Publications

inhibition and larvicidal activity of phenylpropanoids from piper sarmentosum on acetylcholinesterase against mosquito vectors and their binding mode of interaction.	aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus are vectors of dengue fever and west nile virus diseases. this study was conducted to determine the toxicity, mechanism of action and the binding interaction of three active phenylpropanoids from piper sarmentosum (piperaceae) toward late 3rd or early 4th larvae of above vectors. a bioassay guided-fractionation on the hexane extract from the roots of piper sarmentosum led to the isolation and identification of three active phenylpropanoi ...	2016	27152416
zika virus: a new animal model for an arbovirus.		2016	27149628
chikungunya fever cases identified in the veterans health administration system, 2014.	during december 2013, the first locally transmitted chikungunya virus (chikv) infections in the americas were reported in the caribbean. although chikv infection is rarely fatal, risk for severe disease increases with age and medical comorbidities. herein we describe characteristics of veterans health administration (vha) patients with chikv infection and, among those with infections diagnosed in puerto rico, investigated risk factors for hospitalization.	2016	27144588
multi-stakeholder decision aid for improved prioritization of the public health impact of climate sensitive infectious diseases.	the effects of climate change on infectious diseases are an important global health concern and necessitate decisions for allocation of resources. economic tools have been used previously; however, how prioritization results might differ when done using broader considerations identified by local stakeholders has yet to be assessed. a multicriteria decision analysis (mcda) approach was used to assess multi-stakeholder expressed concerns around disease prioritization via focus groups held in quebe ...	2016	27077875
zika virus outbreak in rio de janeiro, brazil: clinical characterization, epidemiological and virological aspects.	in 2015, brazil was faced with the cocirculation of three arboviruses of major public health importance. the emergence of zika virus (zikv) presents new challenges to both clinicians and public health authorities. overlapping clinical features between diseases caused by zikv, dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv) and the lack of validated serological assays for zikv make accurate diagnosis difficult.	2016	27070912
flavivirus vaccines: innovate, invest, implement.		2016	27211530
harnessing the power of defensive microbes: evolutionary implications in nature and disease control.		2016	27058881
neglected tropical diseases in the anthropocene: the cases of zika, ebola, and other infections.		2016	27058728
digestion of yeasts and beta-1,3-glucanases in mosquito larvae: physiological and biochemical considerations.	aedes aegypti larvae ingest several kinds of microorganisms. in spite of studies regarding mosquito digestion, little is known about the nutritional utilization of ingested cells by larvae. we investigated the effects of using yeasts as the sole nutrient source for a. aegypti larvae. we also assessed the role of beta-1,3-glucanases in digestion of live yeast cells. beta-1,3-glucanases are enzymes which hydrolyze the cell wall beta-1,3-glucan polyssacharide. larvae were fed with cat food (control ...	2016	27007411
establishment of a novel primary human skeletal myoblast cellular model for chikungunya virus infection and pathogenesis.	chikungunya virus (chikv) is a re-emerging arbovirus known to cause chronic myalgia and arthralgia and is now considered endemic in countries across asia and africa. the tissue tropism of chikv infection in humans remains, however, ill-defined. due to the fact that myositis is commonly observed in most patients infected with chikv, we sought to develop a clinically relevant cellular model to better understand the pathogenesis of chikv infection. in this study, primary human skeletal muscle myobl ...	2016	26892458
high prevalence of west nile virus in domestic birds and detection in 2 new mosquito species in madagascar.	west nile virus is an arthropod-borne zoonosis transmitted by a large number of mosquito species, and birds play a key role as reservoir of the virus. its distribution is largely widespread over africa, asia, the americas and europe. since 1978, it has frequently been reported in madagascar. studies described a high seroprevalence level of the virus in humans in different areas of the island and a human fatal case of wnv infection was reported in 2011. despite these reports, the epidemiology of ...	2016	26807720
navigating the zika panic.	the epidemics of ebola virus in west africa and zika virus in america highlight how viruses can explosively emerge into new territories. these epidemics also exposed how unprepared we are to handle infectious disease emergencies. this is also true when we consider hypothesized new clinical features of infection, such as the associations between zika virus infection and severe neurological disease, including microcephaly and guillain-barré syndrome. on the surface, these pathologies appear to be ...	2016	27746903
preventing zika virus infection during pregnancy using a seasonal window of opportunity for conception.	it has come to light that zika virus (zikv) infection during pregnancy can result in trans-placental transmission to the fetus along with fetal death, congenital microcephaly, and/or central nervous system (cns) malformations. there are projected to be >9,200,000 births annually in countries with ongoing zikv transmission. in response to the zikv threat, the world health organization (who) is strategically targeting prevention of infection in pregnant women and funding contraception in epidemic ...	2016	27467271
selective factors associated with the evolution of codon usage in natural populations of arboviruses.	arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) have life cycles that include both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts with substantial differences in vector and host specificity between different viruses. most arboviruses utilize rna for their genetic material and are completely dependent on host trnas for their translation, suggesting that virus codon usage could be a target for selection. in the current study we analyzed the relative synonymous codon usage (rscu) patterns of 26 arboviruses together with ...	2016	27455096
