Publications

animal-associated opportunistic infections among persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.	a number of animal-associated infections occur in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), including those due to toxoplasma gondii, cryptosporidium, microsporida, salmonella, campylo-bacter, giardia, rhodococcus equi, rochalimaea, and listeria monocytogenes. most of these infections, with the exception of those due to rochalimaea, appear to be acquired by the immunosuppressed individual from sources other than exposure to animals. drs. glaser and colleagues review our curre ...	1994	8054433
correlation between antibiotic resistance, phage-like particle presence, and virulence in rhodococcus equi human isolates.	rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive coccobacillus that appears to be emerging as a pulmonary pathogen in aids patients. in four human clinical isolates, two antibiotic resistance phenotypes were found to coexist: one beta-lactam resistant and the other beta-lactam susceptible. in vitro, beta-lactam-resistant mutants were obtained at a frequency of 1 x 10(-5) to 5 x 10(-5) from beta-lactam-susceptible strains on cephalothin-containing plates. neither beta-lactamase nor plasmid dna was detected in ...	1994	8150945
virulence of rhodococcus equi isolates from patients with and without aids.	rhodococcus equi is an emerging opportunistic pathogen of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. thirty-nine isolates of r. equi from immunocompromised patients with and without aids were analyzed for the presence of virulence plasmid dna, expression of 15- to 17-kda antigens, and their pathogenicities in mice. of the human isolates, eight contained an 85-kb virulence plasmid, expressed 15- to 17-kda antigens, and were virulent in mice. nineteen isolates carried cryptic plasmids of vari ...	1994	8150957
[slowly developing cavitated pneumonia in a patient with hiv infection].		1994	8155754
identification and characterization of a transmissible linear plasmid from rhodococcus erythropolis bd2 that encodes isopropylbenzene and trichloroethene catabolism.	rhodococcus erythropolis bd2, which is able to utilize isopropylbenzene as a sole carbon and energy source, was shown to contain a conjugative linear plasmid, pbd2. the estimated size of pbd2 is 208 to 212 kb. linear plasmid-deficient strains had lost both the isopropylbenzene degradation and trichloroethene degradation characteristics, as well as the arsenite resistance and mercury resistance phenotypes. reintroduction of pbd2 restored all four characteristics. conjugational transfer of pbd2 to ...	1994	8161179
the fas operon of rhodococcus fascians encodes new genes required for efficient fasciation of host plants.	three virulence loci (fas, att, and hyp) of rhodococcus fascians d188 have been identified on a 200-kb conjugative linear plasmid (pfid188). the fas locus was delimited to a 6.5-kb dna fragment by insertion mutagenesis, single homologous disruptive recombination, and in trans complementation of different avirulent insertion mutants. the locus is arranged as a large operon containing six open reading frames whose expression is specifically induced during the interaction with host plants. one pred ...	1994	8169198
humoral immune response to rhodococcus equi in aids patients with r. equi pneumonia.		1994	8169421
the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene of rhodococcus rhodochrous ctm: nucleotide sequence, comparison with isofunctional dioxygenases and evidence for an active-site histidine.	in cell-free extracts of escherichia coli clones harbouring the 3.5 kb bg/ii fragment of plasmid ptc1 from rhodococcus rhodochrous ctm a catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (c23o) accepting both 3-methylcatechol and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl as substrates could be detected. the plasmid-encoded gene for c23o of r. rhodochrous ctm and its flanking regions were sequenced. in front of the gene a sequence resembling an e. coli promoter was identified, which led to constitutive expression of the cloned gene in e. co ...	1994	8180697
biotransformations catalyzed by the genus rhodococcus.	rhodococci display a diverse range of metabolic capabilities and they are a ubiquitous feature of many environments. they are able to degrade short-chain, long-chain, and halogenated hydrocarbons, and numerous aromatic compounds, including halogenated and other substituted aromatics, heteroaromatics, hydroaromatics, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. they possess a wide variety of pathways for degrading and modifying aromatic compounds, including dioxygenase and monooxygenase ring attack, and ...	1994	8187203
rhodococcus equi infections of humans. 12 cases and a review of the literature.	increased recognition of rhodococcus equi as a human pathogen has occurred since 1983, when the first review article summarized the world's literature of 12 cases. in this article, we present 12 cases from the university of oklahoma health sciences center and review 60 from the literature. most cases occur in immunocompromised hosts and present as chronic cavitary pneumonias. associated extrapulmonary disease is seen at diagnosis in 7% of patients with pneumonia, and relapse occurs at extrapulmo ...	1994	8190035
rapid identification of mycolic acid patterns of mycobacteria by high-performance liquid chromatography using pattern recognition software and a mycobacterium library.	current methods for identifying mycobacteria by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) require a visual assessment of the generated chromatographic data, which often involves time-consuming hand calculations and the use of flow charts. our laboratory has developed a personal computer-based file containing patterns of mycolic acids detected in 45 species of mycobacterium, including both slowly and rapidly growing species, as well as tsukamurella paurometabolum and members of the genera cor ...	1994	8195387
comparison of oral erythromycin formulations in the horse using pharmacokinetic profiles.	the pharmacokinetic properties of four erythromycin formulations were compared in six adult horses after administration of single and multiple oral doses. formulations of erythromycin administered were estolate and phosphate given 37.5 mg/kg every 12 h and 25 mg/kg every 8 h, and stearate and ethylsuccinate given 25 mg/kg every 8 h. areas under the curve (auc) and maximum plasma erythromycin concentrations (cmax) were equal or greater (p > or = 0.05) following administration of erythromycin phos ...	1994	8196089
