Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) loads in premature infants with and without prophylactic rsv fusion protein monoclonal antibody. | it has not been determined whether respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein monoclonal antibody (mab) (palivizumab) reduces infection or simply ameliorates disease. in a prospective observational study, 27 hospitalized premature infants with rsv who were not receiving mab were compared with 10 such patients who were receiving mab. mean (sem) rsv loads in the mab and non-mab groups were 3.36 (0.59) versus 4.89 (0.27) logpfu/ml (p=.01). prophylactic palivizumab reduces nasal rsv in prematu ... | 2003 | 12915838 |
| clinical and laboratory study of newborns with lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory viruses. | to determine the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infection due to respiratory viruses in the neonatal period at admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and to compare the clinical, laboratory and radiological aspects of the clinical course, according to the etiological agent, in the neonatal period. | 2003 | 12916686 |
| evaluation of recombinant respiratory syncytial virus gene deletion mutants in african green monkeys for their potential as live attenuated vaccine candidates. | towards the goal of developing live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccines to prevent severe respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus, recombinant rsv containing a deletion of single or multiple ns1, ns2, sh and m2-2 genes have been generated. in this study, recombinants, ra2deltam2-2, ra2deltans2, ra2deltans1ns2, ra2deltashns2, ra2deltam2-2ns2 were evaluated in african green monkeys (agms) for their infectivity, immunogenicity and protection against wild ... | 2003 | 12922094 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in blood and marrow transplant recipients. | nurses caring for blood and bone marrow transplant recipients need to understand the effects that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can have on transplant recipients, family members, and healthcare providers. with knowledge about the virulence and transmission of rsv, nurses are in a position to educate patients and family, reduce nosocomial spread of the infection, and influence clinical practice. by recognizing specific risk factors for infection, nurses can act as gatekeepers who id ... | 2003 | 12929275 |
| severe and unrecognised: pertussis in uk infants. | to diagnose pertussis using culture, polymerase chain reaction, and serology, in children admitted to intensive care units (picus) and some paediatric wards in london, and in their household contacts to determine the source of infection. | 2003 | 12937105 |
| the role of leukotrienes and eosinophil cationic protein in acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and by 2.5 to 3 years of age most children have been infected with approximately 1-2% of all infected infants requiring hospital admission. both immunologic and nonimmunologic factors have been implicated in the susceptibility to symptomatic rsv-induced disease although most attention has been directed towards host responses and their role in the pathogenesis of the associated airway obstru ... | 2003 | 15366660 |
| progress in the development of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus vaccines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) are leading causes of viral lower respiratory tract illness in children and in high-risk adult populations. despite decades of research, licensed vaccines for rsv and hpivs do not exist. recently, however, genetically engineered live attenuated rsv and hpiv candidate vaccines have been generated, several of which are already being evaluated in clinical trials. recombinant technology allows candidate vaccines to be "fine-tu ... | 2003 | 14689350 |
| [association of acute bronchiolitis with climate factors and environmental contamination]. | annually, acute bronchiolitis (ab) occurrence peaks during winter and is probably associated with air pollution. | 2003 | 14692300 |
| use of vascular endothelial cell growth factor gene transfer to enhance implantable sensor function in vivo. | in the current study, we developed and validated a simple, rapid and safe in vivo model to test gene transfer and sensor function in vivo. using the model, we tested the specific hypothesis that in vivo gene transfer of angiogenic factors at sites of biosensor implantation would induce neovascularization surrounding the sensor and thereby enhance biosensor function in vivo. as the in vivo site for testing of our gene transfer cell and biosensor function systems, the developing chorioallantoic me ... | 2003 | 14666925 |
| [effectiveness of passive immunisation against respiratory syncytium virus in a group of premature infants with birth weight below 1000 grams]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory tract infection during the child's first year of life. those who survive neonatal intensive care are commonly rehospitalized. in the absence of vaccine, passive immunoprophylaxis is the preferred approach. safety and efficacy of palivizumab (synagis) was proven in the impact-rsv trial, conducted in the usa, canada and uk. the aim of the study was to determine efficacy of humanized monoclonal rsv antibody in prematures infants born ... | 2003 | 14669411 |
| detection of influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus during asthma attacks in children older than 2 years old. | viral upper respiratory tract infections (urti) have been correlated with the onset of asthma attacks in children and viral identification was reported in 14-49 % of nasal samples. the aim of the present study was to detect influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in older children during acute asthma attacks. | 2003 | 14670285 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is independent of il-13 compared with that induced by allergen. | il-13 is a central mediator of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr), but its role in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced ahr is not defined. the combination of allergen exposure and rsv infection is known to increase ahr and lung inflammation, but whether il-13 regulates this increase is similarly not known. | 2003 | 14657862 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) as a common cause of respiratory illness in children younger than 5 years]. | 2003 | 14616052 | |
| otitis and respiratory distress episodes following a respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to document, over two consecutive respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) seasons, the occurrence of acute otitis media (aom) and recurrence of respiratory distress in children < 2 years of age hospitalized for respiratory distress. | 2003 | 14616742 |
