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a novel (18)o inverse labeling-based workflow for accurate bottom-up mass spectrometry quantification of proteins separated by gel electrophoresis.in the present work we report on a novel and fast protocol for accurate bottom-up protein quantification that overcomes the drawbacks of in-gel digestion and maldi analysis, while maintaining their benefits. it relies on the following steps: (i) gel electrophoresis separation of proteins, (ii) fast in-gel protein digestion with trypsin, (iii) (18)o-labeling through the decoupled method, (iv) quantification through selected peptides previously chosen using the (18)o inverse labeling approach and ...201020882554
trypanosomiasis-induced th17-like immune responses in carp.in mammalian vertebrates, the cytokine interleukin (il)-12 consists of a heterodimer between p35 and p40 subunits whereas interleukin-23 is formed by a heterodimer between p19 and p40 subunits. during an immune response, the balance between il-12 and il-23 can depend on the nature of the pathogen associated molecular pattern (pamp) recognized by, for example tlr2, leading to a preferential production of il-23. il-23 production promotes a th17-mediated immune response characterized by the product ...201020885956
mass mortality associated with koi herpesvirus in wild common carp in canada.koi herpesvirus (khv) was identified as being associated with more than one mortality event affecting common carp in canada. the first was an extensive mortality event that occurred in 2007 in the kawartha lakes region, ontario, affecting lakes scugog and pigeon. fish had branchial necrosis and hepatic vasculitis with an equivocal interstitial nephritis. several fish also had branchial columnaris. subsequent mortality events occurred in 2008 in additional bodies of water in south-central ontario ...201020966274
the tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1 of sciaenops ocellatus possesses antimicrobial activity and is involved in the immune response against bacterial infection.tissue factor pathway inhibitor 1 (tfpi-1) is a kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor that regulates the activation of tissue factor-induced coagulation. in teleosts, tfpi-1-like sequences have been found to exist in two species (danio rerio and cyprinus carpio); however, the potential function of fish tfpi-1 has not been investigated. in this study, we identified and analyzed a tfpi-1 homologue, sotfpi-1, from red drum (sciaenops ocellatus). the deduced amino acid sequence of sotfpi-1 is 284 re ...201020970444
prevalence and sequence comparison of phyllodistomum folium from zebra mussel and from freshwater fish in the ebro river.we utilised dna analysis to detect the presence of the digenean phyllodistomum folium in three cyprinid species, scardinius erythrophthalmus, cyprinus carpio and rutilus rutilus. dna sequencing of the region containing the genes its1-5.8s-its2 revealed 100% sequence identity between dna from the sporocysts found in zebra mussels and dna from adults located in the urinary system of 29 cyprinid fish. a second genetically different (variation=1.6%) sequence was observed in two samples from r. rutil ...201020971214
derivation and characterization of embryonic stem-like cells of indian major carp catla catla.embryonic stem (es)-like cells were derived from mid-blastula stage embryos of a freshwater fish, catla catla catla, under feeder-free condition and designated as cces cells. the conditioned media was optimized with 10% foetal bovine serum (fbs), fish embryo extract (fee) having 100 µg ml(-1) protein concentration, 15 ng ml(-1) basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) and basic media containing leibovitz-15, dmem with 4·5 g l(-1) glucose and ham's f12 (ldf) in 2:1:1 ratio using a primary culture of ...201021039493
identification of calcium-binding proteins in fish seminal plasma.calcium ions play an important role in the activation of fish sperm movement. the mechanism of their binding in semen is still unknown. the goal of this study was the development of a method for identifying calcium-binding proteins in fish seminal plasma. two methods of calcium-binding proteins detection were tested with the use of quin2 and stains-all dyes. the first method was useful for the identification of calcium-binding proteins of fish seminal plasma. it consisted of proteins separation ...201021042848
expression of immune-related genes in rohu labeo rohita (hamilton) by experimental freshwater lice argulus siamensis (wilson) infection.the crustacean ectoparasite, argulus poses one of the major threats to carp culture due to absence of any suitable control measure. the study was undertaken to determine the expression of immune-related genes in three major immunocompetent organs viz., kidney, skin and liver of rohu (labeo rohita) during experimental freshwater lice argulus siamensis infection. results showed that the expression of tlr 22-like, lysozyme g and β2-microglobulin genes in kidney was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) down-reg ...201021051150
biologic responses of bacteria communities living at the mucus secretion of common carp (cyprinus carpio) after exposure to the carbon nanomaterial fullerene (c(60)).bacteria communities living in mucus secretions of common carp cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae) were exposed to the organic nanomaterial fullerene (c(60)) to evaluate its potential bactericidal effects. end points analyzed were viability, growth, reactive oxygen species (ros) concentration, and total antioxidant competence against peroxyl radicals. viability was not affected (p > 0.05), whereas growth was arrested (p < 0.05) after 3 hours of exposure to the three concentration of c(60) assayed (0.1, ...201021072630
toxicological responses of cyprinus carpio after exposure to a commercial herbicide containing imazethapyr and imazapic.cyprinus carpio was exposed to imazethapyr and imazapic at laboratory and at field conditions. the laboratory experiment was carried out for 7 days and at rice field for 7, 30 and 90 days. oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant profile were studied as well as metabolic parameters. after 7 days, brain ache activity increases in laboratory and field, but in muscle, reduction was observed only in laboratory. at the same period, brain and muscle tbars and liver cat increase in the laboratory. m ...201021095003
the rapid generation of chimerical genes expanding protein diversity in zebrafish.variation of gene number among species indicates that there is a general process of new gene origination. one of the major mechanism providing raw materials for the origin of new genes is gene duplication. retroposition, as a special type of gene duplication- the rna-based duplication, has been found to play an important role in new gene evolution in mammals and plants, but little is known about the process in the teleostei genome.201021106061
differential responses to natural and recombinant allergens in a murine model of fish allergy.aerosolized fish proteins are an important cause of allergic airway reactions in both the domestic and the occupational environment. the aim of this study was to investigate inhalant fish-induced allergy in a mouse model and compare immune responses generated by raw and heat-treated fish extracts as well as natural and recombinant forms of the major fish allergen parvalbumin. mice were sensitized with raw or cooked pilchard extract and challenged intranasally with cooked pilchard extract, purifi ...201021112638