sequences of the cobalamin biosynthetic genes cobk, cobl and cobm from rhodococcus sp. ni86/21.	sequence analysis of a 5753-bp genomic fragment of rhodococcus sp. ni86/21 revealed the presence of three homologues of known cobalamin biosynthetic genes. one of these genes encodes a protein showing strong homology with the precorrin-6x reductase (cobk) of pseudomonas denitrificans. in addition, the rhodococcal homologue of the corrin methyltransferases, cobm from p. denitrificans and cbif from salmonella typhimurium, was identified. the protein deduced from a third rhodococcus gene aligns wel ...	1994	8200543
effect of growth temperature on maintenance of virulent rhodococcus equi.	repeated passage of virulent rhodococcus equi atcc 33701 and l1 at 38 degrees c resulted in attenuation of the strains as a result of curing the virulence plasmid; at 30 degrees c, repeated passage had no such effect. at a temperature of 38 degrees c the plasmid-bearing cells replicated more slowly than their plasmid-cured derivatives and so were gradually replaced by cells lacking plasmids. in contrast, at a temperature of 30 degrees c the growth rate of either strain was not affected by the pr ...	1994	8203124
cloning, sequencing, and expression of rhodococcus l-phenylalanine dehydrogenase. sequence comparisons to amino-acid dehydrogenases.	l-phenylalanine dehydrogenase catalyzes the nad(+)-dependent, reversible, oxidative deamination of l-phenylalanine to form ammonia, phenyl pyruvate, and nadh. the enzyme has been purified to homogeneity from rhodococcus sp. m4, and a partial amino acid sequence was obtained. a cosmid library of rhodococcus sp. m4 genomic dna was prepared and used to isolate a 2.5-kilobase psti fragment that contained the pdh gene. the open reading frame of 1068 nucleotides encodes a polypeptide of 356 amino acid ...	1994	8206922
biochemical and serological characteristics of rhodococcus equi isolates from animals and humans.	in the present study, 17 rhodococcus equi isolates from animals and 13 r. equi isolates from humans were correctly identified by the use of the api coryne-test system. the biochemical characteristics revealed no significant differences between isolates from animals and humans. heat extractions at acid ph or autoclave extractions of the bacteria and the use of monospecific antisera against type antigens 1-7 allowed the serotyping of the bacteria. the majority of the r. equi isolates reacted with ...	1994	7801718
[rhodococcus equi pneumonia in patients with immunodeficiency].	in three patients, men of 30, 21 and 24 years old respectively, rhodococcus equi pneumonia was diagnosed. antibiotic treatment, followed by secondary prophylaxis, was successful. in one patient, lobectomy was done. r. equi, a well-known bacterial pathogen in horses, appears also to be pathogenic in humans in case of immunodeficiency.	1994	7808528
[rhodococcus equi pneumonia in a patient with aids. primary resistance to imipenem].		1994	7811779
interaction of virulent and non-virulent rhodococcus equi human isolates with phagocytes, fibroblast- and epithelial-derived cells.	rhodococcus equi is a facultative, intracellular, gram-positive coccobacillus, increasingly reported in pneumonia of aids-infected patients. we investigated killing resistance properties of human r. equi virulent and avirulent human strains. avirulent beta-lactam-susceptible strains had lower intracellular colony forming units after 45 min incubation in murine macrophages j774 and human monocyte-macrophage tph-1 than those of virulent strains. only virulent beta-lactam-resistant strains persiste ...	1994	7812268
chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from rhodococcus erythropolis 1cp. kinetic and immunochemical comparison with analogous enzymes from gram-negative strains.	chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from rhodococcus erythropolis 1cp was purified to homogeneity. in contrast to chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from gram-negative strains which have a very broad substrate tolerance, the rhodococcus enzyme was relatively more specific and had a distinct preference for 4-substituted catechols. protein and metal analysis indicate an unusual stoichiometry of one atom each of iron and manganese/64-kda homodimer. the n-terminal amino acid sequence (27 residues) of the rho ...	1994	7813460
opacification of middlebrook agar as an aid in distinguishing nocardia farcinica within the nocardia asteroides complex.	among 58 aerobic actinomycetes isolated from different sources and geographical locations, none of 23 nocardia asteroides isolates, at 18 n. farcinica isolates, 1 of 5 n. otitidiscaviarum isolates, and 1 of 4 rhodococcus species isolates opacified middlebrook 7h10 medium. within the n. asteroides complex, this characteristic, together with growth at 45 degrees c and resistance to each of erythromycin, cefotaxime, and tobramycin, provides a simple means of distinguishing n. farcinica from n. aste ...	1994	7814557
alpha-mannosidase: a rapid test for identification of arcanobacterium haemolyticum.	a 4-h alpha-mannosidase test for identification of arcanobacterium haemolyticum strains (n = 139) and differentiation of a. haemolyticum from actinomyces pyogenes strains (n = 30) and other gram-positive rods was evaluated. practically all a. haemolyticum strains (138 of 139) and the listeria monocytogenes type strain were alpha-mannosidase positive, while all a. pyogenes strains and corynebacterium (n = .25) strains as well as the rhodococcus equi and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae type strains w ...	1994	7710479
a phylogeny of the genus nocardia deduced from the analysis of small-subunit ribosomal dna sequences, including transfer of nocardia amarae to the genus gordona as gordona amarae comb. nov.	according to phylogenetic analyses of nearly complete small-subunit ribosomal dna sequences, the genus nocardia should not comprise the two species nocardia petroleophila and nocardia amarae. n. amarae should be reassigned to the genus gordona as gordona amarae. all of the other nocardia species form a monophyletic unit, closely related to species of the genus rhodococcus. it is proposed to revive the name 'cmn' to comprise the genera corynebacterium, tsukamurella, mycobacterium, gordona, rhodoc ...	1994	7545965
rhodococcus equi pneumonia and pulmonary malakoplakia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. pathologic features.	pulmonary infection with rhodococcus equi is rare, and most cases are seen in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. we describe the pathologic features in four cases of culture-positive r equi pneumonia occurring in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. all four patients had a solitary cavitary pulmonary mass that was resected (n = 3) or had undergone biopsy (n = 1). pathologically, all specimens revealed sheets of histiocytes with ...	1994	7517660
