Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| single nucleotide variation in rdna its-2 differentiates psoroptes isolates from sheep and rabbits from the same geographical area. | psoroptic sheep scab and psoroptic otoacariasis of domestic rabbits occur in the same geographical regions of switzerland. to address the question as to whether psoroptes mites are naturally transmitted between sheep and rabbits, we determined the sequences of the rdna second internal transcribed spacer (its-2) from psoroptic mites from sheep (5 field isolates from switzerland and 2 laboratory isolates from ireland and the uk) and from rabbits (8 field isolates from switzerland). the its-2 seque ... | 1999 | 10581621 |
| an eruptive moderate form of camelpox infection in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) in saudi arabia. | an eruptive moderate form of camelpox infection is reported in camels aged three to four years from the al-ahsa region of saudi arabia. the clinical signs were moderate in nature (between the 'mild' and the 'severe' form). the morbidity rate was 100% while the case fatality rate was 0%. camelpox virus was isolated and identified using electron microscopy and serological analysis. | 1999 | 10588019 |
| transferrin receptors on the plasma membrane of cultured rat astrocytes. | it is generally accepted that transferrin receptor is located in the endothelial cells of the brain, but its existence in other brain cell types is less established. in this study, a [(125)i]transferrin binding assay was used to determine whether there is transferrin receptor on the membrane of cultured rat cortical astrocytes (type 1) in vitro. the results demonstrated that cortical astrocytes (type 1) in suspension attracted [(125)i]transferrin with a saturable and specific binding. scatchard ... | 1999 | 10591920 |
| response of one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) to intravenous glucagon injection and to infusion of glucose and volatile fatty acids, and the kinetics of glucagon disappearance from the blood. | the effects of glucagon injection and infusion of glucose and volatile fatty acids were studied in one-humped camels. twenty adult male camels were divided into four equal groups. the first group was infused with physiological saline and served as a control. the second group was injected with a single dose of glucagon, the third group was infused with glucose (50%) in sterile saline, and the fourth group was infused with a volatile fatty acid (vfa) mixture. in the first, third and fourth groups, ... | 1999 | 10596286 |
| studies on the respiratory disease 'sonbobe' in camels in the eastern lowlands of ethiopia. | new epidemics of respiratory disease have caused 29.6 morbidity and 6.4% mortality in camels in the somalia region of ethiopia. the major clinical signs observed were fever of 40-41.5 degrees c, depression, cough, loss of appetite and a watery nasal discharge that became mucopurulent at a later stage. finally, the camel became recumbent and extended its neck straight along the ground. some of the animals died within 8-9 days. the major post-mortem lesions were hydrothorax, adhesion of the lung t ... | 1999 | 10599129 |
| kinetic constants for the inhibition of camel retinal acetylcholinesterase by the carbamate insecticide lannate. | we have designed this study to determine various kinetic parameters of camel retinal membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase (ache; ec 3.1.1.7) inhibition by carbamate insecticide lannate [methyl n-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy] ethanimidothioate]. all these kinetic constants were derived by simple graphical methods. the value of kinetic parameters was estimated as follows: 0.061 microm)(-1), 1.14 (microm)(-1), 0.216 microm, 0.016 min(-1), 0.0741 (gammam min)(-1) 0.746 microm, and 4.42 microm for velo ... | 1999 | 9890446 |
| toxicity and adverse reactions to some drugs in dromedary (camelus dromedarius). | dromedaries are particularly susceptible to toxicity from certain drugs at doses harmless to other ruminants. the pharmacokinetics of drugs may be different in dromedary and in cattle. this paper reviews the toxicity and adverse reactions of certain therapeutic agents to dromedary. | 1999 | 9949485 |
| seroprevalence of trypanosoma evansi in dromedaries (camelus dromedarius) from the canary islands (spain) using an antibody ab-elisa. | after the description in grand canary island of a case of dromedary trypanosomosis caused by trypanosoma evansi in 1998, an indirect enzyme immunoassay for the detection of specific anti-t. evansi igg (ab-elisa) was used to assess the seroprevalence of this disease on the canary islands. seroprevalence was 9.0% in the four studied islands (gran canaria, tenerife, lanzarote and fuerteventura), varying from 10.0 to 7.5% by island (not significantly different). prevalence using ab-elisa was higher ... | 1999 | 11018734 |
| human cystic echinococcosis: diagnostic value of different antigenic fractions of hydatid cyst fluid with different specific immunoglobulin g subclasses by enzyme linked immunoelectrotransfer blot. | the present study intended to evaluate the usefulness of immunoblot analysis of hydatid cyst fluid (hcf) for diagnostic verification of human cystic echinococcosis (ce). hcf of camel origin was resolved by sds-page gel electrophoresis and transblotted on nitrocellulose membrane. immunoglobulin g (igg) subclass-specific antibody responses in 25 sera from surgically confirmed ce cases, 44 persons with other parasitic infections and 20 normal controls were analyzed. total igg and igg subclass1-4 in ... | 1999 | 12561921 |
| an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay for diagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis. | an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (eitb) test was assessed for diagnosis of 47 pulmonary cystic echinococcosis (ce) cases admitted to ain shams university hospitals for surgery. diagnosis of these cases was established on clinical examination, x-ray, sonography and indirect hemagglutination (iha) test, which was negative in four cases (sensitivity 91.5%). sera from patients with other parasitic infections, carcinomas or normal sera were used as controls. human and camel hydatid cyst fl ... | 1999 | 12561924 |
| establishment and application of a polymerase chain reaction for the identification of beef. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based method for the identification of beef by amplification of bovine 1.709 satellite dna was established. the method not only was able to amplify raw beef dna, but also cooked or autoclaved meat dna. the sequence selected for amplification consisted of a 218 bp dna fragment lying in the 1.709 satellite dna of bovine. a pair of synthetic oligonucleotides flanking this sequence were used as printers, and genomic dna extracted from beef samples employed as templa ... | 1999 | 22061857 |
