Publications

behavioral response of aedes aegypti mosquito towards essential oils using olfactometer.	aedes aegypti mosquito is responsible for transmitting human diseases like dengue and chikungunya. personal or space protection with insect repellents is a practical approach to reducing human mosquito contact, thereby minimizing disease transmission. essential oils are natural volatile substances from plants used as protective measure against blood-sucking mosquitoes.	2016	27308295
screening of methanolic plant extracts against larvae of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi in mysore.	mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of death every year. vector control is facing a threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. nine different locally available medicinally important plants suspected to posse larvicidal property were screened against fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi to a series of concentrations of ...	2016	27308289
insecticide resistance and management strategies in urban ecosystems.	the increased urbanization of a growing global population makes imperative the development of sustainable integrated pest management (ipm) strategies for urban pest control. this emphasizes pests that are closely associated with the health and wellbeing of humans and domesticated animals. concurrently there are regulatory requirements enforced to minimize inadvertent exposures to insecticides in the urban environment. development of insecticide resistance management (irm) strategies in urban eco ...	2016	26751480
intra-epidemic evolutionary dynamics of a dengue virus type 1 population reveal mutant spectra that correlate with disease transmission.	dengue virus (denv) is currently the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral pathogen. denvs naturally exist as highly heterogeneous populations. even though the descriptions on denv diversity are plentiful, only a few studies have narrated the dynamics of intra-epidemic virus diversity at a fine scale. such accounts are important to decipher the reciprocal relationship between viral evolutionary dynamics and disease transmission that shape dengue epidemiology. in the current study, we present a mic ...	2016	26940650
zika virus and its implication in transfusion safety.		2016	26969782
transcriptome analysis of the midgut of the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi infected with antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus.	the antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (apnpv) is an exclusive pathogen of a. pernyi. the intense interactions between apnpv and a. pernyi cause a series of physiological and pathological changes to a. pernyi. however, no detailed report exists regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between apnpv and a. pernyi. in this study, four cdna libraries of the a. pernyi midgut, including two apnpv-infected groups and two control groups, were constructed for transcriptomic anal ...	2016	27820844
prolonged shedding of chikungunya virus in semen and urine: a new perspective for diagnosis and implications for transmission.	we report the presence of chikungunya (chikv) rna in the blood, urine and semen during the acute phase of the disease in an adult with a dual infection with dengue virus type 3. the patient, a 25 yr-old man from salvador, brazil, reported a 6-day duration of high fever, arthralgia, myalgia, headache and photophobia.blood and semen specimens were positive for chikv in the first collected samples; semen and urine specimens were positive for chikv after 30 days of symptoms onset. denv-3 rna was pos ...	2016	27882301
genome sequence of dengue virus 3 from the pythium insidiosum transcriptomes.		2016	27379056
nucleotide composition of the zika virus rna genome and its codon usage.	rna viruses have genomes with a distinct nucleotide composition and codon usage. we present the global characteristics of the rna genome of zika virus (zikv), an emerging pathogen within the flavivirus genus. zikv was first isolated in 1947 in uganda, caused a widespread epidemic in south and central america and the caribbean in 2015 and has recently been associated with microcephaly in newborns.	2016	27278486
pathogenesis of zika virus-associated embryopathy.	a strong causal association has become evident between zika virus (zikv) infection during pregnancy and the occurrence of fetal growth restriction, microcephaly and eye defects. circumstantial evidence is presented in this paper in support of the hypothesis that these effects, as well as the guillain-barré syndrome, are due to an endogenous form of hypervitaminosis a resulting from zikv infection-induced damage to the liver and the spillage of stored vitamin a compounds ("retinoids") into the ma ...	2016	27403405
long-term safety and immunogenicity of a tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccine and evaluation of a booster dose administered to healthy thai children.	we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of two doses of a live-attenuated, tetravalent dengue virus vaccine (f17/pre formulation) and a booster dose in a dengue endemic setting in two studies. seven children (7- to 8-year-olds) were followed for 1 year after dose 2 and then given a booster dose (f17/pre formulation), and followed for four more years (child study). in the infant study, 49 2-year-olds, vaccinated as infants, were followed for approximately 3.5 years after dose 2 and then given ...	2016	27022153
scoping review of the zika virus literature.	the global primary literature on zika virus (zikv) (n = 233 studies and reports, up to march 1, 2016) has been compiled using a scoping review methodology to systematically identify and characterise the literature underpinning this broad topic using methods that are documented, updateable and reproducible. our results indicate that more than half the primary literature on zikv has been published since 2011. the articles mainly covered three topic categories: epidemiology of zikv (surveillance an ...	2016	27244249
quantifying the epidemiological impact of vector control on dengue.		2016	27227829
a pan-dengue virus reverse transcription-insulated isothermal pcr assay intended for point-of-need diagnosis of dengue virus infection by use of the pockit nucleic acid analyzer.	dengue virus (denv) infection is considered a major public health problem in developing tropical countries where the virus is endemic and continues to cause major disease outbreaks every year. here, we describe the development of a novel, inexpensive, and user-friendly diagnostic assay based on a reverse transcription-insulated isothermal pcr (rt-iipcr) method for the detection of all four serotypes of denv in clinical samples. the diagnostic performance of the newly established pan-denv rt-iipc ...	2016	27030492