infection rates by dengue virus in mosquitoes and the influence of temperature may be related to different endemicity patterns in three colombian cities.	colombia is an endemic country for dengue fever where the four serotypes of virus dengue (denv1-4) circulate simultaneously, and all types are responsible for dengue cases in the country. the control strategies are guided by entomological surveillance. however, heterogeneity in aedic indices is not well correlated with the incidence of the disease in cities such as riohacha, bello and villavicencio. as an alternative, molecular detection of dengue virus in mosquitoes has been proposed as a usefu ...	2016	27455289
composition and genetic diversity of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) on islands and mainland shores of kenya's lakes victoria and baringo.	the lake baringo and lake victoria regions of kenya are associated with high seroprevalence of mosquito-transmitted arboviruses. however, molecular identification of potential mosquito vector species, including morphologically identified ones, remains scarce. to estimate the diversity, abundance, and distribution of mosquito vectors on the mainland shores and adjacent inhabited islands in these regions, we collected and morphologically identified adult and immature mosquitoes and obtained the co ...	2016	27402888
using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to mark wild populations of anopheles and aedes mosquitoes in south-eastern tanzania.	marking wild mosquitoes is important for understanding their ecology, behaviours and role in disease transmission. traditional insect marking techniques include using fluorescent dyes, protein labels, radioactive labels and tags, but such techniques have various limitations; notably low marker retention and inability to mark wild mosquitoes at source. stable isotopes are gaining wide spread use for non-invasive marking of arthropods, permitting greater understanding of mosquito dispersal and res ...	2016	27392083
vector competence of northern european culex pipiens biotypes and hybrids for west nile virus is differentially affected by temperature.	outbreaks of west nile virus (wnv) have not occurred in northern europe despite nearby circulation of wnv in the southern part of the continent. the main vector for wnv, the mosquito culex (cx.) pipiens, consists of two behaviorally distinct biotypes, pipiens and molestus, which can form hybrids. although temperature has been shown to influence vector competence of cx. pipiens for wnv and biotypes are differentially susceptible towards infection, the interaction between the two has not been eluc ...	2016	27388451
infectivity of immature neurons to zika virus: a link to congenital zika syndrome.	epidemiological data strongly suggest that microcephaly cases in brazil are associated with the ongoing epidemic of zika virus (zikv). in order to further solidify the possible link, we investigated the infectivity of zikv using various neuroblastoma (nb) cell lines.	2016	27364784
has rift valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in east africa?	rift valley fever (rvf) outbreaks have occurred across eastern africa from 1912 to 2010 approximately every 4-15 years, most of which have not been accompanied by significant epidemics in human populations. however, human epidemics during rvf outbreaks in eastern africa have involved 478 deaths in 1998, 1107 reported cases with 350 deaths from 2006 to 2007 and 1174 cases with 241 deaths in 2008. we review the history of rvf outbreaks in eastern africa to identify the epidemiological factors that ...	2016	27329846
spatial and temporal hot spots of aedes albopictus abundance inside and outside a south european metropolitan area.	aedes albopictus is a tropical invasive species which in the last decades spread worldwide, also colonizing temperate regions of europe and us, where it has become a public health concern due to its ability to transmit exotic arboviruses, as well as severe nuisance problems due to its aggressive daytime outdoor biting behaviour. while several studies have been carried out in order to predict the potential limits of the species expansions based on eco-climatic parameters, few studies have so far ...	2016	27333276
genetic drift, purifying selection and vector genotype shape dengue virus intra-host genetic diversity in mosquitoes.	due to their error-prone replication, rna viruses typically exist as a diverse population of closely related genomes, which is considered critical for their fitness and adaptive potential. intra-host demographic fluctuations that stochastically reduce the effective size of viral populations are a challenge to maintaining genetic diversity during systemic host infection. arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) traverse several anatomical barriers during infection of their arthropod vectors that are ...	2016	27304978
toxicity of boswellia dalzielii (burseraceae) leaf fractions against immature stages of anopheles gambiae (giles) and culex quinquefasciatus (say) (diptera: culicidae).	mosquitoes are vectors of several human pathogens, and great attention has recently been placed on insecticides from plant-derived products, in search for mosquito control agents. this study, thus, investigated the potency of boswellia dalzielii methanol leaf extract and its four fractions as mosquito ovicide, larvicide, and pupicide against anopheles gambiae and culex quinquefasciatus. the plant products were tested at the following concentrations: 125, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm on eggs and ...	2016	27279752
four emerging arboviral diseases in north america: jamestown canyon, powassan, chikungunya, and zika virus diseases.	arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, are viruses that are transmitted through the bites of mosquitoes, ticks, or sandflies. there are numerous arboviruses throughout the world capable of causing human disease spanning different viral families and genera. recently, jamestown canyon, powassan, chikungunya, and zika viruses have emerged as increasingly important arboviruses that can cause human disease in north america. unfortunately, there are currently no proven disease-modifying therapies fo ...	2016	26903031
the wmel strain of wolbachia reduces transmission of zika virus by aedes aegypti.	zika virus (zikv) is causing an explosive outbreak of febrile disease in the americas. there are no effective antiviral therapies or licensed vaccines for this virus, and mosquito control strategies have not been adequate to contain the virus. a promising candidate for arbovirus control and prevention relies on the introduction of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia into aedes aegypti mosquitoes. this primarily has been proposed as a tool to control dengue virus (denv) transmission; however, e ...	2016	27364935
the threat of zika virus in sub-saharan africa - the need to remain vigilant.		2016	27303663
