Publications

shigella interaction with intestinal epithelial cells determines the innate immune response in shigellosis.	shigellae are gram-negative bacilli that cause bacillary dysentery in humans. this review summarizes current knowledge of shigella pathogenesis and pathogenicity factors, invasion of epithelial cells, intracellular motility and cell-to-cell spreading, as well as components of the host cell involved in innate immune responses.	2003	12755366
a method for allelic replacement in francisella tularensis.	a vector for mutagenesis of francisella tularensis was constructed based on the puc19 plasmid. by inserting the sacb gene of bacillus subtilis, orit of plasmid rp4, and a chloramphenicol resistance gene of shigella flexneri, a vector, ppv, was obtained that allowed specific mutagenesis. a protocol was developed that allowed introduction of the vector into the live vaccine strain, lvs, of f. tularensis by conjugation. as a proof of principle, we aimed to develop a specific mutant defective in exp ...	2003	12770718
the is1 elements in shigella boydii: horizontal transfer, vertical inactivation and target duplication.	is1(sb) and its two variants were identified as the major and minor is1 elements in shigella boydii. the nucleotide sequences of is1(sb), is1(o157:h7) from escherichia coli o157:h7 and is1f from e. coli k12 suggest that these is1 elements had been horizontally transferred among s. boydii and e. coli o157:h7 and k12. the two is1(sb) variants and is1(o157:h7) have transposition activities 7- to 86-fold less than that of is1(sb), whereas is1f has little transposition activity. analysis of the flank ...	2003	12770720
seasonal variation in bacterial pathogens isolated from stool samples in karachi, pakistan.	to determine the seasonal variation of the commonly isolated bacterial pathogens in stool samples.	2003	12779031
effects of ocimum gratissimum l essential oil at subinhibitory concentrations on virulent and multidrug-resistant shigella strains from lagos, nigeria.	ocimum gratissimum leaf extracts have been extensively demonstrated to be effective against the various aetiologic agents of diarrhoea, including shigellae. however, the mechanism of the shigellocidal action of this plant remains to be understood. this study investigated the effects of o. gratissimum essential oil (eo) at subinhibitory concentrations of 0.75 and 1.0 microg/ml on virulence and multidrug-resistant strains of 22 shigella isolates from nigeria. compared with untreated shigella strai ...	2003	12780522
actin-based motility of burkholderia pseudomallei involves the arp 2/3 complex, but not n-wasp and ena/vasp proteins.	the facultative intracellular bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei induces actin rearrangement within infected host cells leading to formation of actin tails and membrane protrusions. to investigate the underlying mechanism we analysed the contribution of cytoskeletal proteins to b. pseudomallei-induced actin tail assembly. by using green fluorescent protein (gfp)-fusion constructs, the recruitment of the arp2/3 complex, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (vasp), neural wiskott-aldrich syndrom ...	2003	12780776
[urinary tract infection caused by shigella sonnei].		2003	12781123
[shigellosis].		2003	12722252
[study on gene knockout using red system in shigella flexneri].	the technology of gene knockout using lambda red system in bacteria has been developed lately, but its application being limited to esherichia coli. in order to get some experiences in other bacteria we select four genes, including alka, wcaj, yphf and dam, to test gene knockout using red system in e. coli and shigella. as a result, three genes were successfully knocked out in e. coli except dam while only alka gene was knocked out in shigella. it showed that the red system should be improved if ...	2003	16276895
[cloning of ipab gene from shigella flexneri and its expression in yeast cell].	ipab gene amplified from s. flexneri 2a by pcr was cloned into pgbkt7 vector (named pgbkt-ipab) and sequencing indicated that the amino encoded by the cloned gene was the same as the reported; the recombination plasmid pgbkt-ipab was transformed into the yeast strain ah109, in which the fusion expression of ipab was analyzed with sds-page and western blotting. this provided the basis for screening the interacting protein with ipab by two hybrid system and understanding the function of ipab in th ...	2003	16279212
[sequence analysis of bacterial transposon in nhx gene of populus euphratica].	the united nations environment program estimates that approximately 20% of agricultural land and 50% of cropland in the world is salt-stressed. the gene nhx (na+/h+ exchanger) encodes functional protein that catalyzes the countertransport of na+ and h+ across membranes and may play an important role in plant salt tolerance. to clone the nhx from the wild plant populus euphratica collected in tarim basin and xinjiang wujiaqu district into a t-vector, designed primer was used to amplify 1kb nhx cd ...	2003	15969097
emerging food pathogens and bacterial toxins.	many different foodborne diseases have been described. for example, shigella bacteria, hepatitis a virus and norwalk virus were shown as a unwashed hands microorganisms, but pathogen campylobacter and escherichia coli were named as raw and undercooked meat and poultry or raw milk and untreated water born bacteria. however, two of them: listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica are known as growing at refrigerator temperatures. essential virulence determinants of listeria monocytogenes p ...	2003	15058810
sanitary and bacteriological aspects of sewage treatment.	a study into the removal of contamination load and indicator bacteria was carried out in 1992-1996 in the mechanical, biological and chemical waste-water treatment plant wtp in lezany, in the county of reszel, in the province of warmia and mazury in poland. the results of chemical analyses found a high efficiency of removal of carbon compounds, cod (90%) and bod (98%), in the process of purification of household sewage. in addition, a high effectiveness of total nitrogen, on average 71%, and uns ...	2003	15058814
antibacterial effects of carica papaya fruit on common wound organisms.	the purpose of the study was to investigate antibacterial activity of ripe and unripe carica papaya on selected micro-organisms. cultures of micro-organisms were routinely maintained in nutrient agar slants at 4 degrees c. extracts of immature, mature and ripe carica papaya fruit were obtained by separately grinding factions of the epicarp, endocarp and seeds and filtering them through gauze. sensitivity tests were conducted by adding 0.06 ml of extract to agar wells (6 mm diameter) prepared fro ...	2003	15040064
enhanced isolation of shigella species by extended incubation of primary isolation plates.		2003	15038595