determinants of arbovirus vertical transmission in mosquitoes.	vertical transmission (vt) and horizontal transmission (ht) of pathogens refer to parental and non-parental chains of host-to-host transmission. combining ht with vt enlarges considerably the range of ecological conditions in which a pathogen can persist, but the factors governing the relative frequency of each transmission mode are poorly understood for pathogens with mixed-mode transmission. elucidating these factors is particularly important for understanding the epidemiology of arthropod-bor ...	2016	27171170
physicians, primary caregivers and topical repellent: all under-utilised resources in stopping dengue virus transmission in affected households.	primary health care facilities frequently manage dengue cases on an ambulatory basis for the duration of the patient's illness. there is a great opportunity for specific messaging, aimed to reduce dengue virus (denv) transmission in and around the home, to be directly targeted toward this high-risk ambulatory patient group, as part of an integrated approach to dengue management. the extent however, to which physicians understand, and can themselves effectively communicate strategies to stop foca ...	2016	27164168
zika virus: new clinical syndromes and its emergence in the western hemisphere.	zika virus (zikv) had remained a relatively obscure flavivirus until a recent series of outbreaks accompanied by unexpectedly severe clinical complications brought this virus into the spotlight as causing an infection of global public health concern. in this review, we discuss the history and epidemiology of zikv infection, recent outbreaks in oceania and the emergence of zikv in the western hemisphere, newly ascribed complications of zikv infection, including guillain-barré syndrome and microce ...	2016	26962217
the global spread of zika virus: is public and media concern justified in regions currently unaffected?	zika virus, an aedes mosquito-borne flavivirus, is fast becoming a worldwide public health concern following its suspected association with over 4000 recent cases of microcephaly among newborn infants in brazil.	2016	27093860
zika virus: the latest newcomer.	since the beginning of this century, humanity has been facing a new emerging, or re-emerging, virus threat almost every year: west nile, influenza a, avian flu, dengue, chikungunya, sars, mers, ebola, and now zika, the latest newcomer. zika virus (zikv), a flavivirus transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, was identified in 1947 in a sentinel monkey in uganda, and later on in humans in nigeria. the virus was mainly confined to the african continent until it was detected in south-east asia the 1980's, t ...	2016	27148186
clinical and epidemiological characterization of laboratory-confirmed autochthonous cases of zika virus disease in mexico.	since 2014, autochthonous circulation of zika virus (zikv) in the americas was detected (easter island, chile). in may 2015, brazil confirmed autochthonous --transmission and in october of that year colombia reported their first cases. now more than 52 countries have reported cases, including mexico. to deal with this contingency in mexico, several surveillance systems, in addition to systems for vector-borne diseases were strengthened with the participation of all health institutions. also, th ...	2016	27158557
computational approach towards exploring potential anti-chikungunya activity of selected flavonoids.	chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes chikungunya infection in humans. despite the widespread distribution of chikv, no antiviral medication or vaccine is available against this virus. therefore, it is crucial to find an effective compound to combat chikv. we aimed to predict the possible interactions between non-structural protein 3 (nsp) of chikv as one of the most important viral elements in chikv intracellular replication and 3 potential flavonoids using a comp ...	2016	27071308
zika virus infections imported from brazil to portugal, 2015.	zika virus is an emerging arbovirus transmitted by aedes sp. mosquitoes like the dengue and chikungunya viruses. zika virus was until recently considered a mild pathogenic mosquito-borne flavivirus with very few reported benign human infections. in 2007, an epidemic in micronesia initiated the turnover in the epidemiological history of zika virus and more recently, the potential association with congenital microcephaly cases in brazil 2015, still under investigation, led the world health organiz ...	2016	27134823
estimating risks of importation and local transmission of zika virus infection.	background. an international spread of zika virus (zikv) infection has attracted global attention. zikv is conveyed by a mosquito vector, aedes species, which also acts as the vector species of dengue and chikungunya viruses. methods. arrival time of zikv importation (i.e., the time at which the first imported case was diagnosed) in each imported country was collected from publicly available data sources. employing a survival analysis model in which the hazard is an inverse function of the effec ...	2016	27069825
identify-isolate-inform: a tool for initial detection and management of zika virus patients in the emergency department.	first isolated in 1947 from a monkey in the zika forest in uganda, and from mosquitoes in the same forest the following year, zika virus has gained international attention due to concerns for infection in pregnant women potentially causing fetal microcephaly. more than one million people have been infected since the appearance of the virus in brazil in 2015. approximately 80% of infected patients are asymptomatic. an association with microcephaly and other birth defects as well as guillain-barre ...	2016	27330653
recombinant dengue 2 virus ns3 helicase protein enhances antibody and t-cell response of purified inactivated vaccine.	dengue virus purified inactivated vaccines (piv) are highly immunogenic and protective over the short term, but may be poor at inducing cell-mediated immune responses and long-term protection. the dengue nonstructural protein 3 (ns3) is considered the main target for t-cell responses during viral infection. the amino (n)-terminal protease and the carboxy (c)-terminal helicase domains of denv-2 ns3 were expressed in e. coli and analyzed for their immune-potentiating capacity. mice were immunized ...	2016	27035715
zika virus: diagnostics for an emerging pandemic threat.	zika virus (zikv) is anaedesmosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged in brazil in 2015 and then rapidly spread throughout the tropical and subtropical americas. based on clinical criteria alone, zikv cannot be reliably distinguished from infections with other pathogens that cause an undifferentiated systemic febrile illness, including infections with two common arboviruses, dengue virus and chikungunya virus. this minireview details the methods that are available to diagnose zikv infection.	2016	26888897
maternal antibody-mediated disease enhancement in type i interferon-deficient mice leads to lethal disease associated with liver damage.	epidemiological studies have reported that most of the severe dengue cases occur upon a secondary heterologous infection. furthermore, babies born to dengue immune mothers are at greater risk of developing severe disease upon primary infection with a heterologous or homologous dengue virus (denv) serotype when maternal antibodies reach sub-neutralizing concentrations. these observations have been explained by the antibody mediated disease enhancement (ade) phenomenon whereby heterologous antibod ...	2016	27007501