cyprinid herpesvirus 3.the recently designated cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is an emerging agent that causes fatal disease in common and koi carp. since its emergence in the late 1990s, this highly contagious pathogen has caused severe financial losses in common and koi carp culture industries worldwide. in addition to its economic role, recent studies suggest that cyhv-3 may have a role in fundamental research. cyhv-3 has the largest genome among viruses in the order herpesvirales and serves as a model for mutagen ...201021122210
hippocampal carp over-expression solidifies consolidation of contextual fear memories.the doublecortin-like kinase (dclk) gene is involved in neuronal migration during development. through alternative splicing the dclk gene also produces a transcript called ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (camk)-related peptide (carp) that is expressed exclusively during adulthood in response to neuronal activity. the function of carp, however, is poorly understood. to study carp function, we have generated transgenic mice with over-expression of the carp transcript in, amongst other b ...201021130104
activity and function of rabbit muscle-specific creatine kinase at low temperature by mutation at gly268 to asn268.carp muscle-specific creatine kinase m1 isoenzyme (m1-ck) seems to have evolved to adapt to synchronized changes in body temperature and intracellular ph. when gly(268) in rabbit muscle-specific creatine kinase was substituted with asn(268) as found in carp m1-ck, the rabbit muscle-specific ck g286n mutant specific activity at ph 8.0 and 10°c was more than 2-fold higher than that in the wild-type rabbit enzyme. kinetic studies showed that k(m) values of the rabbit ck g268n mutant were similar to ...201021130895
the ontogeny of mauthner cells in the brain of labeo rohita as revealed by nadph-d and nnos immunohistochemistry.nitric oxide (no) is well demonstrated to act as a neuronal messenger in neurotransmission in vertebrate animals. we are for the first time reporting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (nadph-d) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nnos) in the mauthner cells (mc) of the carp, labeo rohita brain during post-embryonic development. the nadph-d and nnos-positive mc were seen intensely labeled in all young stages on either side of the ventricle in the hindbrain. in adult, these ce ...201021132510
the application of hcg, cph and ovopel in successful artificial reproduction of goldfish (carassius auratus auratus) under controlled conditions.artificial reproduction of fish is one of the main goals of aquaculture production. the aim of this study is to optimize the method of goldfish reproduction under controlled conditions by comparing the effectiveness of carp pituitary homogenate (cph), ovopel and human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg), administered as a one-off dose and inducing two spawns in the same fish within a short time period. goldfish spawners were stimulated with hcg, cph and ovopel, and the results were compared to the fish ...201021134006
generation of monoclonal antibodies specific for orf68 of koi herpesvirus.outbreaks of koi herpesvirus (khv) infection in carp are still a serious problem worldwide. khv is closely related to other two cyprinid herpesviruses, pox herpesvirus (chv) and haematopoietic necrosis herpesvirus (cyhv-2) in goldfish. in this study, two major khv antigenic proteins (orf62 and orf68) were identified by immunoscreening using a khv-specific polyclonal antibody, and then monoclonal antibodies were generated for immunodiagnostic studies. after screening hybridoma cells, one mab agai ...201021134694
inclusion of atlantic salmon in the chinese diet reduces cardiovascular disease risk markers in dyslipidemic adult men.although the beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids on several physiologic functions have been widely reported, information about the effects of oily fish in the asian diet on cardiovascular disease (cvd) risk is diminutive. we hypothesize that daily inclusion of oily fish for 8 weeks in the chinese diet will elevate serum eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha) levels and reduce cvd risk markers in dyslipidemic adult men, comparable with the effects generally observed by inclu ...201020797476
integrated biological and chemical analysis of organochlorine compound pollution and of its biological effects in a riverine system downstream the discharge point.pollution in riverine systems, along with its biological effects, may propagate downstream even at considerable distances. we analyzed the organochlorine compound (oc) pollution in a section of the low ebro river (northeast spain) downstream a long-operating chlor-alkali plant. maximal levels of ocs and of their associated dioxin-like biological activity occurred in residue samples from the plant, and persisted in river sediments some 40km downstream (xerta site). biological analysis at multiple ...201020800876
fetuin-a and cystatin c are endogenous inhibitors of human meprin metalloproteases.meprin α and β, zinc metalloproteinases, play significant roles in inflammation, including inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), possibly by activating cytokines, like interleukin 1β, interleukin 18, or tumor growth factor α. although a number of potential activators for meprins are known, no endogenous inhibitors have been identified. in this work, we analyzed the inhibitory potential of human plasma and identified bovine fetuin-a as an endogenous meprin inhibitor with a k(i) (inhibition constant) ...201020806899
cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein (carp)-1 is a novel, adriamycin-inducible, diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbl) growth suppressor.diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlcl) accounts for 30-40% of adult non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl). current anti-nhl therapies often target cellular growth suppression pathways and include r-chop (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone plus monoclonal anti-cd20 antibody rituximab). however, since many patients relapse, resistant cells to these therapies remain a significant problem and necessitate development of new intervention strategies. cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory prot ...201020809119
a unique feature of toll/il-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein is partially responsible for lipopolysaccharide insensitivity in zebrafish with a highly conserved function of myd88.myd88 and toll/il-1r domain-containing adaptor protein (tirap) are required for the tlr4 response to lps stimulation in mammals, but the functions of the two adaptors and their involvement in zebrafish insensitivity to lps remains unknown. we present a functional analysis of zebrafish myd88 and tirap and suggest that myd88 is more important than tirap for the activation of tlr-mediated nf-kappab, which may be a novel mechanism of myd88-dependent tlr signaling in teleosts. zebrafish tirap lacks t ...201020702732
cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of toll-like receptor-7 cdna from common carp, cyprinus carpio l.the toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7) is activated by single strand rna and rna-like compounds (imidazoquinoline), and it induces interferon production. we identified and described carp tlr7 cdna and its mrna expression. the full-length cdna of carp tlr7 gene is 3427 bp, encoding 1049 amino acids (ab553573). the similarities of carp tlr7 with zebrafish, rainbow trout, fugu, and human tlr7 were 89.6, 83.4, 80.6 and 74.6%, respectively, at the amino acid sequence level. furthermore, the expression of tl ...201020709611
development and evaluation of a sensitive and quantitative assay for hirame rhabdovirus based on quantitative rt-pcr.the aim of the present work was to develop a quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assay using a taqman probe to detect and quantify hirame rhabdovirus (hrv). the results demonstrated that the assay had a detection limit of 100 copies of rna per reaction and a log-linear range up to 10(8) copies of hrv rna. regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation with an r(2) value of 0.9963 and a slope of -3.18 between the mean c(t) values and hrv crna. this a ...201020723563