shigellosis: innate mechanisms of inflammatory destruction of the intestinal epithelium, adaptive immune response, and vaccine development.	acute infectious colitis remains a major pediatric issue of worldwide impact because it still represents a significant public health burden among the larger group of diarrheal diseases with the highest mortality rate. it is also a relevant model of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd), such as crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. among cases of acute colitis of infectious origin, shigellosis is certainly the one that has benefited the most from a significant research effort. shigella, the causat ...	2003	15030306
[comparative study on antibacterial effects of huangqin-tang and its metabolites produced by intestinal flora].	to compare the antibacterial effects of huangqin-tang with its metabolites produced by intestinal flora.	2003	15015311
changing trends in shigellosis at a tertiary care centre.		2003	15022943
[the observation of the lymphocyte phenotype change in different lymphoid tissues of mice after intranasal immunization with bivalent shigella vaccines].	to observe the changes of lymphocyte phenotype in different lymphoid tissues of mice at various time after intranasal immunization with bivalent shigella vaccines.	2003	15182658
the prevalence of yersinia enterocolitica isolates in comparison to those of the commonly encountered enteropathogens causing diarrhoea among ethiopian patients in addis ababa.	this cross-sectional study was designed to determine and describe the prevalence of diarrhoea caused by yersinia enterocolitica isolates in comparison with the commonly encountered diarrhoeagenic salmonella and shigella among all age group out-patients of addis ababa, ethiopia. standardized bacteriological isolation and biochemical test techniques were used. among the stool samples of 205 patients tested for bacteriological cultures, only 3 (1.5%) were positive for yersinia enterocolitica, 22 (1 ...	2003	15227891
attenuated salmonella and shigella as carriers for dna vaccines.	the discovery that genes can be functionally transferred from bacteria to mammalian cells has suggested the possible use of bacterial vectors as gene delivery vehicles for vaccines. attenuated invasive human intestinal bacteria, such as salmonella and shigella, have been used as plasmid dna vaccine carriers and their potency has been evaluated in several animal models. this delivery system allows the administration of dna vaccines together with associated bacterial immunostimulators directly to ...	2003	15203916
[out-of-laboratory control screening of growth mediums used by sanitary service laboratories for isolation of pathogenic enteric bacteria from fecal specimens].	the aim of the study was to test the selective-differential plating mediums used for isolation of salmonella and shigella for routine stool specimens examination for epidemiological and sanitary purpose. three plates of any such medium used in the laboratories in 37 sanitary service stations in poland were obtained. the specimens of mac conkey lactose bile salt agar and ss agar were obtained from all laboratories, hektoen enteric medium from 8 and eosinmethylene blue agar from only one laborator ...	2003	15103991
synergistic action of photosensitizers and normal human serum in a bactericidal process. i. effect of chlorophylls.	susceptibility of some gram-negative strains against the bactericidal action of normal human serum (nhs) and of chlorophyll, which induces production of reactive oxygen species by light, was studied. a synergistic bactericidal activity of nhs and chlorophyll against e. coli k1 and shigella flexneri strains was observed.	2003	15095924
bacteriological study of bottled drinking water marketed in mangalore.	bottled water is generally accepted as safe for consumption. however, its potability is uncertain. ninety samples of six national and 3 local brands marketed in mangalore city were studied. seven of these were isi certified. bacteriological analysis of these samples were carried out for viable count, presumtive coliform count by multiple tube method, confirmed esch. coli count by eijkman test and specific intestinal pathogens, such as salmonella, shigella and vibrios. thirty out of 90 samples th ...	2003	15562959
[a case of inactive escherichia coli isolated from feces initially suspected to be shigella boydii subgroup c serotype 14 by conventional biochemical tests in tubes].	a small number of colorless colonies grew from dhl agar of feces culture taken as part of a complete physical for a 42 year-old woman who had lived in singapore for several years. when cultured for first-stage identification using conventional biochemical tests in tubes for enterobacteriaceae, such as tsi agar slant and sim medium, the results for lactose reaction (-), saccharose reaction (-), gas (very weak +) and motility (-) were obtained, and shigella spp. was suspected. serological tests (b ...	2003	15552836
honey consumption in the state of são paulo: a risk to human health?	infantile botulism was recognized in 1976 as a paralyzing disease caused by the ingestion of viable spores that would germinate and colonize the intestinal tract of infants, with local production and absorption of clostridium botulinum toxin. the possible origins of botulinic spores are dust and honey, which has been identified as a dietary risk factor for infantile botulism. the objectives of the present study were to investigate 100 honey samples obtained in the state of são paulo (brazil) in ...	2003	16887716
complete dna sequence and gene analysis of the virulence plasmid pcp301 of shigella flexneri 2a.	the complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the large virulence plasmid pcp301 (termed by us) of shigella flexneri 2a strain 301 were determined and analyzed. the result showed that the entire dna sequence of pcp301 is composed of 221618 bp which form a circular plasmid. sequence analysis identified 272 open reading frames (orfs), among which, 194 correspond to the proteins described previously, 61 have low identity (<60%) to known proteins and the rest 17 have no regions of significant ...	2003	19448991
construction of a trivalent candidate vaccine against shigella species with dna recombination.	in this work asd gene of shigella flexneri 2a strain t32 was replaced by vibrio cholerae toxin b subunit (ctxb) gene with dna recombination in vivo and in vitro. the resulting derivative of t32, designed as fwl01, could stably express ctxb, but its growth in lb medium depended on the presence of diaminopimelic acid (dap). then form i plasmid of shigella sonnei strain s7 was labeled with strain t32 asd gene and mobilized into fwl01. thus a trivalent candidate oral vaccine strain, designed as fsw0 ...	2002	18763059