arbovirosis and potential transmission blocking vaccines.	infectious diseases caused by arboviruses (viruses transmitted by arthropods) are undergoing unprecedented epidemic activity and geographic expansion. with the recent introduction of west nile virus (1999), chikungunya virus (2013) and zika virus (2015) to the americas, stopping or even preventing the expansion of viruses into susceptible populations is an increasing concern. with a few exceptions, available vaccines protecting against arboviral infections are nonexistent and current disease pre ...	2016	27664127
characterization of drosophila cmp-sialic acid synthetase activity reveals unusual enzymatic properties.	cmp-sialic acid synthetase (csas) is a key enzyme of the sialylation pathway. csas produces the activated sugar donor, cmp-sialic acid, which serves as a substrate for sialyltransferases to modify glycan termini with sialic acid. unlike other animal csass that normally localize in the nucleus, drosophila melanogaster csas (dmcsas) localizes in the cell secretory compartment, predominantly in the golgi, which suggests that this enzyme has properties distinct from those of its vertebrate counterpa ...	2016	27114558
how to predict molecular interactions between species?	organisms constantly interact with other species through physical contact which leads to changes on the molecular level, for example the transcriptome. these changes can be monitored for all genes, with the help of high-throughput experiments such as rna-seq or microarrays. the adaptation of the gene expression to environmental changes within cells is mediated through complex gene regulatory networks. often, our knowledge of these networks is incomplete. network inference predicts gene regulator ...	2016	27065992
depletion of alveolar macrophages does not prevent hantavirus disease pathogenesis in golden syrian hamsters.	andes virus (andv) is associated with a lethal vascular leak syndrome in humans termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the mechanism for the massive vascular leakage associated with hps is poorly understood; however, dysregulation of components of the immune response is often suggested as a possible cause. alveolar macrophages are found in the alveoli of the lung and represent the first line of defense to many airborne pathogens. to determine whether alveolar macrophages play a role in hps ...	2016	27099308
analysis of protein composition and bioactivity of neoponera villosa venom (hymenoptera: formicidae).	ants cause a series of accidents involving humans. such accidents generate different reactions in the body, ranging from a mild irritation at the bite site to anaphylactic shock, and these reactions depend on the mechanism of action of the venom. the study of animal venom is a science known as venomics. through venomics, the composition of the venom of several ant species has already been characterized and their biological activities described. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pro ...	2016	27110765
tiger mosquito - generated devastation in the biosphere!!!		2016	27041891
use of a probabilistic motif search to identify histidine phosphotransfer domain-containing proteins.	the wealth of newly obtained proteomic information affords researchers the possibility of searching for proteins of a given structure or function. here we describe a general method for the detection of a protein domain of interest in any species for which a complete proteome exists. in particular, we apply this approach to identify histidine phosphotransfer (hpt) domain-containing proteins across a range of eukaryotic species. from the sequences of known hpt domains, we created an amino acid occ ...	2016	26751210
design and testing of novel lethal ovitrap to reduce populations of aedes mosquitoes: community-based participatory research between industry, academia and communities in peru and thailand.	dengue virus (and chikungunya and zika viruses) is transmitted by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes and causes considerable human morbidity and mortality. as there is currently no vaccine or chemoprophylaxis to protect people from dengue virus infection, vector control is the only viable option for disease prevention. the purpose of this paper is to illustrate the design and placement process for an attractive lethal ovitrap to reduce vector populations and to describe lessons learne ...	2016	27532497
the sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis ll5 embryonic cell line has active toll and imd pathways and shows immune responses to bacteria, yeast and leishmania.	lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in latin america. sandfly immune responses are poorly understood. in previous work we showed that these vector insects respond to bacterial infections by modulating a defensin gene expression and activate the imd pathway in response to leishmania infection. aspects of innate immune pathways in insects (including mosquito vectors of human diseases) have been revealed by studying insect cell lines, and we have previously demonstrat ...	2016	27098567
emerging role of lipid droplets in aedes aegypti immune response against bacteria and dengue virus.	in mammals, lipid droplets (lds) are ubiquitous organelles that modulate immune and inflammatory responses through the production of lipid mediators. in insects, it is unknown whether lds play any role during the development of immune responses. we show that aedes aegypti aag2 cells - an immune responsive cell lineage - accumulates lds when challenged with enterobacter cloacae, sindbis, and dengue viruses. microarray analysis of aag2 challenged with e.cloacae or infected with dengue virus reveal ...	2016	26887863
identification of abcc2 as a binding protein of cry1ac on brush border membrane vesicles from helicoverpa armigera by an improved pull-down assay.	cry1ac toxin-binding proteins from helicoverpa armigera brush border membrane vesicles were identified by an improved pull-down method that involves coupling cry1ac to cnbr agarose combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). according to the lc-ms/ms results, cry1ac toxin could bind to six classes of aminopeptidase-n, alkaline phosphatase, cadherin-like protein, atp-binding cassette transporter subfamily c protein (abcc2), actin, atpase, polycalin, and some other pro ...	2016	27037552
unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome.	the bed bug, cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. this global resurgence is likely linked to increased international travel and commerce in addition to widespread insecticide resistance. analyses of the c. lectularius sequenced genome (650 mb) and 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes provide a comprehensive representation of genes that are linked to traumatic insemination, a reduced chemosensory ...	2016	26836814