| modeling the structure of the respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic protein by silent-mutation analysis of global searching molecular dynamics. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) encodes a small hydrophobic (sh) protein, whose function in the life cycle of the virus is unknown. recent channel activity measurements of the protein suggest that like other viroporins, sh may assemble into a homo-oligomeric ion channel. to further our understanding of this potentially important protein, a new strategy was implemented in order to model the transmembrane oligomeric bundle of the protein. global searching molecular dynamic simulations of s ... | 2003 | 14627728 |
| apical recycling systems regulate directional budding of respiratory syncytial virus from polarized epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major viral cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide. rsv infection is limited to the superficial layers of the respiratory epithelium in immunocompetent individuals. consistent with this in vivo observation, we and others have found that rsv buds preferentially from the apical surface of infected polarized epithelial cells. in contrast, directional budding is not observed in nonpolarized human epithelial ce ... | 2003 | 14630951 |
| substituted benzimidazoles with nanomolar activity against respiratory syncytial virus. | a cell-based assay was used to discover compounds inhibiting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced fusion in hela/m cells. a lead compound was identified and subsequent synthesis of >300 analogues led to the identification of jnj 2408068 (r170591), a low molecular weight (mw 395) benzimidazole derivative with an ec(50) (0.16 nm) against some lab strains almost 100,000 times better than that of ribavirin (15 microm). antiviral activity was confirmed for subgroup a and b clinical isolates of h ... | 2003 | 14638397 |
| short duration aerosols of jnj 2408068 (r170591) administered prophylactically or therapeutically protect cotton rats from experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection. | cotton rats exposed to continuous small droplet aerosols of 2[[2-[[1-(2-aminoethyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino]-4-methyl-1h-benzimidazol-1-yl]methyl]-6-methyl-3-pyridinol (jnj 2408068) or its hydrochloric salt for only 15 min, one day prior to virus inoculation or one day after, were significantly protected from pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection compared to control animals similarly infected but exposed to aerosols of placebo at these times. no evidence of toxicity was seen in any o ... | 2003 | 14638398 |
| influenza a in young children with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to determine the prevalence of influenza a in young children suspected of having respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and to compare the clinical presentation of these patients with those who have proven rsv infection. | 2003 | 14644795 |
| revised indications for the use of palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous (rsv-igiv) are licensed by the food and drug administration for use in preventing severe lower respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in high-risk infants, children younger than 24 months with chronic lung disease (formerly called bronchopulmonary dysplasia), and certain preterm infants. this statement provides revised recommendations for administering rsv prophylaxis to infants and children ... | 2003 | 14654627 |
| revised indications for the use of palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections. | palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous (rsv-igiv) are licensed by the food and drug administration for use in preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in high-risk infants, children younger than 24 months with chronic lung disease (formerly called bronchopulmonary dysplasia), and certain preterm infants. this report summarizes the clinical trial information on which the guidance in the accompanying policy statement for administering rsv prop ... | 2003 | 14654628 |
| stable expression of hrgfp by mouse embryonic stem cells: promoter activity in the undifferentiated state and during dopaminergic neural differentiation. | three promoters, cellular polypeptide chain elongation factor 1 alpha (ef1), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and rous sarcoma virus (rsv) were examined for stable transgene expression in mouse embryonic stem (es) cells and their progeny during dopaminergic neural differentiation. in undifferentiated es cells the ef1 promoter was highly effective, while cmv had moderate activity. after 3 months in culture, expression of humanized renilla green fluorescent protein (hrgfp) was unchanged for the ef1 promoter ... | 2003 | 14595124 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections during an epidemic period in salvador, brazil. viral antigenic group analysis and description of clinical and epidemiological aspects. | acute respiratory infections (ari) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were studied in 482 children from salvador, ba, brazil, over a period of 12 months. the epidemic period of rsv infections in salvador occurred from february (summer) to august (winter), with peaks in may, june, and july. the grouping characteristics of 84 rsv present in nasopharyngeal secretions of children seen at a reference university hospital were analyzed. rsv represented 17.4% of all cases and 54.5% of the posit ... | 2003 | 14595448 |
| hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus in the paediatric population in spain. | the aim of this population-based retrospective study was to determine the incidence of hospitalization for community-acquired, laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in an unselected paediatric population from southern europe. the study was performed in an area with 15,700 children aged less than 5 years attended by a single hospital. the presence of rsv in nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with acute respiratory infection treated in the hospital was investigated i ... | 2003 | 14596527 |
| uncinoside a and b, two new antiviral chromone glycosides from selaginella uncinata. | five compounds have been isolated from the dried whole plants of selaginella uncinata, two of them were new chromone glycosides, 5-hydroxy-2,6,8-trimethylchromone 7-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (uncinoside a) and 5-acetoxyl-2,6,8-trimethylchromone 7-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside (uncinoside b). their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including one- and two-dimensional nmr techniques. the other three compounds were identified as 8-methyl eugenitol, amentoflavone and hinokiflavone. uncino ... | 2003 | 14600370 |
| postulation of and evidence for provirus existence in rsv-transformed cells and for an oncogenic activity associated with only part of the rsv genome. | this article gives a historical insight into the establishment of suitable models allowing the postulation that chicken rous sarcoma virus (rsv) becomes integrated in different cells as a provirus. this is documented by the correspondence between two laboratories involved in these investigations. special attention is paid to rsv-transformed mammalian cells, their virogenic nature, virus rescue by cell fusion, and finally their use for the oncogene v-src characterization. two sets of experiments ... | 2003 | 14604810 |