public health round-up.		2016	27147758
the wmel strain of wolbachia reduces transmission of chikungunya virus in aedes aegypti.	new approaches to preventing chikungunya virus (chikv) are needed because current methods are limited to controlling mosquito populations, and they have not prevented the invasion of this virus into new locales, nor have they been sufficient to control the virus upon arrival. a promising candidate for arbovirus control and prevention relies on the introduction of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia into aedes aegypti mosquitoes. this primarily has been proposed as a tool to control dengue viru ...	2016	27124663
unique pfk regulatory property from some mosquito vectors of disease, and from drosophila melanogaster.	arthropod-borne diseases are some of the most rapidly spreading diseases. reducing the vector population is currently the only effective way to reduce case numbers. central metabolic pathways are potential targets to control vector populations, but have not been well explored to this aim. the information available on energy metabolism, as a way to control lifespan and dispersion through flight of dipteran vectors, is inadequate.	2016	26911930
synthetic strategy and antiviral evaluation of diamide containing heterocycles targeting dengue and yellow fever virus.	high-throughput screening of a subset of the cd3 chemical library (centre for drug design and discovery; ku leuven) provided us with a lead compound 1, displaying low micromolar potency against dengue virus and yellow fever virus. within a project aimed at discovering new inhibitors of flaviviruses, substitution of its central imidazole ring led to synthesis of variably substituted pyrazine dicarboxylamides and phthalic diamides, which were evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and ant ...	2016	27240271
resurgence of yellow fever in angola, 2015-2016.		2016	27536787
animals in the zika virus life cycle: what to expect from megadiverse latin american countries.	zika virus (zikv) was first isolated in 1947 in primates in uganda, west africa. the virus remained confined to the equatorial regions of africa and asia, cycling between infecting monkeys, arboreal mosquitoes, and occasionally humans. the zikv asiatic strain was probably introduced into brazil in or around late 2013. presently, zikv is in contact with the rich biodiversity in all brazilian biomes, bordering on other latin american countries. infections in brazilian primates have been reported r ...	2016	28005902
artificial diets for mosquitoes.	mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for more than a million human deaths every year. modern mosquito control strategies such as sterile insect technique (sit), release of insects carrying a dominant lethal (ridl), population replacement strategies (pr), and wolbachia-based strategies require the rearing of large numbers of mosquitoes in culture for continuous release over an extended period of time. anautogenous mosquitoes require essential nutrients for egg production, which they obtain thr ...	2016	28009851
diversity of cultivable midgut microbiota at different stages of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus from tezpur, india.	aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus are among the most important vectors of arboviral diseases, worldwide. recent studies indicate that diverse midgut microbiota of mosquitoes significantly affect development, digestion, metabolism, and immunity of their hosts. midgut microbiota has also been suggested to modulate the competency of mosquitoes to transmit arboviruses, malaria parasites etc. interestingly, the midgut microbial flora is dynamic and the diversity changes with the development of vectors ...	2016	27941985
introduction and transmission of zika virus in brazil: new challenges for the americas.		2016	27007567
comparative genomic analysis of pre-epidemic and epidemic zika virus strains for virological factors potentially associated with the rapidly expanding epidemic.	less than 20 sporadic cases of human zika virus (zikv) infection were reported in africa and asia before 2007, but large outbreaks involving up to 73% of the populations on the pacific islands have started since 2007, and spread to the americas in 2014. moreover, the clinical manifestation of zikv infection has apparently changed, as evident by increasing reports of neurological complications, such as guillain-barré syndrome in adults and congenital anomalies in neonates. we comprehensively comp ...	2016	26980239
outbreak of zika virus disease in the americas and the association with microcephaly, congenital malformations and guillain-barré syndrome.		2016	26998633
human antibody response to dengue virus: implications for dengue vaccine design.	dengue, a global health threat, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most tropical and subtropical countries. dengue can range from asymptomatic, relatively mild dengue fever to severe and life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever. disease severity and outcome is largely associated with the host immune response. several candidate vaccines in clinical trials appear promising as effective measures for dengue disease control. vaccine development has been hampered by safety and efficacy ...	2016	27398060
zika virus and pregnancy: a review of the literature and clinical considerations.	the latest zika virus (zikv) outbreak has reached epidemic proportions as it spreads throughout south and central america. in november 2015, the brazilian ministry of health reported a 20-fold increase in the number of cases of neonatal microcephaly, which corresponds geographically and temporally to the zikv outbreak. case reports have provided some evidence of a causal link between maternal zikv infection, fetal microcephaly, and intracranial calcifications. the sparse data regarding zikv in p ...	2016	26939047
role of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and aedes albopictus (skuse) in local dengue epidemics in taiwan.	aedes mosquitoes in taiwan mainly comprise aedes albopictus and ae. aegypti. however, the species contributing to autochthonous dengue spread and the extent at which it occurs remain unclear. thus, in this study, we spatially analyzed real data to determine spatial features related to local dengue incidence and mosquito density, particularly that of ae. albopictus and ae. aegypti.	2016	27829399
low sensitivity of the tourniquet test for differential diagnosis of dengue: an analysis of 28,000 trials in patients.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the tourniquet test (tt) for dengue diagnosing. to our knowledge, no previous study with such a large sample, of this duration, with as many laboratory methods referenced, or relating the results of the tt to the 2009 who classification of severity has been conducted thus far.	2016	27809813