mosquito-transmitted viruses - the great brazilian challenge.	arboviruses pose a serious threat to public health worldwide, overloading the healthcare system and causing economic losses. these viruses form a very diverse group, and in brazil, arboviruses belonging to the families flaviviridae and togaviridae are predominant. unfortunately, the number of arboviruses increases in proportion with factors such as deforestation, poor sanitation, climate changes, and introduction of new viruses like chikungunya virus and zika virus. in brazil, dengue is endemic, ...	2016	27818091
the viral capping enzyme nsp1: a novel target for the inhibition of chikungunya virus infection.	the chikungunya virus (chikv) has become a substantial global health threat due to its massive re-emergence, the considerable disease burden and the lack of vaccines or therapeutics. we discovered a novel class of small molecules ([1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6h)-ones) with potent in vitro activity against chikv isolates from different geographical regions. drug-resistant variants were selected and these carried a p34s substitution in non-structural protein 1 (nsp1), the main enzyme involve ...	2016	27545976
mosquito communities and disease risk influenced by land use change and seasonality in the australian tropics.	anthropogenic land use changes have contributed considerably to the rise of emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne diseases. these diseases appear to be increasing as a result of the novel juxtapositions of habitats and species that can result in new interchanges of vectors, diseases and hosts. we studied whether the mosquito community structure varied between habitats and seasons and whether known disease vectors displayed habitat preferences in tropical australia.	2016	27388293
alphavirus infection: host cell shut-off and inhibition of antiviral responses.	alphaviruses cause debilitating disease in humans and animals and are transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods, typically mosquitoes. with a traditional focus on two models, sindbis virus and semliki forest virus, alphavirus research has significantly intensified in the last decade partly due to the re-emergence and dramatic expansion of chikungunya virus in asia, europe, and the americas. as a consequence, alphavirus-host interactions are now understood in much more molecular detail, and importa ...	2016	27294951
wolbachia biocontrol strategies for arboviral diseases and the potential influence of resident wolbachia strains in mosquitoes.	arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes are a major cause of human disease worldwide. the absence of vaccines and effective vector control strategies has resulted in the need for novel mosquito control strategies. the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia has been proposed to form the basis for an effective mosquito biocontrol strategy. resident strains of wolbachia inhibit viral replication in drosophila fruit flies and induce a reproductive phenotype known as cytoplasmic incompatibility that allows ...	2016	26925368
the insect-specific palm creek virus modulates west nile virus infection in and transmission by australian mosquitoes.	insect-specific viruses do not replicate in vertebrate cells, but persist in mosquito populations and are highly prevalent in nature. these viruses may naturally regulate the transmission of pathogenic vertebrate-infecting arboviruses in co-infected mosquitoes. following the isolation of the first australian insect-specific flavivirus (isf), palm creek virus (pcv), we investigated routes of infection and transmission of this virus in key australian arbovirus vectors and its impact on replication ...	2016	27457250
development and validation of a quantitative, one-step, multiplex, real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay for detection of dengue and chikungunya viruses.	dengue virus (denv) and chikungunya virus (chikv) are important human pathogens with common transmission vectors and similar clinical presentations. patient care may be impacted by the misdiagnosis of denv and chikv in areas where both viruses cocirculate. in this study, we have developed and validated a one-step multiplex reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) to simultaneously detect, quantify, and differentiate between four denv serotypes (pan-denv) and chikungunya virus. the assay uses taqman te ...	2016	27098955
vector competence of aedes aegypti and aedes polynesiensis populations from french polynesia for chikungunya virus.	from october 2014 to march 2015, french polynesia experienced for the first time a chikungunya outbreak. two aedes mosquitoes may have contributed to chikungunya virus (chikv) transmission in french polynesia: the worldwide distributed ae. aegypti and the polynesian islands-endemic ae. polynesiensis mosquito.	2016	27144888
vertical transmission of indian ocean lineage of chikungunya virus in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes.	the re-emergence of chikungunya (chik) fever in thailand has been caused by a novel lineage of chikungunya virus (chikv) termed the indian ocean lineage (iol). the aedes albopictus mosquito is thought to be a primary vector of chik fever in thailand, whereas ae. aegypti acts as a secondary vector of the virus. the vertical transmission is believed to be a primary means to maintain chikv in nature and may be associated with an increased risk of outbreak. therefore, the goal of this study was to a ...	2016	27108077
membrane feeding of dengue patient's blood as a substitute for direct skin feeding in studying aedes-dengue virus interaction.	understanding the interaction between aedes vectors and dengue viruses (denv) has significant implications in determining the transmission dynamics of dengue. the absence of an animal model and ethical concerns regarding direct feeding of mosquitoes on patients has resulted in most infection studies using blood meals spiked with laboratory-cultured denv. data obtained from such studies may not reflect the natural human-mosquito transmission scenario. this study explored the potential of using me ...	2016	27083158
an updated checklist of mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) from madagascar.	an updated checklist of 235 mosquito species from madagascar is presented. the number of species has increased considerably compared to previous checklists, particularly the last published in 2003 (178 species). this annotated checklist provides concise information on endemism, taxonomic position, developmental stages, larval habitats, distribution, behavior, and vector-borne diseases potentially transmitted. the 235 species belong to 14 genera: aedeomyia (3 species), aedes (35 species), anophel ...	2016	27101839
viral metagenomics on blood-feeding arthropods as a tool for human disease surveillance.	surveillance and monitoring of viral pathogens circulating in humans and wildlife, together with the identification of emerging infectious diseases (eids), are critical for the prediction of future disease outbreaks and epidemics at an early stage. it is advisable to sample a broad range of vertebrates and invertebrates at different temporospatial levels on a regular basis to detect possible candidate viruses at their natural source. however, virus surveillance systems can be expensive, costly i ...	2016	27775568