| prior airway exposure to allergen increases virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in early life can lead to changes in airway function, but there are likely additional predisposing factors, such as prior allergen exposure, determining which children develop wheezing and asthma. | 2003 | 14610471 |
| guidelines for palivizumab prophylaxis: are they based on infant's risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial viral disease? | the american academy of pediatrics (aap) guidelines for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis aim to prioritize palivizumab administration to infants at highest risk for rsv disease. multiple studies have been published that assess the risk of hospitalization for rsv disease by gestational age (ga) at birth and severity of lung disease. | 2003 | 14614363 |
| the immunogenicity, protective efficacy and safety of bbg2na, a subunit respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine candidate, against rsv-b. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is divided into subgroups a and b, based primarily on variation within the g glycoprotein. a safe vaccine that protects against both would be the ideal. bbg2na is a recombinant subunit rsv vaccine candidate derived in part from the g protein of rsv-a. interestingly, bbg2na formulated in alum protected against rsv-b challenge at early time points following vaccination in mice. over 6 months, however, bbg2na-induced immunogenicity and protective efficacy progressi ... | 2003 | 14615143 |
| review of epidemiology and clinical risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most frequent reason for hospitalization of infants in developed countries. premature birth without or, especially, with chronic lung disease of prematurity, congenital heart disease, and t-cell immunodeficiency are conditions that predispose to more severe forms of rsv infection. incomplete development of the airway, damage to the airway, and airway hyperreactivity underlie the increased morbidity of rsv infection in prematurely born infants. p ... | 2003 | 14615709 |
| environmental and demographic risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease. | to critically review the literature examining risk factors for development of severe respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (rsv lri). | 2003 | 14615710 |
| recent trends in severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) among us infants, 1997 to 2000. | to provide current estimates of the incidence, associated risk factors, and costs of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections among infants in the united states, defined as emergency department (ed) visits, hospitalization, and death. | 2003 | 14615711 |
| effect of prematurity on respiratory syncytial virus hospital resource use and outcomes. | to determine if gestational age (ga) is independently associated with hospital resource use and outcomes among infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2003 | 14615712 |
| complications in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis or respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia. | to characterize complications among infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 2003 | 14615713 |
| morbidity and mortality after rsv-associated hospitalizations among premature canadian infants. | to evaluate the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections on subsequent health care resource utilization in preterm infants. | 2003 | 14615714 |
| prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), varicella, and pneumococcal infections: economic-based decision-making. | to compare costs and health benefits of three prophylactic interventions recommended by the american academy of pediatrics (aap) and to help quantify the impact of illness and enhance the physicians' ability to make informed decisions. | 2003 | 14615715 |
| seroprevalence of anti-rsv igg in thai children aged 6 months to 5 years. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the single most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection during infancy and early childhood worldwide including thailand. the magnitude as well as the intensity of both infection and host response to the rsv infection determine the severity of disease. to determine the presence of anti-rsv igg in children of different age groups, 124 serum samples were randomly collected from healthy children aged 6 months to 5 years. all of them were assayed for ... | 2003 | 15198345 |
| [clinical evaluation of urinary leukotriene e4 levels in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | the levels of leukotriene e4 (lte4) of the urine were determined in 24 pediatric patients with infectious diseases due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), i.e., bronchitis, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis, and compared with those in controls without allergic disease. the level for lte4 of the acute-phase urine was 620+/-562 pg/mg. cr in the pediatric patients infected with rsv, being significantly higher than 190+/-67 pg/mg. cr in controls (p<0.005). the levels for lte4 of the urine in the recove ... | 2003 | 14739774 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection--risk factors for hospital admission: a case-control study. | most infants are infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during the first 2 y of life. the majority have only a mild upper respiratory tract infection, but 1-2% develop a more severe illness and are admitted to hospital. | 2003 | 14696852 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in ex-preterm infants in the scottish highlands: review of hospital admissions and an analysis of hospital cost. | ex-preterm infants are vulnerable to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and their hospital admission is associated with increased morbidity. palivizumab is currently available as prophylaxis against rsv infection but its use in ex-preterm infants is controversial. a retrospective case review study was, therefore, carried out to determine the rate of readmission with rsv bronchiolitis among ex-preterm infants in the highland region of scotland and to estimate the hospital cost per ad ... | 2003 | 14702843 |
| microenvironmental regulation of the initiated cell. | in the classical skin model of tumor initiation, keratinocytes treated once with carcinogen retain their normal appearance and growth behavior indefinitely unless promoted to growth into papillomas. because many of the papillomas regress and may recur with further promotion, their cells can also be considered as initiated. the growth of initiated keratinocytes can be inhibited either in vitro or in vivo by close association with an excess of normal keratinocytes, but it is enhanced by dermal fib ... | 2003 | 14710946 |
| the clinical and health economic burden of respiratory syncytial virus disease among children under 2 years of age in a defined geographical area. | to describe the clinical and health economic impact of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in children under 2 years of age. | 2003 | 14670770 |