determination of the profile of fatty acids of 4 species of shigella spp by chromatography of gases.	shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, shigella dysenteriae and shigella sonnei were identified using gas chromatography instead of the traditional techniques. their acid methyl esters profiles were determined using a gas chromatograph hewlett packard 5890a and a rsl-150 heliflex capillary column. a total of 192 samples were analyzed both reference strains (atcc 8700, indre b2188, b2194 and b2199) and environmental isolates. 12 fatty acids were included in the profiles from which 3-hydroxytetradeca ...	2002	17063774
effects of the bacteriocin psvp-10 produced by pseudomonas sp. on sensitive bacterial strains.	the bacteriocin psvp-10 is a 2.6 kda peptide which was isolated and purified from pseudomonas sp. this bacteriocin possesses lethal activity over enterococcus faecalis, salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri. the experimental assays showed that the bacteriocin is able to be adsorbed by all cells of these bacterial species and also by their isolated cell walls. it was observed that the resistant mutants and their respective cell walls are unable to adsorb the bacteriocin. assays performed w ...	2002	17061511
clarithromycin synergism with essential and trace elements.	in order to ascertain the role of various essential and trace element complexation on the antibacterial activity of various macrolide antibiotics, the synergistic or antagonistic behavior of clarithromycin metal complexes has been studied and compared with the parent drug. metal complexes of clarithromycin with magnesium, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium has been investigated for their antibacterial activity and compared with clarithromycin by observin ...	2002	16414867
[infectious etiology of dysenteric syndromes at the principal hospital of dakar in 1999 and 2000].	dysenteric syndromes are relatively frequent in tropical areas, due essentially to infectious etiologies, constituted by flimsy pathogenic agents outside and possibilities of laboratory investigations little available. the authors evaluated during two years (1990-2000) the results of 399 parasitological examinations and 419 bacteriological examinations concerning dysenteric syndromes admitted to the laboratory of "hopital principal de dakar". the objective of these examination is to contribute t ...	2002	15776602
[place and resistance of epidemic strains of shigella dysenteriae-1 isolated at the fann hospital from 1995 to 1999].	shigella dysenteriae-1 (s.d-1) takes a more and more important place in intertropical countries, with multiresistant strains to antibiotics. the objectives of the study is to determine the prevalence of s.d-1 among bacterial isolations at fann hospital at dakar, and to identify the resistant profiles of the strains. this retrospective study was conducted on the strains isolated between 1995 and 1999 by examination of faeces for bacterial pathogens. the susceptibility of the strains to antibiotic ...	2002	15776683
bacterial enteric pathogens in children with acute dysentery in thailand: increasing importance of quinolone-resistant campylobacter.	current data on pathogen prevalence and drug resistance patterns are important for treatment and vaccine-development strategies. an etiologic study of acute bacterial dysentery was conducted in children up to 12 years of age in 2 major hospitals in and around bangkok. stool samples or rectal swabs and clinical data were collected. standard microbiological methods were used to detect salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, vibrio, aeromonas and plesiomonas. pathogenic e. coli (etec, eiec, stec) was ...	2002	12757222
blood culture isolates from children admitted to medical unit iii, yangon children's hospital, 1998.	a one year study (august 1998-july 1999) of bacteremia in febrile children was carried out in the medical unit (iii), yangon children's hospital (ych), myanmar, to determine: (1) the bacteria responsible for fever of five days or more in children; (2) the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of these bacteria. children aged one month to 12 years who had fever for five days or more and who did not receive antibiotics within the first 48 hours irrespective of the diagnosis were included in this study. a ...	2002	12757224
adipokinetic hormone enhances laminarin and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of the prophenoloxidase cascade in the african migratory locust, locusta migratoria.	lom-akh-i enhances the activation in vivo of prophenoloxidase in the haemolymph of the african migratory locust, locusta migratoria, in response to challenge with laminarin. akh does not influence the speed or initial magnitude of the phenoloxidase response to laminarin, but prolongs the period of activation of the enzyme in a dose-dependent manner. injections of preparations of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) do not activate prophenoloxidase in vivo, but co-injection of lom-akh-i with commer ...	2002	12770071
prevalence of multidrug-resistant shigella isolated in malaysia.		2002	12659418
electrophoretic analysis of salmonella typhi and other bacteria.	a comparative study involving sds-page of salmonella typhi and other bacteria was conducted. protoplasmic antigens of salmonella typhi. salmonella paratyphi a, salmonella typhimurium, proteus sp, klebsiellas sp. pseudomonas aeruginosa, shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus were separated and compared on sds-page followed by checking of their cross reactivity by gel diffusion using antisera raised against whole cell and lysates of salmonella typhi. lines of identity between salmonella typhi, s ...	2002	12649947
[evaluation of usefulness for selected virulence markers for identifying pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica strains. iv. genes myfa and urec].	we check by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) the presence of gene urec and myfa, encoding subunits of urease and myf fimbriae, among clinical and food-originated strains of yersinia to determine their usefulness as molecular virulence markers of y. enterocolitica. the examinations were done on 130 clinical strains of y. enterocolitica o:3/4 isolated in poland from humans. all strains were obtained from stool and possessed the virulence plasmid pyv. in addition 40 isogenic, plasmid-cured strains w ...	2002	12650057
identification of escherichia coli o157:h7 by multiplex pcr with primers specific to the hlya, eaea, stx1, stx2, flic and rfb genes.	escherichia coli o157:h7 can cause fatal diseases such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. the early symptoms of e. coli o157:h7 infection are similar to those of infection with other gastrointestinal bacteria, so the availability of a rapid and precise method to identify e. coli o157:h7 is important for early recognition. we report a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with primers to detect the presence of the e. coli o157:h7 genes hlya, which produces e ...	2002	12645196
