Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a behavioral program for the treatment of chronic patients. | the authors report the development of a short-term behavioral therapy program for chronically hospitalized schizophrenic patients who had responded only minimally in a therapeutic community. the basic program was a token economy, which concentrated on personal care activities, productive activities, and leisure activities, combined with drug treatment. during the first 9 months of the program 105 patients were admitted and 79 were discharged--24 to nursing or group homes and 47 to their own home ... | 1998 | 106739 |
| staging of myeloma. a preliminary study of staging factors and treatment in different stages. | attempts were made to find prognostic factors in myeloma. in 16 deceased patients, urinary light chains, skeletal lesions, and the quantity of the monoclonal protein fraction in the serum were correlated to prognosis, in contrast to the electrophoretic mobility of the monoclonal fraction, the hemoglobin, the serum creatinine value, the serum calcium, or the intestinal calcium absorption. skeletal calcium uptake was only numerically higher in mild myeloma than in advanced myeloma. since these fin ... | 1998 | 106448 |
| treated stage iib hodgkin's disease complicated by late paraplegia. | 1998 | 105595 | |
| [life at a leprosarium. 4. life of leprosy patients in 1950's]. | 1998 | 106170 | |
| cell-number and cell size. | 1998 | 90908 | |
| ct metrizamide myelography for intraspinal and paraspinal neoplasms in infants and children. | computed tomography (ct) metrizamide myelography is an accurate and satisfactory method for examining the spinal cord in infants and children with suspected intraspinal neoplasms. it was performed in 13 infants and children and in one adult with intra- and paraspinal neoplasms. ct metrizamide myelography in paraspinal masses provides the total geography of the mass; that is, possible intraspinal extension, as well as the paraspinal portion itself. as such, it is superior to conventional myelogra ... | 1998 | 106638 |
| effects of calcium on the intensity-response curve of toad rods. | 1998 | 108600 | |
| catheter cervical vertebral venography. | cervical vertebral venography using catheterzation via the femoral vein was carried out in 78 cases. in disc disease the internal vertebral venous plexus (ivvp) are interrupted at single or multiple levels, and sometimes completely blocked. in ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament, the ivvp are separated bilaterally and interrupted at multiple levels due to centrally situated ossification and associated osteophytes. venography helps to determine the upper and lower limits of laminectom ... | 1998 | 106325 |
| neutrophil chemotaxis: physiology and pathology. | 1998 | 107086 | |
| [surgically treated chronic aortic valve insufficiency. long term results. surgical indications]. | the timing of surgery in chronic aortic regurgitation depends to a large extent on the operative results that may be expected in this type of valve disease. in 88 cases of chronic aortic regurgitation submitted to surgery there were 6 operative deaths (6.8%). five years after operation the actuarial survival was 58% for the whole of the group and 68% for cases of rheumatic aortic regurgitation. analysis of the causes of failures, late deaths, persistence or recurrence of severe impairment of act ... | 1998 | 106793 |
| pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency in spinocerebellar degenerations. | to study the incidence of abnormalities of the pyruvate (pdh) or ketoglutarate (kgdh) dehydrogenase complexes in patients with spinocerebellar degenerations, we measured the activities of pdh and kgdh in platelet-enriched preparations from the blood of 14 patients. low pdh was found in 6 of the 14 patients; low kgdh was found in 2 of the 6. pdh-normal and pdh-abnormal patients could not be distinguished by clinical criteria. these results extend previous studies, which suggested abnormalities of ... | 1998 | 106330 |
| rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute cholecystitis with 99mtc-hida cholescintigraphy. | technetium-99m dimethyl acetanilide iminodiacetic acid (hida) cholescintigraphy was performed on 90 patients with suspected acute cholecystitis. visualization of the gallbladder established patency of the cystic duct and excluded the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in 50 of 52 patients. nonvisualization of the gallbladder with visualization of the common bile duct was diagnostic of acute cholecystitis in 38 patients, all subsequently proven at surgery. the observed accuracy of this procedure is ... | 1998 | 106679 |
| fetal heart rate during a maternal grand mal epileptic seizure. | although maternal ingestion of antiepileptic drugs is strongly suspected of causing congenital defects, particularly oral clefts, the effect of epilepsy itself or a combined effect of drug intake and epilepsy have not been excluded as etiological factors. very little is known about fetal oxygenation during a maternal grand mal epileptic seizure. we describe two cases in which fetal heart rate was recorded during a maternal epileptic seizure during labor. the first fetus became clearly asphyctic ... | 1998 | 106102 |
| characteristics of drosophila rhodopsin in wild-type and norpa vision transduction mutants. | the properties of the major visual pigment of drosophila melanogaster were evaluated. the visual pigment was isolated from other protein components using acrylamide gel electrophoresis and spectral identification. sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) acrylamide gels of the isolated visual pigment gave a single protein subunit with a mol wt of 37,000 daltons. the rhodopsin480 molar extinction coefficient was 35,000 liter/mol-cm (+/- 2,700 se). the metarhodopsin580 molar extinction coefficient was approxi ... | 1998 | 105082 |
| francis thomas garnet prunty. | 1998 | 90912 | |
| [current therapeutic trends in hemometakinetic syndromes. preliminary note]. | 1998 | 108627 | |
| shattuck lecture--in the public interest. | 1998 | 107452 | |
| platelet aggregation in experimental spinal cord injury. ultrastructural observations. | endothelial alterations occur as early as 1 1/2 minutes following impact injury to the primate spinal cord. separation of the endothelial junctions and exposure of microvascular basal lamina result in platelet adhesion and aggregations that cover defects in the vessel wall and may progress to complete vascular occlusion. this occurs during the first six hours following injury. platelets also adhere to the surface of damaged endothelium. hemostasis resulting from platelet thrombus formation is re ... | 1998 | 106810 |