vertical transmission of zika virus in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.	previous experimental studies have demonstrated that a number of mosquito-borne flavivirus pathogens are vertically transmitted in their insect vectors, providing a mechanism for these arboviruses to persist during adverse climatic conditions or in the absence of a susceptible vertebrate host. in this study, designed to test whether zika virus (zikv) could be vertically transmitted, female aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus were injected with zikv, and their f1 adult progeny were tested for zikv ...	2016	27573623
unsuspected dengue as a cause of acute febrile illness in children and adults in western nicaragua.	dengue is an emerging infectious disease of global significance. suspected dengue, especially in children in nicaragua's heavily-urbanized capital of managua, has been well documented, but unsuspected dengue among children and adults with undifferentitated fever has not.	2016	27792777
vector competence of american mosquitoes for three strains of zika virus.	in 2015, zika virus (zikv; flaviviridae; flavivirus) emerged in the americas, causing millions of infections in dozens of countries. the rapid spread of the virus and the association with disease outcomes such as guillain-barré syndrome and microcephaly make understanding transmission dynamics essential. currently, there are no reports of vector competence (vc) of american mosquitoes for zikv isolates from the americas. further, it is not clear whether zikv strains from other genetic lineages ca ...	2016	27783679
a review of the mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) of bangladesh.	diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in bangladesh. to better control the vectors that transmit the agents of disease, and hence the diseases they cause, and to appreciate the diversity of the family culicidae, it is important to have an up-to-date list of the species present in the country. original records were collected from a literature review to compile a list of the species recorded in bangladesh.	2016	27770829
zika virus (zikv).		2016	27994533
looking for inhibitors of the dengue virus ns5 rna-dependent rna-polymerase using a molecular docking approach.	the dengue virus (denv) nonstructural protein 5 (ns5) contains both an n-terminal methyltransferase domain and a c-terminal rna-dependent rna polymerase domain. polymerase activity is responsible for viral rna synthesis by a de novo initiation mechanism and represents an attractive target for antiviral therapy. the incidence of denv has grown rapidly and it is now estimated that half of the human population is at risk of becoming infected with this virus. despite this, there are no effective dru ...	2016	27784988
zika virus on a spreading spree: what we now know that was unknown in the 1950's.	zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is transmitted through the bite of aedes spp mosquitoes and less predominantly, through sexual intercourse. prior to 2007, zikv was associated with only sporadic human infections with minimal or no clinical manifestations. recently the virus has caused disease outbreaks from the pacific islands, the americas, and off the coast of west africa with approximately 1.62 million people suspected to be infected in more than 60 countries around the g ...	2016	27716242
full genome sequence and sfrna interferon antagonist activity of zika virus from recife, brazil.	the outbreak of zika virus (zikv) in the americas has transformed a previously obscure mosquito-transmitted arbovirus of the flaviviridae family into a major public health concern. little is currently known about the evolution and biology of zikv and the factors that contribute to the associated pathogenesis. determining genomic sequences of clinical viral isolates and characterization of elements within these are an important prerequisite to advance our understanding of viral replicative proces ...	2016	27706161
management of infection by the zika virus.	a panel of national experts was convened by the brazilian infectious diseases society in order to organize the national recommendations for the management of zika virus infection. the focus of this document is the diagnosis, both clinical and laboratorial, and appropriate treatment of the diverse manifestations of this infection, ranging from acute mild disease to guillain-barré syndrome and also microcephaly and congenital malformations.	2016	27686610
the golgi associated eri3 is a flavivirus host factor.	dengue virus (denv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus classified into four serotypes (denv-1-4) that causes dengue fever (df), dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) or dengue shock syndrome (dss). an estimated 390 million people are at risk for infection with denv and there are no effective vaccines or therapeutics. we utilized rna chromatography coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry (qms) to identify host rna binding proteins (rbps) that interact with denv-2 rna. we identified eri3 (also prnpip and ...	2016	27682269
discovery of novel viruses in mosquitoes from the zambezi valley of mozambique.	mosquitoes carry a wide variety of viruses that can cause vector-borne infectious diseases and affect both human and veterinary public health. although mozambique can be considered a hot spot for emerging infectious diseases due to factors such as a rich vector population and a close vector/human/wildlife interface, the viral flora in mosquitoes have not previously been investigated. in this study, viral metagenomics was employed to analyze the viral communities in culex and mansonia mosquitoes ...	2016	27682810
sequence diversity of dengue virus type 2 in brain and thymus of infected interferon receptor ko mice: implications for dengue virulence.	we previously reported that a clinical isolate of dengue virus (denv) is capable of causing acute-phase systemic infection in mice harboring knockouts of the genes encoding type-i and -ii interferon ifn receptors (ifn-α/β/γr ko mice); in contrast, other virulent denv isolates exhibited slow disease progression in this mice, yielding lethal infection around 20 days post-infection (p.i.). in the present study, we sought to clarify the dynamics of slow disease progression by examining disease progr ...	2016	27903277