phylogenetic evidence for transfer of pentachlorophenol-mineralizing rhodococcus chlorophenolicus pcp-i(t) to the genus mycobacterium.	we determined the nucleotide sequence of a 16s rrna gene of rhodococcus chlorophenolicus pcp-i(t) (= dsm 43826t) (t = type strain). sequence comparisons revealed that there was a close relationship between strain pcp-i(t) and strains belonging to the genus mycobacterium. the sequence data were used to construct a phylogenetic tree, which showed that mycobacterium chubuense is the closest relative of strain pcp-i(t). we propose that strain pcp-i(t) should be transferred to the genus mycobacterium ...	1994	7520738
infections due to rhodococcus equi in three hiv-infected patients: microbiological findings and antibiotic susceptibility.	infections of rhodococcus equi, a well-known pathogen in animals which causes cavitated pneumonia similar to that caused by mycobacteria, were studied in three hiv-infected patients. this microorganism was isolated in the bronchoalveolar washings of two patients and in the sputum of the third. in two patients, rh. equi represented the first clinical opportunistic manifestation of hiv disease. one patient died of concomitant pneumocystis infection. the eradication of the microorganism occurred in ...	1994	7672872
pulmonary malakoplakia related to rhodococcus equi occurring in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1994	8107640
development of reactive arthritis and resistance to erythromycin and rifampin in a foal during treatment for rhodococcus equi pneumonia.		1994	8542848
selective desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by rhodococcus erythropolis d-1.	a dibenzothiophene (dbt)-degrading bacterium, rhodococcus erythropolis d-1, which utilized dbt as a sole source of sulfur, was isolated from soil. dbt was metabolized to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-hbp) by the strain, and 2-hbp was almost stoichiometrically accumulated as the dead-end metabolite of dbt degradation. dbt degradation by this strain was shown to proceed as dbt --> dbt sulfone --> 2-hbp. dbt at an initial concentration of 0.125 mm was completely degraded within 2 days of cultivation. dbt at ...	1994	16349153
aerobic mineralization of trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, and aromatic compounds by rhodococcus species.	two rhodococcus strains which were isolated from a trichloroethylene (tce)-degrading bacterial mixture and rhodococcus rhodochrous atcc 21197 mineralized vinyl chloride (vc) and tce. greater than 99.9% of a 1-mg/liter concentration of vc was degraded by cell suspensions. [1,2-c]vc was degraded by cell suspensions, with the production of greater than 66% co(2) and 20% c-aqueous phase products and incorporation of 10% of the c into the biomass. cultures that utilized propane as a substrate were ab ...	1994	16349184
purification and characterization of an inducible s-triazine hydrolase from rhodococcus corallinus nrrl b-15444r.	the widespread use and relative persistence of s-triazine compounds such as atrazine and simazine have led to increasing concern about environmental contamination by these compounds. few microbial isolates capable of transforming substituted s-triazines have been identified. rhodococcus corallinus nrrl b-15444 has previously been shown to possess a hydrolase activity that is responsible for the dechlorination of the triazine compounds deethylsimazine (6-chloro-n-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) ...	1994	16349190
cesium accumulation and growth characteristics of rhodococcus erythropolis cs98 and rhodococcus sp. strain cs402.	growth and cesium accumulation characteristics of two cesium-accumulating bacteria isolated from soils were investigated. rhodococcus erythropolis cs98 and rhodococcus sp. strain cs402 accumulated high levels of cesium (approximately 690 and 380 mumol/g [dry weight] of cells or 92 and 52 mg/g [dry weight] of cells, respectively) after 24 h of incubation in the presence of 0.5 mm cesium. the optimum ph for cesium uptake by both rhodococcus strains was 8.5. rubidium and cesium assumed part of the ...	1994	16349312
adsorption of rhodococcus strain gin-1 (ncimb 40340) on titanium dioxide and coal fly ash particles.	rhodococcus strain gin-1 (ncimb 40340) can be used to enrich and isolate a titanium-rich fraction from coal fly ash. the gram-positive bacterium was isolated by its ability to adhere strongly and rapidly to suspended particles of pure titanium dioxide or coal fly ash. adsorption depends on the salt concentration and occurs in seawater. lowering of the salt concentration or washing of particles with pure water did not, however, cause desorption of the bacteria from tio(2) particles; this was achi ...	1994	16349369
efficient transformation of the cephamycin c producer nocardia lactamdurans and development of shuttle and promoter-probe cloning vectors.	a high transformation efficiency (1 x 10 to 7 x 10 transformants per mug of dna) of nocardia lactamdurans lc411 was obtained by direct treatment of mycelium with polyethylene glycol 1000 and cesium chloride. a variety of vectors from streptomyces lividans, brevibacterium lactofermentum, rhodococcus fascians, and a nocardia (amycolatopsis) sp. were tested; transformants could be obtained only with vectors derived from an endogenous plasmid of the amycolatopsis sp. strain dsm 43387. vectors carryi ...	1994	16349436
stereospecificity of microbial hydrations of oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid.	we recently described a simple method for ascertaining the stereochemical purities of hydroxy fatty acids (s. h. el-sharkawy, w. yang, l. dostal, and j. p. n. rosazza, appl. environ. microbiol. 58:2116-2122, 1992) based on the h-nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis of diastereomeric s-(+)-o-acetylmandelate esters of hydroxystearates. this report describes the stereochemistries of microbial hydrations of oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid by nocardia aurantia (also known as rhodococcus ...	1993	16348853
novel allylic oxidation of alpha-cedrene to sec-cedrenol by a rhodococcus strain.	a bacterial strain, designated ksm-7358, that can use alpha-cedrene for growth was isolated. the strain was identified as a member of the genus rhodococcus and catalyzed the novel allylic oxidation of alpha-cedrene regiospecifically to produce (r)-10-hydroxycedrene (sec-cedrenol) with a very high yield. alpha-curcumene was also produced as a possible metabolite of sec-cedrenol. a possible pathway for the microbial conversion of alpha-cedrene to sec-cedrenol and alpha-curcumene is proposed.	1993	16348930