| [principles of hemophilia self-treatment. discussion of experience at german hemophilia centers heidelberg, january 22 and june 3--4, 1977]. | 1998 | 107986 | |
| [pancreatic carcinoma on endoscopic retrograde pancreatico-cholangiogram (author's transl)]. | the pancreaticographic appearances of carcinoma of the pancreas have been divided into two types: 1. canalicular carcinoma arising from the duct system. if arising from the main pancreatic duct, it occludes this, or causes displacement or deformity of its branches in the immediate neighbourhood. if arising from branches, it causes cystic ectasia of the minor ducts; these appear fragmented and deformed while there is stenosis and displacement of the main duct. simultaneous origin from the main an ... | 1998 | 124684 |
| symposium on lipoxygenase: its biochemistry, products, and role in plant and animal chemistry. | 1998 | 107206 | |
| approaches to sequence analysis of 125i-labeled rna. | a method is described for the initial steps of sequence analysis of rnase t1-and pancreatic rn-ase-resistant oligonucleotides of rna containing cytidylate residues labeled in vitro with 125i. in many cases an oligonucleotide sequence can be deduced from a consideration of (i) its relative position in the two-dimensional fingerprint (with deae thin layer homochromatographic second dimension), (ii) its electrophoretic mobility on deae paper at ph 1.9, and (iii) identification of its products of fu ... | 1998 | 106369 |
| on the question of the tumoricidal dose in non-hodgkin's lymphomas. | 1998 | 106447 | |
| hand infections due to non-cholera vibrio after injuries from st peter's fish (tilapia zillii). | we report 49 patients with a wide variety of hand infections, which developed after injuries from st peter's fish (tilapia zillii). twenty-eight of 36 patients who had been operated on had non-cholera vibrio infections, all identified as vibrio vulnificus. the course in these patients was characterized by rapid spread of the infection with progressive necrosis of the tendon sheath, subcutaneous tissues and the skin. two of them required amputations but the others had satisfactory functional resu ... | 1998 | 9888689 |
| direct identification of vibrio vulnificus in clinical specimens by nested pcr. | this study was performed to establish optimal nested pcr conditions and a high-yield dna extraction method for the direct identification of vibrio vulnificus in clinical specimens. we designed two sets of primers targeting the v. vulnificus hemolysin/cytolysin gene. the target of the first primer set (p1-p2; sense, 5'-gac-tat-cgc-atc-aac-aac-cg-3', and antisense, 5'-agg-tag-cga-gta-tta-ctg-cc-3', respectively) is a 704-bp dna fragment. the second set (p3-p4; sense, 5'-gct-att-tca-ccg-ccg-ctc-ac- ... | 1998 | 9738039 |
| characterization of the hemorrhagic reaction caused by vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease, a member of the thermolysin family. | vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing wound infections and septicemia, characterized by hemorrhagic and edematous damage to the skin. this human pathogen secretes a metalloprotease (v. vulnificus protease [vvp]) as an important virulence determinant. when several bacterial metalloproteases including vvp were injected intradermally into dorsal skin, vvp showed the greatest hemorrhagic activity. the level of the in vivo hemorrhagic activity of the bacterial metalloproteases ... | 1998 | 9746589 |
| raw shellfish consumption among renal disease patients. a risk factor for severe vibrio vulnificus infection. | raw shellfish-associated vibrio vulnificus septicemia, with a case-fatality rate of nearly 50%, occurs most commonly in immunocompromised patients or those with liver disease. | 1998 | 9791643 |
| detection of microbial pathogens in shellfish with multiplex pcr. | multiplex pcr amplification of uida, cth, inva, ctx, and tl genes was developed enabling simultaneous detection in shellfish of escherichia coli, an indicator of fecal contamination and microbial pathogens, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio vulnificus, v. cholerae, and v. parahaemolyticus, respectively. each of the five pairs of oligonucleotide primers was found to support pcr amplifications of only its targeted gene. the optimized multiplex pcr reaction utilized a pcr reaction buffer containing 2. ... | 1998 | 9662609 |
| randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis of starved and viable but nonculturable vibrio vulnificus cells. | vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium capable of causing a rapidly fatal infection in humans. because of the low nutrient levels and temperature fluctuations found in the organism's natural habitat, the starvation state and viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state are of particular interest. a randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) pcr protocol was developed previously for the detection of v. vulnificus strains grown in rich media and has been applied to starved and vbnc cells of v. vulnif ... | 1998 | 9687468 |
| structure determination of the capsular polysaccharide from vibrio vulnificus strain 6353. | vibrio vulnificus is a pathogenic gram-negative bacterium, endemic to brackish waters, which is often isolated from sediments, from the water column or from shellfish. it is associated with wound infections and septicemia in humans and the virulence of v. vulnificus has been strongly associated with encapsulation. the capsular polysaccharide purified from a virulent strain of v. vulnificus 6353 did not show cross reactivity with antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of a related pathogenic s ... | 1998 | 9692929 |
| endotoxin removal column containing polymyxin b immobilized fiber is useful for the treatment of the patient with vibrio vulnificus septicemia. | a case of primary septicemia due to vibrio vulnificus infection is reported. the patient was successfully treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy, drainage, and debridement of the necrotic tissues and direct hemoperfusion (dhp) using polymyxin b immobilized fiber (pmx-f). the effectiveness of dhp using pmx-f, which removes endotoxin in the circulating blood for the treatment of septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction occurring due to this fulminant infectious disease, is discussed. | 1998 | 9702324 |