febrile illness diagnostics and the malaria-industrial complex: a socio-environmental perspective.	global prioritization of single-disease eradication programs over improvements to basic diagnostic capacity in the global south have left the world unprepared for epidemics of chikungunya, ebola, zika, and whatever lies on the horizon. the medical establishment is slowly realizing that in many parts of sub-saharan africa (ssa), particularly urban areas, up to a third of patients suffering from acute fever do not receive a correct diagnosis of their infection.	2016	27855644
dna microarray platform for detection and surveillance of viruses transmitted by small mammals and arthropods.	viruses transmitted by small mammals and arthropods serve as global threats to humans. most emergent and re-emergent viral agents are transmitted by these groups; therefore, the development of high-throughput screening methods for the detection and surveillance of such viruses is of great interest. in this study, we describe a dna microarray platform that can be used for screening all viruses transmitted by small mammals and arthropods (smaviruschip) with nucleotide sequences that have been depo ...	2016	27654806
detection of invasive mosquito vectors using environmental dna (edna) from water samples.	repeated introductions and spread of invasive mosquito species (ims) have been recorded on a large scale these last decades worldwide. in this context, members of the mosquito genus aedes can present serious risks to public health as they have or may develop vector competence for various viral diseases. while the tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) is a well-known vector for e.g. dengue and chikungunya viruses, the asian bush mosquito (ae. j. japonicus) and ae. koreicus have shown vector competenc ...	2016	27626642
new paradigms for virus detection, surveillance and control of zika virus vectors in the settings of southeast asia.	zika virus (zikv) has now become a global public health concern. the vectors for zikv are aedes aegypti and a. albopictus. both these mosquitoes are predominant in southeast asia and are also responsible for the spread of other arboviral diseases like dengue virus and chikungunya virus. the incidence of dengue has been increasing over the years and this is of concern to public health workers. simple laboratory tools for the detection of zikv is also lacking. in the absence of drugs and vaccine f ...	2016	27679623
nonstructural proteins are preferential positive selection targets in zika virus and related flaviviruses.	the flavivirus genus comprises several human pathogens such as dengue virus (denv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), and zika virus (zikv). although zikv usually causes mild symptoms, growing evidence is linking it to congenital birth defects and to increased risk of guillain-barré syndrome. zikv encodes a polyprotein that is processed to produce three structural and seven nonstructural (ns) proteins. we investigated the evolution of the viral polyprotein in zikv and in related flaviviruses (d ...	2016	27588756
molecular signatures associated with zikv exposure in human cortical neural progenitors.	zika virus (zikv) infection causes microcephaly and has been linked to other brain abnormalities. how zikv impairs brain development and function is unclear. here we systematically profiled transcriptomes of human neural progenitor cells exposed to asian zikv(c), african zikv(m), and dengue virus (denv). in contrast to the robust global transcriptome changes induced by denv, zikv has a more selective and larger impact on expression of genes involved in dna replication and repair. while overall e ...	2016	27580721
zika fetal neuropathogenesis: etiology of a viral syndrome.	the ongoing zika virus epidemic in the americas and the observed association with both fetal abnormalities (primary microcephaly) and adult autoimmune pathology (guillain-barré syndrome) has brought attention to this neglected pathogen. while initial case studies generated significant interest in the zika virus outbreak, larger prospective epidemiology and basic virology studies examining the mechanisms of zika viral infection and associated pathophysiology are only now starting to be published. ...	2016	27560129
modeling mosquito-borne disease spread in u.s. urbanized areas: the case of dengue in miami.	expansion of mosquito-borne pathogens into more temperate regions of the world necessitates tools such as mathematical models for understanding the factors that contribute to the introduction and emergence of a disease in populations naïve to the disease. often, these models are not developed and analyzed until after a pathogen is detected in a population. in this study, we develop a spatially explicit stochastic model parameterized with publicly available u.s. census data for studying the poten ...	2016	27532496
a community-based prospective cohort study of dengue viral infection in malaysia: the study protocol.	globally, dengue infections constitute a significant public health burden. in recent decades, malaysia has become a dengue hyper-endemic country with the co-circulation of the four dengue virus serotypes. the cyclical dominance of sub-types contributes to a pattern of major outbreaks. the consequences can be observed in the rising incidence of reported dengue cases and dengue related deaths. understanding the complex interaction of the dengue virus, its human hosts and the mosquito vectors at th ...	2016	27510731
development and utility of an in vitro, fluorescence-based assay for the discovery of novel compounds against dengue 2 viral protease.	dengue disease is one of the most significant vector-borne illnesses in the world. the emergence and re-emergence of dengue infections in many parts of the world affect millions annually and continue to burden public health systems especially in low-income populations. advances in dengue vaccine development showed promising results; however, protection seems to be suboptimal. there is no licensed chemotherapeutic agent against dengue to date. an ideal scenario of combinatorial vaccination of hig ...	2016	27551237
larval application of sodium channel homologous dsrna restores pyrethroid insecticide susceptibility in a resistant adult mosquito population.	mosquitoes host and pass on to humans a variety of disease-causing pathogens such as infectious viruses and other parasitic microorganisms. the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance is threatening the effectiveness of current control measures for common mosquito vector borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue and zika. therefore, the emerging resistance to the widely used pyrethroid insecticides is an alarming problem for public health. herein we demonstrated the use of rna interference ...	2016	27416771