[microbial quality assessment of some street food widely consumed in ouagadougou, burkina faso].	the major part of the population of ouagadougou, burkina faso, have their breakfast, dinner and lunch in street food shops. the characteristics of street food vendors are indicated. it appeared clearly that women play a major part (75%) in street food sale. vendors have only a slight knowledge of food processing and of hygienic practices. there is a high proportion (about 50%) of people among them. this dietary habit has some negative aspects on the consumers' health. ours studies clearly showed ...	2002	12626290
isolation of potential bacterial pathogens from the stool of hiv-infected and hiv-non-infected patients and their antmicrobial susceptibility patterns in jimma hospital, south west ethiopia.	diarrhea is a major clinical problem in hiv-infected patients. there is a need to monitor antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of enteric bacterial pathogens in order to ensure appropriate treatment and control of infections. the objectives of this study was to identify and determine the magnitude of potential enteric pathogens including salmonella, shigella, campylobacter and other species in hiv-infected and hiv-non-infected patients with diarrhea, to evaluate the current antimicrobial suscep ...	2002	12596655
antimicrobial potentiality of a phenothiazine group of antipsychotic drug-prochlorperazine.	the antipsychotic drug, prochlorperazine (pcp), was tested for its antimicrobial efficacy against 103 strains belonging to both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. the drug was found to possess maximum activity against staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae and shigella spp. pcp was moderately active against e. coli but most of the strains belonging to bacillus spp, klebsiella spp, salmonella spp and lactobacillus spp were found to be resistant to this drug. the drug was tested for its mod ...	2002	12597553
his-asp phosphorelay signal transduction in higher plants: receptors and response regulators for cytokinin signaling in arabidopsis thaliana.	bacteria have devised phosphotransfer signaling mechanisms for eliciting a variety of adaptive responses to their environment. these mechanisms are collectively referred to as two-component regulatory systems. each system generally consists of a sensor protein histidine kinase, which is anchored in the cell membrane, and a cytoplasmic response regulator, whose activity is modulated by the sensor. most response regulators are transcription factors. in this review, we briefly introduce the establi ...	2002	12589073
use of aflp, plasmid typing and phenotyping in a comparative study to assess genetic diversity of shigella flexneri strains.	shigella flexneri infections are one of the main causes of acute diarrhoea in cuba. twenty strains isolated from sporadic cases in nine different cuban provinces were characterized. serotyping, antibiotic-resistance typing, plasmid-typing and aflp-typing were used to determine their suitability for use in epidemiological studies of s. flexneri. the predominant serotypes were serotype 6 (35%) and serotype 2 (35%). eleven different plasmid profiles were detected (diversity index = 0.92). aflp-typi ...	2002	12558326
microbial agents associated with waterborne diseases.	many classes of pathogens excreted in feces are able to initiate waterborne infections. there are bacterial pathogens, including enteric and aquatic bacteria, enteric viruses, and enteric protozoa, which are strongly resistant in the water environment and to most disinfectants. the infection dose of viral and protozoan agents is lower than bacteria, in the range of one to ten infectious units or oocysts. waterborne outbreaks of bacterial origin (particularly typhoid fever) in the developing coun ...	2002	12546197
a new class of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: synthesis and biological activity of 9-[[(phosphonomethyl)aziridin-1-yl]methyl]guanine (pmamg) and analogues.	a new class of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates pmamg, pmama, pmamc, and pmamt (compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4) have been synthesized and tested in vitro against a wide variety of viruses, fungi and bacteria. pmamg (1) was synthesized by the alkylation reaction of acetylguanine with the phosphonate side-chain, diisopropyl [[2-(bromomethyl)aziridin-1-yl]]methylphosphonate (9), followed by deesterification reaction in the presence of tmsbr. in similar way, pmama, pmamc, and pmamt were prepared.	2002	12502279
antimicrobial activity of feiii, cuii, agi, znii and hgii complexes of 2-(2-hydroxy-5-bromo/nitro-phenyl)-1h- and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl/chloro/nitro-1h-benzimidazoles.	antimicrobial activity of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-r5-1h-benzimidazoles, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-r5'-phenyl)-1h-benzimidazoles and their feiii, cuii, agi, znii and hgii nitrate complexes was tested toward staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, and proteus mirabilis. antifungal activity was tested against candida albicans. benzimidazole benzene ring substituents increase the antimicrobial activit ...	2002	12503391
retrospective analysis of the first clonal outbreak of nalidixic acid-resistant shigella sonnei shigellosis in israel.	reported here is a retrospective molecular analysis of the isolates recovered from the first outbreak of nalidixic acid (na)-resistant shigella sonnei shigellosis to occur in israel. the outbreak affected 94 children. in the retrospective analysis, a total of 13 na-resistant isolates and five na-susceptible isolates recovered during the outbreak period were examined. restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles obtained by digestion with bamhi, pvui, hinfi or smai yielded identical profiles ...	2002	12525926
detection of campylobacter jejuni in healthy monkeys and monkeys with enteric infections by pcr.	campylobacter were detected by pcr in feces of monkeys of different species (clinically healthy, with diarrhea, and dead from acute enteric infections). high prevalence of these bacteria in monkeys was revealed. the incidence of c. jejuni dna in monkeys with acute enteric infections was higher than in healthy animals (69.6 and 51.3%, respectively). the highest percentage (92.3) of positive results was observed in macaca mulatta with enteric diseases and in macaque dead of these diseases. the pre ...	2002	12512007
purification and detection of shigella type iii secretion needle complex.		2002	12474402