| genetic relatedness among environmental, clinical, and diseased-eel vibrio vulnificus isolates from different geographic regions by ribotyping and randomly amplified polymorphic dna pcr. | genetic relationships among 132 strains of vibrio vulnificus (clinical, environmental, and diseased-eel isolates from different geographic origins, as well as seawater and shellfish isolates from the western mediterranean coast, including reference strains) were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) pcr. results were validated by ribotyping. for ribotyping, dnas were digested with kpni and hybridized with an oligonucleotide probe complementary to a highly conserved sequence in the ... | 1998 | 9726889 |
| a comparison of strategies for the detection and recovery of vibrio vulnificus from marine samples of the western mediterranean coast. | we have compared the effectiveness of culture-based methods and a dna-based method for the detection, of vibrio vulnificus from a seawater and three types of shellfish collected from the costal waters of valencia, spain. for culture-based method, we used two selective media, thiosulphate-citrate-salts-sucrose (tcbs), and cellobiose-polymyxin b-colistin (cpc) agars with and without previous enrichment in alkaline-saline-peptone-water (apws). presumptive colonies were confirmed as v. vulnificus by ... | 1998 | 9741117 |
| [recovery from septicemia caused by fecally identified vibrio vulnificus and complicated by ulcerative colitis ]. | 1998 | 9627485 | |
| vibrio vulnificus septicemia in a patient with severe aplastic anemia. | a 53-year-old man with severe aplastic anemia developed sporadic vibrio vulnificus septicemia 1 day after eating raw fish and shellfish. although v. vulnificus infection is potentially fatal, he was saved by immediate and sensitive antibiotic administration. patients with chronic hematologic disease are susceptible to infection by this organism and are prone to developing septicemia when they eat raw seafood. it is necessary for a patient with this infection to be given effective antibiotics as ... | 1998 | 9631584 |
| [vibrio vulnificus septicemia in spain]. | vibrio vulnificus is a virulent marine organism, able to contaminate sea-food. it usually produces bacteremia associated with secondary skin lesions in patients with underlying conditions, such as hepatic cirrhosis. we report a case of septic shock and characteristic skin lesions, due to vibrio vulnificus in a patient with cirrhosis, who had eaten raw oysters. the patient survived in spite of the severity of the clinical picture. we conclude that vibrio vulnificus infection must be considered in ... | 1998 | 10079541 |
| improved isolation of vibrio vulnificus from seawater and sediment with cellobiose-colistin agar. | an improved selective medium, cellobiose-colistin (cc) agar, gave a significantly higher (p < 0.05) isolation rate of vibrio vulnificus from water and sediment samples than did modified cellobiose-polymyxin b-colistin (mcpc) agar. in a total of 446 alkaline peptone water preenrichments amended with polymyxin b, v. vulnificus was isolated from 154 preenrichments (35%) with mcpc agar and from 179 preenrichments (40%) with cc agar. cc agar gave a higher plating efficiency of v. vulnificus cells tha ... | 1998 | 9572942 |
| minocycline and cefotaxime in the treatment of experimental murine vibrio vulnificus infection. | we conducted an in vivo study with the mouse model of vibrio vulnificus infection to evaluate the efficacies of therapy with minocycline or cefotaxime alone and in combination. v. vulnificus was introduced subcutaneously into the area over the right thigh. the inoculum size ranged from 1.0 x 10(3) to 1.2 x 10(8) cfu from experiment to experiment but was constant for all animals in the same experiment. antibiotics were given intraperitoneally 2 h after the bacteria were inoculated. in experiments ... | 1998 | 9624467 |
| occurrence of vibrio vulnificus biotypes in danish marine environments. | during the unusually warm summer in denmark in 1994, 11 clinical cases of vibrio vulnificus infection were reported. these reports initiated an investigation of the occurrence of v. vulnificus biotypes in danish marine environments. samples of coastal water, sediment, shellfish, and wild fish were analyzed by preenrichment in alkaline peptone water amended with polymyxin b (2.0 x 10(4) u/liter) followed by streaking onto modified cellobiose-polymyxin b-colistin agar. v. vulnificus-like colonies ... | 1998 | 9435055 |
| clinical infections of vibrio vulnificus: a case report and review of the literature. | vibrio vulnificus is a marine gram-negative bacillus that is recognized as a cause of fulminant primary septicemia and wound infections. one of the most common bacteria in seawater, v. vulnificus is concentrated in ocean filter feeders (e.g., oysters and clams). primary septicemia can occur in patients, typically with underlying liver disease, who have acquired the organism through the gastrointestinal tract after recent consumption of raw shellfish. characterized by fevers, chills, and bullous ... | 1998 | 9472762 |
| structure of a muramic acid containing capsular polysaccharide from the pathogenic strain of vibrio vulnificus atcc 27562. | vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from septicemia cases and from the environment show a wide variety of capsular types. in an attempt to find common structural features which can be correlated with pathogenicity and toxicity, we have determined structures of the capsular polysaccharides (cps) from several pathogenic strains. we report the complete structure of the polysaccharide from the pathogenic v. vulnificus strain atcc 27562 using a combination of homonuclear and heteronuclear one-dimensio ... | 1998 | 9720237 |
| identification of the vibrio cholerae type 4 prepilin peptidase required for cholera toxin secretion and pilus formation. | cholera toxin secretion is dependent upon the extracellular protein secretion apparatus encoded by the eps gene locus of vibrio cholerae. although the eps gene locus encodes several type four prepilin-like proteins, the peptidase responsible for processing these proteins has not been identified. this report describes the identification of a prepilin peptidase from the v. cholerae genomic database by virtue of its homology with the pild prepilin peptidase of pseudomonas aeruginosa. plasmid disrup ... | 1998 | 9781884 |