| respiratory syncytial virus augments production of fibroblast growth factor basic in vitro: implications for a possible mechanism of prolonged wheezing after infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been linked to the development of clinical asthma. cellular mechanisms of this observation are not yet clearly elucidated. in chronic asthma, production of growth factors and remodeling are associated with prolonged wheezing. it was hypothesized that cells infected with rsv may produce excessive levels of fibroblast growth factor basic (fgfb), and epidermal growth factor (egf). airway epithelial cells were incubated with either: (i) virus, (ii) inactivated v ... | 2003 | 14675469 |
| [the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of obstructive lung diseases]. | viral infections, especially recurrent viral infections in childhood are a well-known risk factor of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the development of asthma and copd. the aim of this review was description of the possible role of viruses in the pathogenesis of obstructive lung diseases. even though a lot of mechanisms in which viruses induce asthma and obstructive lung disease remain unclear, the role of viruses seems to be undeniable. respiratory syncytial virus--a common cause of childhood ... | 2003 | 14679861 |
| human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus, brazil. | we describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 111 children attending clinics and hospitals in aracaju, northeast brazil, with acute respiratory infections attributable to human metapneumovirus (hmpv), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), or both in may and june 2002. fifty-three (48%) children were infected with rsv alone, 19 (17%) with hmpv alone, and 8 (7%) had rsv/hmpv co-infections. | 2003 | 14720409 |
| weaning infants with respiratory syncytial virus from mechanical ventilation through a fuzzy-logic controller. | we have previously developed a fuzzy logic controller for weaning adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using pressure support ventilation (psv). we used the core of our fuzzy logic-based weaning platform and further developed parametrizable components for weaning newborns of differing body size and disease-state. the controller was validated on neonates recovering from congenital heart disease (chd) while receiving synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation (simv). we wished to ... | 2003 | 14728223 |
| simultaneous viral infection and childhood bronchiolitis obliterans. | lower respiratory tract infections by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are frequent in childhood. association of rsv with bronchiolitis obliterans has rarely been established. we report a 13-month-old child with bronchiolitis obliterans following co-infection by rsv and adenovirus, and suggest that complicated evolution of an acute bronchiolitis case can indicate an association of pathogens. | 2003 | 12144753 |
| a randomized trial of montelukast in respiratory syncytial virus postbronchiolitis. | infants often develop reactive airway disease after respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cys-lt) are released during rsv infection and may contribute to the inflammation. we hypothesized that a cys-lt receptor antagonist would ameliorate reactive airway disease subsequent to rsv bronchiolitis. one hundred and thirty infants who were 3 to 36 months old, hospitalized with acute rsv bronchiolitis, were randomized into a double-blind, parallel comparison of 5-mg m ... | 2003 | 12406832 |
| simultaneous detection of influenza a, b, and c viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenoviruses in clinical samples by multiplex reverse transcription nested-pcr assay. | the clinical presentation of infections caused by the heterogeneous group of the respiratory viruses can be very similar. thus, the implementation of virological assays that rapidly identify the most important viruses involved is of great interest. a new multiplex reverse transcription nested-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay that is able to detect and type different respiratory viruses simultaneously is described. primer sets were targeted to conserved regions of nucleoprotein genes of t ... | 2003 | 12436489 |
| respiratory syncytial virus enhances respiratory allergy in mice despite the inhibitory effect of virus-induced interferon-gamma. | in mice, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection during allergic provocation aggravates the allergic th2 immune response, characterised by production of interleukin (il)-4, il-5, and il-13, and eosinophilic inflammation. this enhancement of the th2 response occurs simultaneously with a strong rsv-induced th1 cytokine response (il-12 and ifn-gamma). the present study investigated whether ifn-gamma and il-12 are critically involved in this rsv-enhanced ova allergy. therefore, ifn-gammar- and i ... | 2003 | 12436492 |
| replication of respiratory syncytial virus is inhibited in target cells generating nitric oxide in situ. | nitric oxide (no) is generated by recruited inflammatory cells and by pulmonary epithelial cells in response to respiratory virus infection, although the relative antiviral efficacy of no from each of these sources had not been clarified. to compare the direct, antiviral potency of no from an exogenous source with that generated by target epithelial cells in situ, we transduced hep-2 epithelial cells with the retroviral construct, pmfgs-nos and cloned transductant lines that generated no constit ... | 2003 | 12456366 |
| specificity of plasma membrane targeting by the rous sarcoma virus gag protein. | budding of c-type retroviruses begins when the viral gag polyprotein is directed to the plasma membrane by an n-terminal membrane-binding (m) domain. while dispersed basic amino acids within the m domain are critical for stable membrane association and consequent particle assembly, additional residues or motifs may be required for specific plasma membrane targeting and binding. we have identified an assembly-defective rous sarcoma virus (rsv) gag mutant that retains significant membrane affinity ... | 2003 | 12477852 |
| cytokine gene polymorphisms moderate responses to respiratory syncytial virus in adults. | immune responses and illness severity during viral upper respiratory infections may be influenced by the local elaboration of cytokines. cytokine gene polymorphisms moderate immune responses and severity of illness in various inflammatory and infectious diseases. we performed cytokine genotyping on 29 adults experimentally inoculated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to determine whether specific cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with immune responses or illness severity. dna was e ... | 2003 | 12507818 |
| association of severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis with interleukin-4 and interleukin-4 receptor alpha polymorphisms. | the association of variants of genes encoding interleukin (il)-4 and the il-4 receptor alpha chain (il-4ralpha) with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis was examined in hospitalized infants. polymorphisms in il-4 (c-590t) and il-4ralpha (i50v and q551r) were genotyped by restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. control subjects included parents of the hospitalized children (for the transmission/disequilibrium test), and a random population sample (for the case-control study ... | 2003 | 12508140 |