| a note on the influence of heat treatment, salting and smoking on the acceptability of camel meat products. | the present study was conducted to assess the effect of selected processing operations on the acceptability of camel meat products in dire dawa, eastern ethiopia. a total of eight camel meat products were prepared at two levels of salting, smoking, frying and cooking. they were evaluated by a sensory panel using a preference test. the results showed that the fully fried samples were not significantly different in preference to the smoked (2.5% salt, 3 h smoking) samples and were more acceptable ... | 1999 | 22063462 |
| ultrasound velocity in the aqueous and vitreous humours of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | background: there are no previous reports on the velocity of ultrasound through the aqueous and vitreous humours of the one-humped camel. this information is required for determination of the depth of the aqueous and vitreous chambers and therefore the axial length. this knowledge together with other, yet to be determined, ocular dimensions will ultimately be used in drawing up a schematic eye for the camel. this will provide a tool for studying the visual capability of this animal. method: a-mo ... | 1998 | 12482323 |
| [a survey of echinococcus granulosus infection in camelus bactrianus in north xinjiang]. | to determine the situation and characteristics of echinococcus granulosus infection in camels (camelus bacterianus) in our country. | 1998 | 12078240 |
| [characteristics of development and morphology of echinococcus granulosus of camel origin in north xinjiang]. | to study the characteristics of development and morphology of e. granulosus of camel origin in north xinjiang. | 1998 | 12078243 |
| multiplicity and tissue specific expression of camel cytochrome p450(s). | the presence of multiple forms of the cytochrome p450 was demonstrated enzymatically in camel tissues using a variety of isoenzyme specific substrates and immunochemically using isoenzyme specific antibodies. the maximum catalytic activity using xenobiotics as substrate was observed in the liver followed by the kidney. however, lauric acid hydroxylation was found to be higher in the kidney than in any other tissues. camel liver microsomal monooxygenase activity using aniline, aminopyrene, ethoxy ... | 1998 | 9972462 |
| the specific variable domain of camel heavy-chain antibodies is encoded in the germline. | the variable domains of the functional heavy-chain antibodies (vhhs) discovered in camels are related to the human vh subgroup iii. they are nevertheless clearly distinguishable from the vhs of conventional four-chain immunoglobulins by the presence of important amino acid substitutions, located in the solvent-exposed surface normally covered by the variable domain of the light chain. the analysis of an unrearranged dromedary dna library revealed that the specific vhh gene with its characteristi ... | 1998 | 9466919 |
| studies on hydatidosis in slaughtered camels in egypt. | hydatid cyst or hydatidosis is a cyclozoonotic parasite of worldwide distribution. human and animal cases have been reported in egypt by many authors. also, the tape worm echinococcus granulosus has been reported in stray dogs. the present work studied hydatidosis in 400159 camels imported from sudan over five years (1992 to 1996) and slaughtered in governmental abattoirs under the supervision of govs. the overall annual prevalence rates of camel infection were 5.5% (1992), 6.1% (1993), 6.7% (19 ... | 1998 | 9914691 |
| some studies on the growth and development of echinococcus granulosus, camel origin in experimentally infected dogs. | development of echinococcus granulosus of camel subspecies in 35 experimentally infected dogs was performed at 3, 7, 10, 13, 18, 23, 35 and 56 days post-infection (d.p.i.). morphological characters of each developmental stage was studied and discussed. generally, the results indicate that the segmentation firstly appeared at 18 d.p.i. also, male and female genitalia could be detected at the same period. however, completely developed of genitalia appeared at 56 d.p.i. histological examination of ... | 1998 | 9914707 |
| diagnosis of trypanosoma evansi in saudi arabian camels (camelus dromedarius) by the passive haemagglutination test and ag-elisa. | the passive haemagglutination test and ag-elisa were employed to monitor antibody titres and antigenaemia levels in 4 najdi camels experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi. the two tests were also used to determine the prevalence of trypanosomiasis in a total of 218 najdi camels in the gassim region, central saudi arabia, during the period from october 1992 to september 1993. trypanosoma evansi antibodies in the experimentally infected camels rose after 14-21 days and reached a maximum of ... | 1998 | 9916554 |
| does cigarette print advertising adhere to the tobacco institute's voluntary advertising and promotion code? an assessment. | this investigation examined whether, despite the tobacco institute's voluntary cigarette advertising and promotion code, current cigarette print advertising communicates culturally positive messages to youth about smoking. | 1998 | 9922621 |
| tobacco industry promotion of cigarettes and adolescent smoking. | whether tobacco advertising and promotion increases the likelihood that youths will begin smoking has important public policy implications. | 1998 | 9480360 |
| mitochondrial genomic markers confirm the presence of the camel strain (g6 genotype) of echinococcus granulosus in north-western china. | twenty-eight isolates of e. granulosus, collected from humans at surgery, and a range of intermediate hosts, including sheep, cattle and camels from abattoirs in north and south xinjiang uygur autonomous region, people's republic of china, were analysed for dna sequence variation within regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i (coi) and nadh dehydrogenase subunit i (ndi) genes. the isolates were categorized into 2 distinct and uniform genotypic groupings, based on the sequences obtain ... | 1998 | 9481771 |
| isolation and characterisation of immunoglobulin g and igg subclasses of the african elephant (loxodonta africana). | immunoglobulins were precipitated from pooled african elephant sera with ammonium sulphate and separated by gel filtration and fast protein liquid chromatography (ion exchange). analysis of the fractions by sds-page showed igg of 150 kda with up to five subclasses, each having heavy chains of 57 kda and light chains of 27 kda. three monoclonal antibodies against human igg and polyclonal antibodies against canine, bovine, cameline, equine, phocine and feline igg showed strong cross-reactivity wit ... | 1998 | 9597308 |
| streptococcal peritonitis in a young dromedary camel. | a male dromedary camel was presented for a primary streptococcal zooepidemicus septic peritonitis. an underlying gross lesion was not identified during abdominal exploratory surgery. the camel responded to peritoneal lavage, peritoneal drainage and systemic antibiotic therapy. thrombophlebitis of the left jugular vein was diagnosed 14 days after surgery. the camel died of an unknown cause 24 days after surgery. | 1998 | 9612545 |