| necrotizing fasciitis caused by vibrio vulnificus: first published infection acquired in turkey is the second time a strain is isolated in germany. | vibrio vulnificus, a marine vibrio, has recently been recognized as a potential human pathogen. it causes human infections with mortality rates up to 60%. until 1991, most human isolations were reported from the usa, japan and taiwan. the second strain isolated in germany is documented and a significant case of v. vulnificus infection acquired in turkey is published for the first time. | 1998 | 9861568 |
| fatal sepsis from vibrio vulnificus in a hemodialyzed patient. | vibrio vulnificus, a particularly virulent halophilic vibrio, has been isolated from the blood and skin necrotic lesion of a hemodialyzed patient with sepsis. the patient has had exposure of the skin to seawater. various chronic conditions including renal failure have a great risk for developing septicemia due to v vulnificus. it is necessary to inform persons with liver diseases or immunocompromising conditions of hazards associated with the consumption of undercooked seafood and seawater expos ... | 1998 | 9496743 |
| the use of alkaline phosphatase-labelled oligonucleotide probes as culture confirmation reagents for identification of commercially important bacteria. | a range of rrna-targeted alkaline phosphatase labelled oligonucleotide probes was tested for use as culture confirmation reagents for the rapid identification of micro-organisms. the probes were specific to clinically important bacteria (helicobacter pylori and mycobacterium tuberculosis), fish and shellfish pathogens (renibacterium salmoninarum and vibrio vulnificus), food spoilage bacteria (listeria spp. and l. monocytogenes), for bacteria of biotechnological importance (streptomyces spp.) and ... | 1998 | 9750334 |
| infections due to non-o1 vibrio cholerae in southern taiwan: predominance in cirrhotic patients. | although taiwan is not an area where cholera is endemic, from october 1988 to october 1997 30 episodes of non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae infection were noted at the national cheng kung university hospital in taiwan. infections generally occurred in hot seasons, and two episodes were concomitant with vibrio vulnificus infection. three major clinical presentations were found: bacteremia with concurrent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or invasive soft-tissue infections that occurred solely in c ... | 1998 | 9798033 |
| the type iv leader peptidase/n-methyltransferase of vibrio vulnificus controls factors required for adherence to hep-2 cells and virulence in iron-overloaded mice. | vibrio vulnificus expresses a number of potential virulence determinants that may contribute to its ability to cause a severe and rapidly disseminating septicemia in susceptible hosts. we have cloned and characterized two genes encoding products related to components of the type iv pilus biogenesis and general secretory (type ii) pathways by complementation of a type iv peptidase/n-methyltransferase (pild) mutant of pseudomonas aeruginosa with a v. vulnificus genomic library. one of the genes (v ... | 1998 | 9826339 |
| heterogeneity among isolates of vibrio vulnificus recovered from eels (anguilla anguilla) in denmark. | the findings of this study demonstrate that vibrio vulnificus isolates recovered from diseased eels in denmark are heterogeneous as shown by o serovars, capsule types, ribotyping, phage typing, and plasmid profiling. the study includes 85 v. vulnificus isolates isolated from the gills, intestinal contents, mucus, spleen, and kidneys of eels during five disease outbreaks on two danish eel farms from 1995 to 1997, along with a collection of 12 v. vulnificus reference strains. the results showed th ... | 1998 | 9835548 |
| cloning and characterization of an outer membrane protein of vibrio vulnificus required for heme utilization: regulation of expression and determination of the gene sequence. | vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic, marine pathogen that has been associated with septicemia and serious wound infections in patients with iron overload and preexisting liver disease. for v. vulnificus, the ability to acquire iron from the host has been shown to correlate with virulence. v. vulnificus is able to use host iron sources such as hemoglobin and heme. we previously constructed a fur mutant of v. vulnificus which constitutively expresses at least two iron-regulated outer membrane protei ... | 1998 | 9632577 |
| enhanced broth media for selective growth of vibrio vulnificus. | rapid detection of vibrio vulnificus can be enhanced by optimizing the components of enrichment broth. pnc (5% peptone, 1% nacl, and 0.08% cellobiose [ph 8.0]) enhanced the growth of v. vulnificus compared to alkaline peptone broth. pncc (pnc with 1.0 to 4.1 u of colistin methanesulfonate per ml) increased the growth of low levels of v. vulnificus while suppressing non-target bacteria. | 1998 | 9647852 |
| [vibrio vulnificus infections]. | 1998 | 9648448 | |
| necrotizing fasciitis caused by vibrio vulnificus differs from that caused by streptococcal infection. | we reviewed the clinical record of all patients admitted to saga medical school hospital during the most recent 10 years and found that 17 (0.03%) were diagnosed as having necrotizing fasciitis. bacteriological examination demonstrated that vibrio vulnificus was the pathogen responsible in five patients (29%). the disease caused by v. vulnificus occurred in the warmer half of the year. all of the patients had underlying chronic liver dysfunction, and three of them had previously consumed raw sea ... | 1998 | 9661943 |
| vibrio vulnificus sepsis associated with coincidental diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. | 1998 | 9662287 | |
| occurrence and distribution of vibrio vulnificus in tropical fish and shellfish from cochin (india). | the incidence and distribution of vibrio vulnificus in marine and brackish-water fish and shellfish from coastal areas of cochin on the west coast of india were studied. for marine fish collected in very fresh condition from vessels, a level of incidence of 16.6% was noted. frequency of isolation was greater from the intestine than from the muscle. the greater most probable number (mpn) count determined by the three tube method ranged from 15 to 910 g-1 in the positive samples. | 1998 | 9569691 |
| virulence factors and pathogenicity of vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from seafood. | the virulence factors of vibrio vulnificus are not yet well understood. so far, many hydrolytic enzymes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this micro-organism. the present research was carried out in order to study the presence of some of these enzymes in 133 v. vulnificus strains isolated from 45 seafood samples. the results showed that 100% of these strains were positive for the production of lecithinase and lipase (tween-80), 99.2% for caseinolytic protease, 96.9% for dnase, 65.4% fo ... | 1998 | 9674127 |