| respiratory viruses in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring hospitalisation: a case-control study. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae-copd) are a common cause of hospital admission. many exacerbations are believed to be due to upper and/or lower respiratory tract viral infections, but the incidence of these infections in patients with copd is still undetermined. | 2003 | 12511718 |
| mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the united states. | influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cause substantial morbidity and mortality. statistical methods used to estimate deaths in the united states attributable to influenza have not accounted for rsv circulation. | 2003 | 12517228 |
| simultaneous detection, subgrouping, and quantitation of respiratory syncytial virus a and b by real-time pcr. | timely diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is critical for appropriate treatment of lower respiratory infection in young children. to facilitate diagnosis, we developed a rapid, specific, and sensitive taqman pcr method for detection of rsv a and rsv b. two sets of primer-probe pairs were selected from the nucleotide sequences encoding the nucleocapsid protein--one targeting rsv a and the other targeting rsv b. the specificity of the taqman reverse transcription-pcr assay wa ... | 2003 | 12517840 |
| [sequence analysis of rna3 of rice stripe virus isolates found in china: evidence for reassortment in tenuivirus]. | the rna3 segments of four isolates of rice stripe virus (rsv), isolated from endemic sites at panjin (pj), liaoning province, kunming (km) and yiliang (yl), yunnan province, as well as from outbreak sites at hongze (hz), jiangsu province, were determined. rna3 of these four isolates were 2480 bp, 2509 bp, 2489 bp and 2497 bp in length, respectively. compared with rna3 of t and m isolates from japan and y isolate from yunnan province of china, that had been previously reported, these seven isolat ... | 2003 | 12518236 |
| interferon-gamma levels in nasopharyngeal secretions of infants with respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viral infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, one of the most common causes of hospitalization of children in developed countries, has been implicated as a cause of asthma. we aimed to characterize the cytokine profile in nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) taken from infants during upper respiratory tract infection to investigate whether rsv induced a unique immune response as compared with other viruses. additionally, we sought to determine whether this profile was influenced by the infants' atopic ... | 2003 | 12519398 |
| identification of immunodominant epitopes derived from the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein that are recognized by human cd4 t cells. | memory cd4 t-cell responses against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy blood donors with gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot (elispot) assays. rsv-specific responses were detected in every donor at levels varying between 0.05 and 0.3% of cd4 t cells. for all donors tested, a considerable component of the cd4 t-cell response was directed against the fusion (f) protein of rsv. we characterized a set of 31 immunodominant antigenic ... | 2003 | 12502814 |
| altered pathogenesis of severe pneumovirus infection in response to combined antiviral and specific immunomodulatory agents. | we report here the responses of mice with symptomatic pneumovirus infection to combined antiviral and specific immunomodulatory agents. mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice, a natural mouse pathogen that replicates the signs and symptoms of severe infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), responded to the antiviral agent ribavirin when it was administered in the setting of endogenous (gene deletion) or exogenous (antibody-mediated) blockade of the mip-1alpha proinflammatory signali ... | 2003 | 12502841 |
| cytokine expression in respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice as measured by quantitative reverse-transcriptase pcr. | in the murine model for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, cytokine patterns induced by vaccinations with either killed (i.e. formalin-inactivated, alum-precipitated) virus (kv) or live virus (lv) have been shown to influence disease expression. to determine the mrna expression of the cytokines il-4 and ifn-gamma in balb/c mice challenged with rsv, a real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase pcr assay was developed. this assay uses 5'-exonuclease fluorogenic probes and is performed ... | 2003 | 12505627 |
| role of plasma membrane lipid microdomains in respiratory syncytial virus filament formation. | the fusion protein (f) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the envelope glycoprotein responsible for the characteristic cytopathology of syncytium formation. rsv has been shown to bud from selective areas of the plasma membrane as pleomorphic virions, including both filamentous and round particles. with immunofluorescent microscopy, we demonstrated evidence of rsv filaments incorporating the fusion protein f and colocalizing with a lipid microdomain-specific fluorescent dye, 1,1-dihexadecyl- ... | 2003 | 12525608 |
| role of viruses and atypical bacteria in exacerbations of asthma in hospitalized children: a prospective study in the nord-pas de calais region (france). | we studied the role of viruses and atypical bacteria in children hospitalized with exacerbated asthma by a prospective study of children with acute asthma admitted to the department of pediatrics in lille, and to 15 hospitals in the nord-pas de calais region, from october 1, 1998-june 30, 1999. we included children aged 2-16 years with active asthma, defined as three or more recurrent episodes of reversible wheezing. the severity of asthma and of asthmatic exacerbations was recorded. immunofluor ... | 2003 | 12526066 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection suppresses ifn-gamma production of gammadelta t cells. | the immunological mechanisms by which respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) contributes to the development of asthma are poorly understood. gammadelta t cells are important in mucosal defence, and may contribute to the establishment of primary immune responses by producing cytokines early during respiratory infections. thus, we used flow cytometry and intracellular cytokine staining to investigate the expression of interferon (ifn)-gamma and interleukin (il)-4 by mitogen-stimulated gammadelta t cell ... | 2003 | 12562394 |