zika virus strains potentially display different infectious profiles in human neural cells.	the recent zika virus (zikv) epidemic has highlighted the poor knowledge on its physiopathology. recent studies showed that zikv of the asian lineage, responsible for this international outbreak, causes neuropathology in vitro and in vivo. however, two african lineages exist and the virus is currently found circulating in africa. the original african strain was also suggested to be neurovirulent but its laboratory usage has been criticized due to its multiple passages. in this study, we compared ...	2016	27688094
pirna pathway is not required for antiviral defense in drosophila melanogaster.	since its discovery, rna interference has been identified as involved in many different cellular processes, and as a natural antiviral response in plants, nematodes, and insects. in insects, the small interfering rna (sirna) pathway is the major antiviral response. in recent years, the piwi-interacting rna (pirna) pathway also has been implicated in antiviral defense in mosquitoes infected with arboviruses. using drosophila melanogaster and an array of viruses that infect the fruit fly acutely o ...	2016	27357659
wolbachia blocks viral genome replication early in infection without a transcriptional response by the endosymbiont or host small rna pathways.	the intracellular endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia can protect insects against viral infection, and is being introduced into mosquito populations in the wild to block the transmission of arboviruses that infect humans and are a major public health concern. to investigate the mechanisms underlying this antiviral protection, we have developed a new model system combining wolbachia-infected drosophila melanogaster cell culture with the model mosquito-borne semliki forest virus (sfv; togaviridae, a ...	2016	27089431
yellow fever virus capsid protein is a potent suppressor of rna silencing that binds double-stranded rna.	mosquito-borne flaviviruses, including yellow fever virus (yfv), zika virus (zikv), and west nile virus (wnv), profoundly affect human health. the successful transmission of these viruses to a human host depends on the pathogen's ability to overcome a potentially sterilizing immune response in the vector mosquito. similar to other invertebrate animals and plants, the mosquito's rna silencing pathway comprises its primary antiviral defense. although a diverse range of plant and insect viruses has ...	2016	27849599
genome investigations of vector competence in aedes aegypti to inform novel arbovirus disease control approaches.	dengue (denv), yellow fever, chikungunya, and zika virus transmission to humans by a mosquito host is confounded by both intrinsic and extrinsic variables. besides virulence factors of the individual arboviruses, likelihood of virus transmission is subject to variability in the genome of the primary mosquito vector, aedes aegypti. the "vectorial capacity" of a. aegypti varies depending upon its density, biting rate, and survival rate, as well as its intrinsic ability to acquire, host and transmi ...	2016	27809220
climate change influences on the global potential distribution of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus, vector of west nile virus and lymphatic filariasis.	rapid emergence of most vector-borne diseases (vbds) may be associated with range expansion of vector populations. culex quinquefasciatus say 1823 is a potential vector of west nile virus, saint louis encephalitis virus, and lymphatic filariasis. we estimated the potential distribution of cx. quinquefasciatus under both current and future climate conditions. the present potential distribution of cx. quinquefasciatus showed high suitability across low-latitude parts of the world, reflecting the c ...	2016	27695107
morphological abnormalities and cell death in the asian citrus psyllid (diaphorina citri) midgut associated with candidatus liberibacter asiaticus.	candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas) is a phloem-limited, gram-negative, fastidious bacterium that is associated with the development of citrus greening disease, also known as huanglongbing (hlb). clas is transmitted by the asian citrus psyllid (acp) diaphorina citri, in a circulative manner. two major barriers to transmission within the insect are the midgut and the salivary glands. we performed a thorough microscopic analysis within the insect midgut following exposure to clas-infected cit ...	2016	27630042
the strica homolog aacasps16 is involved in apoptosis in the yellow fever vector, aedes albopictus.	caspases are a family of cysteine proteases playing essential roles during apoptosis. seven caspases identified in drosophila were dronc, dredd, strica, dcp-1, decay, drice and damm. among them, strica is an insect-specific caspase containing a long serine- and threonine- rich prodomain, of which function is not yet well studied. here we identified a homolog of strica from aedes albopictus, named as aacasps16. aacasps16 encoded a protein containing a putative serine- and threonine-rich prodomain ...	2016	27351972
mosquito saliva increases endothelial permeability in the skin, immune cell migration, and dengue pathogenesis during antibody-dependent enhancement.	dengue remains the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in humans. while probing for blood vessels, aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes transmit the four serotypes of dengue virus (denv1-4) by injecting virus-containing saliva into the skin. even though arthropod saliva is known to facilitate transmission and modulate host responses to other pathogens, the full impact of mosquito saliva on dengue pathogenesis is still not well understood. inoculating mice lacking the interferon-α ...	2016	27310141
a glance at subgenomic flavivirus rnas and micrornas in flavivirus infections.	the family flaviviridae comprises a wide variety of viruses that are distributed worldwide, some of which are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. there are neither vaccines nor antivirals for most flavivirus infections, reinforcing the importance of research on different aspects of the viral life cycle. during infection, cytoplasmic accumulation of rna fragments mainly originating from the 3' utrs, which have been designated subgenomic flavivirus rnas (sfrnas), has been detect ...	2016	27233361
infection pattern and transmission potential of chikungunya virus in two new world laboratory-adapted aedes aegypti strains.	chikungunya virus (chikv) is an emerging mosquito-borne virus belonging to the togaviridae, which is transmitted to humans by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus. we describe the infection pattern of chikv in two new world ae. aegypti strains, hwe and orl. both mosquito strains were susceptible to the virus but showed different infection patterns in midguts and salivary glands. even though acquisition of a bloodmeal showed moderate levels of apoptosis in midgut tissue, there was no obvious addition ...	2016	27102548
