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conditions for high pressure inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters.the objective of this study was to identify the high pressure processing conditions (pressure level, time, and temperature) needed to achieve a 5-log reduction of vibrio parahaemolyticus in live oysters (crassostrea virginica). ten strains of v. parahaemolyticus were separately tested for their resistances to high pressure. the two most pressure-resistant strains were then used as a cocktail to represent baro-tolerant environmental strains. to evaluate the effect of temperature on pressure inact ...200818547664
challenges associated with heterologous expression of flavobacterium psychrophilum proteins in escherichia coli.a two-parameter statistical model was used to predict the solubility of 96 putative virulence-associated proteins of flavobacterium psychrophilum (csf259-93) upon over expression in escherichia coli. this analysis indicated that 88.5% of the f. psychrophilum proteins would be expressed as insoluble aggregates (inclusion bodies). these solubility predictions were verified experimentally by colony filtration blot for six different f. psychrophilum proteins. a comprehensive analysis of codon usage ...200818551344
type iii secretion system 1 genes in vibrio parahaemolyticus are positively regulated by exsa and negatively regulated by exsd.vibrio parahaemolyticus harbours two distinct type iii secretion systems (t3ss1 and t3ss2). a subset of 10 t3ss1 genes are transcribed when v. parahaemolyticus is grown in tissue culture medium [dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (dmem)], while transcription of these genes (except exsd) is minimal upon growth in luria-bertani-salt (lb-s). transcription of t3ss1 genes and cytotoxicity towards hela cells was prevented by deletion of exsa while complementation with exsa restored these traits. overe ...200818554322
genetic analyses of the putative o and k antigen gene clusters of pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus.pandemic v. parahaemolyticus strains have rapidly changed their serotypes, but its determinants, especially k antigen, and the genes involved in serotype have been an open question. the purpose of this study was to gain insights into these points. although v. parahaemolyticus is known to be lacking o-side chain on its lipopolysaccharide, and o antigens are thought to be represented by core os, the genome sequence of v. parahaemolyticus o3:k6 strain rimd2210633 suggests that this bacterium potent ...200818557895
evaluation and validation of a pulsenet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for subtyping vibrio parahaemolyticus: an international multicenter collaborative study.the pandemic spread of vibrio parahaemolyticus is an international public health issue. because of the outbreak potential of the organism, it is critical to establish an internationally recognized molecular subtyping protocol for v. parahaemolyticus that is both rapid and robust as a means to monitor its further spread and to guide control measures in combination with epidemiologic data. here we describe the results of a multicenter, multicountry validation of a new pulsenet international standa ...200818579720
molecular analysis of the emergence of pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus is abundant in the aquatic environment particularly in warmer waters and is the leading cause of seafood borne gastroenteritis worldwide. prior to 1995, numerous v. parahaemolyticus serogroups were associated with disease, however, in that year an o3:k6 serogroup emerged in southeast asia causing large outbreaks and rapid hospitalizations. this new highly virulent strain is now globally disseminated.200818590559
detection of a functional insertion sequence responsible for deletion of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) in vibrio parahaemolyticus.the thermostable direct hemolysin coded by the tdh gene is a marker of virulent strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus. the tdh genes are flanked by insertion sequences collectively named as isvs or their remnants; but the isvs so far examined have accumulated mutations in the transposase genes and underwent structural arrangements and their transposition activity could not be expected; the tdh gene was thus considered to have been acquired by v. parahaemolyticus through horizontal transfer in the p ...200818598741
the crystal structure of a sodium galactose transporter reveals mechanistic insights into na+/sugar symport.membrane transporters that use energy stored in sodium gradients to drive nutrients into cells constitute a major class of proteins. we report the crystal structure of a member of the solute sodium symporters (sss), the vibrio parahaemolyticus sodium/galactose symporter (vsglt). the approximately 3.0 angstrom structure contains 14 transmembrane (tm) helices in an inward-facing conformation with a core structure of inverted repeats of 5 tm helices (tm2 to tm6 and tm7 to tm11). galactose is bound ...200818599740
enteric bacteria isolated from acute diarrheal patients in the republic of korea between the year 2004 and 2006.in an epidemiological survey of human enterobacterial infections in the republic of korea during three years from 2004 to 2006, we isolated 1,784 (6.2%, isolation rate of enteropathogens from stool samples) in 2004, 2,547 (9.5%) in 2005 and 3,506 bacteria (12.3%) from people who visited clinics. among the isolated bacteria, pathogenic escherichia coli, especially, eaec was the most frequently identified pathogen in both urban and rural regions followed by staphylococcus aureus, salmonella specie ...200818604503
extraintestinal vibrio infections in mauritius.few extraintestinal vibrio infections have been reported in the african region. we report 3 cases from mauritius: one case of vibrio alginolyticus otitis externa; one case of soft tissue infection caused by non-o1 vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus; and one fatal case of non-o1 v. cholerae cellulitis and septicaemia.200819745511
selection of lactic acid bacteria from fermented plant beverages to use as inoculants for improving the quality of the finished product.lactic acid bacteria (lab) from fermented plant beverages were selected based on their antibacterial actions against potential food borne pathogenic bacteria (staphylococcus aureus psscmi 0004, escherichia coli psscmi 0001, salmonella typhimurium psscmi 0034 and vibrio parahaemolyticus vp 4). antibacterial activities were measured using an agar spot method. the lactobacillus plantarum w90a strain isolated from a wild forest noni (morinda coreia ham) beverage was used as an inoculant. three diffe ...200819260331
[rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus by taqman-based real-time pcr assay targeting the toxr gene].we designed a pair of specific primers and a taqman fluorescent probe targeting the toxr gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp). after optimizing the conditions, the specialty, sensitivity and reproducibility of the detection method were evaluated. results: (1) the developed real-time pcr assay protocol detected only vp and was not affected by other normal food pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus, salmonela, listeria monocytogenes. (2) the limit of detection was 25 copies of toxr gene in the d ...200819149202
genetic diversity among norwegian vibrio parahaemolyticus.to examine the variability among environmental vibrio parahaemolyticus (including trh+ isolates) from norway, and to compare these to clinical isolates and isolates from imported foods.200819120665
application of photostable quantum dots for indirect immunofluorescent detection of specific bacterial serotypes on small marine animals.an indirect immunofluorescence approach was developed using semiconductor quantum dot nanocrystals to label and detect a specific bacterial serotype of the bacterial human pathogen vibrio parahaemolyticus, attached to small marine animals (i.e.-ábenthic harpacticoid copepods), which are suspected pathogen carriers. this photostable labeling method using nanotechnology will potentially allow specific serotypes of other bacterial pathogens to be detected with high sensitivity in a range of systems ...200821825777
corticosteroids in homeostasis. 20082683585
corticosteroids in homeostasis. 20082683585
[measurement of orthodontic appliance force using prototype sensors].in introductory remarks the most important biomechanical principles, which are relevant for the research, and conditions which must be satisfied presented in intraoral measuring of orthodontic forces were pointed out. first the aim of the research was defined, and then the investigation of mechanical properties of acrylics as a material for orthodontic appliances were carried out. the type of strain gauges, bonds and measuring system configurations, as well as measuring amplifiers and recording ...20082635572
arthritis disability, depression, and life satisfaction among black elderly people.this study examined the correlates of arthritis disorder in a sample of black elderly people in nashville, tennessee. more specifically, both the presence of arthritis and its severity were examined with regard to level of depression and life satisfaction, particularly in the areas of family life, social support, and leisure activities. data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 600 black elderly people residing in the community. the sample had more females (70 percent) than males ...20082276687
[clinical study of osteoporosis]. 20082614196
contempo '90. 20082329645
health care in the united states. our dynamic jigsaw puzzle. 20082405797
evolution of dialytic therapy. 20082680258
continuous hemodiafiltration in children.continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration is a form of renal replacement therapy whereby small molecular weight solutes and water are removed from the blood via convection, alleviating fluid overload and, to a degree, azotemia. it has been used in many adults and several children. however, in patients with multisystem organ dysfunction and acute renal failure, continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration alone may not be sufficient for control of azotemia; intermittent hemodialysis or peritoneal dialys ...20082330246
skin cancer among atom bomb survivors. 20082566809
cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.eight patients with cystic neoplasms of the pancreas were seen at four northern california hospitals between the years 1978 and 1986. three of the tumors were benign and five were malignant. three females, whose average age was 61 years, had cystadenomas. three females and two males, whose average age was 48 years, had mucinous cystadenocarcinomas. clinical presentations were similar among all patients. abdominal pain was a prominent feature. anorexia, weight loss, nausea and vomiting with a pal ...20082446398
enhanced net mass transfer of hdl cholesteryl esters to apo b-containing lipoproteins in patients with peripheral vascular disease.in vitro net mass transfer of hdl cholesteryl ester to apolipoprotein (apo) b-containing lipoproteins (hdl-cet) was found to be nearly twofold higher in plasma from 35 male patients with peripheral vascular disease compared to the values of 27 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (p less than 0.001). differences in hdl-cet were predominantly observed between normolipidemic patients and controls, and were also demonstrable in pairs of patients and controls with similar hdl cholesterol, vldl + ld ...20082612001
criteria that discriminate between native proteins and incorrectly folded models.various theoretical concepts, such as free energy potentials, electrostatic interaction potentials, atomic packing, solvent-exposed surface, and surface charge distribution, were tested for their ability to discriminate between native proteins and misfolded protein models. misfolded models were constructed by introducing incorrect side chains onto polypeptide backbones: side chains of the alpha-helical hemerythrin were modeled on the beta-sheeted backbone of immunoglobulin vl domain, whereas tho ...20083186690
[diabetes in the works of a piedmontese physician--g. f. arma da chivasso--of the 16th century]. 20082519496
paraproteins and primary lymphoma in sjl mice. ii. primary lymphomas do not produce paraprotein.the incidences of ig paraprotein (pp) and reticulum cell sarcomas (lymphomas) were studied in a group of 75 sjl mice, 9-11 months of age. pp and lymphoma were observed in 52% of the mice. pp alone was observed in an additional 27% and lymphoma alone in an additional 11% of mice. in attempts to establish a causal relationship between lymphomas and pp, three approaches were used: (a) serum pp levels were followed during lymphoma growth in primary lymphoma bearing mice and found to decrease rather ...20082383902