| contact toxicity of permethrin-impregnated fabric to hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (acari: ixodidae): effects of laundering and exposure and recovery times. | a previous study that documented enhanced host attachment by the camel ticks hyalomma dromedarii koch after permethrin exposure prompted a similar investigation of permethrin effects in h. anatolicum excavatum koch, an old world hardbacked tick suspected of vectoring human pathogens. contact toxicity tests were conducted with laboratory-colonized male and female h. a. excavatum of the same age exposed for periods of 5, 10, 30, and 60 min to each of 5 fabric treatments: unwashed/untreated; unwash ... | 1998 | 9615556 |
| myiasis caused by cephalopina titillator (clark) in slaughtered camels in al arish abattoir, north sinai governorate, egypt. | the oestrid fly or the camel nasal botfly cephalopina titillator (clark) is an insect that causes health hazards in camels. no doubt, camels are very important livestock particularly in arid and semi-arid lands. in this paper, the monthly and seasonal prevalence of c. titillator larvae in slaughtered camels were studied. the rate of camel infestation was 25%. the highest prevalence month was october and the highest prevalence season was autumn. the three larval instars were demonstrated in the i ... | 1998 | 9617044 |
| sequence analysis of camelus dromedarius milk caseins. | alpha s1-, alpha s2-, beta- and kappa-caseins from somali camels (camelus dromedarius) were purified by acid precipitation at ph 4.4, crudely separated into an alpha-cn and a beta-cn fraction and further purified by reversed-phase hplc. fragments of tryptic digests were sequenced. amino acid patterns obtained were used to screen a cdna library constructed from mrna from lactating udder tissue. full length clones corresponding to the four caseins were sequenced. the numbers of residues in the seq ... | 1998 | 9627840 |
| inhibition of camel lens zeta-crystallin/nadph: quinone oxidoreductase activity by chlorophenols. | chlorophenols comprise a major class of environmental contaminants. they are extensively used as insecticides, fungicides, mold inhibitors, antiseptics and disinfectants. we found some of these compounds to be strong inhibitors of zeta-crystallin. this oxidoreductase enzyme was isolated from camel lens and its enzymatic activity was inhibited by the chlorophenols tested in a time-independent but concentration-dependent manner. 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was the most potent inhibitor (ic50 = 3 microm; ... | 1998 | 9629540 |
| host range and the maintenance of haemonchus spp. in an adverse arid climate. | three haemonchus species (haemonchus contortus, haemonchus placei and haemonchus longistipes) live in sympatry in sahelian areas such as mauritania (west africa). four host species (dromedary, zebu cattle, sheep and goats) share the same pastures for several months per year. experimental infection by h. contortus or h. placei was achieved only poorly in dromedaries, and h. contortus or h. longistipes infection failed to establish in zebu cattle. conversely, h. placei and h. longistipes successfu ... | 1998 | 9512988 |
| molecular characterisation and hormone-dependent expression of the porcine whey acidic protein gene. | a 17.5 kda protein was isolated from porcine whey by reverse phase hplc and identified as a putative whey acidic protein (wap) homologue by sequencing 35 and 40 amino acid residues of the amino- and carboxy-terminus respectively. degenerate oligonucleotides to both of these amino acid sequences were designed and used in reverse transcriptase pcr with rna from lactating porcine mammary gland as a template. a 162 bp pcr fragment was detected and sequenced. compilation of the deduced and determined ... | 1998 | 9513079 |
| south american camelids in the united kingdom: population statistics, mortality rates and causes of death. | a survey of the health of south american camelids in the united kingdom was carried out between december 1992 and june 1993; 123 members of the british camelid owners and breeders association and 19 non-members were sent questionnaires and usable responses were received from 84 (59 per cent). in total 689 camelids were included, and in 1992, 66 per cent were ilama, 21 per cent alpaca and 13 per cent guanaco. their ages ranged from less than six months to over 10 years, with animals aged two to f ... | 1998 | 9519429 |
| poll glands of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius): a histochemical and scanning electron microscopic study. | poll glands of the one-humped camel were obtained to examine their secretory mechanism by lectin histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. the glands were composed of numerous conical lobules which consisted of apocrine tubules. lectins of peanut agglutinin (pna), dolicos biflorus agglutinin (dba) and wheat germ agglutinin (wga) showed a variety of staining in the golgi areas and secretory granules in secretory cells of the apocrine tubules. most myoepithelial cells ... | 1998 | 9526137 |
| growth, viability, and proteolytic activity of bifidobacteria in whole camel milk. | four species of bifidobacteria were evaluated for growth, viability, and proteolytic activity in whole camel milk, and comparison was made with whole cow milk. growth of all species in either whole milk was characterized by the appearance of two logarithmic phases following anaerobic incubation at 37 degrees c for 36 h. the growth rate of bifidobacterium longum 15,707 was higher in camel milk than in bovine milk and was higher for bifidobacterium angulatum 27,535 in bovine milk than in camel mil ... | 1998 | 9532489 |
| the gross anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion and its branches in the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus). | ten specimens of the head and neck of the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) were dissected to study the situation, arrangement and branches of the cranial cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale craniale). the ganglion was a greyish fusiform structure, averaging 15-20 mm in length, 4-6 mm in width and 3 mm in thickness, located on the rostro-lateral surface of the longus capitis and covered by the mandibular gland. the branches of the cranial cervical ganglion included the internal carotid nerve ... | 1998 | 9541984 |
| normal haematopoiesis, cellular components and stainable iron content in the bone marrow of camels (camelus dromedarius). | bone marrow samples were collected from the ribs of 20 healthy adult male iranian camels (camelus dromedarius). the bone marrow smears were stained using wright's stain. blood samples were collected at the same time for routine haematological examination. the development and morphology of the blood cells in the bone marrow of the camels were similar to those of other domestic species. the mean myeloid/erythroid ratio was 1.21, the mean erythroid percentage was 42.7% and the mean myeloid percenta ... | 1998 | 9541986 |