identification and cloning of genes involved in specific desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by rhodococcus sp. strain igts8.	the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus sp. strain igts8 is able to remove sulfur from certain aromatic compounds without breaking carbon-carbon bonds. in particular, sulfur is removed from dibenzothiophene (dbt) to give the final product, 2-hydroxybiphenyl. a genomic library of igts8 was constructed in the cosmid vector plafr5, but no desulfurization phenotype was imparted to escherichia coli. therefore, igts8 was mutagenized, and a new strain (uv1) was selected that had lost the ability to des ...	1993	16349035
physicochemical cell surface and adhesive properties of coryneform bacteria related to the presence and chain length of mycolic acids.	the presence and chain length of mycolic acids of bacteria of the genera corynebacterium, rhodococcus, gordona, mycobacterium, and arthrobacter and of coryneform bacteria containing a type b peptidoglycan were related to the cell surface hydrophobicity of the bacteria, which in turn was related to adhesion of the cells to defined surfaces such as teflon and glass. the origin of the overall negative charge of these bacteria is discussed.	1993	16349100
isolation of rhodococcus equi from the liver abscess of a goat in trinidad.		1993	17424274
respiratory infections in the immunocompromised patient.	damage to local and systemic defences of the lungs makes the immunocompromised host vulnerable to inhaled microorganisms. the type of underlying disease and its associated immunodeficiency allow a high degree of accurate pathogen prediction. neutropenia is associated with gram-negative bacilli pneumonia. prolonged neutropenia increases the risk of aspergillosis and mucormycosis. cellular immunodeficiency is associated with pneumocystis carinii, legionella spp. and intracellular parasites includi ...	1993	18611585
bioluminescent flow sensor for l-phenylalanine determination in serum.	a highly sensitive and rapid bioluminescent flow sensor was developed for the determination of the content of l-phenylalanine (phe) in serum by monitoring the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadh), produced by immobilized phenylalanine dehydrogenase (phedh), with bacterial bioluminescent enzymes immobilized on a separate nylon coil. the l-phedhs extracted from bacillus badius, bacillus sphaericus and rhodococcus sp. m 4 were investigated and the performances of the three immob ...	1993	18965647
lack of residual lung damage in horses in which rhodococcus equi-induced pneumonia had been diagnosed.	the effect of prior rhodococcus equi-induced pneumonia on pulmonary health was investigated in 5 horses (< 24 months old) using endoscopy, radiography, hematologic and bronchoalveolar lavage analyses, and pulmonary function testing. rhodococcus equi-induced pneumonia had been diagnosed in principal horses when they were foals. diagnosis was based on positive results of transtracheal aspiration and thoracic radiography at the time of initial clinical examination. results of reevaluation of the re ...	1993	8116948
amidase coupled with low-molecular-mass nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. sequencing and expression of the gene and purification and characterization of the gene product.	the cloned 9.4-kb insert of plasmid pnhj20l containing low-molecular-mass nitrile hydratase (l-nhase) gene from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 [kobayashi, m. et al. (1991) biochim. biophys. acta 1129, 23-33] was digested with various restriction enzymes, and the trimmed fragments were inserted into puc18 or puc19. a 1.96-kb ecori-sphi region located 1.9-kb downstream of the l-nhase gene was found to be essential for the expression of amidase activity in escherichia coli; the gene arrangement of the ...	1993	7916690
cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of the flavobacterium pentachlorophenol-4-monooxygenase gene in escherichia coli.	the pcpb gene of flavobacterium sp. strain atcc 39723 was cloned by using a degenerate primer designed from the n-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme. the nucleotide sequence of pcpb was determined and found to encode an open reading frame of 1,614 nucleotides, yielding a predicted translation product of 538 amino acids, in agreement with the estimated size of the purified protein analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the transcriptional start of pcpb was fo ...	1993	7678243
rhodococcus species fatal infection in an immunocompetent host.	a 24-year-old woman had fatal pneumonia-associated adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by rhodococcus species. histological examination of lung biopsy tissue showed intracellular coccobacillary microorganisms. antimicrobial susceptibility tests on the patient's blood isolate showed that it was resistant to clindamycin and norfloxacin but susceptible to several other antimicrobial agents. also, the isolate's biochemical reactions and pattern of rna gene-containing restriction fragments wer ...	1993	7683869
development of an enzymatic process for manufacturing acrylamide and recent progress.		1993	7763351
characterization of nitrile hydratase genes cloned by dna screening from rhodococcus erythropolis.	southern hybridization analysis using the genes encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of nitrile hydratase (nhase) from rhodococcus sp. n-774 as probe suggested that two r. erythropolis strains, jcm6823 and jcm2892, among 31 strains mainly from japan culture of microorganisms (jcm) have nhase genes. restriction analysis of dna fragments showing positive hybridization showed that each fragment carried a nucleotide sequence very similar to that of the nhase genes from rhodococcus sp. n-774. nucleo ...	1993	7764017
production of s-(+)-2-phenylpropionic acid from (r,s)-2-phenylpropionitrile by the combination of nitrile hydratase and stereoselective amidase in rhodococcus equi tg328.	a new soil isolate, tentatively identified as rhodococcus equi tg328, was found to be effective in the production of s-(+)-2-phenylpropionic acid from (r,s)-2-phenylpropionitrile. the conversion is catalysed by two enzymes. first, a nitrile hydratase converts the (r,s)-nitrile to (r,s)-2-phenylpropionamide. second, a stereoselective amidase converts the s-(+)-amide to s-(+)-2-phenylpropionic acid. conditions for optimal enzyme production and accumulation of s-(+)-2-phenylpropionic acid by restin ...	1993	7764117