effect of withania somnifera (l. dunal) root as a feed additive on immunological parameters and disease resistance to aeromonas hydrophila in labeo rohita (hamilton) fingerlings.the present study evaluated the efficacy of dietary doses of withania somnifera (ashwagandha) root powder on immunological parameters and disease resistance against the bacterial pathogen aeromonas hydrophila infections in indian major carp, labeo rohita fingerlings. fishes were fed with dry diet containing 0 gkg(-1) (control), 1 gkg(-1) (t(1)), 2 gkg(-1) (t(2)) and 3 gkg(-1) (t(3)) w. somnifera root powder for 42 days. immunological (nbt level, phagocytic activity, total immunoglobulin and lyso ...201020580830
socializing makes thick-skinned individuals: on the density of epidermal alarm substance cells in cyprinid fish, the crucian carp (carassius carassius).in cyprinid fish, density of epidermal club cells (i.e. alarm substance cells) has been found to vary between lakes with different predator fauna. because predators can be labelled with chemical cues from prey, we questioned if club cell density could be controlled indirectly by predators releasing prey cues. in particular, we suspected a possible feedback mechanism between chemical alarm signals and their cellular source. we raised crucian carp singly and in groups of four. for both rearing typ ...201020582591
[polymorphism of microsatellite markers in breeds of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) of russian breeding].using five microsatellite loci, genotyping and genetic diversity estimates were obtained for nine samples representing seven common carp breeds most widespread in russia. for comparison, the samples of amur wild common carp (cyprinus carpio haematopterus) and a sample of european hungarian common carp were used. in the samples examined (n = 148) a total of 78 alleles were revealed. the highest mean allele number per locus (4.3) was identified in amur wild common carp, while the lowest number was ...201020583601
a novel mechanism of cell growth regulation by cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein (carp)-1.abstract:201020594350
[investigations on ligula intestinalis plerocercoid l., 1758 infection of some fishes from dam lake kunduzlar (kirka, eskişehir).].in this study, the presence of ligula intestinalis plerocercoid in some fish species (cyprinus carpio, carassius gibelio, barbus plebejus, capoeta tinca, chondrostoma nasus, leuciscus cephalus, alburnus escherichii) from the kunduzlar dam, turkey was investigated between august 2008 and may 2009. by the end of the study, ligula intestinalis plerocercoid haqs been identified in the body cavity of 3 host fishes [chondrostoma nasus (1.1%, 5.0+/-0), leuciscus cephalus (12.1%, 1.5+/-0,6), and alburnu ...201020597057
a novel role for cardiac ankyrin repeat protein ankrd1/carp as a co-activator of the p53 tumor suppressor protein.the muscle ankyrin repeat protein (marp) family member ankrd1/carp is a part of the titin-mechanosensory signaling complex in the sarcomere and in response to stretch it translocates to the nucleus where it participates in the regulation of cardiac genes as a transcriptional co-repressor. several studies have focused on its structural role in muscle, but its regulatory role is still poorly understood. to gain more insight into the regulatory function of ankrd1/carp we searched for transcription ...201020599664
common carp have two subclasses of bonyfish specific antibody igz showing differential expression in response to infection.immunoglobulin heavy chains identified in bony fish are broadly classified into three classes namely igm, igd and igz. the most recently described isotype is igz, a teleosts-fish specific isotype that shows variations in gene structure across teleosts. in this study we have identified two igz subclasses in common carp. igz1 is a four constant heavy chain domains containing antibody isolated across teleosts and igz2 is a two constant domains containing heavy chain chimera with a μ1 and ζ4 domain. ...201020600275
characterization of c1q in teleosts: insight into the molecular and functional evolution of c1q family and classical pathway.c1qs are key components of the classical complement pathway. they have been well documented in human and mammals, but little is known about their molecular and functional characteristics in fish. in the present study, full-length cdnas of c1qa, c1qb, and c1qc from zebrafish (danio rerio) were cloned, revealing the conservation of their chromosomal synteny and organization between zebrafish and other species. for functional analysis, the globular heads of c1qa (gha), c1qb (ghb), and c1qc (ghc) we ...201020615881
over-expression of the dclk gene transcript carp decreases ca3/ca1 network excitability.products of the doublecortin like kinase (dclk) gene are implicated in cortical migration and hippocampal maturation during embryogenesis. however, one of its splice variants, called camk related peptide (carp), is expressed during adulthood in response to neurological stimuli, such as kainic acid-induced seizures and bdnf-ltp. the function of this transcript of the dclk gene is poorly understood. to elucidate its function during adulthood we have created transgenic mice with over-expression of ...201020659433
a multivariate comparison of the stress response in three salmonid and three cyprinid species: evidence for inter-family differences.the response of six species of freshwater fishes, from the families cyprinidae (common carp cyprinus carpio, roach rutilus rutilus and chub leuciscus cephalus) and salmonidae (rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, brown trout salmo trutta and arctic charr salvelinus alpinus), to a standardized stressor was evaluated. a 6 h period of confinement resulted in changes to plasma cortisol, glucose, amino acid and lactate levels compared with unconfined controls. there were significant differences in the ...201020666900
regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro by gonadotropin in common carp cyprinus carpio: interaction between calcium- and adenylate cyclase-dependent pathways and involvement of erk signaling cascade.multiple signal transduction pathways mediating gonadotropin-induced testosterone and 17β-estradiol (e(2)) production were identified in carp ovarian theca and granulosa cells in short-term co-incubation. inhibitors of voltage-sensitive calcium channels (vsccs) and calmodulin attenuated human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg)-induced steroid production, whereas modulators of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase a (pka) increased their production, indicating that both calcium- and pka-dependent pathwa ...201020668068
hypertrophy, gene expression, and beating of neonatal cardiac myocytes are affected by microdomain heterogeneity in 3d.cardiac myocytes are known to be influenced by the rigidity and topography of their physical microenvironment. it was hypothesized that 3d heterogeneity introduced by purely physical microdomains regulates cardiac myocyte size and contraction. this was tested in vitro using polymeric microstructures (g' = 1.66 gpa) suspended with random orientation in 3d by a soft matrigel matrix (g' = 22.9 pa). after 10 days of culture, the presence of 100 μm-long microstructures in 3d gels induced fold increas ...201020668947