| [a case of echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst in a zoo born dromedary in the berlin-fridrichsfelde zoo]. | in germany, the threat to human health by the small fox tapeworm (echinococcus multilocularis) has been increasingly discussed in the last few years. on the other hand, the hydatid worm of the dog (echinococcus granulosus) became more and more rare in germany and was often declared to be eradicated. this paper presents a case of hydatid infection of the lung in an adult dromedary (camelus dromedarius), which was born and kept all its life at tierpark berlin-friedrichsfelde. questions connected w ... | 1998 | 9542809 |
| primary bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinoma in a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | 1998 | 9549871 | |
| plasma pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intramuscular furosemide in the camel (camelus dromedarius). | single bolus intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) doses of furosemide (1.5 mg kg(-1)) were administered in a crossover design to three female and three male adult, dromedary camels. plasma furosemide concentrations were assayed by hplc and sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations were measured using ion-selective electrodes. plasma furosemide concentration-time plots indicated multi-compartment disposition, and there was considerable intersubject variability in the pharmacokinetic pa ... | 1998 | 9557809 |
| prevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera from camels from egypt. | sera from camels from egypt were examined by the direct agglutination tests incorporating mercaptoethanol for antibodies to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii. antibodies to n. caninum were found in 6 of 161 camels in titers of 1:40 (2 camels) and 1:80, 1:160, 1:640, and 1:1280 in 1 camel each, using n. caninum formalin preserved whole tachyzoites as antigen. antibodies to t. gondii were found in 17.4% of 166 camels in titers of 1:25 (3 camels), 1:50 (18 camels). and > 1:500 (8 camels) using ... | 1998 | 9637230 |
| gross anatomy of the accessory nerve and vagus nerve of the head and cranial neck region in the bactrian camel. | seven heads and necks of bactrian camels were dissected to investigate the origin, course, branches and distribution of the accessory nerve and vagus nerve in the cranial cervical region. the spinal root and external branch of the accessory nerve were not present, but there was a delicate communicating branch between the dorsal root of the first cervical nerve and the root of the vagus nerve. the sternocephalic muscle was innervated by the second cervical nerve while the brachiocephalic and trap ... | 1998 | 9638079 |
| prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in camels (camelus dromedarius) in libya. | in an abattoir study, 514 camels, slaughtered for meat production in different areas of northern libya were examined for the presence of cystic echinococcosis (ce). in addition, 367 sheep and 184 goats were examined. the overall prevalence of infection with ce was 48% in camels, 15.8% in sheep and 3.8% in goats. the infection rate, number and size of cysts were significantly higher in older camels. in six city abattoirs across northern libya, i.e. zawia, tripoli, el-khumes, mesurata, sirt and be ... | 1998 | 9639897 |
| camel collision as a major cause of low cervical spinal cord injury. | one hundred and forty patients with low cervical spinal cord injuries, who were admitted to the riyadh armed forces hospital over the past 10 years were reviewed. motor vehicle accidents constituted 119 (85%) of the patients. camel collisions were a major cause of vehicle accidents 39 (33%), after rollover accidents 70 (59%), and much more than head on collisions 9 (7.5%). male to female ratio was 14:1 with a mean age of 32 years. camel collision although a commonly observed cause of motor vehic ... | 1998 | 9648198 |
| potent enzyme inhibitors derived from dromedary heavy-chain antibodies. | evidence is provided that dromedary heavy-chain antibodies, in vivo-matured in the absence of light chains, are a unique source of inhibitory antibodies. after immunization of a dromedary with bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase and porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase, it was demonstrated that a considerable amount of heavy-chain antibodies, acting as true competitive inhibitors, circulate in the bloodstream. in contrast, the conventional antibodies apparently do not interact with the enzyme's ac ... | 1998 | 9649422 |
| pathological studies on camelpox lesions of the respiratory system in the united arab emirates (uae). | three dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius), which died from generalized camelpox with lesions in the respiratory system, were investigated. histopathological lesions in the lung consisted of small, sometimes confluent foci of proliferated bronchial epithelium, necrosis and fibrosis. orthopoxvirus cameli was demonstrated in all three cases by transmission electron microscopy and the virus was isolated from the lung and trachea on dubca cells. it was proved by restriction enzyme analysis of the ... | 1998 | 9651803 |
| kinetics of the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in camel retina by cisplatin. | the inhibitory effect of cisplatin (cddp) on camel retina acetylcholinesterase (ache) was characterized. the cddp effect was independent of the time of incubation with ache before the addition of substrate, indicative of reversible inhibition. moreover, dilution data prove that cddp is a reversible inhibitor of camel retina ache. cisplatin inhibited ache activity of camel retina in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, the ic50 values being 5.32 and 0.196 mm at 5 min and 24 h incubation ti ... | 1998 | 9652796 |
| identification of a flunixin metabolite in camel by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | a flunixin metabolite, a hydroxylated product, has been identified in camel urine and plasma samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and gc-ms-ms in the electron impact and chemical ionization modes. its major fragmentation pattern has been verified by gc-ms-ms in daughter ion and parent ion scan modes. the method could detect flunixin and its metabolite in camel urine after a single intravenous dose of 2.2 mg of flunixin/kg body weight for 96 and 48 h, respectively, which inc ... | 1998 | 9657217 |
| protecting our kids from joe camel. | 1998 | 9663140 | |
| a comparison of camel dermatophilosis in kenya and sudan. | 1998 | 9668513 | |