multicenter, randomized, double blind clinical trial of short course versus standard course oral ciprofloxacin for shigella dysenteriae type 1 dysentery in children.	shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) dysentery is associated with serious morbidity and mortality. treatment is either costly or complicated by the emergence of bacterial resistance. this study compared the efficacy and safety of short course (3 days) and standard course (5 days) oral ciprofloxacin in children with sd1 dysentery.	2002	12488664
surveillance of bacterial pathogens of diarrhea disease in indonesia.	emerging or reemerging infections due to bacterial disease may be a local, regional or global problem. bacterial acute gastroenteritis is a potential cause of substantial morbidity in travelers and deployed u.s. military personnel. a surveillance study was conducted over a two-year period in indonesia among 6760 patients with debilitating diarrheal diseases. of the 6,760 patients, 587 (9%) of the patient stools were positive for bacteria. the proportions of bacteria isolated from the 587 patient ...	2002	12493168
shigella isolation in vellore, south india (1997-2001).	shigellosis has been a major cause of dysentery for many years at vellore, south india. in the last two years the number of shigella being isolated from samples of faeces from patients with diarrhoea has decreased (5% isolation rate in 1997 to 3.9% in 2001), although the microbiological methods and media used have not changed. also, the nalidixic acid (na) resistance has increased for s. sonnei (now 94%). this is noteworthy, since na has been recommended for the empirical treatment of patients s ...	2002	12424931
molecular recognition of oligosaccharide epitopes by a monoclonal fab specific for shigella flexneri y lipopolysaccharide: x-ray structures and thermodynamics.	the antigenic recognition of shigella flexneri o-polysaccharide, which consists of a repeating unit abcd [-->2)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1-->], by the monoclonal antibody sya/j6 (igg3, kappa) has been investigated by crystallographic analysis of the fab domain and its two complexes with two antigen segments (a pentasaccharide rha a-rha b-rha c-glcnac d-rha a' and a modified trisaccharide rha b-rha c-glcnac d in which rha c* is missing a c2-oh ...	2002	12427018
a salmonella sipb-derived polypeptide blocks the 'trigger' mechanism of bacterial entry into eukaryotic cells.	entry into non-phagocytic mammalian cells by the invasive pathogens salmonella and shigella is triggered by the delivery of bacterial virulence effector proteins into the host cell. this is dependent upon salmonella sipb or its shigella homologue ipab, which insert into the eukaryotic cell plasma membrane. here we show that a sipb-derived 166 residue alpha-helical polypeptide is a potent inhibitor of sipb-directed liposome fusion in vitro, preventing the membrane-associated form of sipb from ins ...	2002	12354236
management of diarrhoea in practice.	diarrhoea, a major cause of morbidity and mortality can be produced by a variety of etiological factors. management protocol includes assessment of the child, physical examination, lab-evaluation, assessment of severity of dehydration and rehydration therapy using either of the following - who - ors, home available fluids (haf), sugar salt solution (sss), improve who-ors, amino acid fortified ors, rice based ors, low osmolarity ors. intravenous fluids are required if patients can't accept orally ...	2002	12356221
conversion of ptdins(4,5)p(2) into ptdins(5)p by the s.flexneri effector ipgd reorganizes host cell morphology.	phosphoinositides play a central role in the control of several cellular events including actin cytoskeleton organization. here we show that, upon infection of epithelial cells with the gram-negative pathogen shigella flexneri, the virulence factor ipgd is translocated directly into eukaryotic cells and acts as a potent inositol 4-phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [ptdins(4,5)p(2)] into phosphatidylinositol 5-monophosphate [ptdins(5)p] that then ...	2002	12356723
endotoxins of enteric pathogens are chemotactic factors for human neutrophils.	early activation of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils is characterized by their morphological changes from spherical to polarized shapes. the endotoxins from enteric pathogens (s. dysenteriae type 1, v. cholerae inaba 569b, s. typhimurium, and k. pneumoniae) were assessed by their ability to induce morphological polarization of the neutrophils as measures of early activation. phagocytic activity, adhesion, chemokinetic locomotion, and nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) dye-reduction ...	2002	12359090
a direct-transfer polymerization model explains how the multiple profilin-binding sites in the actoclampin motor promote rapid actin-based motility.	the high actin-based motility rates observed in nonmuscle cells require the per-second addition of 400-500 monomers to the barbed ends of growing actin filaments. the chief polymerization-competent species is profilin.actin.atp (present at 5-40 microm intracellular concentrations), whereas g-actin.atp is much less abundant ( approximately 0.1-1 microm). while earlier studies unambiguously demonstrated that profilin.actin is highly concentrated within the polymerization zone, profilin-actin local ...	2002	12361718
epithelial inflammation response induced by shigella flexneri depends on mucin gene expression.	the protective effects of different mucin gene profiles on gut protection were assessed by the evaluation of tnfalpha production by intestinal epithelial cells infected by shigella flexneri. three ht-29 cell lines were used: ht29-g(-) (enterocyte-like cells, secreting no mucins), ht29-fu (highly expressing muc2 and muc4) and ht29-mtx (highly expressing muc3 and muc5ac). these cells were infected either by an invasive (m90t) or the control isogenic (bs176) strains of s. flexneri, and tnfalpha mrn ...	2002	12361911
escherichia coli in disguise: molecular origins of shigella.	shigella, which still stands as a genus with four species today, in reality belongs to the extremely diverse species escherichia coli. there are several lineages of shigella strains derived through independent acquisition of the pinv virulence plasmid. the chromosomally determined phenotypic properties of shigella result from convergent evolution during niche adaptation, most due to loss of function, some from negative selection pressure.	2002	12361912
causative pathogens of severe diarrhea in children.	to investigate the enteropathogens in children with diarrhea attending salmaniya medical complex, bahrain.	2002	12370713