characterization of a hot-melt fluid bed coating process for fine granules.the equipment modifications and process changes necessary to perform hot-melt particle coating in a fluid bed granulator are reviewed. a specific case is presented in which partially hydrogenated cottonseed oil is coated onto fine granules (mean particle size, 77 microns; range, 10-150 microns; one standard deviation is 10 microns) composed of a hydrophobic drug and sucrose. the major variables were product bed temperature, temperature of the wax, spray rate, and atomization air pressure. the pr ...20082293209
nasal mucosal temperature and the effect of acute infective rhinitis.nasal mucosal temperature was measured in 71 healthy subjects with an electronic thermometer. no correlation was found between the nasal mucosal temperature and age or sex. an increased mucosal temperature was found in patients with acute rhinitis, an effect which is supposed to assist in the defence system against microorganisms. when measuring nasal mucosal temperature over a 7-h period at the same time as nasal airway resistance, there was no correlation between these factors, indicating that ...20082612033
[a case of posttraumatic cerebral air embolism].we report a case of cerebral air embolism that occurred after chest trauma. the diagnosis was confirmed by ct and skull roentgenogram which demonstrated air bubbles in intracranial arteries. it is well recognized that cerebral air embolism is caused by various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and trauma. but it may often be overlooked because it is diagnosed clinically and there are no characteristic symptoms nor signs. although various ways of treatment have been reported, prevention and ...20082586716
effect of replacing glucose with lipid on the energy metabolism of newborn infants.1. indirect calorimetry and primed constant infusion of [u-13c]glucose were combined in 28 appropriate-for-gestational age newborn, parenterally fed infants, in order to measure glucose utilization and glucose oxidation and to estimate lipogenesis from glucose. 2. the infants were randomly allocated to either a group receiving glucose as the non-protein energy source or a group having one-quarter of the glucose energy replaced by intravenous fat. the energy intake (370 kj day-1 kg-1) and protein ...20082736877
effect of replacing glucose with lipid on the energy metabolism of newborn infants.1. indirect calorimetry and primed constant infusion of [u-13c]glucose were combined in 28 appropriate-for-gestational age newborn, parenterally fed infants, in order to measure glucose utilization and glucose oxidation and to estimate lipogenesis from glucose. 2. the infants were randomly allocated to either a group receiving glucose as the non-protein energy source or a group having one-quarter of the glucose energy replaced by intravenous fat. the energy intake (370 kj day-1 kg-1) and protein ...20082736877
[state of the valvular function of the cardia in patients with duodenal ulcer before and after vagotomy and methods of its correction].the authors studied the valvular function of the cardia in 714 patients who were kept under regular medical observation and in 138 patients who had been operated on for duodenal ulcer. changes were found in the cardia of 9.4% of patients who underwent regular medical examination and in 17% of these subjected to operation. the valvular function of the cardia was impaired after vagotomy in all cases. fundoesophagocrurorhaphy is the best method for correction of cardiac dysfunction.20082593570
palatal myoclonus associated with extremity tremor.palatal myoclonus associated with extremity movements such as myoclonus or tremor is uncommon and reports are rare. five patients with palatal myoclonus and a rest tremor are presented. in four patients, a slow rest tremor (3 hz or less) was present. the tremor persisted on sustained posture and finger-to-nose maneuvers and was usually not synchronous with the palatal movements. it was not associated with clinical manifestations of parkinson's disease and occurred in conjunction with brain-stem ...20082614493
quest. nt's educational supplement. 20082771684
on the kinetic depth effect.the problem of the kinetic depth effect is revisited. we study how many points in how many views are necessary and sufficient to recover structure. the constraints in the cases where the velocities of the image points are known, and the positions of the image points are known with the correspondence between them established, are different and they have to be studied separately. in the case of two projections of any number of points there are infinitely many solutions, but if we regularize the pr ...20082719982
alumina as stationary phase for ion chromatography and column-coupling techniques.columns packed with alumina were combined with common anion-exchange columns and applied to the ion chromatographic determination of sulphate in brines and biological fluids and for the trace determination of iodide in mineral waters and fruit juice samples. alumina was found to be a highly selective stationary phase for the preconcentration of sulphate from complex matrices. further, owing to its selectivity, which is different from that of r4n+-type anion-exchange materials, it is well suited ...20082600151
the need to reform indigent care. 20082577825
minimizing the risk of oral aluminium exposure in chronic renal failure. 20082680268
effect of neuroleptics on positive and negative symptoms and the deficit state.the concept of negative symptoms tries to operationalize a deficit syndrome observed in schizophrenia, but also in other disorders. the instruments for the measurement developed so far are unclear in their dimensional structure and validity. further methodological development is needed. a new scale for measuring negative symptoms was derived from the amdp-system and applied to results of drug trials with clozapine, fluperlapine, and haloperidol. the three drugs were equally effective on negative ...20082573105
maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase involved in c4 photosynthesis: nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5' flanking region of the gene.to clone the genomic dna fragment containing the putative promoter region of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase [ec 4.1.1.31] involved in c4 photosynthesis (c4-type pepc), maize genomic libraries were screened. on probing with a 384-bp fragment from the n-terminal coding region of the maize cdna for c4-type pepc, four ecori-fragments differing in the restriction map were cloned, reflecting the presence of a small gene family. southern blot analyses were carried out on the genomic dna a ...20082628434