| the activity of mixed function oxidases, estimated by in vivo antipyrine clearance, is similar in horses and camels. | the activity of hepatic mixed function oxidases was compared in horses and camels (camelus dromedarius) by studying the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine in seven camels and five horses following intravenous administration of a single dose of antipyrine (25 mg/kg). the data obtained (mean +/- sem and median in brackets) in camels and horses, respectively, were as follows: the elimination half-lives were 3.25 +/- 0.23 (3.19) and 3.09 +/- 0.25 (2.90) hr; the apparent volumes of distribution (area met ... | 1998 | 9669082 |
| physical, biochemical and cytologic properties of blood and synovial fluid in clinically normal adult camel (camelus dromedarius). | forty-three adult one-humped iranian camels (camelus dromedarius) were studied to determine their physical, cellular and biochemical parameters of synovial fluid and blood. all the animals were clinically normal with no clinical signs of locomotion problem. synovial fluid samples were taken from both elbow joints, and blood samples were also obtained from the jugular vein immediately prior to arthrocentesis. the synovial fluid appeared pale, creamy, and clear with no debris. no clot formation wa ... | 1998 | 9673571 |
| comparative studies on the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction and microscopic examination for the detection of trypanosoma evansi in experimentally infected mice. | trypanosoma evansi, a protozoan parasite in the blood of camels is routinely diagnosed by finding the flagellates in the wet films or stained smear of peripheral blood, examined under a microscope. although specific, this method is not sensitive at early stages of infection. we have tested the use of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the identification of t. evansi in different stages of infection in mice and compared its sensitivity with that of the standard microscopic examination method. usi ... | 1998 | 9681244 |
| indication of the presence of two distinct strains of echinococcus granulosus in iran by mitochondrial dna markers. | sixteen isolates of echinococcus granulosus, collected from iranian patients at surgery, and from domestic animals, including sheep, goats, cattle, and camels at slaughterhouses in tehran and central and southern iran were analyzed for dna nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence variation within regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i (coi) and nadh dehydrogenase subunit i (ndi) genes. a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, based on the dna ... | 1998 | 9684648 |
| on the inhibition of camel retina acetylcholinesterase activity by cycloheximide in vitro. | the kinetic parameters of inhibition of camel retinal acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity by cycloheximide (ch) were investigated. for the control system, the michaelis-menten constant (k(m)) for the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide was found to be 0.076 mmol/l and the vmax was 0.547 mumol/min per mg protein. in contrast, these parameters were decreased in the ch-treated systems. dixon and lineweaver-burk plots, and their secondary replots, indicated that the inhibition was of the linear ... | 1998 | 9689490 |
| amprolium-induced cerebrocortical necrosis (ccn) in dromedary racing camels. | amprolium was successfully used to induce cerebrocortical necrosis (ccn) in dromedary racing camels, only when they were fed on a barley diet. camels which were fed on hay ad libitum did not suffer form ccn, although their thiamine pyrophosphate (tpp) reached similar levels as in camels fed on barley. the reason for this phenomenon is discussed. five camels which suffered from ccn had tpp values of 80-115% and were euthanized on humane grounds when they were in lateral recumbency. pathohistologi ... | 1998 | 9719766 |
| prevalence and infection pattern of trypanosoma evansi in camels in mid-eastern sudan. | the antigen detection enzyme immunoassay (agelisa) in conjunction with parasitological examination of blood were used to study the enzootic situation of cameline trypanosomiasis in mid-eastern sudan. a one year survey showed that the infection is endemic among pastoral camels with a prevalence of 5.4% based on parasitological examination and 31.3% based on agelisa. the infection rate was higher during the dry period (november to may) than the wet season. young camels had a much lower infection r ... | 1998 | 9719837 |
| camel single-domain antibody inhibits enzyme by mimicking carbohydrate substrate. | whereas antibodies have demonstrated the ability to mimic various compounds, classic heavy/light-chain antibodies may be limited in their applications. first, they tend not to bind enzyme active site clefts. second, their size and complexity present problems in identifying key elements for binding and in using these elements to produce clinically valuable compounds. we have previously shown how cab-lys3, a single variable domain fragment derived from a lysozyme-specific camel antibody naturally ... | 1998 | 9726420 |
| structural analysis of the nurse shark (new) antigen receptor (nar): molecular convergence of nar and unusual mammalian immunoglobulins. | we recently have identified an antigen receptor in sharks called nar (new or nurse shark antigen receptor) that is secreted by splenocytes but does not associate with ig light (l) chains. the nar variable (v) region undergoes high levels of somatic mutation and is equally divergent from both ig and t cell receptors (tcr). here we show by electron microscopy that nar v regions, unlike those of conventional ig and tcr, do not form dimers but rather are independent, flexible domains. this unusual f ... | 1998 | 9751746 |
| internal carotid artery injury and occlusion from camel collision. | 1998 | 9755336 | |
| biochemical analysis of serum and cerebrospinal fluid in clinically normal adult camels (camelus dromedarius). | the concentrations of total protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, copper, magnesium, and iron and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alanine aminotransferase, (alt), alkaline phosphatase (alp), lactate dehydrogenase (ld), creatine kinase (ck) and amylase were determined in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum from 21 clinically healthy adult camels. the concentrations of sodium, potassiu ... | 1998 | 9769078 |
| inhibition of camel lens zeta-crystallin/nadph:quinone oxidoreductase by pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. | camel lens zeta-crystallin was inhibited by pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (pal-p) and o-phthalaldehyde. pal-p inactivated zeta-crystallin in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. the initial rate of inactivation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with the second-order rate constant of 91 m-1 s-1. the modified enzyme showed the characteristic absorption peak at 325 nm indicative of the formation of phosphopyridoxallysine. quantitative analysis suggested the incorporation of 1 mole of pal-p/subun ... | 1998 | 9774726 |