[dysentery in poland in 2000].	the notified number of dysentery cases is still falling down since the year 1995 when bacteriological examination of feces for diagnostic purposes lost free of charge status obtained in 1928 under the legislation act of infectious disease investigation and obligatory registration. only 121 dysentery cases were notified in the year 2000 (incidence 0.31/100,000 population), while 292 cases were notified in 1999 (incidence 0.76/100,000). no one death case was notified. only 2 outbreaks (one due to ...	2002	12371362
the wh1 and evh1 domains of wasp and ena/vasp family members bind distinct sequence motifs.	a complex of n-wasp and wasp-interacting protein (wip) plays an important role in actin-based motility of vaccinia virus and the formation of filopodia. wip is also required to maintain the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton in t and b lymphocytes and is essential for t cell activation. however, in contrast to many other n-wasp binding proteins, wip does not stimulate the ability of n-wasp to activate the arp2/3 complex. although the wasp homology 1 (wh1) domain of n-wasp interacts directly wit ...	2002	12372256
septic shock associated with shigella flexneri dysentery.	septic shock is a very unusual presentation of shigella infection. we describe a 3-y-old child who developed severe septic shock and severe encephalopathy during an episode of dysentery caused by shigella flexneri.	2002	12374365
diarrhoeagenic bacterial pathogens in hiv-positive patients with diarrhoea in rural communities of limpopo province, south africa.	potential enteric bacterial pathogens in 60 hiv-positive patients with chronic diarrhoea in rural communities of the limpopo province, south africa, were identified using standard microbiological methods. the kirby-bauer disk-diffusion method was employed to determine antibiograms of isolated bacteria. results revealed that diarrhoeagenic bacterial agents were isolated from 48 (80%) of the 60 hiv-positive patients with diarrhoea. forty-four (73.3%) and 16 (26.7%) of the 60 patients were female a ...	2002	12430759
epidemiology of bacterial resistance in gastro-intestinal pathogens in a tropical area.	during 1999-2000 a total of 4131 faecal specimens were collected and analysed at the medical centre st. camille at ouagadougou. eight hundred and twenty-six (8.0%) grew significant bacteria. escherichia coli (35%), salmonella spp. (15%) and shigella spp. (10%) were most frequently isolated. a large number of e. coli strains were resistant to aminopenicillins (>90%) and cotrimoxazole (80%); for yersinia spp the resistance was 80 and 25%, respectively. norfloxacin was the most active antibiotic bu ...	2002	12431876
[comparison of shigella susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobials in the temuco regional hospital, chile 1990 - 2001].	the permanent surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella sp in the temuco regional hospital, allowed us to define the empirical use of antimicrobials in dysenteric syndrome.	2002	12434650
evolution of multiresistance in nontyphoid salmonella serovars from 1984 to 1998 in argentina.	molecular evolution of multiresistance in nontyphoid salmonella spp. was investigated with 155 isolates obtained in argentina from 1984 to 1998. in 74 isolates obtained from 1984 to 1988 resistance was associated with the presence of tn3, tn9, class i (in0) and ii (tn7) integrons, and the aac(3)-iia gene. extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc) resistance in salmonella spp. emerged in 1989, and 81 isolates resistant to at least one esc and one aminoglycoside were collected thereafter. among these, ...	2002	12435702
epidemiological study on jordanian patients suffering from diarrhoea.	stool specimens from 1400 diarrhoeal patients from the jordanian population were examined for bacterial pathogens and rotavirus during a four- year period (1997-2000). pathogenic bacteria were identified in 343 patients (24.5%), most often from children. salmonella spp. was the most frequent isolated organism in 10.7% of the patient's cultures, followed by enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) in 3.9%, shigella spp. in 0.8% and campylobacter spp. in 0.9%. vibrio spp. was not identified in the ...	2002	12437219
lactoferrin protects rabbits from shigella flexneri-induced inflammatory enteritis.	shigella species cause bacillary dysentery in humans by invasion, intracellular multiplication, spread to adjacent cells, and induction of brisk inflammatory responses in the intestinal epithelium. in vitro data suggest that lactoferrin, a glycoprotein present in human mucosal secretions, has a role in protection from bacterial enteric infections. we sought to determine the activity of lactoferrin in vivo, using the concentration present in human colostrum, to investigate its effect on the devel ...	2002	12438385
functional comparison of serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae.	the plasmid-encoded toxin (pet) of enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) belongs to a family of high-molecular-weight serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae (spates) which also includes pic from eaec and shigella flexneri, espc from enteropathogenic e. coli, espp from enterohemorrhagic e. coli, sat from uropathogenic e. coli, tsh from avian pathogenic e. coli, and sepa from s. flexneri. phylogenetic analysis shows the spate proteins to represent a distinct subfamily of autotr ...	2002	12438392
comparison of long-chain alcohols and other volatile compounds emitted from food-borne and related gram positive and gram negative bacteria.	numerous reports have been published on the antimicrobial activity of synthetic volatile long chain alcohols, such as 1-decanol and 1-dodecanol, against bacteria and fungi. the objective of the present study was to survey microorganisms for emission patterns of naturally occurring long chain alcohols and other volatile components to determine if these compounds are associated with certain groups of bacteria. cultures were grown in trypticase soy broth overnight and volatile compounds were trappe ...	2002	12442299
synthesis and antibacterial activity of fused mannich ketones.	new mannich ketones of fused bicyclic ketones as 1-indanones and 1-tetralones were prepared using the classical acid-catalysed mannich reaction. known members of this family were used in comparative biological tests. antibacterial activity of these new water-soluble compounds was reported against pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, e. coli red31m4, salmonella minnesota re595, shigella sonnei re4350, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus saprophyticus, micrococcus luteus and bacillus subtil ...	2002	12446038