rhodococcus equi-associated osteomyelitis in foals.	two cases of rhodococcus equi infection in foals are described, in which osteomyelitis was a feature. because rhodococcal infection is usually low grade and chronic, and because the signs of early metaphysitis can be subtle, any articular or periarticular swelling in a foal from a farm with a history of rhodococcosis should be strongly suspected to be associated with r equi until proven otherwise.	1993	8216097
combination antibiotic treatment with clarithromycin for human immunodeficiency virus-associated rhodococcus equi infection.		1993	8218702
spectroscopic characterization of a newly isolated cytochrome p450 from rhodococcus rhodochrous.	cytochrome p450 (p450) from rhodococcus rhodochrous have been characterized through circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy, both in the substrate-free and substrate-bound forms. the data are compared with those of p450cam and indicate a close similarity of the structure of the active site in the two proteins. the substrate-free species contains low-spin iron(iii), while the 2-ethoxyphenol bound species contains high-spin iron(iii). the substrate is in slow exchange ...	1993	8218905
the giant linear plasmid phg207 from rhodococcus sp. encoding hydrogen autotrophy: characterization of the plasmid and its termini.	as described previously, in rhodococcus sp. (formerly nocardia opaca) strains mr11 and mr22, the ability to grow as an aerobic hydrogen bacterium (the aut character) is located on giant conjugative linear plasmids--on phg201 (270 kb) in strain mr11 and on phg205 (280 kb) in strain mr22. in an autotrophic transconjugant originating from mr22 a smaller plasmid, phg207 (225 kb), was detected and shown to be a recombination product of the wild-type plasmids phg204 and phg205. a donor carrying phg207 ...	1993	8245832
a simple chemical test to distinguish mycobacteria from other mycolic-acid-containing actinomycetes.	two hundred and fifty-two representatives of the general corynebacterium, gordona, mycobacterium, nocardia, rhodococcus and tsukamurella were degraded by alkaline hydrolysis and their mycolic acids extracted as methyl esters following phase-transfer-catalysed esterification. when the mycolic acid methyl esters were treated with a mixture of acetonitrile and toluene all mycobacterial mycolates formed copious white precipitates whereas all but 5 out of the 106 non-mycobacterial mycolates remained ...	1993	8245845
association of microbiologic flora with clinical, endoscopic, and pulmonary cytologic findings in foals with distal respiratory tract infection.	undifferentiated distal respiratory tract disease (nasal discharge, cough, pneumonia) in foals (1 to 8 months old) is a burdensome economic problem on breeding farms; yet, the infective agents associated with these episodes have not been well described. possible causes of these episodes of illness were investigated by culturing specimens of proximal and distal airways of clinically diseased foals (n = 101), prior to any treatment, for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and viruses (rhinoviruses, equ ...	1993	8250386
novel gangliosides containing the sialyl-le(a) structure from a human rectal adenocarcinoma.	oligosaccharides were released from the gangliosides of a human rectal adenocarcinoma with endoglycoceramidase (rhodococcus sp. g-74-2) and then purified by affinity chromatography on a column of an immobilized monoclonal antibody, msw 113. structural studies, involving 600-mhz 1h nmr spectrometry, indicated the structures of these compounds to be as follows. [formula: see text] three of these oligosaccharides, 2, 3, and 4, are novel as to ganglioside sugar chains and contain both lacto series t ...	1993	8253783
monoclonal antibody specific to virulence-associated 15- to 17-kilodalton antigens of rhodococcus equi.	virulent rhodococcus equi produces 15- to 17-kda surface protein antigens. these antigens are used as markers to identify virulent r. equi isolates from foals and their environment by western blot (immunoblot) analysis with naturally infected foal serum. in the present study, a monoclonal antibody (mab; 10g5) was generated against the 15- to 17-kda antigens excised from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels to develop sensitive and specific immunoblot assays for the identification of virule ...	1993	8253982
bronchointerstitial pneumonia and respiratory distress in young horses: clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and pathological findings in 23 cases (1984-1989).	twenty-three foals, between 1 and 7 months old, with signs of acute respiratory distress, were examined at the veterinary medical teaching hospital (vmth), university of california, davis, between 1984 and 1989. characteristic features included sudden onset of severe respiratory distress and tachypnea, cyanosis unresponsive to nasal oxygen, pyrexia, hypoxemia, hypercapneic respiratory acidosis, poor response to treatment, and histopathologic lesions of bronchiolitis and bronchointerstitial pneum ...	1993	8263846
n-terminal amino acid sequence of mutant strain brevibacterium sp. adipamidase.	the adipamidase of a mutant strain brevibacterium sp. r312 involved in the degradation of adiponitrile to adipic acid was purified. its n-terminal amino acid sequence was shown to be identical to brevibacterium sp. r312 enantio selective amidase and rhodococcus sp. n-774 amidase.	1993	8274001
major structural features of the cell wall arabinogalactans of mycobacterium, rhodococcus, and nocardia spp.	the cell wall arabinogalactans of strains of mycobacterium, rhodococcus, and nocardia were per-o-methylated, partially hydrolyzed with acid, and the resulting oligosaccharides were reduced and per-o-ethylated to yield per-o-alkylated oligoglycosyl alditol fragments. analyses of these fragments by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and of the intact solubilized polysaccharides by 1h and 13c nmr revealed the major structural features of the different arabinogalactans from representatives of the ...	1993	8275507
bacterial pneumonia in hiv-infected patients.	individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are more susceptible to bacterial infections because of defects in both cellular and humoral immunity. streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae are the most common causes of bacterial pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. however, more unusual bacteria can also cause pneumonia. response to therapy is generally good for infections caused by pyogenic organisms, and complications are relatively few. unfortunately, infections ...	1993	8278678