| adolescents' responses to cigarette advertisements: links between exposure, liking, and the appeal of smoking. | to evaluate adolescents' responses to cigarette advertisements for different brands. | 1998 | 9789930 |
| surface ultrastructure of fetal bronchial epithelium in camel. | the surface ultrastructural features of fetal camel bronchial epithelium were studied at various stages of development. the bronchial epithelium in fetuses of 90-280 mm crown-to-rump length (crl) presented a large number of disintegrating sloughed epithelial cells and a few ciliogenic cells at different stages of ciliary differentiation. the disintegrating cells had vacuolated electron lucent cytoplasm, which contained variable amounts of glycogen, swollen mitochondria, strands of dilated rough ... | 1998 | 9795694 |
| n-ethylmaliemide (nem)-stimulated potassium transport in camel erythrocytes. | in this study n-ethylmaliemide (nme)-stimulated, ouabain-resistant potassium influx in camel erythrocytes was measured using the radioactive rubidium tracer 86rb+. the results showed that camel erythrocytes responded to nem pretreatment by a threefold increase in influx which was cl- dependent. the anion dependence of k+ influx in pre-treated cells was br- > cl- > no3-. the ph dependence curve for nem-stimulated k+ influx and the combination between volume and nem stimulation in camel erythrocyt ... | 1998 | 9805482 |
| the arterial supply of the metacarpophalangeal joint in the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus). | the arterial supply of the six metacarpophalangeal joints was studied in bactrian camels. the arterial branches supplying the metacarpophalangeal joints were derived from the metacarpal distal perforating, medial and lateral branches of the palmar metacarpal artery iii, medial and lateral branches of the palmar common digital artery iii and the abaxial palmar proper digital arteries iii and iv. these arterial branches were the proximal dorsoaxial distal metacarpal, distal dorsoaxial distal metac ... | 1998 | 9810632 |
| pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and dosage regimen of sulphadiazine (sdz) in camels (camelus dromedarius). | the pharmacokinetics of sulphadiazine (sdz) (100 mg/kg, body weight) were investigated in six camels (camelus dromedarius) after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration. following i.v. administration, the overall elimination rate constant (beta) was 0.029 +/- 0.001/h and the half-life (t1/2beta) was 23.14 +/- 1.06 h. the apparent volume of distribution (vd(area)) was 0.790 +/- 0.075 l/kg and the total body clearance (clb) was 23.29 +/- 2.50 ml/h/kg. after p.o. administration, sdz reach ... | 1998 | 9811441 |
| comparative study of copper and zinc metabolism in cattle and camel. | at an experimental farm, five camels and five cows were fed a similar basal diet for 6 mo. they received oral trace element supplementation for 3 mo (day 22-112). this supplementation included zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, iodine, and cobalt, and corresponded to twice the requirements generally recommended for cows. plasma copper and zinc concentrations were significantly lower in the camels (61 micrograms/100 ml for copper and 38 micrograms/100 ml for zinc) than in the cows (111 and 83, re ... | 1998 | 9823434 |
| augmented water binding and low cellular water content in erythrocytes of camel and camelids. | we investigated a link between hemoglobin primary structure, hemoglobin hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity, and erythrocyte water content in various mammalian species. some hemoglobin molecules, particularly those of the camel and camelids, contain more charged amino acid residues and are more hydrophilic than the hemoglobins of human and a number of other mammalian species. to test the in vivo significance of these alterations of hemoglobin primary structure, we determined the osmotically unresponsi ... | 1998 | 9826628 |
| pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid and its detection time in urine after intravenous administration of the drug in camels (camelus dromedarius). | to document tolfenamic acid disposition variables, identify its major phase-1 metabolite and fragmentation pattern, and establish detection time in urine after single iv bolus administration to make recommendations on avoiding violative residues in racing camels. | 1998 | 9829406 |
| 'camel collision as a major cause of low cervical spinal cord injury'. spinal cord (1998) 36, 415-417. | 1998 | 9848491 | |
| outbreaks of dermatophilus congolensis infection in camels (camelus dromedarius) from the butana region in eastern sudan. | natural dermatophilus congolensis infection of camels has been reported in kenya in semi-arid areas. research is being conducted to discover how widespread the condition is in neighbouring countries with similar eco-climatic conditions. severe skin infections of camels from the butana region of eastern sudan were examined. the infections were first found in two herds of adult camels, of which 50%-75% of the animals were affected. in the other thirteen herds examined, camel calves were more likel ... | 1998 | 9850545 |
| an outbreak of a mixed infection of dermatophilus congolensis and microsporum gypseum in camels (camelus dromedarius) in saudi arabia. | although both dermatophilus congolensis and microsporum gypseum infections have been reported separately in camels, mixed infection involving both agents has not been reported to date. the authors describe a mixed infection of d. congolensis and m. gypseum in camels reared on a dairy farm in saudi arabia. a total of 131 out of 559 camels (23.4%) were affected. forty-eight camels less than one year of age had discrete, circumscribed, crusty, hairless lesions, found in particular on the neck and f ... | 1998 | 9850546 |
| comparative relationship between copper-zinc plasma concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity in camels and cows. | on an experimental farm, five camels and five cows were fed with a similar basal diet over a 6-month period. they received an oral trace element supplement for 3 months (days 22-112). this supplement contained zinc and copper sulphate, and corresponded to twice the daily requirement generally recommended for cows. plasma zinc and copper concentrations were significantly lower in camels (44 micrograms/100 ml for copper and 38 micrograms/100 ml for zinc) than in cows (106 and 83 micrograms/100 ml, ... | 1998 | 9851012 |