identification of the cis-acting site involved in activation of promoters regulated by activity of the type iii secretion apparatus in shigella flexneri.	bacteria of shigella spp. use a virulence plasmid-encoded type iii secretion (tts) system to invade the colonic epithelium in humans. the activity of the tts apparatus is tightly regulated in the wild-type strain and is induced upon contact of bacteria with epithelial cells, whereas it is deregulated, i.e., constitutively active, in some mutants. under conditions of deregulated secretion, approximately 20 proteins are secreted, including vira, ospb to ospg, and at least three members of the ipah ...	2002	12446624
[listeria monocytogenes in vegetables minimally processed].	the demand of vegetables minimally processed (ready-to-use) has increased partly due to the frequent use of the food services, where the salads are always included in the daily menus. the use of new technologies for processing and packaging has made possible to obtain a product ready to serve. nevertheless the associated risk of the presence of emergent pathogens, such as listeria monocytogenes seems to be involved. the aim of this work was to assess the microbiological quality of this kind of f ...	2002	12448343
[kiyoshi shiga and shigella].		2002	12451640
igg antibodies to enterobacteria 60 kda heat shock proteins in the sera of hla-b27 positive ankylosing spondylitis patients.	to study the association of hla-b27 and the igg response to the 60 kda hsps of klebsiella pneumoniae, yersinia enterocolitica, shigella flexneri, escherichia coli and salmonella typhi.	2002	12455814
vaginal discharge due to undiagnosed bilateral duplicated collecting system with ectopic ureters in a three-year-old female: an initial high index of suspicion for sexual abuse.	in prepubertal girls with vaginal discharge, consideration of the etiology must be given to respiratory pathogens (streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, and neisseria meningitidis), enteric pathogens (escherichia coli, shigella, and yersinia), poor hygiene, foreign body, nonabsorbent undergarments, irritants, vulvar skin disease, anatomic abnormalities (double vagina with fistula, pelvic abscess, and ectopic ureter), and sexual abuse. pr ...	2002	12459227
shigella flexneri degp facilitates icsa surface expression and is required for efficient intercellular spread.	a degp mutant of shigella flexneri was identified in a screen for insertion mutants that invaded cultured cells but did not form wild-type plaques in monolayers. the degp mutant sm1100 invaded henle cells at wild-type levels and induced apoptosis in macrophages but formed smaller plaques than those formed by wild-type s. flexneri in confluent monolayers of henle and caco-2 cells. the proportion of sm1100 bacteria with icsa localized to the bacterial pole, a process required for actin polymerizat ...	2002	12379715
enteropathogens associated with acute diarrhea in community and hospital patients in jakarta, indonesia.	the prevalence of bacteria, parasite and viral pathogens in 3875 patients with diarrhea in community and hospital settings from march 1997 through august 1999 in jakarta, indonesia was determined using routine bacteriology and molecular assay techniques. bacterial pathogens isolated from hospital patients were, in decreasing frequency, vibrio cholerae o1, shigella flexneri, salmonella spp. and campylobacter jejuni, while s. flexneri, v. cholerae o1, salmonella spp. and c. jejuni were isolated fr ...	2002	12381465
genetics of isoprenoid biosynthesis in paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens.	the genes coding for all the enzymes involved in the conversion of acetyl-coa to farnesyl diphosphate (fpp) in the zeaxanthin-producing bacterium paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens were cloned and characterized. two genes encoding enzymes catalysing the condensation of two acetyl-coa molecules to acetoacetyl-coa were found. the six enzymes involved in the conversion of acetyl-coa and acetoacetyl-coa to isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp) are grouped in an operon, desig ...	2002	12384294
genome sequence of shigella flexneri 2a: insights into pathogenicity through comparison with genomes of escherichia coli k12 and o157.	we have sequenced the genome of shigella flexneri serotype 2a, the most prevalent species and serotype that causes bacillary dysentery or shigellosis in man. the whole genome is composed of a 4 607 203 bp chromosome and a 221 618 bp virulence plasmid, designated pcp301. while the plasmid shows minor divergence from that sequenced in serotype 5a, striking characteristics of the chromosome have been revealed. the s.flexneri chromosome has, astonishingly, 314 is elements, more than 7-fold over thos ...	2002	12384590
selection of shigella flexneri candidate virulence genes specifically induced in bacteria resident in host cell cytoplasm.	we describe an in vivo expression technology (ivet)-like approach, which uses antibiotic resistance for selection, to identify shigella flexneri genes specifically activated in bacteria resident in host cell cytoplasm. this procedure required construction of a promoter-trap vector containing a synthetic operon between the promoterless chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) and lacz genes and construction of a library of plasmids carrying transcriptional fusions between s. flexneri genomic frag ...	2002	12390353
ilg1 : a new integrase-like gene that is a marker of bacterial contamination by the laboratory escherichia coli strain top10f'.	identification of differentially expressed genes between normal and diseased states is an area of intense current medical research that can lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. however, isolation of differentially expressed genes by subtraction often suffers from unreported contamination of the resulting subtraction library with clones containing dna sequences not from the original rna samples.	2002	12393938
doc-mediated cell killing in shigella flexneri using a c1/laci controlled expression system.	in this report we describe the development of a highly stringent and dually regulated promoter system for shigella flexneri. dual regulation was provided by utilizing a promoter susceptible to control by the bacteriophage p1 temperature-sensitive c1 repressor that in turn was under the transcriptional control of laci. the level of induction/repression ratios observed was up to 3700-fold in s. flexneri. the general utility of this promoter system was evaluated by demonstrating that the bacterioph ...	2002	12399040
infestation of fish-culturing communities with fish-borne bacteria: the ghanaian case.	twenty different bacterial species were isolated from fishermen and members of communities associated with seven fish ponds with different fertilizer treatments, and an open system. the number and types of the bacterial species were different for the different ponds. generally, neither the geographical location of the ponds nor the type of fertilizer used could be related to the bacterial flora. escherichia coli was the predominant species in all the communities, while escherichia coli, klebsiel ...	2002	12400540