[post-traumatic intracavernous aneurysms. 2 cases].the authors describe two cases of post-traumatic aneurysms of the intracavernous carotid artery. they analyze the difficulties they have encountered during direct approach. direct cure was impossible for the first patient because of the arterial wall dilaceration. in the second case, the aneurysm has been treated upon by stitching. a second operation with injection of biological glue into the cavernous sinus was required because of the secondary formation of a carotido-cavernous fistula in front ...20083374725
two distinct areas of unequal crossingover within the steroid 21-hydroxylase genes produce absence of cyp21b.we mapped crossover sites in chimeric, recombinant cyp21 genes from six patients with salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia (cah). nucleotide sequences unique to the cyp21a pseudogene or to the active cyp21b gene were mapped using gene-specific restriction sites and oligonucleotide hybridizations. each chimeric cyp21 gene in the cyp21-deletion linked haplotypes contained sequences near the 5' end that were characteristic of cyp21a and only a single transition from sequences of cyp21a to tho ...20082613228
[arthroscopic surgery of the knee joint cartilage].the arthroscopic surgery of articular cartilage of the knee is beside conservative therapy and invasive surgical procedures an important enrichment in treatment of chondromalacia stage ii and iii. in the department of surgery of the municipal hospital of berlin-weissensee 3250 arthroscopic operations were performed between january 1983 and december 1988. in 227 patients chondromalacia stage ii and iii was found which had to be treated by arthroscopic surgery. four different operation methods wer ...20082386466
[therapy of ulcer recurrence after vagotomy of oxyntic cells with sucralfate].several methods of treatment have been proposed for the recurrences of peptic ulcers after surgery; they consist of different forms of re-operation, medical treatment (h2 receptors antagonists, cytoprotectors, etc...). first, it is convenient to establish the cause of the recurrence and to rule out the presence of hypersecretory conditions, as inadequate previous surgery or a non identified gastrinoma. because of the enhancing effect of the cytoprotective drugs on the defense mechanisms of the m ...20082346677
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium mobilization is localized in xenopus oocytes.injection of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (ins(1,4,5)p3) into the animal pole of xenopus oocytes induced membrane depolarization due to the internal mobilization of calcium, which activates a chloride conductance. repetitive injections of ins(1,4,5)p3 results in desensitization probably as a result of depletion of the internal store of calcium. desensitization was restricted to the region surrounding the site of injection. injection of ins(1,4,5)p3 at one position induced desensitization, which ...20082575752
mucilaginous plants and their uses in medicine.throughout the world but especially in the tropical and subtropical zones, there are succulent and non-succulent plants which harbor readily releasable mucilage in their tissues, on the surface of their seeds or in their bark. this mucilage may have diverse practical uses. among these, it functions as a healing agent, casually or in the practice of traditional-folk or conventional medicine. the mucilage of some of these plants is well known to science and has been studied by pharmacologists and ...20082214811
[re-evaluation of the improved double eyelid surgery using the suture and ligation method]. 20082397442
preparation and use of media for protease-producing bacterial strains based on by-products from cuttlefish (sepia officinalis) and wastewaters from marine-products processing factories.cuttlefish powder (cfp) from sepia officinalis by-products was prepared and tested as a fermentation substrate for microbial growth and protease production by several species of bacteria: bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus cereus bg1, and vibrio parahaemolyticus. all microorganisms studied grew well and produced protease activity when cultivated in medium containing only cfp indicating that the strains can obtain their carbon and nitrogen source requireme ...200816962303
purification and characterization of a lectin from the banana shrimp fenneropenaeus merguiensis hemolymph.a lectin from the hemolymph of the banana shrimp fenneropenaeus merguiensis was purified by affinity chromatography on a fetuin-agarose column following by gel filtration on a superose-12 column. the native molecular mass of purified f. merguiensis lectin (fml) determined by gel filtration was 316.2 kda and its carbohydrate content was estimated to be 4.4%. by sds-page analysis, purified fml consisted of 32.3 kda and 30.9 kda subunits. these data suggest that this lectin is an oligomer. two-dime ...200716934939
vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus necrotising fasciitis in fishermen visiting an estuarine tropical northern australian location.three cases of severe necrotising fasciitis due to vibrio vulnificus (two cases) and vibrio parahaemolyticus (one case, fatal), have occurred in caucasian tourists while fishing at a remote tropical northern australian estuarine area. infections were acquired over a 4-year period during the tourist fishing season (april to july 2000-2003), when water temperatures range from 23 to 30 degrees c. they are notable for their geographical clustering in the remote western aspect of the gulf of carpenta ...200716890991
the first outbreak of acute diarrhea due to a pandemic strain of vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 in kolkata, india. 200716793305
isolation and characterization of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus from diseased post-larvae of abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta.mass mortality among the post-larvae of cultured abalone haliotis diversicolor supertexta has occurred on the south coast of china since 2002. the diseased abalone are generally 10 to 30 days old, and typical signs of the disease include them turning white in colour and falling off the diatom films on which they were cultured. among sixteen different motile bacteria isolated from the diseased post-larvae, four were identified as vibrio parahaemolyticus on the basis of biochemical characteristics ...200717304623
comparison of different primers for rapid detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus using the polymerase chain reaction.the aim of this study was to compare different primers for rapid and effective detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction (pcr).200717309499