| morphological and developmental characteristics of echinococcus granulosus derived from sheep, cattle and camels in iran. | echinococcus granulosus is widely distributed throughout iran, where a variety of animals act as intermediate hosts. in this study, the development and morphological characteristics of e. granulosus of sheep, cattle and camel origin were compared and, overall, the characteristics of larval and adult isolates from sheep and cattle, although similar, showed significant differences from those of the camel isolates, especially with respect to the size of rostellar hooks. differences in the fertility ... | 1998 | 9858631 |
| pulmonary development in the fetal one-humped camel: morphometry. | the structural development of the fetal camel lung is described and quantified morphometrically in this report. during fetal development the lung weight and volume increased polynomially with body length. the correlation coefficient between lung weight and body length is +0.991, and between lung volume and body length is +0.995. volume density of the future bronchial tree showed a progressive increment with gestational age and is relatively higher in male than female fetuses, and the differences ... | 1998 | 9862040 |
| localization and migration route of cephalopina titillator (diptera: oestridae) larvae in the head of infested camels (camelus dromedarius). | the localization and migration routes of cephalopina titillator larvae were studied in the heads of 45 naturally infested camels. larvae were located in the pharyngeal cavity (95.6%), the labyrinth of the ethmoid bone (71.1%), the turbinates (28.9%) and the lower nasal meatus (6.7%). out of 261 first-instar larvae, 73.7% were found in the labyrinth of the ethmoid bone and 26.3% in the turbinates, while 88.9% of second-instar larvae were observed in the pharyngeal cavity and 11.1% in the labyrint ... | 1998 | 9877072 |
| traffic of the tick embryo basic protein during embryogenesis of the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii (acari: ixodidae). | the tick embryo basic protein (tebp) is present in the nucleus as a counterpart of histones at early embryonic stages of the tick hyalomma dromedarii. the sharp drop in the tebp nuclear level and elimination of the n-terminal dipeptide (leucine-serine) between days 12 and 15 after oviposition suggested the transport of tebp to the cytoplasm for protein turnover. the traffic of tebp during tick embryogenesis was examined. the level of tebp was detected in the cytoplasm from the different embryoni ... | 1998 | 10095826 |
| recognition of cigarette brand names and logos by primary schoolchildren in ankara, turkey. | to assess the smoking behaviour of primary schoolchildren and their ability to recognise brand names and logos of widely advertised cigarettes, compared with other commercial products intended for children. | 1998 | 10093173 |
| control of luteolysis in the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | blood plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto pgf2 alpha (pgfm) were measured in groups of mature non-pregnant and pregnant camels to study pgf2 alpha release patterns around the time of luteolysis and the timing of the signal for pregnancy recognition. injection of each of four camels with 10 and 50 mg of pgf2 alpha showed clearly that five times the dose of exogenous hormone produced five times the amount of pgfm in peripheral plasma, thereby indicating that, as in other animal species, ... | 1998 | 10070348 |
| serum progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations during pregnancy of bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus). | serum progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol during pregnancy in the bactrian camel were measured by radioimmunoassay. serum progesterone concentrations increased by 15 d after artificial insemination (ai) and remained elevated throughout most of gestation, the mean concentrations (3.06 +/- 0.49 to 8.51 +/- 4.80 ng/ml) were similar to those reported for many species during the same stage of pregnancy. serum 17 beta-estradiol increased significantly from 11 m.o. of pregnancy with peak mean concentrat ... | 1998 | 10732150 |
| south american camelids in the united kingdom: reproductive failure, pregnancy diagnosis and neonatal care. | the results of a postal questionnaire survey conducted between december 1992 and march 1993 indicated that a third of mated female south american camelids in the united kingdom failed to produce offspring. this failure did not include abortions or stillbirths, which accounted for up to 4 per cent and up to 3 per cent of further reproductive losses respectively. the most common method of pregnancy diagnosis was observation (40 to 70 per cent). plasma progesterone estimations and ultrasonography w ... | 1998 | 9533292 |
| a quantitative study on the retial arteries in one-humped camels. | the brain arteries of camels were injected with latex and the rostral epidural rete mirabile, which is situated inside the cavernous sinus at the base of the brain, was studied both grossly and quantitatively. the rostral epidural rete mirabile is formed by the retial branches of the maxillary and external ophthalmic arteries and also the internal carotid artery. when the ratio of the blood supply to the rete was estimated from the diameter of each vessel, it was found that the branches of the m ... | 1998 | 9728280 |
| child and family focus. working together to develop integrated systems of care. | we've all heard the jokes about the nature of committee work: "a camel is a horse designed by committee." or, "a committee is a group of the unwilling unprepared to do the unnecessary." in the current case, nothing could be farther from the truth. over the past year, we were very fortunate to be able to gather a group of experts who were more than willing, and prepared, to do the very necessary. representing all areas of children's behavioral healthcare, these respected leaders of the field work ... | 1997 | 10175228 |
| an investigation of camelpox outbreaks in two principal camel (camelus dromedarius) rearing areas of kenya. | in 1992, during an investigation into camelpox in two principal camel-rearing areas of kenya, the disease was found in 1,100 camels at a prevalence of 6% in turkana and 27% in samburu. in turkana, outbreaks were detected in two herds of young animals, while in samburu, outbreaks were found in two herds of adult animals, as well as in two herds of young camels. in all cases, there was 100% morbidity in the affected herds. when young camels were involved, the main lesions were confined to the mout ... | 1997 | 9567310 |
| comparison of recent trends in adolescent and adult cigarette smoking behaviour and brand preferences. | to compare trends in smoking behaviour and use of cigarette brands by adults and adolescents. | 1997 | 9583650 |
| discrepancies in cigarette brand sales and adult market share: are new teen smokers filling the gap? | to examine the extent and type of cigarette brand switching by adult smokers. to evaluate discrepancies between actual and projected cigarette brand sales based on changes in adult smoking patterns. | 1997 | 9583651 |