rhodococcus equi pneumonia: case report and literature review.	to present a case of rhodococcus equi (re) pneumonia and discuss its pathophysiology and treatment.	1993	8286804
spheroplast formation and plasmid isolation from rhodococcus spp.	the genus rhodococcus comprises aerobic gram-positive actinomycetes that show considerable morphological and metabolic diversity and are known to be involved in the development of plant diseases and degradation of environmental pollutants. we describe a method for cell lysis and large plasmid dna isolation from rhodococcus by creating lysozyme susceptible cells by predigestion with the enzyme mutanolysin. mutanolysin action resulted in the liberation of reducing sugars and free amino acids from ...	1993	8292332
restriction map of a virulence-associated plasmid of rhodococcus equi.	the restriction cleavage map of a virulence-associated plasmid preat701 of rhodococcus equi was constructed with ecori and hindiii by means of cloning the restriction fragments, cross southern hybridization with each fragment, and hybridization with probes generated by modified inverse pcr. the genetic region responsible for expression of virulence-associated 15- to 17-kilodalton antigens was determined.	1993	8302941
[detection of rhodococcus equi antibodies in human serum].	the authors investigated in sera of patients with pneumonia the presence of antibodies against the equi factor rhodococcus equi. for examination they used agar immunodiffusion and a test for neutralizing the equi factor. some 110 sera of different donors were examined. in agar immunodiffusion they used the equi factor as antigen either in the separated form or equi factor produced by the growing strain of r. equi. the neutralization test was implemented on agar media with red blood cells sensiti ...	1993	8306394
chronic postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. report on nine patients.	between 1987 and 1992, nine patients (three men and six women; mean age, 75 years) presented with chronic postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract extraction and intraocular lens (iol) implantation. eight patients were referred from another institution. the interval between iol implantation and the beginning of intraocular inflammation averaged 5.6 months (range, 1-19 months). the referral diagnosis was "toxic lens" syndrome in seven patients. the main clinical findings were a hypopyon in th ...	1993	8312828
[recurrent abscess of the lung caused by rhodococcus equi in an hiv-positive patient: response to the combination imipenem/vancomycin].		1993	8315968
new method for the isolation of polyglycosylceramides from human erythrocyte membranes.	a new procedure was developed for the isolation of long-chain, highly polar glycosphingolipids from human erythrocytes. the membrane material left after extraction of membrane lipids with organic solvents was peracetylated in a mixture of formamide, pyridine and acetic anhydride, and the acetylated products were then extracted with chloroform. the material was fractionated and purified by means of sephadex lh-20, sephadex lh-60 and silica-gel chromatography. the final preparations were mixtures ...	1993	8323973
progressive pulmonary infiltrates and positive blood cultures for weakly acid-fast, gram-positive rods in a 76-year-old woman.		1993	8325080
metabolism of the herbicide atrazine by rhodococcus strains.	rhodococcus strains were screened for their ability to degrade the herbicide atrazine. only rhodococci that degrade the herbicide eptc (s-ethyl-dipropylthiocarbamate) metabolized atrazine. rhodococcus strain te1 metabolized atrazine under aerobic conditions to produce deethyl- and deisopropylatrazine, which were not degraded further and which accumulated in the incubation medium. the bacterium also metabolized the other s-triazine herbicides propazine, simazine, and cyanazine. the n dealkylation ...	1993	8328812
three different 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase genes in the gram-positive polychlorobiphenyl-degrading bacterium rhodococcus globerulus p6.	rhodococcus globerulus p6 (previously designated acinetobacter sp. strain p6, arthrobacter sp. strain m5, and corynebacterium sp. strain mb1) is able to degrade a wide range of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners. the genetic and biochemical analyses of the pcb catabolic pathway reported here have revealed the existence of a pcb gene cluster--bphbc1d--and two further bphc genes--bphc2 and bphc3--that encode three narrow-substrate-specificity enzymes (2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenases) that ...	1993	8335622
pharmacokinetics of single intravenous and single and multiple dose oral administration of rifampin in mares.	the disposition of rifampin in six healthy mares after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) doses and after seven oral doses of 10 mg/kg administered twice a day was investigated using a high performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) method. pharmacokinetic variables for rifampin determined using the hplc method were comparable to variables reported from earlier studies utilizing a microbiological assay. desascetylrifampin, a major metabolite of the parent compound, could not be detected in ...	1993	8345562
virulence-associated plasmids in rhodococcus equi.	twenty-three strains of rhodococcus equi from independent clinical cases were analyzed for the presence of virulence plasmid dna. of the clinical isolates, 19 contained an 85-kb plasmid and the remaining 4 contained a 90-kb plasmid. all of the isolates expressed 15- to 17-kda antigens and were virulent in mice. restriction enzyme and southern blot analyses showed large regions of dna homology between the 85- and 90-kb virulence plasmids. it was concluded tentatively that there are at least two v ...	1993	8349748
in-vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs of bacterial isolates from horses in the netherlands.	minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 30 antimicrobial agents (including the hitherto unreported antimicrobial agents doxycycline, minocycline, vanomycin, 3 quinolones and 3 combinations of antimicrobial agents) for isolates of salmonella spp. (20), escherichia coli (17), klebsiella spp. (8), proteus spp. (7), pseudomonas aeruginosa (7), actinobacillus equuli (5), rhodococcus equi (4), streptococcus zooepidemicus (23), streptococcus equisimilis (6), streptococcus equi (4), coagulase-positi ...	1993	8354217