endogenously-expressed nh2-terminus of circumsporozoite protein interferes with sporozoite invasion of mosquito salivary glands.	the circumsporozoite protein is the most abundant polypeptide expressed by sporozoites, the malaria parasite stage capable of infecting humans. sporozoite invasion of mosquito salivary glands prior to transmission is likely mediated by a receptor/ligand-like interaction of the parasites with the target tissues, and the amino (nh2)-terminal portion of csp is involved in this interaction but not the tsr region on the carboxyl (c)-terminus. peptides based on the nh2-terminal domain could compete wi ...	2016	26964736
genomic approaches for understanding dengue: insights from the virus, vector, and host.	the incidence and geographic range of dengue have increased dramatically in recent decades. climate change, rapid urbanization and increased global travel have facilitated the spread of both efficient mosquito vectors and the four dengue virus serotypes between population centers. at the same time, significant advances in genomics approaches have provided insights into host-pathogen interactions, immunogenetics, and viral evolution in both humans and mosquitoes. here, we review these advances an ...	2016	26931545
small rna profiling in dengue virus 2-infected aedes mosquito cells reveals viral pirnas and novel host mirnas.	in aedes mosquitoes, infections with arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) trigger or modulate the expression of various classes of viral and host-derived small rnas, including small interfering rnas (sirnas), piwi interacting rnas (pirnas), and micrornas (mirnas). viral sirnas are at the core of the antiviral rna interference machinery, one of the key pathways that limit virus replication in invertebrates. besides sirnas, aedes mosquitoes and cells derived from these insects produce arbovirus-d ...	2016	26914027
transstadial effects of bti on traits of aedes aegypti and infection with dengue virus.	most mosquito control efforts are primarily focused on reducing the adult population size mediated by reductions in the larval population, which should lower risk of disease transmission. although the aim of larviciding is to reduce larval abundance and thus recruitment of adults, nonlethal effects on adults are possible, including transstadial effects on phenotypes of adults such as survival and pathogen infection and transmission. in addition, the mortality induced by control efforts may act i ...	2016	26871951
inhibition of chikungunya virus replication by 1-[(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl) methyl]-2-oxo-indolin-3-ylidene] amino] thiourea(mbzm-n-ibt).	chikungunya virus (chikv) infection is one of the most challenging human arboviral infections with global significance and without any specific antiviral. in this investigation, 1-[(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-yl) methyl]-2-oxo-indolin-3-ylidene] amino] thiourea (mbzm-n-ibt) was synthesised as a molecular hybrid of 2-methyl benzimidazole and isatin-β-thiosemicarbazone and its anti-chikv property was evaluated. the release of infectious virus particles was calculated by plaque assay, expression profil ...	2016	26843462
apoptosis, autophagy and unfolded protein response pathways in arbovirus replication and pathogenesis.	arboviruses are pathogens that widely affect the health of people in different communities around the world. recently, a few successful approaches toward production of effective vaccines against some of these pathogens have been developed, but treatment and prevention of the resulting diseases remain a major health and research concern. the arbovirus infection and replication processes are complex, and many factors are involved in their regulation. apoptosis, autophagy and the unfolded protein r ...	2016	26781343
rapid detection strategies for the global threat of zika virus: current state, new hypotheses, and limitations.	the current scenario regarding the widespread zika virus (zikv) has resulted in numerous diagnostic studies, specifically in south america and in locations where there is frequent entry of travelers returning from zikv-affected areas, including pregnant women with or without clinical symptoms of zikv infection. the world health organization, who, announced that millions of cases of zikv are likely to occur in the usa in the near future. this situation has created an alarming public health emerge ...	2016	27822207
characterization of a novel murine model to study zika virus.	the mosquito-borne zika virus (zikv) is responsible for an explosive ongoing outbreak of febrile illness across the americas. zikv was previously thought to cause only a mild, flu-like illness, but during the current outbreak, an association with guillain-barré syndrome and microcephaly in neonates has been detected. a previous study showed that zikv requires murine adaptation to generate reproducible murine disease. in our study, a low-passage cambodian isolate caused disease and mortality in m ...	2016	27022155
epidemiology of emergent madariaga encephalitis in a region with endemic venezuelan equine encephalitis: initial host studies and human cross-sectional study in darien, panama.	neurotropic arboviral infections are an important cause of encephalitis. a zoonotic, vector-borne alphavirus, madariaga virus (madv; formerly known as south american eastern equine encephalitis virus), caused its first documented human outbreak in 2010 in darien, panama, where the genetically similar venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) is endemic. we report the results of a seroprevalence survey of animals and humans, illustrating contrasting features of madv and veev ecology and epidemi ...	2016	27101567
the role of the membrane in the structure and biophysical robustness of the dengue virion envelope.	the dengue virion is surrounded by an envelope of membrane proteins surrounding a lipid bilayer. we have combined the cryoelectron microscopy structures of the membrane proteins (pdb: 3j27) with a lipid bilayer whose composition is based on lipidomics data for insect cell membranes, to obtain a near-atomic resolution computational model of the envelope of the dengue virion. a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation on the microsecond timescale enables analysis of key biophysical properties ...	2016	26833387
coeloconic sensilla on the antennae of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.).		2016	5026452
histopathology of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae parasitized by reesimermis nielseni (nematoda: mermithidae).		2016	4761359
esterase polymorphism in aedes aegypti: the genetics and k m values of electrophoretically heterogeneous forms.		2016	5038250
frequency of blood feeding in the mosquito aedes aegypti.		2016	4937213