| intraspecific variation of echinococcus granulosus and related species with emphasis on their infectivity to humans. | four species are presently recognised within the genus echinococcus, namely echinococcus granulosus, e. multilocularis, e. oligarthrus and e. vogeli, which are infective to humans. evidence for strain diversity within the species e. granulosus, previously mainly based on morphological, biological and biochemical features, has been principally confirmed by recent genetic studies. several molecular techniques are now available which allow the identification of e. granulosus strains. epidemiologica ... | 1997 | 9095286 |
| t-lymphocyte cytokine mrna expression in cystic echinococcosis. | in the present study we investigated cytokine mrna expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from patients with cystic echinococcosis (ce) after stimulation with different antigens. by using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) we could demonstrate that restimulation with crude echinococcus granulosus antigen (eg-ag) induced or enhanced th2 cytokine mrna expression, especially il-5 (by using antigen from sheep cyst fluid) in 23 out of 26 investigated ce patients ... | 1997 | 9095287 |
| sero diagnosis of hydatid disease. | two serological test, double agar gel diffusion test (dd5t) and indirect haemagglutination test (ihat) were performed for diagnosis of hydatid disease. correlation of their results with eosinophilia were also made. dd5t gave higher sensitivity (100%) than ihat which gave 95%. out of the serologically positive patients, only 50% had eosinophilia. sheep hydatid antigen was more potent than camel antigen. the supernatant lyophilized sheep antigen was the best antigen used. | 1997 | 9097528 |
| first compartment cannulation of the dromedary camel. | this study presents and discusses a relatively simple, successful method for the long term cannulation of the first compartment of the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | 1997 | 9112740 |
| effect of tactile stimulation on serum lactate in the newborn rat. | maturation of the cns in neonatal animals is dependent upon both sensory input and the constant availability of metabolic fuel. previous reports indicate that the preferred metabolic substrate for the developing rat brain is lactate. in this study, we used the neonatal sprague-dawley rat to investigate a possible interactive role between touch and the regulation of serum lactate. two hundred and fifty rats (postnatal d 0-7) were exposed to a standard tactile stimulation (ts) regimen to mimic non ... | 1997 | 9167199 |
| pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in camels. | to document disposition variables of phenylbutazone and its metabolite, oxyphenbutazone, in camels (camelus dromedarius) after single i.v. bolus administration of phenylbutazone, with a view to making recommendation on avoiding violative residues in racing camels. | 1997 | 9185972 |
| evaluation of various diagnostic techniques for trypanosoma evansi infections in naturally infected camels. | one hundred and eight camels (camelus dromedarius) from trypanosoma evansi endemic areas of the thar desert of rajasthan state, india, were evaluated by various diagnostic tests including parasitological tests (wet blood film-wbf, stained thick blood film), chemical test (mercuric chloride), biological test (mouse subinoculation-msi), and immunodiagnostic tests based on antibody detection (double immunodiffusion test-did, card agglutination test-catt), antigen detection (double antibody sandwich ... | 1997 | 9187029 |
| kids, cancer, and the joe camel connection. | 1997 | 9196129 | |
| isolation of streptococcus equi subspecies equi (strangles agent) from an ethiopian camel. | 1997 | 9203321 | |
| kinetics of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibition by cis-diamminediaquaplatinum (ii). | this work addresses the kinetic studies for the interaction of cis-diamminediaquaplatinum (ii) ¿cis-[pt(nh3)2(h2o)2]2+¿, (ddp) with human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (ache). the ks for the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide (asch) by ache was 0.077 mm in the control system, the value decreased by 14-38% in the ddp treated systems. the vmax was 1.34 mumole/min/mg protein for the control system while it was decreased by 26-57% in the ddp treated systems. the lineweaver-burk plot, dixon pl ... | 1997 | 9494556 |
| evaluation of the nature of camel retinal acetylcholinesterase: inhibition by hexamethonium. | acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 3.1.1.7) has been demonstrated in retinas of several species, however, the nature of the interaction of ache with specific inhibitors are very limited in the literature and the mode of inhibition of camel retinal ache by hexamethonium has been studied. hexamethonium reversibly inhibited ache in a concentration dependent manner, the ic50 value being c. 2.52 mm. the km for the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide was found to be 0.087 mm and the vmax was 0.63 mumol ... | 1997 | 9502051 |
| genital myiasis (wohlfahrtiosis) in camel herds of mongolia. | genital infestations caused by wohlfahrtia magnifica (schiner, 1862) has been reported as being a common problem encountered in female camels in the gobi desert. thus, a field investigation to establish the prevalence of wohlfarthiosis in camel herds in the eastern gobi district was carried out between may and july 1994. the objectives of the study were to establish the relevance of genital myiasis, and to describe the disease patterns, clinical course and pathomorphological changes associated w ... | 1997 | 9477520 |
| immunohistochemical identification of pancreatic hormones, neuropeptides and cytoskeletal proteins in pancreas of the camel (camelus dromedarius). | the patterns of distribution of insulin (ins), glucagon (glu), atrial natriuretic peptide (anp), neuropeptide-y (npy), cholecystokinin-octapeptide (cck-8), neurofilament-200 protein (nf), s-100 protein (s-100), and vimentin (vim) in the pancreas of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) were investigated using immunohistochemical techniques. ins-immunoreactive cells were observed in the central and peripheral parts of the islets of langerhans, but some solitary ins-positive cells were found ... | 1997 | 8989875 |
| the inhibitory effect of the neuromuscular blocking agent, gallamine triethiodide, on camel retina acetylcholinesterase activity. | the present investigation addresses the mode of inhibition of the camel retinal acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity by gallamine triethiodide, which is known to be a specific non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent and polar cholinergic antagonist. this study gave the following results: it was found that gallamine (ga) reversibly inhibited the ache activity in a concentration dependent manner, the ic50 being about 0.633 mm. the km for the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide by ache was ... | 1997 | 9020401 |