| regional delivery and selective expression of a high-activity yeast cytosine deaminase in an intrahepatic colon cancer model. | a major potential limitation to the success of enzyme prodrug gene therapy is the toxicity that could result from gene expression in normal tissues. in this study, we investigated the use of an enhanced human carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) promoter for yeast cytosine deaminase (ycd), which converts 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil, to increase targeting while maintaining activity both in cell culture and in nude rats bearing intrahepatic xenografts. we found that an enhanced cea-ycd adenoviral ... | 2003 | 12566311 |
| il-13 is sufficient for respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein-induced eosinophilia after respiratory syncytial virus challenge. | although well studied in settings of helminth infection and allergen sensitization, the combined contributions of il-4 and il-13 and their signaling pathways in models of viral pathogenesis have not been reported. using a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, we evaluated the contribution of il-13, alone and in conjunction with il-4, during immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing rsv g glycoprotein (vvgs) or with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv). we showed ... | 2003 | 12574374 |
| clinical patterns and natural history of asthma. | childhood asthma typically begins in infancy with a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. although the majority of infants become infected with rsv, lower respiratory illness develops in only about 20%. about 25% to 50% of those subsequently experience recurrent acute asthma from viral respiratory infections (vri). children younger than 5 years have a high frequency of vri and have the highest frequency of hospitalization for asthma of any age group. in a 35-year study of the natural hist ... | 2003 | 12584515 |
| kinetics of v-src-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in developing glandular stomach. | the oncogene function in primary epithelial cells is largely unclear. recombination organ cultures in combination with the stable and transient gene transfer techniques by retrovirus and electroporation, respectively, enable us to transfer oncogenes specifically into primary epithelial cells of the developing avian glandular stomach (proventriculus). in this system, the epithelium and mesenchyme are mutually dependent on each other for their growth and differentiation. we report here that either ... | 2003 | 12584568 |
| incidence and clinical features of hospitalization because of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory illness among children less than two years of age in a rural asian setting. | lower respiratory illness is the leading cause of child death in the developing world. despite this few reports on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory illness disease burden exist from rural areas of the developing world, and none exist for indonesia. | 2003 | 12586979 |
| cytokine gene polymorphisms moderate illness severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | illness severity and frequency of complications in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection may be influenced by the local elaboration of cytokines. cytokine gene polymorphisms moderate severity of illness in various inflammatory and infectious diseases. we performed cytokine genotyping on 77 infants hospitalized with confirmed rsv infection to determine whether specific cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with illness severity or complications. dna was extracted from bucc ... | 2003 | 12590978 |
| antibody response after rsv infection in children younger than 1 year of age living in a rural area of mozambique. | serological responses have been studied in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infected children < 1 year of age attending the outpatient department of the manhiça district hospital (mozambique). molecular characterization of viral rna in nasopharyngeal aspirates from the infected children indicated a high level of genetic uniformity among the infecting viruses, all of which belonged to a single genotype of rsv group a. a representative virus strain, moz00, was isolated from one of the infants and ... | 2003 | 12601767 |
| evaluation of the safety of palivizumab in the second season of exposure in young children at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | palivizumab reduces respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalisations in high-risk infants. those with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia may require two seasons of prophylaxis. there is concern that this humanised antibody might cause an adverse immune response in a second season of use. | 2003 | 12608889 |
| mrna instability in the nucleus due to a novel open reading frame element is a major determinant of the narrow tissue specificity of folate receptor alpha. | the folate receptor type alpha (fr-alpha) is a promising tumor marker and target. here, we investigate the mechanistic basis for the tumor specificity and vast overexpression of fr-alpha. among representative fr-alpha-positive (hela and jar) and fr-alpha-negative (mg63, caki1, and ht3) cell lines, the transcription rates of the endogenous fr-alpha gene, as well as the fr-alpha promoter activity, were relatively weak and comparable, but the fr-alpha transcript was abundant only in total rna and n ... | 2003 | 12612090 |
| current strategies in the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease. | infants infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) develop both upper and lower respiratory tract infections resulting in laryngotracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. premature infants of less than 32 weeks' gestation and those with underlying chronic lung disease are particularly susceptible and incur significant morbidity and mortality following hospitalisation. conservative rsv prevention strategies focus on the interruption of transmission by proper hand-washing techniques and ... | 2003 | 12615029 |
| nasal delivery of chitosan-dna plasmid expressing epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induces protective ctl responses in balb/c mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), an important pathogen of the lower respiratory tract, is responsible for severe illness both in new born and young children and in elderly people. due to complications associated with the use of the early developed vaccines, there is still a need for an effective vaccine against rsv. most pathogens enter the body via mucosal surfaces and therefore vaccine delivery via routes such as the nasal, may well prove to be superior in inducing protective immune response ... | 2003 | 12615444 |
| use of induced sputum for the diagnosis of influenza and infections in asthma: a comparison of diagnostic techniques. | influenza (flu) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are important viral pathogens that cause lower respiratory tract infections and severe exacerbations of asthma. molecular biological techniques are permitting a rapid and accurate diagnosis of infections caused by respiratory pathogens, and have typically been applied to upper respiratory samples. sputum induction provides an opportunity to directly sample secretions from the lower respiratory tract. objectives/study design: to determine the ... | 2003 | 12637083 |