[phylogenetic relationships among cobitoidea based on mitochondrial nd4 and nd5 gene sequences].in the present study, we cloned and sequenced 10 new nd4 and nd5 gene sequences of cobitoidea. these sequences were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships together with those of 15 other species downloaded from genbank. the results showed that the length of nd4 gene sequence was 1 380-1 387 bp with atg as starting codon and incomplete termination signal as terminated codon; the length of nd5 gene sequence was 1 821-1 839 bp with atg as starting codon and taa or tag as terminated codon; t ...201020672409
interspecies correlations of toxicity to eight aquatic organisms: theoretical considerations.interspecies correlations allow the prediction of toxicity to a number of other species. however, little attention has been paid to the theoretical considerations of the interspecies relationship based on the differences of bio-uptake and toxic mechanism between species. this study examines the interspecies correlations of toxicity between species of vibrio fischeri, river bacteria, algae, daphnia magna, carp, tetrahymena pyriformis, fathead minnow and guppy based on the theoretical background. ...201020673582
important variations in parvalbumin content in common fish species: a factor possibly contributing to variable allergenicity.although 95% of fish-allergic patients are sensitized to the major fish allergen parvalbumin, clinical reactions to different fish species vary considerably in symptoms, intensity and frequency in allergic subjects. this study aimed at the quantification of parvalbumin levels in salmon, trout, cod, carp, mackerel, herring, redfish and tuna.201020559001
assessing the impact of climate change on disease emergence in freshwater fish in the united kingdom.a risk framework has been developed to examine the influence of climate change on disease emergence in the united kingdom. the fish immune response and the replication of pathogens are often correlated with water temperature, which manifest as temperature ranges for infection and clinical diseases. these data are reviewed for the major endemic and exotic disease threats to freshwater fish. increasing water temperatures will shift the balance in favour of either the host or pathogen, changing the ...201020561287
uncoupling of bait-protein expression from the prey protein environment adds versatility for cell and tissue interaction proteomics and reveals a complex of carp-1 and the pka cbeta1 subunit.an expression-uncoupled tandem affinity purification assay is introduced which differs from the standard tap assay by uncoupling the expression of the tap-bait protein from the target cells. here, the tap-tagged bait protein is expressed in escherichia coli and purified. the two concatenated purification steps of the classical tap are performed after addition of the purified bait to brain tissue homogenates, cell and nuclear extracts. without prior genetic manipulation of the target, upscaling, ...201020564261
analysis of gene expression changes associated with long-lasting synaptic enhancement in hippocampal slice cultures after repetitive exposures to glutamate.we have previously shown that repetitive exposures to glutamate (100 mum, 3 min, three times at 24-hr intervals) induced a long-lasting synaptic enhancement accompanied by synaptogenesis in rat hippocampal slice cultures, a phenomenon termed rise (for repetitive ltp-induced synaptic enhancement). to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying rise, we first analyzed the time course of gene expression changes between 4 hr and 12 days after repetitive stimulation using an original oligonucleot ...201020568283
development of mhc class i and ii b primers in common carp and its molecular characterization.the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) has an important role in immune response and is known as the most polymorphic locus in vertebrates. we developed three pairs of polymerase chain reaction primers of the alpha-2 domain (exon 3) of mhc class i and the beta-2 (exon 3) and beta-3 domains (exon 4) of mhc class ii b gene in the german mirror common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). we analyzed the three loci in a population of 65 individuals that had suffered the serious disease of gill rot. five to ...201020524055
habitat selection by breeding waterbirds at ponds with size-structured fish populations.fish may significantly affect habitat use by birds, either as their prey or as competitors. fish communities are often distinctly size-structured, but the consequences for waterbird assemblages remain poorly understood. we examined the effects of size structure of common carp (cyprinus carpio) cohorts together with other biotic and abiotic pond characteristics on the distribution of breeding waterbirds in a seminatural system of monocultured ponds, where three fish age classes were separately st ...201020532472
effects of the microcystin profile of a cyanobacterial bloom on growth and toxin accumulation in common carp cyprinus carpio larvae.a 12 day growth trial was conducted to compare the effect of the variation in microcystins (mc) composition of two bloom samples of microcystis aeruginosa on the growth performance and microcystin accumulation in common carp cyprinus carpio larvae. two m. aeruginosa natural bloom samples with different mc profiles were collected and larvae were exposed to cyanobacterial cells through their diet. three diets, a basal control diet and two diets prepared from the basal diet plus the same toxins con ...201020537022
the effect of plant protein-based diet supplemented with dipeptide or free amino acids on digestive tract morphology and pept1 and pept2 expressions in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).common carp (cyprinus carpio) of average body mass 0.07+/-0.02 g were fed three formulated diets: wheat gluten protein-based diet supplemented with lys-gly dipeptide (pp), wheat gluten protein-based diet supplemented with free lysine and glycine (aa), and a wheat gluten protein-based control diet without lysine supplementation (con), frozen zooplankton (z) (restricted diet), and a commercial starter food aglo norse (an). after 4 weeks of experimental feeding, fish fed an diet showed the highest ...201020542130
response of cyprinus carpio to copper exposure: alterations in reduced glutathione, catalase and proteins electrophoretic patterns.this study was conducted to characterize the alterations in reduced glutathione (gsh) level, catalase (cat) activity and proteins electrophoretic patterns in response to sublethal copper (cu) exposure in cyprinus carpio and to determine whether these responses are related to cu accumulation in gills, chosen as target tissue. fish were exposed to 0.1 and 1.0 mg/l cu for 10 and 20 days. there were increasing level of cu in the gill with increasing concentrations of metal in the exposure medium, an ...201020127410
comparative analysis of nitrite uptake and hemoglobin-nitrite reactions in erythrocytes: sorting out uptake mechanisms and oxygenation dependencies.nitrite uptake into red blood cells (rbcs) precedes its intracellular reactions with hemoglobin (hb) that forms nitric oxide (no) during hypoxia. we investigated the uptake of nitrite and its reactions with hb at different oxygen saturations (so(2)), using rbcs with (carp and rabbit) and without (hagfish and lamprey) anion exchanger-1 (ae1) in the membrane, with the aim to unravel the mechanisms and oxygenation dependencies of nitrite transport. added nitrite rapidly diffused into the rbcs until ...201020130222
immunoproteomic identification of polyvalent vaccine candidates from vibrio parahaemolyticus outer membrane proteins.bacterium is still a major cause of many infectious diseases and a global threat to human health, aquaculture, and animal feeding. prevention by vaccination is the most efficient and economical way of fighting bacterial diseases, but one of the persistent challenges to prevent bacterial infections and disease transmissions is the existence of multiple bacterial species, families, and genera and the lack of efficient polyvalent vaccines against them. the information on candidate immunogens for po ...201020148598