systemically and cutaneously distributed ectoparasiticides: a review of the efficacy against ticks and fleas on dogs.	acaricidal (tick) and insecticidal (flea) efficacy of systemically and cutaneously distributed ectoparasiticide products for dogs are compared based on permethrin and fluralaner as representative molecules. results of efficacy studies against fleas and ticks are reviewed that show generally good to excellent results. both externally and systemically distributed treatments have benefits and weaknesses in potentially preventing pathogen transmission by these arthropod vectors.four general properti ...	2016	27502490
vaccines and immunization strategies for dengue prevention.	dengue is currently the most significant arboviral disease afflicting tropical and sub-tropical countries worldwide. dengue vaccines, such as the multivalent attenuated, chimeric, dna and inactivated vaccines, have been developed to prevent dengue infection in humans, and they function predominantly by stimulating immune responses against the dengue virus (denv) envelope (e) and nonstructural-1 proteins (ns1). of these vaccines, a live attenuated chimeric tetravalent denv vaccine developed by sa ...	2016	27436365
disease vectors in the era of next generation sequencing.	almost 20 % of all infectious human diseases are vector borne and, together, are responsible for over one million deaths per annum. over the past decade, the decreasing costs of massively parallel sequencing technologies have facilitated the agnostic interrogation of insect vector genomes, giving medical entomologists access to an ever-expanding volume of high-quality genomic and transcriptomic data. in this review, we highlight how genomics resources have provided new insights into the physiolo ...	2016	27154554
genomic insights into the ixodes scapularis tick vector of lyme disease.	ticks transmit more pathogens to humans and animals than any other arthropod. we describe the 2.1 gbp nuclear genome of the tick, ixodes scapularis (say), which vectors pathogens that cause lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis and other diseases. the large genome reflects accumulation of repetitive dna, new lineages of retro-transposons, and gene architecture patterns resembling ancient metazoans rather than pancrustaceans. annotation of scaffolds representing ∼57% of the ge ...	2016	26856261
zika virus: an update on epidemiology, pathology, molecular biology, and animal model.	zika virus (zikv) was first described in 1947, and became a health emergency problem in 2016 when its association with fetal microcephaly cases was confirmed by centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) in the united states. to date, zikv infection has been documented in 66 countries. zikv is recognized as a neurotropic virus and numerous diseases manifested in multiple neurological disorders have been described, mainly in countries that have been exposed to zikv after the 2007 outbreak i ...	2016	27124623
magnitude of neglected tropical diseases in indonesia at postmillennium development goals era.	the world will enter the postmillennium development goals 2015 era. the achievements of the millennium development goals (mdgs) as a global development target need to be evaluated. a sustainable new reasonable target is important for neglected tropical diseases (ntd) elimination in indonesia. this review describes the ntd situation in indonesia and highlights problems beneath the ntd transmission. multidisciplinary approach is a promising strategy to help the marginalized people.	2016	27190525
the untapped cell biology of neglected tropical diseases.	the world health organization lists a constellation of 17 tropical diseases that afflict approximately one in six individuals on the planet and, until recently, few resources have been devoted to the treatment and eradication of those diseases. they are often referred to as the diseases of the "bottom billion," because they are most prevalent among the poorest individuals in impoverished tropical nations. however, the few studies that have been performed reveal an extraordinary world of molecula ...	2016	26915691
detection of dengue, west nile virus, rickettsiosis and leptospirosis by a new real-time pcr strategy.	dengue virus (denv) infection causes sudden fever along with several nonspecific signs and symptoms and in severe cases, death. denv is transmitted to people by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes, whose populations increase during rainy season. west nile virus (wnv), rickettsia spp. and leptospira spp. are fever-causing pathogens that share many of the initial symptoms of denv infection and also thrive in the rainy season. outbreaks in some regions may be due to any of these pathogens t ...	2016	27350908
structure and functional diversity of gcn5-related n-acetyltransferases (gnat).	general control non-repressible 5 (gcn5)-related n-acetyltransferases (gnat) catalyze the transfer of an acyl moiety from acyl coenzyme a (acyl-coa) to a diverse group of substrates and are widely distributed in all domains of life. this review of the currently available data acquired on gnat enzymes by a combination of structural, mutagenesis and kinetic methods summarizes the key similarities and differences between several distinctly different families within the gnat superfamily, with an emp ...	2016	27367672
overview of zika virus (zikv) infection in regards to the brazilian epidemic.	zika virus (zikv), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, belongs to the flaviviridae family, genus flavivirus. zikv was initially isolated in 1947 from a sentinel monkey in the zika forest, uganda. little clinical importance was attributed to zikv, once only few symptomatic cases were reported in some african and southeast asiatic countries. this situation changed in 2007, when a large outbreak was registered on the yap island, micronesia, caused by the asian zikv lineage. between 2013 and 2014, zikv spr ...	2016	27143174
zika: the origin and spread of a mosquito-borne virus.	to describe the temporal and geographical distribution of zika virus infection and associated neurological disorders, from 1947 to 1 february 2016, when zika became a public health emergency of international concern (pheic).	2016	27708473
annotation of the asian citrus psyllid genome reveals a reduced innate immune system.	citrus production worldwide is currently facing significant losses due to citrus greening disease, also known as huanglongbing. the citrus greening bacteria, candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas), is a persistent propagative pathogen transmitted by the asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama (hemiptera: liviidae). hemipterans characterized to date lack a number of insect immune genes, including those associated with the imd pathway targeting gram-negative bacteria. the d. citri draft ...	2016	27965582