| immunization onto shaved skin with a bacterial enterotoxin adjuvant protects mice against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | this study evaluated the potential of the skin as a non invasive route for rsv vaccination using two g protein-derived molecules, g2na and g5 in mice. g2na contains t and b-cell epitopes whether g5 is a pure b-cell epitope. in contrast to g5, g2na coadministered with ct three times at 1 month interval onto 1cm of square area shaved skin, elicited a consistent serum anti-g2na and anti-ct igg response. the anti-g2na igg response was dominated by igg1 isotype, an indirect marker of a th2 type of re ... | 2003 | 12639488 |
| immunomodulatory effects of sensory nerves during respiratory syncytial virus infection in rats. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is associated with exaggerated neurogenic inflammation in the airways. this study sought to determine whether irritation of the mucosal sensory fibers affects the recruitment of lymphocytes and monocytes to rsv-infected airways. pathogen-free rats were inoculated with rsv or with virus-free medium and were injected 5 days later with capsaicin to stimulate airway sensory nerves. bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 1, 5, or 10 days after nerve stimulati ... | 2003 | 12639840 |
| time and out-of-pocket costs associated with respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization of infants. | the objective of this study was to quantify time spent plus out-of-pocket costs associated with confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization of infants not prophylaxed against rsv. | 2003 | 12641860 |
| distribution of the attachment (g) glycoprotein and gm1 within the envelope of mature respiratory syncytial virus filaments revealed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. | field emission scanning electron microscopy (fe sem) was used to visualize the distribution of virus-associated components, the virus-attachment (g) protein, and the host-cell-derived lipid, gm1, in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) filaments. rsv-infected cells were labeled in situ with a g protein antibody (mab30) whose presence was detected using a second antibody conjugated to colloidal gold. no bound mab30 was detected in mock-infected cells, whereas significant quantities bound to viral fi ... | 2003 | 12642099 |
| incidence and risk factors of respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalizations in premature infants in germany. | premature infants have an increased risk of developing complicated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. epidemiological data on rsv-related hospitalizations are a prerequisite to develop guidelines for the use of preventive measures. the objective of this study was to determine incidence and risk factors of rsv-related rehospitalizations (rsv-rh) of premature infants. we recruited 1,103 infants with a gestational age of less than 35 weeks, primarily admitted to nine neonatologic care un ... | 2003 | 12647195 |
| economic evaluation of possible prevention of rsv-related hospitalizations in premature infants in germany. | palivizumab (synagis, medimmune inc./abbott laboratories) has been shown to reduce the number of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related hospitalizations in premature infants. the cost-effectiveness ratio of this prophylaxis, however, has not been evaluated in the german health-care system to date. the aim of the study was to assess the costs and benefits of palivizumab among premature infants </=35 weeks with different risk factors. projecting a societal perspective, we used decision analysis ... | 2003 | 12647196 |
| isolation and characterisation of potential respiratory syncytial virus receptor(s) on epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes severe lower respiratory diseases in infancy, early childhood and the elderly. rsv infections respond poorly to current therapies. therefore, we initiated a search for novel drug targets by investigating the characteristics and identity of rsv adhesion receptors on mammalian cells. soluble human lectins, complex polysaccharides and a low molecular selectin antagonist, tbc1269, were used to characterise and isolate the rsv receptor on a human epi ... | 2003 | 12650770 |
| identification of a novel human leucocyte antigen-a*01-restricted cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope in the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein. | virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) play a major role in the clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. to begin monitoring the immunological response to infection, especially in infants, it is important to identify human leucocyte antigen (hla)-restricted ctl epitopes. herein, we used a novel, comprehensive peptide panel containing all possible 8-, 9- and 10-mer peptides spanning the rsv fusion protein to screen for novel hla-restricted t-cell epitopes. these peptide set ... | 2003 | 12667209 |
| systematic review of the biology and medical management of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus, the leading cause of serious upper and lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children, accounts for 125,000 hospitalizations and 450 deaths annually in the united states. it also may predispose to development of asthma later in life. annual epidemics occur from november to april, and virtually all infants are infected by age 2. immunity is not durable; hence, reinfection occurs throughout life, although subsequent infections are nearly always mild. certain ... | 2003 | 12667273 |
| investigations into the amino-terminal domain of the respiratory syncytial virus nucleocapsid protein reveal elements important for nucleocapsid formation and interaction with the phosphoprotein. | bacterially expressed nucleocapsid (n) protein, from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), was used to investigate rna binding in a modified north-western blotting protocol. the recombinant protein demonstrated no sequence specificity in binding rna representing either the antigenomic leader sequence or the nonspecific sequence derived from a plasmid vector. when recombinant n was purified on cscl gradients, two types of structure, both with densities indicating that they contained rna, could be vi ... | 2003 | 12667822 |
| distinct patterns of gene transfer to gerbil hippocampus with recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 and 5. | genetic modification of the gerbil hippocampal neuronal cells in vivo helps us understand the mechanisms of neuronal function under various circumstances such as ischemic insult. in this study, we examined the distinct distribution of the recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 (raav2) and raav5 vectors for gene delivery to primary cultured cells and the gerbil hippocampus. mixed cortical cultures containing both neurons and astrocytes from e17 rat embryos were infected with raavs containing t ... | 2003 | 12668259 |