cytotoxic proteins of amanita virosa secr. mushroom: purification, characteristics and action towards mammalian cells.a new hemolytic lectin was purified from the fruit bodies of amanita virosa secr. mushroom by the affinity chromatography on the cross-linked ovomucin. this lectin destroyed erythrocytes of human and animals of various species, and its hemolytic activity decreased in the row: rabbit > rat > human > dog. the erythrocytes of sheep, cow and carp were resistant to such hemolytic action of the lectin (1 mg/ml). the lectin-mediated hemolysis was blocked by the polyethylene glycol with molecular mass o ...201020153765
expression and characterization of a constitutively active stat6 from tetraodon.in this paper, we report the cloning and characterization of the stat6 gene from the pufferfish, tetraodon nigroviridis. the tnstat6 gene is composed of 20 exons and 19 introns. the exon-intron organization of this gene is similar to that of hsstat6 except for the exons encoding the c-terminal transactivation domain. the full-length complementary (c)dna of tnstat6 encodes a 794-amino acid protein that is 31% identical to human stat6. we generated a constitutively active tnstat6-jh1 by fusing the ...201020156562
the transcription factor atf4 promotes skeletal myofiber atrophy during fasting.prolonged fasting alters skeletal muscle gene expression in a manner that promotes myofiber atrophy, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. here, we examined the potential role of activating transcription factor 4 (atf4), a transcription factor with an evolutionarily ancient role in the cellular response to starvation. in mouse skeletal muscle, fasting increases the level of atf4 mrna. to determine whether increased atf4 expression was required for myofiber atrophy, we reduced a ...201020197309
bioaccumulation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in fishes from the tittabawassee and saginaw rivers, michigan, usa.characterizing biological factors associated with species-specific accumulation of contaminants is one of the major focuses in ecotoxicology and environmental chemistry studies. in this study, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and non- and mono-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners were analyzed in various fish species from the tittabawassee and saginaw rivers (12 fish species; n=314 individuals), michigan, usa. due to their migratory habits, ...201020206964
immune responses of resistant and sensitive common carp families following experimental challenge with aeromonas hydrophila.parameters of non-specific immune response and level of specific and natural antibodies were investigated after an experimental challenge with aeromonas hydrophila in genetically different common carp (cyprinus carpio) families. ten resistant and ten sensitive families were used for the experiment, which had been selected out of 96 families, based on the results of a preliminary challenge test. blood samples were collected 12 h, one week and 21 days following the challenge. phagocytic and respir ...201020211735
concentration of four heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic) in organs of two cyprinid fish (cyprinus carpio and capoeta sp.) from the kor river (iran).concentration of heavy metals in aquatic animals mainly occurs due to industrial contamination. in this study, the concentrations of four heavy metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic) in organs of two cyprinid fish and in water collected from three sections of the kor river, iran were determined using the inductively coupled plasma method. pathological and hormonal changes due to metal contamination were also measured. the concentrations of heavy metals in tissue of fish from the middle sam ...201019711190
enhancement of menadione stress tolerance in yeast by accumulation of hypotaurine and taurine: co-expression of cdna clones, from cyprinus carpio, for cysteine dioxygenase and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase in saccharomyces cerevisiae.taurine is known to function as a protectant against various stresses in animal cells. in order to utilize taurine as a compatible solute for stress tolerance of yeast, isolation of cdna clones for genes encoding enzymes involved in biosynthesis of taurine was attempted. two types of cdna clones corresponding to genes encoding cysteine dioxygenase (cdo1 and cdo2) and a cdna clone for cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (csd) were isolated from cyprinus carpio. deduced amino acid sequences of the tw ...201019633968
intra-individual internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) and its2 ribosomal sequence variation linked with multiple rdna loci: a case of triploid atractolytocestus huronensis, the monozoic cestode of common carp.complete sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (its1 and its2) and karyological characters of the monozoic (unsegmented) tapeworm atractolytocestus huronensis anthony, 1958 (cestoda: caryophyllidea) from slovakia were analysed, revealing considerable intra-genomic variability and triploidy in all analysed specimens. analysis of 20 sequences of each its1 and its2 spacer yielded eight and 10 different sequence types, respectively. in individual tapeworms, two to four its1 and thr ...201019651130
interstitial deletion of 18q: comparative genomic hybridization array analysis of 46, xx,del(18)(q21.2.q21.33).interstitial deletion of chromosome 18q is rare, making it difficult to assign phenotypes to particular cytogenetic deletions.201019813260
investigation on the diagnostic sensitivity of molecular tools used for detection of koi herpesvirus.previous and new pcrs for khv detection were compared by estimation of their sensitivity in recognizing khv dna in plasmids, cell culture extracted khv dna and total dna obtained from field tissue samples. a modified real-time pcr (gilad et al., 2004), combined with an internal control system (ic2, hoffmann et al., 2006) in a duplex assay, was used as a "gold standard". the lowest reliably determined virus concentration between, 5 and 10 khv dna genomic equivalents, was found by real-time pcr (g ...201019819263
effect of oral immunization with aeromonas hydrophila ghosts on protection against experimental fish infection.to investigate whether oral immunization with aeromonas hydrophila ghosts (ahg) vaccine can elicit mucosal and systemic immune responses of carp (carassius auratus gibelio) compared to conventional formalin-killed bacteria (fkc).201019843213
the genome of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 encodes 40 proteins incorporated in mature virions.koi herpesvirus, also known as cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3), is the aetiological agent of an emerging and mortal disease in common and koi carp. cyhv-3 virions present the characteristic morphology of other members of the order herpesvirales, being composed of an envelope, a capsid containing the genome and a tegument. this study identified cyhv-3 structural proteins and the corresponding encoding genes using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches. in additi ...201019846671
experimental transmission of malacosporean parasites from bryozoans to common carp ( cyprinus carpio) and minnow ( phoxinus phoxinus).to address whether a fish host is involved in the life cycles of malacosporeans of the genus buddenbrockia, cohabitation experiments with different bryozoan and fish species were conducted. samples were analysed by malacosporean-specific pcr, partial sequencing of the 18s rdna, and light and electron microscopy. co-habitation challenges with bryozoans resulted in malacosporean infections detected mainly in the kidney of common carp (cyprinus carpio) and minnow (phoxinus phoxinus). sequences of t ...201019849888