o3:k6 serotype of vibrio parahaemolyticus identical to the global pandemic clone associated with diarrhea in peru.to determine if the vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 global pandemic clone has spread into peru.200717321179
occurrence of vibrio spp. in blue mussels (mytilus edulis) from the german wadden sea.the present study aimed at determining the contamination of blue mussels grown in germany with relevant bacterial organisms. seasonal variations were examined. for that purpose, mussel samples were taken regularly between june 2004 and may 2005 in seven shellfish-growing areas of the german wadden sea. a total of 90 samples were analysed. the analysis included the compulsory microbiological parameters escherichia coli and salmonella spp., as well as the determination of the contamination with vi ...200717331605
purification and characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus extracellular chitinase and chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase involved in the production of heterodisaccharide from chitin.a chitin-degrading bacterial strain, kn1699, isolated from yatsu dry beach (narashino, chiba prefecture, japan), was identified as vibrio parahaemolyticus. treatment of powdered chitin with crude enzyme solution prepared from the supernatant of kn1699 cultures yielded a disaccharide, beta-d-n-acetylglucosaminyl-(1,4)-d-glucosamine (glcnac-glcn), as the primary chitin degradation product. the extracellular enzymes involved in the production of this heterodisaccharide, chitinase (pa-chi; molecular ...200717334758
evaluation of a tissue culture-based approach for differentiating between virulent and avirulent vibrio parahaemolyticus strains based on cytotoxicity.the ability of only a subset of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains to cause human infection underscores the need for an analytical method that can effectively differentiate between pathogenic strains and those that do not cause disease. we tested the feasibility of a tissue culture-based assay to determine whether clinical isolates could be differentiated from nonclinical isolates based on relative isolate cytopathogenicity. to screen for cytotoxic capability, we measured relative extracellular lac ...200717340868
effects of heat-degraded sugars on survival and growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus and other bacteria.we studied the effects of autoclaved (121 degrees c, 15 min) sugar solutions on the survival and growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus and other bacteria. the growth and survival of v. parahaemolyticus in luria-bertani media and phosphate buffer, respectively, were inhibited by the addition of d-glucose autoclaved in ph 8.0 phosphate buffer. the bactericidal effect of autoclaved d-glucose was very small when autoclaved in ph 7.0 phosphate buffer, but larger effects were observed when autoclaved in t ...200717340871
expression, characterization and immunogenicity of a major outer membrane protein from vibrio alginolyticus.vibrio alginolyticus is one of the vibrio pathogens common to humans and marine animals. during infection and induction of the host immune response, outer membrane proteins of bacteria play an important role. in this study, an outer membrane protein gene (ompw) was cloned from v. alginolyticus and expressed in escherichia coli. the 645 bp open reading frame (orf) encodes a protein of 214 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 23.3 kda. the amino acid sequence showed a high iden ...200717342258
profile of acute immune response in chinese amphioxus upon staphylococcus aureus and vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.amphioxus is traditionally considered as the living invertebrate most closely related to vertebrate. however, no systematic study was performed about how the amphioxus defends against the microbial invasion. here we reported a profile of gene transcription after staphylococcus aureus (s.c) and vibrio parahaemolyticus (v.p) challenged by suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh). when compared with mammals, amphioxus has the same acute immune defense genes (lectins, metalloproteinase, lysozymes ...200717343913
variability of properties of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from individual patients.infections by strains belonging to the o3:k6 pandemic clone of vibrio parahaemolyticus are prevalent in southern thailand, and serovariants of these strains have also been detected. v. parahaemolyticus strains lacking important virulence genes (tdh and trh) were isolated from 6.5 to 10.9% of clinical specimens during the period from 2000 to 2003. in order to understand whether changes to the characteristics of v. parahaemolyticus occur during infection, 10 isolates collected from each of 63 pati ...200717344357
comment on "vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus necrotising fasciitis in fishermen visiting an estuarine tropical northern australia location". 200717350104
studies on the region involved in the transport activity of escherichia coli tolc by chimeric protein analysis.gram-negative bacteria possess the outer membrane protein tolc which acts as an exit duct across the outer membrane. however, the region involved in the transport activity of tolc has remained unclear. we analyzed this region by creating chimeric tolcs. first, we expressed the genes for tolcs of vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp-tolc) and salmonella typhimurium (sal-tolc) in escherichia coli. the levels of sequence identity in the mature region of vp-tolc/ec-tolc and sal-tolc/ec-tolc with maximum matc ...200717350794
inactivation of foodborne pathogens using a one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma.this study was conducted to determine the efficacy of a one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma (oaugdp) for inactivation of foodborne pathogens and to evaluate the influence of growth temperature, ph, and culture age on their inactivation. escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, salmonella enteritidis, vibrio parahaemolyticus, yersinia enterocolitica, and shigella flexneri were evaluated. three-strain mixtures of each bacterium were inocula ...200717378708