disruption of phenylalanine hydroxylase reduces adult lifespan and fecundity, and impairs embryonic development in parthenogenetic pea aphids.	phenylalanine hydroxylase (pah) is a key tyrosine-biosynthetic enzyme involved in neurological and melanin-associated physiological processes. despite extensive investigations in holometabolous insects, a pah contribution to insect embryonic development has never been demonstrated. here, we have characterized, for the first time, the pah gene in a hemimetabolous insect, the aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. phylogenetic and sequence analyses confirmed that appah is closely related to metazoan pah, exhi ...	2016	27694983
convergent evolution of trna gene targeting preferences in compact genomes.	in gene-dense genomes, mobile elements are confronted with highly selective pressure to amplify without causing excessive damage to the host. the targeting of trna genes as potentially safe integration sites has been developed by retrotransposons in various organisms such as the social amoeba dictyostelium discoideum and the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. in d. discoideum, trna gene-targeting retrotransposons have expanded to approximately 3 % of the genome. recently obtained genome sequences o ...	2016	27583033
small rna regulators of plant-hemipteran interactions: micromanagers with versatile roles.	non-coding small rnas (srnas) in plants have important roles in regulating biological processes, including development, reproduction, and stress responses. recent research indicates significant roles for srna-mediated gene silencing during plant-hemipteran interactions that involve all three of these biological processes. plant responses to hemipteran feeding are determined by changes in the host transcriptome that appear to be fine-tuned by srnas. the role of srna in plant defense responses is ...	2016	27625654
novel insights into insect-microbe interactions-role of epigenomics and small rnas.	it has become increasingly clear that microbes form close associations with the vast majority of animal species, especially insects. in fact, an array of diverse microbes is known to form shared metabolic pathways with their insect hosts. a growing area of research in insect-microbe interactions, notably for hemipteran insects and their mutualistic symbionts, is to elucidate the regulation of this inter-domain metabolism. this review examines two new emerging mechanisms of gene regulation and th ...	2016	27540386
heat sensitivity of wmel wolbachia during aedes aegypti development.	the wmel strain of wolbachia bacteria is known to prevent dengue and zika virus transmission in the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. accordingly, the release of wmel-infected a. aegypti in endemic regions has been recommended by the world health organization as a potential strategy for controlling dengue and zika outbreaks. however, the utility of this approach could be limited if high temperatures in the aquatic habitats where a. aegypti develop are detrimental to wolbachia. we exposed wmel-infec ...	2016	27459519
de novo transcriptome assembly of the grapevine phylloxera allows identification of genes differentially expressed between leaf- and root-feeding forms.	grapevine phylloxera, an insect related to true aphids, is a major historic pest of viticulture only controlled through the selection of resistant rootstocks or through quarantine regulations where grapevine is cultivated own-rooted. transcriptomic data could help understand the bases of its original life-traits, including a striking case of polyphenism, with forms feeding on roots and forms feeding in leaf-galls. comparisons with true aphids (for which complete genomes have been sequenced) shou ...	2016	26968158
persistent infection by wolbachia walbb has no effect on composition of the gut microbiota in adult female anopheles stephensi.	the bacteria in the midgut of anopheles stephensi adult females from laboratory colonies were studied by sequencing the v4 region of 16s rrna genes, with respect to three experimental factors: stable or cured wolbachia infection; sugar or blood diet; and age. proteobacteria and bacteroidetes dominated the community [>90% of operational taxonomic units (otus)]; most taxa were in the classes flavobacteriia, gammaproteobacteria, and alphaproteobacteria, and were assigned to elizabethkingia (46.9%), ...	2016	27708633
functional integration of the circulatory, immune, and respiratory systems in mosquito larvae: pathogen killing in the hemocyte-rich tracheal tufts.	as both larvae and adults, mosquitoes encounter a barrage of immune insults, ranging from microbe-rich communities in larval habitats to ingested blood-borne pathogens in adult blood meals. given that mosquito adults have evolved an efficient means of eliminating infections in their hemocoel (body cavity) via the coordinated action of their immune and circulatory systems, the goal of the present study was to determine whether such functional integration is also present in larvae.	2016	27643786
mosquito c-type lectins maintain gut microbiome homeostasis.	the long-term evolutionary interaction between the host immune system and symbiotic bacteria determines their cooperative rather than antagonistic relationship. it is known that commensal bacteria have evolved a number of mechanisms to manipulate the mammalian host immune system and maintain homeostasis. however, the strategies employed by the microbiome to overcome host immune responses in invertebrates still remain to be understood. here, we report that the gut microbiome in mosquitoes utilize ...	2016	27170846
open-air biowarfare testing and the evolution of values.	the united states and the united kingdom ended outdoor biological warfare testing in populated areas nearly half a century ago. yet, the conduct, health effects, and propriety of those tests remain controversial. the varied views reflect the limits of currently available test information and evolving societal values on research involving human subjects. western political culture has changed since the early days of the american and british testing programs. people have become less reluctant to qu ...	2016	27564984
symbiosis with francisella tularensis provides resistance to pathogens in the silkworm.	francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a highly virulent facultative intracellular pathogen found in a wide range of animals, including arthropods, and environments. this bacterium has been known for over 100 years, but the lifestyle of f. tularensis in natural reservoirs remains largely unknown. thus, we established a novel natural host model for f. tularensis using the silkworm (bombyx mori), which is an insect model for infection by pathogens. f. tularensis established a ...	2016	27507264
advances and limitations of disease biogeography using ecological niche modeling.	mapping disease transmission risk is crucial in public and animal health for evidence based decision-making. ecology and epidemiology are highly related disciplines that may contribute to improvements in mapping disease, which can be used to answer health related questions. ecological niche modeling is increasingly used for understanding the biogeography of diseases in plants, animals, and humans. however, epidemiological applications of niche modeling approaches for disease mapping can fail to ...	2016	27547199