production, characterization, and applications of mouse monoclonal antibodies against gonadotropin, somatolactin, and prolactin from common carp (cyprinus carpio).the gonadotropin alpha subunit (cgth alpha), gonadotropin ii beta subunit (cgthii beta), somatolactin (csl), and prolactin (cprl) were isolated from the pituitaries of common carps, purified by traditional chromatographic analysis, identified by mass-chromatographic analysis, and used as immunogens in the b-lymphocyte hybridoma technique. totally, 7, 11, 17, and 8 hybridoma cell lines were established, which were able to stably secrete monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against cgth alpha, cgthii beta ...201019854193
biology of eggs, embryos and larvae of rhinelepis aspera (spix & agassiz, 1829) (pisces: siluriformes).the black armoured catfish rhinelepis aspera is an important commercial species found in the são francisco river (brazil) that has great potential for pisciculture. this paper presents, for the first time, information on the embryogenesis and larval development of this species. the breeder fish were subjected to spawning induction with crude carp pituitary extract. eggs were kept in incubators at 24 degrees c and embryogenesis was observed with a stereomicroscope until hatching. ovary fragments, ...201019860989
koi herpesvirus: distribution and prospects for control in england and wales.koi herpesvirus (khv) causes a highly virulent disease affecting carp, cyprinus carpio l., and poses a serious socio-economic threat to the uk carp industry. this study aimed to determine the geographic distribution and prevalence of khv exposed fish in england and wales through elisa antibody testing. only three of the 82 farms sampled produced positive results, suggesting fish farms provide a relatively safe source of fish. of the 71 'high-risk' fisheries tested, 26 were positive. all eight ge ...201019878413
sex steroid levels, oocyte maturation and spawning performance in waigieu seaperch (psammoperca waigiensis) exposed to thyroxin, human chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and carp pituitary extract.in the present study, we have investigated the sex steroid hormone levels, oocyte maturation and spawning performance in waigieu seaperch (psammoperca waigiensis) exposed to different doses (0, (control), 0.05, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg fish) of thyroxin (t(4)) both through diet (continuously) and injection (single injection). in addition, we also studied plasma steroid hormone levels and spawning performances in female fish injected with a single dose of d-ala(6), pro(9)-net-mgnrh (lhrha: 50 microg/kg ...201019896549
regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro by igf-i and insulin in common carp, cyprinus carpio: stimulation of aromatase activity and p450arom gene expression.regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro by recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) and bovine insulin (b-insulin) was investigated in intact follicles and isolated follicular cells of carp, cyprinus carpio at vitellogenic stage of oocyte maturation. in intact follicles, igf-i and b-insulin stimulated testosterone and 17beta-estradiol production in vitro. in isolated theca cells, igf-i and b-insulin stimulated testosterone production, whereas in granulosa cells, they stimula ...201019897011
antimicrobial resistance and its genetic determinants in aeromonads isolated in ornamental (koi) carp (cyprinus carpio koi) and common carp (cyprinus carpio).the aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of aeromonas spp. isolates from common carp and koi carp coming from randomly chosen farms. the isolates were tested for susceptibility to 8 antimicrobial agents using the standard agar dilution susceptibility test. in all isolates, pcr was used to detect the presence of tet(a-e) genes, integrase genes, and gene cassettes. from the total 72 isolates of motile aeromonads sampled from koi carp, 36 isolates (50%) were resistant to o ...201019900770
evaluation of continuous 4-day exposure to peracetic acid as a treatment for ichthyophthirius multifiliis.the parasitic ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis infests all species of freshwater fish and can cause severe economic losses in fish breeding. the most effective treatment, malachite green, has been banned in europe and north america for use in food fish production. peracetic acid (paa) was found to be toxic to i. multifiliis theronts at low concentrations. i. multifiliis-infested carp were exposed to 1 mg/l paa in a dynamic exposure by means of peristaltic pumps. five days after infestation, ...201019902253
mycobacteria isolated from chesapeake bay fish.mycobacteriosis in fish can result in ulcers, emaciation, and in some cases death. mycobacteria have been previously isolated from a variety of chesapeake bay fish species, and the current study was designed to identify potential host specificity and location fidelity of mycobacterial isolates. mycobacteria were isolated from wild fish of the chesapeake bay collected from the upper bay, the choptank river, herring bay, the chicamacomico river, the pocomoke river and the potomac river in 2003-200 ...201019909394
quantification of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in environmental water by using an external standard virus.cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3), a lethal dna virus that spreads in natural lakes and rivers, infects common carp and koi. we established a quantification method for cyhv-3 that includes a viral concentration method and quantitative pcr combined with an external standard virus. viral concentration methods were compared using the cation-coated filter and ultrafiltration methods. the recovery of virus-like particles was similar for the two methods (cation-coated filter method, 44%+/-19%, n=3; ultr ...201019915032
gene cloning, characterization, and heterologous expression of levansucrase from bacillus amyloliquefaciens.although levan produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens is known to have efficient immunostimulant property which gives 100% survival of common carp when infected with aeromonas hydrophila, no detailed reports are available describing kinetic studies of d: -glucose production and levan formation. in this study, we cloned and characterized the enzymatic kinetics using levansucrase expressed in escherichia coli. optimum ph for d: -glucose production and levan formation was 6.0 and 8.0, respectively, ...201019916084
cloning of common carp socs-3 gene and its expression during embryogenesis, gh-transgene and viral infection.as a member of a newly discovered protein family, the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (socs-3) has been shown to regulate the responses of many immune cytokines in a negative auto-regulatory manner. the full-length cdna of common carp socs-3 was 1603 bp and contained a 630 bp open reading frame (orf) coding for a protein of 209 amino acids. carp socs-3 molecule was well conserved especially in the src homology 2 (sh2) and the socs box. the kinase inhibitory region (kir) and ess domains, upst ...201020025976
zebrafish larvae are unable to mount a protective antiviral response against waterborne infection by spring viremia of carp virus.interferons (ifns) and their receptors exist in all classes of vertebrates, where they represent early elements in innate and adaptive immunity. both types i and ii ifns have been discovered in fish and type i ifn has recently been classified into two groups based on their primary protein sequences and biological activities. thus, although groups i and ii zebrafish ifn show powerful antiviral activities, only group i (ifnphi1) is able to protect the fish against bacterial infection. in addition, ...201020045026