shifting serotypes, plasmid profile analysis and antimicrobial resistance pattern of shigellae strains isolated from kolkata, india during 1995-2000.	one hundred and sixty-six shigellae strains, isolated from stool samples of paediatric patients (< 5 years old) at a childrens' hospital in kolkata, india during the period of 1995-2000 were examined for serotyping, drug resistance pattern and plasmid profiles. sh. flexneri (58 %) was found to be commonest isolate of total shigellae, followed by sh. sonnei (28 %), sh. boydii (9%) and sh. dysenteriae (5%). this profile of species was in sharp contrast to the picture obtained before 1995, when sh. ...	2002	12403099
[the role of hla-b27 molecules in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis].	ankylosing spondylitis (as) is characterised by the strongest association with an hla antigen ever described for any disease. it represents therefore the ideal model for the understanding of the link between immune-mediated diseases and the hla system. the role of hla-b27 in the pathogenesis of as will be discussed focusing on the recently described higher expression of these molecules in patients with as compared with healthy controls.	2002	12404037
[acute diarrhea outbreak caused by shigella flexneri at a school in madrid, cundinamarca: phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolates].	shigellosis is an acute diarrhoeal disease that is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. in 1997, the colombian instituto nacional de salud microbiology group organized a network surveillance program with the country's public health laboratories (phls) to monitor the principal etiological agents responsible for acute diarrhoeal disease. in may, 2001, the phl of the state of cundinamarca reported a food poisoning outbreak involving an elementary school community. the ...	2002	12404927
histone-like proteins and the shigella invasivity regulon.	the contribution of histone-like proteins to the transcriptional regulation of virulence gene networks is a common feature among pathogenic bacteria. in this article we review current knowledge about the regulative role of major histone-like proteins in the silencing/activation of the invasivity phenotype of shigella, the etiological agent of bacillary dissentery.	2002	12405354
an inv/mxi-spa-like type iii protein secretion system in burkholderia pseudomallei modulates intracellular behaviour of the pathogen.	burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a serious infectious disease of humans and animals that is endemic in subtropical areas. b. pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular pathogen that may invade and survive within eukaryotic cells for prolonged periods. after internalization, the bacteria escape from endocytic vacuoles into the cytoplasm of infected cells and form membrane protrusions by inducing actin polymerization at one pole. it is believed that survival within ...	2002	12410823
a high-throughput genetic system for assessing the inhibition of proteins: identification of antibiotic resistance and virulence targets and their cognate inhibitors in salmonella.	this study describes the development of a high-throughput genetic system for producing oligopeptides that can be used to identify molecular interactions leading to inhibition of specific proteins. using a pathogenic bacteria model, we screened a library of clones expressing intracellular oligopeptides in order to identify inhibitors of proteins involved in antibiotic resistance and virulence. this method involved transforming the pathogen with an oligopeptide-encoding plasmid library, constructe ...	2002	12413476
a clinicopathological study of acute necrotising jejunoileitis.	we describe a variety of acute necrotizing enteritis that is endemic to the indian subcontinent. during the period 1992-1998, 18 cases of acute jejunoileitis (aji) were managed. only those in whom the diagnosis was confirmed at laparotomy have been included in this study. the most common symptoms were abdominal pain (100%), fever (77%), and blood in the stool (100%). a stricture following conservative treatment was present in 1 case. the mean age at presentation was 6.5 years (range 6 months-12 ...	2002	12415384
shigella flexneri bacteraemia in an immunocompetent male treated with oral ciprofloxacin.		2002	12423618
identification of shiga toxin-producing bacteria by a new immuno-capture toxin gene pcr.	infections with bacteria producing shiga toxin are responsible for widespread disease and for the death of a large number of people. in the present study, we have developed a rapid method of high specificity for the detection of shigella dysenteriae by combining immuno-capture of the bacteria and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of their toxin gene. we compared the sensitivity of our new method, referred to as immuno-capture toxin gene pcr (itgpcr), with a conventional tgpcr (ctgpcr ...	2002	12423749
shigellosis complicating preterm premature rupture of membranes resulting in congenital infection and preterm delivery.	the association of chorioamnionitis with preterm birth is well established. intra-amniotic infection complicates 13-60% of preterm premature rupture of membranes (prom) with enteric gram-negative pathogens accounting for 20-40% of recoverable organisms. however, the source of enteric pathogens leading to premature birth has been poorly characterized.	2002	12423805
conformation of the branched o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 2: molecular mechanics calculations show a compact helical structure exposing an epitope which potentially mimics galabiose.	conformational analyses of the branched repeating unit of the o-antigenic polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 2 have been performed with molecular mechanics mm3. a filtered systematic search on the trisaccharide alpha-d-galnac-(1-->3)-[alpha-d-glcnac-(1-->4)]-alpha-d-galnac forming the branch, shows essentially a single favored conformation. also, the downstream alpha-d-galnac-(1-->4)-alpha-d-glc linkage is sterically constrained. the alpha-d-glc-(1-->4)-beta-d-gal moiety, however, forms ...	2002	12423964
bacillus dysentericus (sic) 1897 was the first taxonomic rather than bacillus dysenteriae 1898.	the basonym of shigella dysenteriae (shiga 1898) castellani and chalmers 1919 was first and officially proposed in 1897 as bacillus dysentericus (sic) in saikingaku zasshi, published in japan. in accordance with section 6 (citation of authors and names) of the bacteriological code (1990 revision), the year of the first proposal of shigella dysenteriae has to be corrected from bacillus dysenteriae 1898 to bacillus dysentericus (sic) 1897.	2002	12054222