rhodococcus equi.	this article summarizes recent advances in understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, immunology, treatment, and control of rhodococcus equi infections in foals. our understanding of these aspects currently is sufficient to ensure control of this problem on affected farms and in infected foals. more information, however, is needed on factors predisposing foals to r. equi pneumonia, in particular, the nature of the naturally occurring cellular immunodefici ...	1993	8358650
chromatographic and mass spectrometric characterization of 3-o-benzoyl methyl ester derivatives of mycolic acid fractions from corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, c. diphtheriae and rhodococcus rhodochrous.	a benzoyl group was attached to the 3-hydroxyl group of the methyl ester derivative of corynomycolic acid fraction isolated from corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. the infrared spectrum of the 3-o-benzoylated compound displayed a series of characteristic absorptions found at 1110, 1267 and 1603 cm-1 that confirmed the presence of a monosubstituted phenyl grouping. the 1h-nmr spectrum showed peaks representing protons of the aromatic ring at 7.4 ppm and 8.0 ppm. the uv spectrum revealed two abso ...	1993	8358854
cholesterol side-chain cleavage by immobilized cells of rhodococcus equi dsm 89-133.	side-chain cleavage of sterol and extracellular cholesterol oxidase activity were investigated using viable cells of r. equi dsm 89-133 immobilized in polyacrylamide gel. in batch culture, immobilized cells were active in side-chain cleavage of cholesterol for more than 30 days. free or immobilized cells were incapable of side-chain cleavage in the absence of 2,2' dipyridyl; cholesterol oxidase was, however, produced in both the cases. maximal activity of the immobilized cells was 60 to 70% of t ...	1993	8359831
penicillin-binding proteins of rhodococcus equi: potential role in resistance to imipenem.	rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive coccobacillus which, like other members of the order actinomycetales, is increasingly reported as an opportunistic pathogen in patients with aids. the use of combinations of antibiotics that include imipenem (imp) has been suggested for the treatment of patients infected with r. equi. an antagonism between imp, meropenem, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, moxalactam, and oxacillin and other beta-lactams, such as penicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, and ticarcillin, was ...	1993	8363366
rhodococcus equi pneumonia in a patient with aids: radiologic features.		1993	8372786
nicotinoprotein [nad(p)-containing] alcohol/aldehyde oxidoreductases. purification and characterization of a novel type from amycolatopsis methanolica.	extracts of gram-positive bacteria like rhodococcus rhodochrous, rhodococcus erythropolis and amycolatopsis methanolica, but not those of several gram-negative ones, showed dehydrogenase activity for ethanol as well as for methanol when 4-nitroso-n,n-dimethylaniline (ndma) was used as electron acceptor. chromatography of extracts of the first two organisms revealed one activity for both substrates, that of a. methanolica two activities, one of which is able to oxidize methanol and has been purif ...	1993	8385013
a cancer patient with central venous catheter-related sepsis caused by tsukamurella paurometabolum (gordona aurantiaca)		1993	8399886
rhodococcus equi causing bacteremia in an adult with acute leukemia.	we have reported a case of isolated bacteremia due to rhodococcus equi in an immunocompromised, non-hiv-infected patient with acute leukemia. this patient's illness demonstrates a rare presentation of an emerging opportunistic pathogen that may be potentially acquired via exposure to domestic horses or their habitat during periods of aggressive chemotherapeutic administration. the infection was successfully eradicated by treatment with erythromycin and rifampin. counseling immunocompromised pati ...	1993	8434305
rhodococcus equi infection in foals: a report of an outbreak on a thoroughbred stud in zimbabwe.	twenty-four foals were confirmed to be infected with rhodococcus equi on a private stud in zimbabwe over a two-year period. six mares had foals which were affected in each of the two years. all the foals were febrile and early cases were detected by this pyrexia. bronchopneumonia was only clinically detectable in advanced cases. in spite of energetic hygiene measures relating to pasture and housing management, the incidence was higher in the second year (23 per cent of foals born) than in the fi ...	1993	8438546
characterization of the genome of the rhodococcus rhodochrous bacteriophage njl.	temperate bacteriophage njl of rhodococcus rhodochrous has a 49-kb linear double-stranded dna with cohesive ends (cos). njl dna has unique target sites for hindiii and sspi, two target sites each for nhei and scai, and no cleavage site for axyi, drai, ecori, saci, and sphi. the single-stranded regions of cos ends were ligated to each other with t4 dna ligase, removed with mung bean nuclease, or blunted with the klenow large fragment of dna polymerase i; then the sequences of the cos ends were de ...	1993	8439171
nocardioform arsenic resistance plasmid characterization and improved rhodococcus cloning vectors.	a representative of a group of related rhodococcus arsenic resistance plasmids was characterized, locating the resistance genes and regions influencing host range and controlling copy number. this information, together with identification of antibiotic resistance determinants to replace the arsenic marker was used to construct rhodococcus-escherichia coli positive selection shuttle plasmids which, compared with those previously constructed, had half the size, a much higher copy number, and chlor ...	1993	8441772
two independently regulated cytochromes p-450 in a rhodococcus rhodochrous strain that degrades 2-ethoxyphenol and 4-methoxybenzoate.	a red-pigmented coryneform bacterium, identified as rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 116, that grew on 2-ethoxyphenol and 4-methoxybenzoate as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated. phylogenetic analysis based on the 16s rdna sequences indicates that the strain clusters more closely to other rhodococci than to other gram-positive organisms with a high g + c content. each of the abovementioned growth substrates was shown to induce a distinct cytochrome p-450: cytochrome p-450rr1 was induced b ...	1993	8444808
rhodococcus equi infection in hiv-infected patients.		1993	8455149
[a pulmonary abscess due to rhodococcus equi in an aids patient].		1993	8465058