immune responses and expression profiles of some immune-related genes in indian major carp, labeo rohita to edwardsiella tarda infection.edwardsiella tarda is an important gram-negative bacterium that causes systemic infections in a wide range of hosts including fish. the pathogenic mechanisms in this disease are still poorly understood in fish. indian major carp, labeo rohita were intraperitoneally challenged with a pathogenic isolate of e. tarda to measure sequential changes in immunity level. a significant decrease in the superoxide production, myeloperoxidase, alternative complement activity, total protein levels and antiprot ...201020045061
effect of different microcystin profiles on toxin bioaccumulation in common carp (cyprinus carpio) larvae via artemia nauplii.in this study, a 12-day growth trial was conducted to compare the effect of the variation in microcystin (mc) composition in two microcystis aeruginosa bloom samples on the growth performance and mc accumulation/transfer in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) larvae. fish were fed artemia salina nauplii that had been preexposed to extracts from two m. aeruginosa natural blooms with different microcystins (mcs) profiles. bloom a had mc-lr as major toxin (74.05%) while bloom b had a diversity of ...201020045191
in vivo transfer of plasmid pras1 between aeromonas salmonicida and aeromonas hydrophila in artificially infected cyprinus carpio l.this study investigated the possible in vivo transfer of plasmid pras1 between aeromonas salmonicida and a. hydrophila inhabiting two different organs of cyprinus carpio l. to distinguish transconjugants from naturally occurring antibiotic resistant bacteria, twelve luminescent transposon-tagged a. hydrophila strains using mini tn5luxcdabekm2 transposon were generated. in conjugal transfer experiments, fish were conditioned with the donor bacteria and subsequently immersed in water containing th ...201020059637
targeted proteasome inhibition by velcade induces apoptosis in human mesothelioma and breast cancer cell lines.thoracic malignancies and human breast cancer (hbc) continue to be aggressive solid tumors that are poor responders to the existing conventional standard chemotherapeutic approaches. malignant pleural mesothelioma (mpm) is an asbestos-related tumor of the thoracic pleura that lacks effective treatment options. altered ubiquitin proteasome pathway is frequently encountered in many malignancies including hbc and mpm and thus serves as an important target for therapeutic intervention strategies. al ...201019960346
the muscle ankyrin repeat proteins are hypoxia-sensitive: in vivo mrna expression in the hypoxia-tolerant blind subterranean mole rat, spalax ehrenbergi.the muscle ankyrin repeat proteins (marps), also known as muscle stretch proteins, are members of a conserved family of genes known to be induced under stress conditions. the three primary members, cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp), ankyrin repeat domain 2 (arpp), and diabetes-related ankyrin repeat protein (darp) are expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle, binding to the giant protein titin. in addition, both carp and arpp are proposed to have regulatory functions, shuttling to the nucleu ...201019967343
methylmercury exposure in a subsistence fishing community in lake chapala, mexico: an ecological approach.elevated concentrations of mercury have been documented in fish in lake chapala in central mexico, an area that is home to a large subsistence fishing community. however, neither the extent of human mercury exposure nor its sources and routes have been elucidated.201020064246
characterizing the in vitro hepatic biotransformation of the flame retardant bde 99 by common carp.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are a class of flame retardant chemicals known to biomagnify in aquatic foodwebs. however, significant biotransformation of some congeners via reductive dehalogenation has been observed during in vivo and in vitro laboratory exposures, particularly in fish models. little information is available on the enzyme systems responsible for catalyzing this metabolic pathway in fish. this study was undertaken to characterize the biotransformation of one primary bde ...201020080306
susceptibility of koi x crucian carp and koi x goldfish hybrids to koi herpesvirus (khv) and the development of khv disease (khvd).hybrids of koi, cyprinus carpio x crucian carp, carassius carassius and koi x goldfish, carassius auratus, proved to be susceptible to koi herpesvirus (khv, syn. cyhv-3) and developed khv disease (khvd). while hybrids of koi x goldfish were partly resistant to mortality following infection by immersion, most koi x crucian carp hybrids died after bath infection. khv dna was detected in dead fish but also in all surviving animals by different polymerase chain reactions (pcrs). according to these r ...201020102462
multiple forms of alpha-2 macroglobulin in shrimp fenneropenaeus chinesis and their transcriptional response to wssv or vibrio pathogen infection.alpha-2 macroglobulin (a2m) is a non-specific protease inhibitor involved in host defense. by full length cloning and sequencing we identified three distinct cdnas for a2m in chinese shrimp fenneropenaeus chinesis, designated fca2m-1, fca2m-2 and fca2m-3, respectively. expression profiles in normal tissues as well as tissues after challenge by white spot syndrome virus (wssv) and vibrio pathogen were conducted for fca2m-1 and fca2m-2. the fca2m-1 and fca2m-2 cdnas encode proteins with 1501 or 15 ...201020105438
evolution of recognition of ligands from gram-positive bacteria: similarities and differences in the tlr2-mediated response between mammalian vertebrates and teleost fish.we investigated the role of the tlr2 receptor in the recognition of ligands from gram-positive bacteria in fish. comparative sequence analysis showed a highly conserved toll/il-1 receptor domain. although the leucine-rich repeat domain was less conserved, the position of the critical peptidoglycan (pgn)-binding residues in the leucine-rich repeat domain of carp tlr2 were conserved. transfection of human embryonic kidney 293 cells with tlr2 corroborated the ability of carp tlr2 to bind the protot ...201020118281
changes in skin mucus of common carp, cyprinus carpio l., after exposure to water with a high bacterial load.water in aquaculture systems may contain a high load of microorganisms. reduction in overall bacterial tank water load improves fish health and growth parameters. in this study, the effect of an increase of overall bacterial load in tank water on carp skin mucus was assessed. intracellular and released high molecular weight glycoproteins (hmgs) of carp skin mucus were analysed for changes using histological, histochemical and biochemical techniques. increase of bacterial load did not induce obvi ...201020298445
behavioral and morphological endpoints: as an early response to sublethal malathion intoxication in the freshwater fish, labeo rohita.a short-term definitive test by the static renewal bioassay method was conducted to determine the acute toxicity (lc(50)) of commercial-grade organophosphate insecticide, malathion (50% ec) on the freshwater fish, labeo rohita. carp fingerlings were exposed to different concentrations of malathion for 96 hours. the acute toxicity (lc(50)) of malathion was found to be 4.5 microg/l. one tenth (1/10, 0.45 microg/l) of the acute toxicity value was selected as the sublethal concentration for subacute ...201020307142