| characterization of vibrio vulnificus isolated from cockles (anadara granosa): antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles and random amplification of polymorphic dna analysis. | antibiotic susceptibility, plasmid profiles and random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) were used to study strains of vibrio vulnificus isolated from cockles (anadara granosa). thirty-six isolates were analyzed. the prevalent biotypes were 1 (72.2% of the isolates) and 2 (27.8%). among these, 21 strains of biotype 1 and two strains of biotype 2 contained plasmid dna bands ranging in size from 1.4 to 9.7 mda. thirty-one (83.3%) were found to be resistant to one or more of the antimicrobial ... | 1998 | 9711850 |
| minimum inhibitory concentration of smoke wood extracts against spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms associated with foods. | antimicrobial activity of seven commercial smoke preparations (four liquid and three solid) was studied. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined against a selection of food spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms. the main smoke components were identified and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. the most effective condensate was s2. all strains except salmonella enteritidis were inhibited by s2 with an mic < 0.5-1.5%. smoke extract l2 inhibited growth of vibrio v ... | 1998 | 9722997 |
| the role of gulf coast oysters harvested in warmer months in vibrio vulnificus infections in the united states, 1988-1996. vibrio working group. | vibrio vulnificus infections are highly lethal and associated with consumption of raw shellfish and exposure of wounds to seawater. v. vulnificus infections were reported to the centers for disease control and prevention from 23 states. for primary septicemia infections, oyster trace-backs were performed and water temperature data obtained at harvesting sites. between 1988 and 1996, 422 infections were reported; 45% were wound infections, 43% primary septicemia, 5% gastroenteritis, and 7% from u ... | 1998 | 9728544 |
| cytotoxicity of vibrio vulnificus cytolysin on rat peritoneal mast cells. | histamine has been thought to be a permeability enhancing factor in vibrio vulnificus infection. the injection of living bacteria or purified v. vulnificus cytolysin (vvc) can cause lethality in mice by inducing hemoconcentration and increased vascular permeability. in the present study, we tried to identify whether histamine release causes the increased vascular permeability that is responsible for the lethal effect of vvc. treatment of rat peritoneal mast cells with high concentrations of vvc ... | 1998 | 10037218 |
| phages infecting vibrio vulnificus are abundant and diverse in oysters (crassostrea virginica) collected from the gulf of mexico. | phages infecting vibrio vulnificus were abundant (> 10(4) phages g of oyster tissue-1) throughout the year in oysters (crassostrea virginica) collected from estuaries adjacent to the gulf of mexico (apalachicola bay, fla.; mobile bay, ala.; and black bay, la.). estimates of abundance ranged from 10(1) to 10(5) phages g of oyster tissue-1 and were dependent on the bacterial strain used to assay the sample. v. vulnificus was near or below detection limits (< 0.3 cell g-1) from january through marc ... | 1998 | 9435088 |
| involvement of bradykinin generation in intravascular dissemination of vibrio vulnificus and prevention of invasion by a bradykinin antagonist. | involvement of bradykinin generation in bacterial invasion was examined by using a gram-negative bacillus, vibrio vulnificus, which is known to invade the blood circulatory system and cause septicemia. v. vulnificus was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into mice with or without bradykinin or a bradykinin (b2 receptor) antagonist. dissemination of v. vulnificus from peritoneal septic foci to the circulating blood was assessed by counting of viable bacteria in venous blood by use of the colony-fo ... | 1998 | 9453658 |
| activity of bacterial phosphomonoesterases in batch culture. | the phosphomonoesterases catalyse the hydrolysis of primary esters of phosphoric acid which help the bacteria to survive in phosphate stressed environment. ninety-five bacterial isolates were obtained from domestic sewage and industrial effluents of gelatine and soap factories at jabalpur on a medium enriched with phosphate and were screened for phosphatase production. the phosphatase producers were tentatively identified as escherichia coli, vibrio vulnificus, aeromonas hydrophila, staphylococc ... | 1998 | 9536656 |
| influence of water temperature and salinity on vibrio vulnificus in northern gulf and atlantic coast oysters (crassostrea virginica). | this study investigated the temperature and salinity parameters associated with waters and oysters linked to food-borne vibrio vulnificus infections. v. vulnificus was enumerated in oysters collected at three northern gulf coast sites and two atlantic coast sites from july 1994 through september 1995. two of these sites, black bay, la., and apalachicola bay, fla., are the source of the majority of the oysters implicated in v. vulnificus cases. oysters in all gulf coast sites exhibited a similar ... | 1998 | 9546182 |
| an epimerase gene essential for capsule synthesis in vibrio vulnificus. | the extracellular capsule polysaccharide (cps) of vibrio vulnificus is a primary virulence factor which allows survival of the bacteria in the human host. to study the genes involved in expression of the capsule, we generated mutants that lost the ability to produce cps following the insertion of a minitransposon into the genome of an encapsulated, clinical strain of v. vulnificus. a genomic region, from one nonencapsulated mutant, containing the transposon and flanking v. vulnificus dna was clo ... | 1998 | 9596722 |
| isolation of a hemin and hemoglobin binding outer membrane protein of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serogroup e). | the eel pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 (serogroup e) is able to use hemin (hm) or hemoglobin (hb) as the sole iron source for growth in vitro and in vivo. the mechanism of heme-iron acquisition in this bacterium requires a direct interaction through binding sites on the bacterial surface (constitutive outer membrane proteins). using affinity chromatography techniques, a unique protein of around 36.5 kda was isolated from cell envelopes of e86 strain regardless of the affinity ligand used, ... | 1997 | 9513263 |