growth response of vibrio cholerae and other vibrio spp. to cyanobacterial dissolved organic matter and temperature in brackish water.environmental control of growth and persistence of vibrios in aquatic environments is poorly understood even though members of the genus vibrio are globally important pathogens. to study how algal-derived organic matter and temperature influenced the abundance of different vibrio spp., baltic sea microcosms inoculated with vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio alginolyticus and native bacterioplankton, were exposed to different temperatures (12-25 degrees c) and ame ...200717386033
adrenergic regulation of bacterial virulence. 200717396992
modulation of pathogenicity with norepinephrine related to the type iii secretion system of vibrio parahaemolyticus.norepinephrine (ne) controls the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, but its role in the pathogenicity of enteropathogens is not clear. we examined the effect of ne on the pathogenicity of vibrio parahaemolyticus with regard to its type iii secretion systems (ttsss).200717397007
scrg, a ggdef-eal protein, participates in regulating swarming and sticking in vibrio parahaemolyticus.in this work, we describe a new gene controlling lateral flagellar gene expression. the gene encodes scrg, a protein containing ggdef and eal domains. this is the second ggdef-eal-encoding locus determined to be involved in the regulation of swarming: the first was previously characterized and named scrabc (for "swarming and capsular polysaccharide regulation"). ggdef and eal domain-containing proteins participate in the synthesis and degradation of the nucleotide signal cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) ...200717400744
vibrio parahaemolyticus: a concern of seafood safety.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a human pathogen that is widely distributed in the marine environments. this organism is frequently isolated from a variety of raw seafoods, particularly shellfish. consumption of raw or undercooked seafood contaminated with v. parahaemolyticus may lead to development of acute gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea, headache, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps. this pathogen is a common cause of foodborne illnesses in many asian countries, including china, japan ...200717418305
the dominance of pandemic serovars of vibrio parahaemolyticus in expatriates and sporadic cases of diarrhoea in thailand, and a new emergent serovar (o3 : k46) with pandemic traits.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. a total of 95 v. parahaemolyticus isolates belonging to 23 different serovars were identified in a case-control study of expatriates and thai adults from 2001 to 2002 in thailand. fifty-two per cent of isolates (49/95) were resistant to ampicillin and sulfisoxazole, but all isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, two antibiotics commonly used to treat traveller's diarrhoea. all isolates w ...200717446282
[distribution of thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh)- and tdh-related hemolysin (trh)-producing vibrio parahaemolyticus in coastal shimane prefecture and tdh and trh v parahaemolyticus contamination of retail shellfish].we studied distribution of thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh)- and tdh-related hemolysin (trh)-producing vibrio parahaemolyticus in coastal sea water, sediment, and shellfish and related retail shellfish contamination in shimane prefecture, japan, between 2002 and 2004. v. parahaemolyticus was isolated from > 80% of sea water, sediment, and shellfish. the detection of tdh gene (tdh) and trh gene (trh)-positive v parahaemolyticus in sea water was 11%, in sediment 16%, and in shellfish 26%. the n ...200717447472
cloning, expression and immunogenicty analysis of five outer membrane proteins of vibrio parahaemolyticus zj2003.genes of five outer membrane proteins of vibrio parahaemolyticus zj2003, including ompw, ompv, ompk, ompu and tolc, were cloned and expressed as n-terminal his(6)-tagged proteins in escherichia coli. the recombinant fusion proteins were purified with nickel chelate affinity chromatography. to analyze the immunogenicity of these proteins, large yellow croaker (pseudosciaena crocea) were immunized by intraperitoneal injection. antibody response was assessed by method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent ...200717451968
an evaluation of the use of remotely sensed parameters for prediction of incidence and risk associated with vibrio parahaemolyticus in gulf coast oysters (crassostrea virginica).the u.s. food and drug administration recently published a vibrio parahaemolyticus risk assessment for consumption of raw oysters that predicts v. parahaemolyticus densities at harvest based on water temperature. we retrospectively compared archived remotely sensed measurements (sea surface temperature, chlorophyll, and turbidity) with previously published data from an environmental study of v. parahaemolyticus in alabama oysters to assess the utility of the former data for predicting v. parahae ...200717477256
characteristics of virulent vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oregon and washington.thirty-four virulent strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus containing tdh and/or trh genes isolated from oregon and washington coastal water were analyzed for o-group antigens and urease activity, and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. six o serotypes (o1, o3, o4, o5, o10, and o11) were identified among the isolates, with the o5 group (19 isolates) being the most prevalent, followed by the 01 group (9 isolates). nearly all (33 of 34) isolates were capable of producing urease, which reaffirmed the ...200717477276
production of a recombinant chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase from vibrio parahaemolyticus in the culture medium of escherichia coli cells.an open reading frame (orf) encoding chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase (pa-cod) gene and its signal sequence was cloned from the vibrio parahaemolyticus kn1699 genome and its sequence was analyzed. the orf encoded a 427 amino acid protein, including the 22 amino acid signal sequence. the deduced amino acid sequence was highly similar to several bacterial chitin oligosaccharide deacetylases in carbohydrate esterase family 4. an expression plasmid containing the gene was constructed and inserted ...200717479220