novel mechanism for the camp reaction between listeria monocytogenes and corynebacterium equi.	the synergistic hemolytic reaction between listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus and corynebacterium equi on blood agar plates was explored using a modified test-tube assay. a synergistic lysis of sheep red blood cells was observed with l. monocytogenes and either s. aureus or c. equi, using crude extracts. synergism was also found with l. monocytogenes and purified cholesterol oxidase from pseudomonas fluorescens and brevibacterium brevi. crude extracts of s. aureus sensitized sheep red ...	1993	8466816
1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene biodegradation by rhodococcus sp. bpg-8.	the metabolic pathway used by rhodococcus sp. bpg-8 isolated from oil-rich soil in newfoundland for the degradation of 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene (phloroglucinol) as a sole source of carbon and energy was determined. culture filtrates of cells grown on phloroglucinol detected 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroxybenzene when extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography--mass spectrometry, thin-layer chromatography, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. nonaromatics were either derivatized with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydr ...	1993	8467418
recognition of pneumocystis carinii in foals with respiratory distress.	five 3-month-old foals presenting with fever and respiratory disease were found to have pulmonary abscesses with patchy to diffuse alveolar and interstitial pneumonia on post-mortem examination. all affected foals had evidence of rhodococcus equi infection and had few to abundant pneumocystis carinii cysts in the sections of affected lung. of the 5 foals examined radiographically, 3 had a distinct reticulonodular (miliary) pattern which may aid in the ante-mortem diagnosis of p. carinii pneumoni ...	1993	8467767
immunodeficiency and serious pneumonia in foals: the plot thickens.		1993	8467784
microbial desulfurization of dibenzothiophene: a sulfur-specific pathway.	rhodococcus rhodochrous strain igts8 metabolizes dibenzothiophene, a model compound for organic sulfur in fossil fuels, in a sulfur-specific manner. two routes of desulfurization have been identified. under growth conditions, the intermediates are dibenzothiophene sulfoxide, dibenzothiophene sulfone, 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfonate, and 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl. stationary phase cells produce 2-hydroxybiphenyl as the desulfurized product and use the 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate, rather than the s ...	1993	8467997
purification and characterization of cytochrome p450rr1 from rhodococcus rhodochrous.	a soluble cytochrome p450 whose synthesis is induced by and that binds 2-ethoxyphenol was purified to apparent homogeneity from rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 116. the enzyme had a subunit molecular mass of 44.5 kda as determined by sds/page and a pi of 5.2. the electronic absorption spectrum indicates that the native cytochrome in the absence of substrate is predominantly in the low-spin state (13% high-spin state in 50 mm mops, ph 7.0 25 degrees c). 2-methoxyphenol binds to the cytochrome with ...	1993	8477696
[rhodococcus equi pulmonitis in hiv+. a review of the literature and a case report].		1993	8480037
development of a serologic panel for the recognition of nocardial infections in a murine model.	a murine model was used to develop a sensitive and specific serologic test for clinical and subclinical infections caused by nocardia. the following tests were used: (a) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) with culture filtrate and cytoplasmic extract antigens from nocardia asteroides; (b) elisa with n. asteroides trehalose dimycolate (cord factor); (c) indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay with whole cells of n. asteroides; and (d) western-blot analysis for the 54 to 55-kd, 36-kd, a ...	1993	8495584
rhodococcus.		1993	8496585
involvement of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in host defense against rhodococcus equi.	rhodococcus equi is a facultative, intracellular, gram-positive coccobacillus increasingly reported as an opportunistic pathogen in aids patients. in vitro, splenic cells of noninfected euthymic mice produced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha) in greater amounts when incubated with live r. equi rather than with killed bacteria. in vivo, interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and tnf alpha serum levels of infected euthymic mice remained below the level of detectability. treatment of infected nude mice ...	1993	8501339
endogenous gamma interferon is essential in granuloma formation induced by glycolipid-containing mycolic acid in mice.	the present study examined the role of endogenous gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in the formation of granulomas in mice which had been given a single intravenous injection of glycolipid-containing mycolic acid (trehalose 2,3,6'-trimycolate) purified from cell walls of rhodococcus aurantiacus (gordona aurantiaca) (gagm) in the form of liposome. the histological status of granuloma formation in the livers, spleens, and lungs of gagm-injected mice was studied at weeks 1 through 5, and the titers of e ...	1993	8514390
the intracellular bacterium rhodococcus equi requires mac-1 to bind to mammalian cells.	rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacterium of macrophages that causes disease in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with aids. in this report, we demonstrate that r. equi binding to mammalian cells requires complement and is mediated primarily by the leukocyte complement receptor, mac-1. bacteria bind to macrophages poorly unless exogenous complement is added to the incubation medium. the addition of fresh nonimmune serum, which contains no detectable antibodies to ...	1993	8514396
chemotaxonomy and molecular taxonomy of some coryneform clinical isolates.	six reference strains of the genus brevibacterium as well as fifteen clinical isolates tentatively assigned to the genus using conventional biochemical methods, were the subject of chemotaxonomic and dna similarity studies. five of these clinical isolates were assigned either to the genera aureobacterium, mycobacterium, gordona or to rhodococcus on the basis of their dna mol% g+c, mycolic acid, amino-acid, sugar and menaquinone contents. among the ten remaining strains, six were not brevibacteri ...	1993	8518510