production and efficacy of an aeromonas hydrophila recombinant s-layer protein vaccine for fish.a recombinant protein for the s-layer protein of aeromonas hydrophila was produced and its ability to protect common carp cyprinus carpio l. against six virulent isolates of a. hydrophila was assessed. a group of 120 carp (30-40 g) were vaccinated intra-peritoneally with 0.1 ml of adjuvanted vaccine (30 microg protein per fish). another group of 120 carp were injected with 0.1 ml of pbs-adjuvant mixture to serve as controls. twenty fish from each group were challenged with each one of six virule ...201020307596
kinetic study of hepatic β-glucuronidase in the indian major carp, labeo rohita (hamilton).liver is the metabolic factory and contains several valuable enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions. β-glucuronidase is one of the well-known lysozymes that participates in the carbohydrate metabolism in the tissues of various vertebrates. in the present study, an attempt was made to study the kinetic properties of hepatic β-glucuronidase of the indian major carp (imc), labeo rohita. it was observed that the enzyme activity increased largely at ph 5 (0.1 m acetate buffer) when exposed to 38 ...201020336485
efficacy of vermicompost as fish pond manure--effect on water quality and growth of cyprinus carpio (linn.).experiment was conducted in (0.002 ha) cemented tanks for 120 days to assess the efficacy of vermicompost as fish pond manure at a dose of 10,000 kg/ha/year (vc(10)), 15,000 kg/ha/year (vc(15)) and 20,000 (vc(20)) kg/ha/year) in comparison to semi-digested cow dung (8-10 days old), which was utilized at a dose of 20,000 kg/ha/year (cd(20)). one fourth of the doze was applied 15 days prior to fish stocking and rest in equal weekly installments. twenty fingerlings of common carp, cyprinus carpio ( ...201020338752
unmethylated cpg oligodeoxynucleotides activate head kidney leukocytes of atlantic cod, gadus morhua.bacterial dna and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odns) that contain unmethylated cpg motifs are strong inducers of immune response in most mammalian organisms. the use of these synthetic cpg motifs in fish, particularly in salmonids and carp, resulted in the modulation of their immune system. however, much less is known in other species of fish such as gadoids including atlantic cod, gadus morhua. using head kidney (hk) leukocytes of cod in an in vitro study, we determined the effects of some ...201020349339
phylogeny and expression of carbonic anhydrase-related proteins.carbonic anhydrases (cas) are found in many organisms, in which they contribute to several important biological processes. the vertebrate alpha-ca family consists of 16 subfamilies, three of which (viii, x and xi) consist of acatalytic proteins. these are named carbonic anhydrase related proteins (carps), and their inactivity is due to absence of one or more zn-binding histidine residues. in this study, we analyzed and evaluated the distribution of genes encoding carps in different organisms usi ...201020356370
molecular and structural characterisation of a macrophage migration inhibitory factor from sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax l.).the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) is a cytokine produced in numerous cell types, mainly t lymphocytes and macrophages, in response to inflammatory stimuli. in this paper we report the identification of a cdna encoding a mif molecule from sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax l.), its expression analysis and its 3d structure obtained by template-based modelling. the sea bass mif cdna consists of 609bp that translates in one reading frame to give the entire molecule containing 115 amino ac ...201020363032
oxidative stress induced on cyprinus carpio by contaminants present in the water and sediment of madin reservoir.madin reservoir (mr), located in the state of mexico, is fed mainly by the rio tlalnepantla. mr supplies potable water to the municipalities of naucalpan and atizapan, and various recreational activities take place in its vicinity, such as sailing and the fishing of diverse species including the common carp cyprinus carpio. the purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effects of contaminants present in mr water and sediment on c. carpio. five sampling stations were selected (those consid ...201020390854
effect of filter-feeding fish silver carp on phytoplankton species and size distribution in surface water: a field study in water works.silver carp were introduced into the pre-sedimentation pond to control excessive phytoplankton in raw water. the effectiveness of the filter-feeding silver carp on phytoplankton control and the effect of silver carp on phytoplankton community were investigated. the results showed that microcystis could be effectively removed by silver carp stocked in the pre-sedimentation pond, and simultaneously, the concentration of single-cell phytoplankton increased obviously. the difference in phytoplankton ...201020397401
sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (its) region reveals a novel clade of ichthyophonus sp. from rainbow trout.the mesomycetozoean parasite ichthyophonus hoferi is most commonly associated with marine fish hosts but also occurs in some components of the freshwater rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss aquaculture industry in idaho, usa. it is not certain how the parasite was introduced into rainbow trout culture, but it might have been associated with the historical practice of feeding raw, ground common carp cyprinus carpio that were caught by commercial fisherman. here, we report a major genetic division b ...201020402235
snp discovery and development of genetic markers for mapping innate immune response genes in common carp (cyprinus carpio).single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in immune response genes have been reported as markers for susceptibility to infectious diseases in human and livestock. a disease caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (cyhv-3) is highly contagious and virulent in common carp (cyprinus carpio). with the aim to develop molecular tools for breeding cyhv-3-resistant carp, we have amplified and sequenced 11 candidate genes for viral disease resistance including tlr2, tlr3, tlr4ba, tlr7, tlr9, tlr21, tlr22, myd88, t ...201020420915
a novel training model for retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty.to create and evaluate an inexpensive novel model for training in retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty.201020443726
identification and characterization of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) granzyme a/k, a cytotoxic cell granule-associated serine protease.granzyme (gzm) is an important member of serine protease family, and key component in the specific and non-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity. partial gzma/k cdna sequence of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) was isolated from thymus cdna library by the method of suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh). subsequently, the full length cdna of carp gzma/k was obtained by means of 3' race and 5' race, respectively. the full length cdna of carp gzma/k was 1053 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untr ...201020451619
integrated assessment of biomarker responses in common carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to perfluorinated organic compounds.in this study, the toxicological effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) toward the common carp, cyprinus carpio, were evaluated by assessing the responses of five biomarkers, including dna single-strand breaks (comet), vitellogenin (vtg) concentration, and the activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod), acetylcholinesterase (ache) and catalase (cat). upon pfoa exposure, both the vtg concentration and cat activity were significantly increased, while ...201020452121
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