microbiological study of cooked crustaceans and molluscan shellfish from uk production and retail establishments.a study of cooked crustaceans and molluscan shellfish from retail and production premises was undertaken in the uk during 2003 to determine the microbiological safety of these products. according to criteria in european commission recommendation 2003/10/ec, 96% of 682 batches were of satisfactory/acceptable microbiological status while 4% of batches were unsatisfactory due to the presence of high levels of escherichia coli (3.3%; 10(2) to 10(6) cfu g(-1)), vibrio parahaemolyticus (0.4%; 10(2) to ...200717479385
[characteristics of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from mussels (perna perna) commercialized at niterói, rio de janeiro].the marine ecosystem is the natural habitat of bacteria like vibrio parahaemolyticus, an important pathogen that cause human gastroenteritis associated with seafood consumption. in the present investigation, the presence of v. parahaemolyticus in 86 in natural and precooked mussel samples was evaluated. vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from 11.6% of the in natural and precooked mussels. all strains tested were urease-positive and 28.5% were kanagawa-positive, which suggests that they have pa ...200717486255
an efficient system for markerless gene replacement applicable in a wide variety of enterobacterial species.we describe an improved allelic-exchange method for generating unmarked mutations and chromosomal dna alterations in enterobacterial species. initially developed for use in salmonella enterica, we have refined the method in terms of time, simplicity, and efficiency. we have extended its use into related bacterial species that are more recalcitrant to genetic manipulations, including enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic escherichia coli and vibrio parahaemolyticus. data from over 50 experiments ...200717496950
new role of c-terminal 30 amino acids on the insoluble chitin hydrolysis in actively engineered chitinase from vibrio parahaemolyticus.a chitinase (vpchia) and its c-terminal truncated g589 mutant (vpchiag589) of vibrio parahaemolyticus were cloned by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques. to study the role of the c-terminal 30 amino acids of vpchia in the enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin, both the recombinant vpchia and vpchiag589 encoded in 1,881 and 1,791 bp dna fragments, respectively, were expressed in escherichia coli using the pet-20b(+) expression system. the his-tag affinity purified vpchia and vpchiag589 enzymes ha ...200717508209
vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated during investigation of the summer 2006 seafood related diarrhea outbreaks in two regions of chile.nine hundred cases of seafood related diarrhea were reported in the region of puerto montt, chile during the austral summer of 2006. this is the continuation of the large outbreaks associated with the consumption of seafood containing the vibrio parahaemolyticus serovar o3:k6 pandemic clonal group that arose last decade in chile. the initial outbreaks occurred during the summer of 1998 in antofagasta (23 degrees 39's 70 degrees 24'w). subsequently, outbreaks there were rare, but since 2004 outbr ...200717521760
detection of tdh and trh genes in vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from corbicula moltkiana prime in west sumatera, indonesia.the occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw corbicula moltkiana prime from lake singkarak and pasar raya padang market and in cooked samples in west sumatera, indonesia, was studied. thirteen raw and seven cooked bivalve samples were positive using chromagar vibrio medium. all 47 v parahaemolyticus isolates were positive for toxr gene but negative for trh. however, 36% (17/47) of v parahaemolyticus strains were positive for tdh gene. antibiotic profiling showed that 76% and 38% of isolates ...200717539286
effect of the addition of four potential probiotic strains on the survival of pacific white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) following immersion challenge with vibrio parahaemolyticus.four bacterial strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of adult shrimp litopenaeus vannamei, vibrio alginolyticus utm 102, bacillus subtilis utm 126, roseobacter gallaeciensis slv03, and pseudomonas aestumarina slv22, were evaluated for potential use as probiotics for shrimp. in vitro studies demonstrated antagonism against the shrimp-pathogenic bacterium, vibrio parahaemolyticus ps-017. feeding shrimp with diets containing the potential probiotics showed the best feed conversion ratio ...200717544437
real-time reverse transcription-pcr for transcriptional expression analysis of virulence and housekeeping genes in viable but nonculturable vibrio parahaemolyticus after recovery of culturability.a real-time reverse transcription-pcr method was developed to determine whether the recovery of culturability of viable but nonculturable (vbnc) vibrio parahaemolyticus induced the expression of virulence genes coding for the thermostable direct hemolysin and for type iii secretion system 2 (ttss2). the culturability of clinical strain vp5 of v. parahaemolyticus in artificial seawater at 4 degrees c was monitored, and the vbnc state was obtained. one day after entry into the vbnc state, temperat ...200717557845
vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 epidemic diarrhea, chile, 2005. 200717561569
distribution, genetic richness and phage sensitivity of vibrio spp. from coastal british columbia.this study examined the distribution, susceptibility to viral infection and genetic diversity of vibrio spp. in the coastal waters and sediments of british columbia during summer (july and august). abundances of presumptive vibrio spp. ranged from 1.5 to 346 ml(-1) within the water column (1-291 m); whereas, abundances at the water-sediment interface were much higher (up to approximately 3 x 10(4)vibrio spp. cc(-1)), and decreased with sediment depth (down to 30 cm). the genetic diversity of vib ...200717564612
catecholamine-induced stimulation of growth in vibrio species.to evaluate the effect of norepinephrine (ne) and related compounds on the growth of bacteria, we have examined the effect of the neuroendocrine hormone ne and related compounds on the growth of vibrio parahaemolyticus and other human-pathogenic vibrio species (vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio mimicus).200717576228
vibrios of the spotted rose snapper lutjanus guttatus steindachner, 1869 from northwestern mexico.to characterize and identify vibrios present in wild and cultured juvenile snappers (lutjanus guttatus) in northwestern mexico.200717578416