flaviviruses as a cause of undifferentiated fever in sindh province, pakistan: a preliminary report.	arboviral diseases are expanding worldwide, yet global surveillance is often limited due to diplomatic and cultural barriers between nations. with human encroachment into new habitats, mosquito-borne viruses are also invading new areas. the actual prevalence of expanding arboviruses is unknown in pakistan due to inappropriate diagnosis and poor testing for arboviral diseases. the primary objective of this study was to document evidence of flavivirus infections as the cause of undifferentiated fe ...	2016	26909342
changes in the proteome of langat-infected ixodes scapularis ise6 cells: metabolic pathways associated with flavivirus infection.	ticks (family ixodidae) transmit a variety of disease causing agents to humans and animals. the tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfs; family flaviviridae) are a complex of viruses, many of which cause encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever, and represent global threats to human health and biosecurity. pathogenesis has been well studied in human and animal disease models. equivalent analyses of tick-flavivirus interactions are limited and represent an area of study that could reveal novel approaches for tbf ...	2016	26859745
the asian tiger hunts in maputo city--the first confirmed report of aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse, 1895) in mozambique.	increasing evidence suggests that dengue fever is endemic in mozambique. larvae of both the afrotropical vector aedes aegypti and its subspecies, ae. aegypti formosus, have been reported from three provinces in mozambique, two of which recently experienced dengue outbreaks. despite reports of the invasive oriental vector ae. albopictus on the islands in the mozambique channel and nearby indian ocean, the species has not yet been reported in mozambique.	2016	26856329
cross-protection induced by japanese encephalitis vaccines against different genotypes of dengue viruses in mice.	dengue viruses (denvs) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev) are closely related mosquito-borne flaviviruses that cause very high global disease burdens. although cross-reactivity and cross-protection within flaviviruses have been demonstrated, the effect of jev vaccination on susceptibility to denv infection has not been well elucidated. in this study, we found that vaccination with the jev inactivated vaccine (inv) and live attenuated vaccine (lav) could induce cross-immune responses and cross ...	2016	26818736
long-lasting immune protection and other epidemiological findings after chikungunya emergence in a cambodian rural community, april 2012.	the east/central/south african genotype of chikungunya virus with the e1-a226v mutation emerged in 2011 in cambodia and spread in 2012. an outbreak of 190 cases was documented in trapeang roka, a rural village. we surveyed 425 village residents within 3-4 weeks after the outbreak, and determined the sensitivity and specificity of case definitions and factors associated with infection by chikv. self-reported clinical presentation consisted mostly of fever, rash and arthralgia. the presence of all ...	2016	26752630
behavioral response of aedes aegypti mosquito towards essential oils using olfactometer.	aedes aegypti mosquito is responsible for transmitting human diseases like dengue and chikungunya. personal or space protection with insect repellents is a practical approach to reducing human mosquito contact, thereby minimizing disease transmission. essential oils are natural volatile substances from plants used as protective measure against blood-sucking mosquitoes.	2016	27308295
screening of methanolic plant extracts against larvae of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi in mysore.	mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of death every year. vector control is facing a threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. nine different locally available medicinally important plants suspected to posse larvicidal property were screened against fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi to a series of concentrations of ...	2016	27308289
insecticide resistance and management strategies in urban ecosystems.	the increased urbanization of a growing global population makes imperative the development of sustainable integrated pest management (ipm) strategies for urban pest control. this emphasizes pests that are closely associated with the health and wellbeing of humans and domesticated animals. concurrently there are regulatory requirements enforced to minimize inadvertent exposures to insecticides in the urban environment. development of insecticide resistance management (irm) strategies in urban eco ...	2016	26751480
intra-epidemic evolutionary dynamics of a dengue virus type 1 population reveal mutant spectra that correlate with disease transmission.	dengue virus (denv) is currently the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral pathogen. denvs naturally exist as highly heterogeneous populations. even though the descriptions on denv diversity are plentiful, only a few studies have narrated the dynamics of intra-epidemic virus diversity at a fine scale. such accounts are important to decipher the reciprocal relationship between viral evolutionary dynamics and disease transmission that shape dengue epidemiology. in the current study, we present a mic ...	2016	26940650
zika virus and its implication in transfusion safety.		2016	26969782
transcriptome analysis of the midgut of the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi infected with antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus.	the antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus (apnpv) is an exclusive pathogen of a. pernyi. the intense interactions between apnpv and a. pernyi cause a series of physiological and pathological changes to a. pernyi. however, no detailed report exists regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between apnpv and a. pernyi. in this study, four cdna libraries of the a. pernyi midgut, including two apnpv-infected groups and two control groups, were constructed for transcriptomic anal ...	2016	27820844
prolonged shedding of chikungunya virus in semen and urine: a new perspective for diagnosis and implications for transmission.	we report the presence of chikungunya (chikv) rna in the blood, urine and semen during the acute phase of the disease in an adult with a dual infection with dengue virus type 3. the patient, a 25 yr-old man from salvador, brazil, reported a 6-day duration of high fever, arthralgia, myalgia, headache and photophobia.blood and semen specimens were positive for chikv in the first collected samples; semen and urine specimens were positive for chikv after 30 days of symptoms onset. denv-3 rna was pos ...	2016	27882301