| vibrio vulnificus infections: case reports and literature review. | vibrio vulnificus is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for one of the most fulminant food-borne diseases in immunocompromised hosts. the infection should be suspected in patients with underlying liver disorders who present with a prominent skin rash, hypotension and septic parameters especially if they give a history of seafood or shellfish ingestion. awareness and early recognition of this infection will result in a better outcome for the patient. | 1997 | 9494683 |
| a universal protocol for pcr detection of 13 species of foodborne pathogens in foods. | a universal protocol for pcr detection of 13 species of foodborne pathogens in foods was developed. the protocol used a universal culture medium and the same pcr conditions with 13 sets of specific primers. the 13 species of foodborne pathogens examined were escherichia coli, e. coli-etec, e. coli-o157:h7, shigella spp., salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, y. pseudotuberculosis, vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus ... | 1997 | 9449811 |
| classification of vibrio vulnificus strains by the carbohydrate composition of their capsular polysaccharides. | pathogenic bacteria are often classified on the basis of the complex polysaccharides found on the surface, usually capsular polysaccharides or lipopolysaccharides. it is common in clinical practice to use reactivity with antisera specific to the various cell surface carbohydrates for this purpose. in this work, we describe a chemotyping method for bacterial capsular polysaccharides which is based on a carbohydrate analysis of an acid hydrolysate of the capsule. high-performance anion-exchange ch ... | 1997 | 9245438 |
| thermal-death times of opaque and translucent morphotypes of vibrio vulnificus. | thermal-death times were determined for vibrio vulnificus strains with different morphotypes. opaque strains showed higher d values (times required to reduce the viable population of a given strain by 90%) than translucent strains. z values (absolute values of the temperature required to reduce 1 log scale of d values) were also significantly higher in opaque morphotypes (2.4 to 2.5 degrees c) than in translucent ones (1.7 to 2.1 degrees c). these results indicate that the morphotype is related ... | 1997 | 9251221 |
| glucan-induced disease resistance in tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). | non-specific disease resistance induced by yeast cell wall extract, beta-1,3-1,6-glucan, was demonstrated in the tiger shrimp. in this study beta-1,3-1,6-glucan was administered to shrimps by immersion before culturing and orally during the culturing period. challenge of the treated shrimps with the virulent pathogens, vibrio vulnificus and viral agents extracted from the white spot syndrome victims, yielded promising results. the tolerance of glucan-treated shrimps was slightly enhanced to stre ... | 1997 | 9270870 |
| vibrio vulnificus sepsis in a child with diamond-blackfan syndrome. | 1997 | 9271048 | |
| comparative sensitivity of 13 species of pathogenic bacteria to seven chemical germicides. | the relative resistance of diverse human bacterial pathogens to commonly used germicidal agents has not been established. | 1997 | 9276546 |
| release of tumor necrosis factor alpha in response to vibrio vulnificus capsular polysaccharide in in vivo and in vitro models. | vibrio vulnificus produces a severe septic shock syndrome in susceptible individuals. virulence of the bacterium has been closely linked to the presence of a surface-exposed acidic capsular polysaccharide (cps). to investigate whether cps plays an additional role in pathogenesis by modulating inflammatory-associated cytokine production, studies were initiated in a mouse model and followed by investigations of cytokine release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). mouse tumor nec ... | 1997 | 9284142 |
| the lipopolysaccharide o side chain of vibrio vulnificus serogroup e is a virulence determinant for eels. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium capable of producing septicemic infections in eels and immunocompromised humans. two biotypes are classically recognized, with the virulence for eels being specific to strains belonging to biotype 2, which constitutes a homogeneous lipopolysaccharide (lps)-based o serogroup (which we have designated serogroup e). in the present study we demonstrated that the o side chain of this lps determines the selective virulence of biotype 2 for eels: (i) bioty ... | 1997 | 9169795 |
| vibrio vulnificus infection reporting on death certificates: the invisible impact of an often fatal infection. | this study assessed accuracy of (a) recording vibrio vulnificus infection on death certificates and (b) international classification of disease (icd)-9 codes for v. vulnificus. patients with microbiologically confirmed v. vulnificus infection were identified as part of co-ordinated surveillance in four usa gulf coast states between 1989 and 1993. of 60 deaths, 51 death certificates were reviewed and v. vulnificus was recorded as the immediate cause of death on 11 (22%). there was no icd-9 code f ... | 1997 | 9207732 |
| vibrio vulnificus infection: an important cause of septicemia in patients with cirrhosis. | vibrio vulnificus, a virulent gram-negative organism, is a normal inhabitant of coastal waters, including the gulf of mexico. vibrio vulnificus infection has been recognized as a cause of fatal septicemia in chronically ill patients, particularly those with chronic liver disease. we report the case of a patient with chronic liver disease who had v vulnificus septicemia 2 days after eating raw oysters harvested in the gulf coast. vibrio vulnificus septicemia should be suspected in all patients wi ... | 1997 | 9347818 |