comparison of four antibiotics with indigenous marine bacillus spp. in controlling pathogenic bacteria from shrimp and artemia.use of antibiotics for the control of bacterial diseases in shrimp culture has caused several adverse impacts to the industry. this has resulted in the search for alternative environment friendly approaches to overcome bacterial infections. this study was conducted to investigate the use of beneficial bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. ten pathogenic bacterial species isolated from shrimp, penaeus monodon, and artemia cysts were tested for susceptibility to indigenous marine bacillus sub ...200717584435
isolation, sequencing and characterization of cluster genes involved in the biosynthesis and utilization of the siderophore of marine fish pathogen vibrio alginolyticus.in fish pathogen vibrio alginolyticus mvp01, the isolated 11-gene cluster consisted of two divergently transcribed, fe(3+) and ferric uptake regulator (fur) regulated operons, pvsabcde and psua-pvuabcde, sharing high similarity with that related to siderophore biosynthesis and transportation locus in v. parahaemolyticus. siderophore biosynthesis or utilization was blocked when pvsa and pvsd of the pvsabcde operon or pvua, pvub and pvue of the psua-pvuabcde operon was single-gene in-frame mutated ...200717593352
pathogenic bacteria associated with oysters (crassostrea brasiliana) and estuarine water along the south coast of brazil.oysters and estuarine water samples were collected monthly, from june 1998 to march 1999, in the cananéia estuary, on the south coast of são paulo, brazil, and analyzed for bacterial hazards with and without depuration in filtered estuarine water. aeromonas spp., plesiomonas shigelloides, vibrio cholerae o1, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus were counted in oyster samples using the most probable number (mpn) and their presence verified in the surrounding estuarine water samples. the ...200717613090
a targeting approach for delivery of polymer microparticle-antibody conjugate against vibrio parahaemolyticus-induced cytotoxicity to human intestinal epithelial cells.a major traditional of antibacterial drugs is antibiotic which promotes more rapid release of the toxins from bacteria cells in human body, which causes severe infection. the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) has been proposed as a major virulence factor of vibrio parahaemolyticus (vp). this study covers the preparation of polymer microparticle-antibody conjugate for the development of a drug targeting approach for antibacterial drug delivery. the chemical binding of antibodies (ab) to latex b ...200717613661
rapid and specific identification of 5 human pathogenic vibrio species by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeted to dnaj gene.a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method, specifically designed for application in routine diagnostic laboratories, was developed for identifying 5 human pathogen vibrio species: vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio mimicus, and vibrio alginolyticus. this assay directed toward the dnaj gene was tested on a total of 355 strains representing 13 vibrio species and 17 non-vibrio species. specific pcr fragments were produced in isolates belonging to the 5 targ ...200717614235
research and characterization of pathogenic vibrios from bathing water along the conero riviera (central italy).the occurrence and pathogenicity of vibrios in bathing water were investigated along the conero riviera (adriatic sea, central italy). vibrio spp. enumeration was performed on thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salts-sucrose-agar by the membrane filter method, and identification was done through a biochemical protocol. all isolates were tested for the presence of cytotoxicity, protease, lipase, elastase, gelatinase, urease, haemolytic activity, ctx, tdh and trh genes by conventional methods. in all, 200 v ...200717619048
seaweeds as a reservoir for diverse vibrio parahaemolyticus populations in japan.gastroenteritis caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus has recently been associated with foods prepared with seaweeds, but little is known about the bacterium's abundance and diversity among seaweeds in coastal environment. therefore, we determined its phenotypic and genotypic diversity in relation to its seasonal abundance in seawater and seaweed samples from three areas of kii channel, japan during june 2003 to may 2004. isolates were obtained by selective enrichment of samples and detection of v. ...200717629976
development of a multiplex real-time pcr assay with an internal amplification control for the detection of total and pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria in oysters.vibrio parahaemolyticus is an estuarine bacterium that is the leading cause of shellfish-associated cases of bacterial gastroenteritis in the united states. our laboratory developed a real-time multiplex pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of the thermolabile hemolysin (tlh), thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), and thermostable-related hemolysin (trh) genes of v. parahaemolyticus. the tlh gene is a species-specific marker, while the tdh and trh genes are pathogenicity markers. an internal ...200717644647
identification and characterization of vopt, a novel adp-ribosyltransferase effector protein secreted via the vibrio parahaemolyticus type iii secretion system 2.vibrio parahaemolyticus strain rimd2210633 has two sets of genes encoding two separate type iii secretion systems (t3sss), called t3ss1 and t3ss2. t3ss2 has a role in enterotoxicity and is present only in kanagawa phenomenon-positive strains, which are pathogenic to humans. accordingly, t3ss2 is considered to be closely related to v. parahaemolyticus human pathogenicity. despite this, the biological actions of t3ss2 and the identity of the effector protein(s) secreted by this system have not bee ...200717645751
[pathogenic vibrios in oysters (crassostrea rhizophorae) served at restaurants in rio de janeiro: a public health warning].forty oyster samples (crassostrea rhizophorae) served raw in 15 restaurants in the city of rio de janeiro were evaluated in order to investigate the presence of vibrio spp. the oyster samples were analyzed and subjected to enrichment in alkaline peptone water with the addition of 1 and 3% nacl and incubated at 37 degrees c for 24 hours. following this, the cultures were seeded onto thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar (tcbs) and the suspected colonies were subjected to biochemical characterizat ...200717653465
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