genome sequence of dengue virus 3 from the pythium insidiosum transcriptomes.		2016	27379056
nucleotide composition of the zika virus rna genome and its codon usage.	rna viruses have genomes with a distinct nucleotide composition and codon usage. we present the global characteristics of the rna genome of zika virus (zikv), an emerging pathogen within the flavivirus genus. zikv was first isolated in 1947 in uganda, caused a widespread epidemic in south and central america and the caribbean in 2015 and has recently been associated with microcephaly in newborns.	2016	27278486
pathogenesis of zika virus-associated embryopathy.	a strong causal association has become evident between zika virus (zikv) infection during pregnancy and the occurrence of fetal growth restriction, microcephaly and eye defects. circumstantial evidence is presented in this paper in support of the hypothesis that these effects, as well as the guillain-barré syndrome, are due to an endogenous form of hypervitaminosis a resulting from zikv infection-induced damage to the liver and the spillage of stored vitamin a compounds ("retinoids") into the ma ...	2016	27403405
long-term safety and immunogenicity of a tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccine and evaluation of a booster dose administered to healthy thai children.	we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of two doses of a live-attenuated, tetravalent dengue virus vaccine (f17/pre formulation) and a booster dose in a dengue endemic setting in two studies. seven children (7- to 8-year-olds) were followed for 1 year after dose 2 and then given a booster dose (f17/pre formulation), and followed for four more years (child study). in the infant study, 49 2-year-olds, vaccinated as infants, were followed for approximately 3.5 years after dose 2 and then given ...	2016	27022153
scoping review of the zika virus literature.	the global primary literature on zika virus (zikv) (n = 233 studies and reports, up to march 1, 2016) has been compiled using a scoping review methodology to systematically identify and characterise the literature underpinning this broad topic using methods that are documented, updateable and reproducible. our results indicate that more than half the primary literature on zikv has been published since 2011. the articles mainly covered three topic categories: epidemiology of zikv (surveillance an ...	2016	27244249
quantifying the epidemiological impact of vector control on dengue.		2016	27227829
a pan-dengue virus reverse transcription-insulated isothermal pcr assay intended for point-of-need diagnosis of dengue virus infection by use of the pockit nucleic acid analyzer.	dengue virus (denv) infection is considered a major public health problem in developing tropical countries where the virus is endemic and continues to cause major disease outbreaks every year. here, we describe the development of a novel, inexpensive, and user-friendly diagnostic assay based on a reverse transcription-insulated isothermal pcr (rt-iipcr) method for the detection of all four serotypes of denv in clinical samples. the diagnostic performance of the newly established pan-denv rt-iipc ...	2016	27030492
determinants of arbovirus vertical transmission in mosquitoes.	vertical transmission (vt) and horizontal transmission (ht) of pathogens refer to parental and non-parental chains of host-to-host transmission. combining ht with vt enlarges considerably the range of ecological conditions in which a pathogen can persist, but the factors governing the relative frequency of each transmission mode are poorly understood for pathogens with mixed-mode transmission. elucidating these factors is particularly important for understanding the epidemiology of arthropod-bor ...	2016	27171170
physicians, primary caregivers and topical repellent: all under-utilised resources in stopping dengue virus transmission in affected households.	primary health care facilities frequently manage dengue cases on an ambulatory basis for the duration of the patient's illness. there is a great opportunity for specific messaging, aimed to reduce dengue virus (denv) transmission in and around the home, to be directly targeted toward this high-risk ambulatory patient group, as part of an integrated approach to dengue management. the extent however, to which physicians understand, and can themselves effectively communicate strategies to stop foca ...	2016	27164168
zika virus: new clinical syndromes and its emergence in the western hemisphere.	zika virus (zikv) had remained a relatively obscure flavivirus until a recent series of outbreaks accompanied by unexpectedly severe clinical complications brought this virus into the spotlight as causing an infection of global public health concern. in this review, we discuss the history and epidemiology of zikv infection, recent outbreaks in oceania and the emergence of zikv in the western hemisphere, newly ascribed complications of zikv infection, including guillain-barré syndrome and microce ...	2016	26962217
the global spread of zika virus: is public and media concern justified in regions currently unaffected?	zika virus, an aedes mosquito-borne flavivirus, is fast becoming a worldwide public health concern following its suspected association with over 4000 recent cases of microcephaly among newborn infants in brazil.	2016	27093860
zika virus: the latest newcomer.	since the beginning of this century, humanity has been facing a new emerging, or re-emerging, virus threat almost every year: west nile, influenza a, avian flu, dengue, chikungunya, sars, mers, ebola, and now zika, the latest newcomer. zika virus (zikv), a flavivirus transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, was identified in 1947 in a sentinel monkey in uganda, and later on in humans in nigeria. the virus was mainly confined to the african continent until it was detected in south-east asia the 1980's, t ...	2016	27148186
clinical and epidemiological characterization of laboratory-confirmed autochthonous cases of zika virus disease in mexico.	since 2014, autochthonous circulation of zika virus (zikv) in the americas was detected (easter island, chile). in may 2015, brazil confirmed autochthonous --transmission and in october of that year colombia reported their first cases. now more than 52 countries have reported cases, including mexico. to deal with this contingency in mexico, several surveillance systems, in addition to systems for vector-borne diseases were strengthened with the participation of all health institutions. also, th ...	2016	27158557