| quantitation of respiratory syncytial virus rna in nasal aspirates of children by real-time rt-pcr assay. | a method was developed for the quantitation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) based on real-time rt-pcr using a lightcycler instrument. a control real-time rt-pcr was undertaken on gapdh mrna (a human housekeeping gene) was carried out to standardise the non-homogeneous respiratory samples. the real-time rt-pcr method was one log more sensitive for the detection of rsv according to the endpoint dilution technique than the culture method or a conventional qualitative rt-pcr-hybridization-eia. ... | 2003 | 12668266 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viruses. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a nonsegmented, single stranded rna virus, infects one-half of all infants within the first year of life. rsv possesses pathogenetic qualities that may be attributed to the interplay of viral and host-specific factors including virus strains of different virulence, size of the inoculum, family history of asthma or airway hyperreactivity and immunologic anomalies of the host. inflammatory cell recruitment and activation occur in response to rsv infection of epit ... | 2003 | 12671447 |
| impact of severe disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus in children living in developed countries. | among industrialized nations, the rate of rehospitalization in the united states for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is approximately 30 per 1000, exceptions being noted for american indians and alaskan natives, two ethnic groups who tend toward higher rates of rsv hospitalization. in distinction japan reports an admission rate of 60 per 1000 for rsv disease. yet japan ranks considerably lower than many of its western counterparts in premature births. whether an rsv subtype, a new viral genoty ... | 2003 | 12671448 |
| respiratory syncytial virus epidemics: the ups and downs of a seasonal virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections in infants worldwide. lower respiratory tract infections caused by rsv occur epidemically, and the appearance of epidemics seems to vary with latitude, altitude and climate. this study uses a review of the literature on rsv seasonality to investigate whether a global pattern in rsv epidemics can be found. a comparison of morbidity and mortality caused by rsv in developed vs. developing countr ... | 2003 | 12671449 |
| selected populations at increased risk from respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the principal cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children worldwide. deficits in cellular immunity appear to promote severe rsv disease in children with malignancies, those undergoing chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant recipients. respiratory syncytial virus infection appears to exacerbate pulmonary symptoms of cystic fibrosis. in such patients rsv disease may result in a prolonged hospital course, which is often complicated by the ... | 2003 | 12671451 |
| palivizumab prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus disease from 1998 to 2002: results from four years of palivizumab usage. | objectives: in 1998 the food and drug administration approved palivizumab (synagis) for the prevention of severe lower respiratory tract infection secondary to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in pediatric patients at high risk for developing disease that required hospitalization. in the immediate aftermath of that approval, two retrospective reviews were conducted on 4669 medical records of patients who received at least 1 dose of palivizumab during the 1998 to 1999 and 1999 to 2000 rsv season ... | 2003 | 12671452 |
| palivizumab outcomes registry data from spain: infección respiratoria infantil por virus respiratorio sincitial (iris) study group. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory illness in children <2 years of age. severe rsv infection requiring hospitalization is linked to gestational age, chronic cardiopulmonary conditions and immunosuppression. the infección respiratoria infantil por virus respiratorio sincitial (iris) study group in spain conducted two pivotal epidemiologic studies establishing that serious rsv illness among premature infants was responsible for high rehospitalization rates ... | 2003 | 12671453 |
| links between respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and childhood asthma: clinical and research approaches. | this review examines the relationship between severe pulmonary disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infancy and later development of asthma or reactive airway disease (rad). rsv infection accounts for 70% or greater of all cases of infantile bronchiolitis and has been linked to subsequent asthma or rad, either directly or through a shared common predisposition. several studies suggest that rsv bronchiolitis is an important factor in the development of asthma and possi ... | 2003 | 12671454 |
| contribution of neuroimmune mechanisms to airway inflammation and remodeling during and after respiratory syncytial virus infection. | a number of studies have implicated severe infections early in life as a risk factor for the subsequent development of asthma. in particular it has been suggested that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection may enhance the development of "allergic" inflammatory responses when the host is exposed to allergens after an episode of bronchiolitis. it has also been suggested that neuronal mechanisms are important in rsv infection and subsequent airway hyperreactivity. recently we advanced the hyp ... | 2003 | 12671455 |
| respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. | there is now convincing evidence that children who develop lower respiratory symptoms during infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in early life are at increased risk of developing asthma-like symptoms during the school years. what determines this association is not well-understood, but increased likelihood of allergic sensitization plays a minor role, if any, as a determinant of post-rsv wheeze. current evidence suggests that both genetic and environmental factors determine the type ... | 2003 | 12671456 |
| treatment of respiratory syncytial virus: antiviral therapies. | treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants with bronchiolitis is complicated because of the multifactorial nature of this infection. the signs and symptoms of rsv result from a combination of direct viral cytopathic effects, host inflammatory responses that lead to airway obstruction and bronchoconstriction. it is logical that therapies targeting just one of these processes might be minimally effective, at best. thus an important goal is to identify patients at risk and intervene ... | 2003 | 12671458 |
| clinical experience with respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is at times associated with life-threatening lower respiratory tract illness in infancy. severe infection during the first year of life may be an important risk factor or indicator for the development of asthma in early childhood. severe infections primarily occur in healthy infants, and young infants and children with specific risk factors. however, rsv causes respiratory infections in all age groups. indeed it is now recognized that rsv disease is re ... | 2003 | 12671459 |