| functional domains of a zinc metalloprotease from vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen causing wound infection and septicemia, secretes a 45-kda metalloprotease (v. vulnificus protease; vvp). a plasmid which carries the entire vvp gene subcloned into pbluescriptiiks+ was transformed into escherichia coli dh5alpha for overproduction of the protease. the 45-kda recombinant protease (rvvp) was isolated from the periplasmic fraction of the transformant by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by column chromatography on phenyl sepha ... | 1997 | 9393733 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of aeromonas hydrophila serogroup o:19. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed for the detection of aeromonas hydrophila serogroup o:19 isolated from epizootics in eels. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specificity was confirmed after testing a. hydrophila o:19 and non-o:19 strains from different origins, as well as other aeromonas species and other fish pathogens such as vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, v. furnisii, v. damsela, yersinia ruckerii and edwardsiella tarda. the detection limits for a. hydrophila o:19 cel ... | 1997 | 9418247 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2: development and field studies. | vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is a primary eel pathogen which constitutes a lipopolysaccharide (lps)-based homogeneous o serogroup within the species. in the present work, we have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on the specificity of lps for the detection of this pathogen. the elisa specificity was confirmed after testing 36 biotype 2 strains from laboratory cultures and environmental samples, 31 clinical and environmental biotype 1 isolates, and several strains of vib ... | 1997 | 9023934 |
| pulmonary damage by vibrio vulnificus cytolysin. | 1997 | 9119507 | |
| [primary vibrio vulnificus septicemia. 1st documented case in the french west indies]. | vibrio vulnificus is a non-choleric halophilic vibrion widely distributed in marine environments. contamination in humans is uncommon except in coastal areas of the united states and asia. we report the first documented case in the french west indies. | 1997 | 9122138 |
| comparison of ribotyping and randomly amplified polymorphic dna pcr for characterization of vibrio vulnificus. | a total of 85 isolates of vibrio vulnificus were characterized by ribotyping with a probe complementary to 16s and 23s rrna of escherichia coli and by randomly amplified polymorphic dna-pcr (rapd-pcr) with a 10-mer oligonucleotide primer. the rapd-pcr results were scanned, and the images were analyzed with a computer program. ribotype membranes were evaluated visually. both the ribotyping and the rapd-pcr results showed that the collection of strains was genetically very heterogeneous. ribotypin ... | 1997 | 9143101 |
| evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction method for identification of vibrio vulnificus isolated from marine environments. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for identification of vibrio vulnificus in the marine environment was evaluated by comparing it to both the conventional and dna-dna hybridization methods. of 13,325 isolates obtained from seawater and sediment samples, and oyster and goby specimens collected from the coastal waters of tokyo bay, japan, only 61 isolates were identified as v. vulnificus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and the amplification of the cytotoxin-hemolysin gene by th ... | 1997 | 10465047 |
| in situ analysis of nucleic acids in cold-induced nonculturable vibrio vulnificus. | low-temperature-induced nonculturable cells of the human pathogenic bacterium vibrio vulnificus retained significant amounts of nucleic acids for more than 5 months. upon permeabilization of fixed cells, however, an increasing number of cold-incubated cells released the nucleic acids. this indicates substantial degradation of dna and rna in nonculturable cells prior to fixation. treatment of permeabilized cells with dnase and rnase allowed differential staining of dna and rna with the nucleic ac ... | 1997 | 9212422 |
| distribution of vibrio vulnificus phage in oyster tissues and other estuarine habitats. | phages lytic to vibrio vulnificus were found in estuarine waters, sediments, plankton, crustacea, molluscan shellfish, and the intestines of finfish of the u.s. gulf coast, but no apparent relationship between densities of v. vulnificus and its phages was observed. phage diversity and abundance in molluscan shellfish were much greater than in other habitats. v. vulnificus phages isolated from oysters did not lyse other mesophilic bacteria also isolated from oysters. both v. vulnificus and its ph ... | 1997 | 9172370 |
| cloning and characterization of the gene (empv) encoding extracellular metalloprotease from vibrio vulnificus. | a gene (empv) encoding the extracellular metalloprotease of vibrio vulnificus ckm-1 has been cloned and sequenced. when the empv gene was expressed in minicells, a unique peptide of approx. 46 kda was identified. protease activity staining experiments also indicated a similar m(r) for the protease. the empv gene product (empv) is secreted into the periplasm of escherichia coli, but not out of it. the crude enzyme prepared from the periplasmic fraction of recombinant e. coli was inhibited by a me ... | 1997 | 9168122 |
| effects of extracellular products of vibrio vulnificus on acanthopagrus schlegeli serum components in vitro and in vivo. | a vibrio strain ls001, originally isolated from a body surface lesion of a moribund black porgy (acanthopagrus schlegeli) in 1994 in taiwan, was identified as vibrio vulnificus. the extracellular products (ecp) of the strain were lethal to the fish, and its effects on fish serum in vitro and in vivo are described in the present study. nine major precipitation arcs were visualized in normal fish serum in a crossed immunoelectrophoresis (cie) gel using rabbit antiserum to the fish normal serum and ... | 1997 | 9670552 |
| detection of two isotypically different antibodies produced by a murine hybridoma. | a hybridoma, f31p46b, secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) comprised of mu and gamma heavy chains in association with a single kappa light chain, has been characterized. this hybridoma was prepared by fusing splenocytes, derived from a balb/c mouse immunized with vibrio vulnificus and sp2/o-ag-14 mouse myeloma cells. the specificity of this hybridoma was determined by elisa screening on a large number of bacterial strains. hybridoma cells of f31p46b were cloned by limiting dilution to an avera ... | 1997 | 9145323 |
| mouse skin damage caused by a recombinant extracellular metalloprotease from vibrio vulnificus and by v. vulnificus infection. | vibrio vulnificus wound infection is characterized by an intense acute cellulitis which spreads along the subcutaneous tissue with severe tissue destruction. toxins produced by the bacteria appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of skin necrosis and to facilitate microbial dissemination in vivo. we report microscopic studies of mouse skin damage caused by a single intradermal injection of v. vulnificus or of an extracellular metalloprotease isolated from this organism. the gene encoding this ... | 1997 | 9308319 |