computational approach towards exploring potential anti-chikungunya activity of selected flavonoids.	chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes chikungunya infection in humans. despite the widespread distribution of chikv, no antiviral medication or vaccine is available against this virus. therefore, it is crucial to find an effective compound to combat chikv. we aimed to predict the possible interactions between non-structural protein 3 (nsp) of chikv as one of the most important viral elements in chikv intracellular replication and 3 potential flavonoids using a comp ...	2016	27071308
zika virus infections imported from brazil to portugal, 2015.	zika virus is an emerging arbovirus transmitted by aedes sp. mosquitoes like the dengue and chikungunya viruses. zika virus was until recently considered a mild pathogenic mosquito-borne flavivirus with very few reported benign human infections. in 2007, an epidemic in micronesia initiated the turnover in the epidemiological history of zika virus and more recently, the potential association with congenital microcephaly cases in brazil 2015, still under investigation, led the world health organiz ...	2016	27134823
estimating risks of importation and local transmission of zika virus infection.	background. an international spread of zika virus (zikv) infection has attracted global attention. zikv is conveyed by a mosquito vector, aedes species, which also acts as the vector species of dengue and chikungunya viruses. methods. arrival time of zikv importation (i.e., the time at which the first imported case was diagnosed) in each imported country was collected from publicly available data sources. employing a survival analysis model in which the hazard is an inverse function of the effec ...	2016	27069825
identify-isolate-inform: a tool for initial detection and management of zika virus patients in the emergency department.	first isolated in 1947 from a monkey in the zika forest in uganda, and from mosquitoes in the same forest the following year, zika virus has gained international attention due to concerns for infection in pregnant women potentially causing fetal microcephaly. more than one million people have been infected since the appearance of the virus in brazil in 2015. approximately 80% of infected patients are asymptomatic. an association with microcephaly and other birth defects as well as guillain-barre ...	2016	27330653
recombinant dengue 2 virus ns3 helicase protein enhances antibody and t-cell response of purified inactivated vaccine.	dengue virus purified inactivated vaccines (piv) are highly immunogenic and protective over the short term, but may be poor at inducing cell-mediated immune responses and long-term protection. the dengue nonstructural protein 3 (ns3) is considered the main target for t-cell responses during viral infection. the amino (n)-terminal protease and the carboxy (c)-terminal helicase domains of denv-2 ns3 were expressed in e. coli and analyzed for their immune-potentiating capacity. mice were immunized ...	2016	27035715
zika virus: diagnostics for an emerging pandemic threat.	zika virus (zikv) is anaedesmosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged in brazil in 2015 and then rapidly spread throughout the tropical and subtropical americas. based on clinical criteria alone, zikv cannot be reliably distinguished from infections with other pathogens that cause an undifferentiated systemic febrile illness, including infections with two common arboviruses, dengue virus and chikungunya virus. this minireview details the methods that are available to diagnose zikv infection.	2016	26888897
maternal antibody-mediated disease enhancement in type i interferon-deficient mice leads to lethal disease associated with liver damage.	epidemiological studies have reported that most of the severe dengue cases occur upon a secondary heterologous infection. furthermore, babies born to dengue immune mothers are at greater risk of developing severe disease upon primary infection with a heterologous or homologous dengue virus (denv) serotype when maternal antibodies reach sub-neutralizing concentrations. these observations have been explained by the antibody mediated disease enhancement (ade) phenomenon whereby heterologous antibod ...	2016	27007501
arbovirosis and potential transmission blocking vaccines.	infectious diseases caused by arboviruses (viruses transmitted by arthropods) are undergoing unprecedented epidemic activity and geographic expansion. with the recent introduction of west nile virus (1999), chikungunya virus (2013) and zika virus (2015) to the americas, stopping or even preventing the expansion of viruses into susceptible populations is an increasing concern. with a few exceptions, available vaccines protecting against arboviral infections are nonexistent and current disease pre ...	2016	27664127
characterization of drosophila cmp-sialic acid synthetase activity reveals unusual enzymatic properties.	cmp-sialic acid synthetase (csas) is a key enzyme of the sialylation pathway. csas produces the activated sugar donor, cmp-sialic acid, which serves as a substrate for sialyltransferases to modify glycan termini with sialic acid. unlike other animal csass that normally localize in the nucleus, drosophila melanogaster csas (dmcsas) localizes in the cell secretory compartment, predominantly in the golgi, which suggests that this enzyme has properties distinct from those of its vertebrate counterpa ...	2016	27114558
how to predict molecular interactions between species?	organisms constantly interact with other species through physical contact which leads to changes on the molecular level, for example the transcriptome. these changes can be monitored for all genes, with the help of high-throughput experiments such as rna-seq or microarrays. the adaptation of the gene expression to environmental changes within cells is mediated through complex gene regulatory networks. often, our knowledge of these networks is incomplete. network inference predicts gene regulator ...	2016	27065992
depletion of alveolar macrophages does not prevent hantavirus disease pathogenesis in golden syrian hamsters.	andes virus (andv) is associated with a lethal vascular leak syndrome in humans termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the mechanism for the massive vascular leakage associated with hps is poorly understood; however, dysregulation of components of the immune response is often suggested as a possible cause. alveolar macrophages are found in the alveoli of the lung and represent the first line of defense to many airborne pathogens. to determine whether alveolar macrophages play a role in hps ...	2016	27099308