| evidence that mortality from vibrio vulnificus infection results from single strains among heterogeneous populations in shellfish. | vibrio vulnificus is the leading cause of food-related mortality reported in the state of florida. it is normal microflora in marine environments, where seawater and molluscan shellfish are the primary vectors of v. vulnificus disease. risk correlates with seasonally high numbers of v. vulnificus bacteria during the summer months. currently, the infectious dose for humans, as well as whether the disease is caused by single or multiple strains found in molluscan shellfish, is unknown. in this wor ... | 1997 | 9230389 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a novel hemolysin gene (vlly) from vibrio vulnificus. | a gene (vlly) encoding a novel hemolysin of vibrio vulnificus ckm-1 has been cloned and sequenced. when the vlly gene was expressed in minicells, a unique peptide of approximately 40 kda was identified. subcellular fractionation of escherichia coli cells carrying the vlly gene indicated that the vlly protein was distributed in both the cytoplasmic and the periplasmic fractions, with the notable ability to appear in the latter compartment. nucleotide sequence analysis predicted a single open read ... | 1997 | 9327548 |
| prevention of vibrio vulnificus infections. assessment of regulatory educational strategies. | vibrio vulnificus-related disease caused by eating contaminated raw oysters prompted california to implement regulatory educational initiatives in 1991. | 1997 | 9268279 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of vibrio vulnificus: proposal for the substitution of the subspecific taxon biotype for serovar. | the classification of vibrio vulnificus strains into two biotypes has been maintained on the basis of phenotypic properties and eel virulence. biotype 2 is virulent for eels, negative for the indole reaction, and serologically homogeneous (serogroup e), whereas strains of biotype 1 are avirulent, indole positive, and serologically heterogeneous. in the present study, we phenotypically and genotypically characterized 21 v. vulnificus isolates, recovered mainly from northern europe, by comparing t ... | 1997 | 9097444 |
| in vitro synergism between cefotaxime and minocycline against vibrio vulnificus. | we conducted time-kill studies to evaluate the inhibitory activities of either cefotaxime or minocycline alone and the two drugs in combination against a clinical strain of vibrio vulnificus. the mics of cefotaxime and minocycline were 0.03 and 0.06 microg/ml, respectively. when approximately 5 x 10(5) cfu of v. vulnificus per ml was incubated with cefotaxime at 0.03 or 0.05 microg/ml, the bacterial growth was inhibited during the initial 2 and 8 h, respectively. thereafter, v. vulnificus regrew ... | 1997 | 9333050 |
| characterization of a mutant of vibrio vulnificus for heme utilization. | vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen, can obtain iron from a variety of heme proteins. this process involves the digestion of heme proteins by an exoprotease to liberate protoheme (iron-protoporphyrin ix). in the present study, we isolated and characterized a mutant for protoheme utilization. one mutant isolated by treatment with a chemical mutagen was shown to be unable to use either protoheme or heme proteins, but multiplied in a medium supplemented with an iron siderophore, such ... | 1997 | 9066118 |
| molecular typing of vibrio vulnificus isolates by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. | this study was undertaken to determine molecular types and genetic similarity among v. vulnificus isolates by rapd analysis. we compared these results with serotypes of v. vulnificus. ninety-seven v. vulnificus strains including 69 strains from chonnam university hospital (cuh; kwangju, korea), 13 from wonkwang university hospital (wuh; iksan, korea), 13 from the japanese national institute of health (jnih) and two reference strains (atcc 33815 and atcc 27562) were analyzed. four molecular types ... | 1997 | 9556752 |
| some properties of nicked vibrio vulnificus hemolysin. | vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen, secretes the 50 kda single-chain hemolysin. when incubated with an exocellular protease from this vibrio, the 50 kda hemolysin was cleaved in some peptides joined with the disulfide bond(s); the 40 kda fragment and the small fragment(s) undetectable in sds-page. the nicked hemolysin induced comparable hemolysis through the same process as that of the intact toxin. however, the nicked hemolysin was found to be more stable against inactivation du ... | 1997 | 9344784 |
| [infection by vibrio vulnificus after a prick from from the spine of a tilapia]. | vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium living in warm salty water that produces a spectrum of human disease which may progress to devastating, sometimes fatal infections in susceptible individuals. such infections have rarely been reported in israel. however, over the past few months we have been seeing a sharp increase in v. vulnificus infections with a common history of injury to extremities by the sharp spines of tilapia zillii, ("amnon" or st. peter's fish). clinical suspicion and pr ... | 1997 | 9418316 |
| cellular fatty acid profiles of ninety-five strains of vibrio vulnificus isolated from clinical specimens in korea. | there have been many reports of primary vibrio vulnificus septicemia in korea since 1987. this study was undertaken to determine the cellular fatty acid (cfa) compositions of 95 clinical strains of v. vulnificus isolated in korea during 1985-1995. we compared these results with the cfa profile of v. vulnificus in the microbial identification system (mis) (clin library version 3.9; microbial id inc., newark, de, u.s.a.), and the grouping of v. vulnificus by cfa analysis was also performed. the re ... | 1997 | 12501302 |
| resuscitation of vibrio vulnificus from the viable but nonculturable state. | like many other gram-negative bacteria, the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus is induced into a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state by incubation at low temperatures. the ability of any bacterium to resuscitate from this dormant state would appear to be essential if the vbnc state is truly a survival strategy. the question as to whether the culturable cells which appear following removal of the inducing stress are a result of true resuscitation or of regrowth of a few residual culturable cells ... | 1997 | 16535534 |