Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| mapping physiological suitability limits for malaria in africa under climate change. | we mapped current and future temperature suitability for malaria transmission in africa using a published model that incorporates nonlinear physiological responses to temperature of the mosquito vector anopheles gambiae and the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. we found that a larger area of africa currently experiences the ideal temperature for transmission than previously supposed. under future climate projections, we predicted a modest increase in the overall area suitable for malaria t ... | 2015 | 26579951 |
| combination of insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying in northern tanzania provides additional reduction in vector population density and malaria transmission rates compared to insecticide treated nets alone: a randomised control trial. | indoor residual spraying (irs) combined with insecticide treated nets (itn) has been implemented together in several sub-saharan countries with inconclusive evidence that the combined intervention provides added benefit. the impact on malaria transmission was evaluated in a cluster randomised trial comparing two rounds of irs with bendiocarb plus universal coverage itns, with itns alone in northern tanzania. from april 2011 to december 2012, eight houses in 20 clusters per study arm were sampled ... | 2015 | 26569492 |
| plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia and malaria among pregnant women at first clinic visit in the mount cameroon area. | pregnant women in malaria endemic areas are at high risk of p. falciparum infection and its complications. this study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for p. falciparum infection and malaria among pregnant women reporting for first antenatal care (anc) clinic visit in the mount cameroon area. | 2015 | 26494140 |
| genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum isolates from baka pygmies and their bantu neighbours in the north of gabon. | there have been many reports on the population genetic structure of plasmodium falciparum from different endemic regions especially sub-saharan africa. however, few studies have been performed on neglected populations, such as the pygmy populations. in this study, the population genetic structure of p. falciparum was investigated in the baka pygmies of gabon and compared to that observed in neighboring villages composed mostly of bantu farmers. | 2015 | 26450086 |
| spatial patterns of plasmodium falciparum clinical incidence, asymptomatic parasite carriage and anopheles density in two villages in mali. | heterogeneity in malaria exposure is most readily recognized in areas with low-transmission patterns. by comparison, little research has been done on spatial patterns in malaria exposure in high-endemic settings. we determined the spatial clustering of clinical malaria incidence, asymptomatic parasite carriage, and anopheles density in two villages in mali exposed to low- and mesoendemic-malaria transmission. in the two study areas that were < 1 km(2) in size, we observed evidence for spatial cl ... | 2015 | 26324728 |
| the interaction between seasonality and pulsed interventions against malaria in their effects on the reproduction number. | the basic reproduction number (r0) is an important quantity summarising the dynamics of an infectious disease, as it quantifies how much effort is needed to control transmission. the relative change in r0 due to an intervention is referred to as the effect size. however malaria and other diseases are often highly seasonal and some interventions have time-varying effects, meaning that simple reproduction number formulae cannot be used. methods have recently been developed for calculating r0 for d ... | 2015 | 25590612 |
| antibiotics in ingested human blood affect the mosquito microbiota and capacity to transmit malaria. | malaria reduction is most efficiently achieved by vector control whereby human populations at high risk of contracting and transmitting the disease are protected from mosquito bites. here, we identify the presence of antibiotics in the blood of malaria-infected people as a new risk of increasing disease transmission. we show that antibiotics in ingested blood enhance the susceptibility of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to malaria infection by disturbing their gut microbiota. this effect is confirm ... | 2015 | 25562286 |
| antimalarial 4(1h)-pyridones bind to the qi site of cytochrome bc1. | cytochrome bc1 is a proven drug target in the prevention and treatment of malaria. the rise in drug-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum, the organism responsible for malaria, has generated a global effort in designing new classes of drugs. much of the design/redesign work on overcoming this resistance has been focused on compounds that are presumed to bind the q(o) site (one of two potential binding sites within cytochrome bc1 using the known crystal structure of this large membrane-bound ... | 2015 | 25564664 |
| disparities of plasmodium falciparum infection, malaria-related morbidity and access to malaria prevention and treatment among school-aged children: a national cross-sectional survey in côte d'ivoire. | there is limited knowledge on the malaria burden of school-aged children in côte d'ivoire. the aim of this study was to assess plasmodium falciparum infection, malaria-related morbidity, use of preventive measures and treatment against malaria, and physical access to health structures among school-aged children across côte d'ivoire. | 2015 | 25559587 |
| entomological surveillance following a long-lasting insecticidal net universal coverage campaign in midwestern uganda. | a universal coverage campaign (ucc) with long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) was implemented in four districts in midwestern uganda in 2009-2010. entomological surveys were carried out to monitor changes in vector density, behaviour and malaria transmission following this intervention. | 2015 | 26382583 |
| on-going malaria transmission in the gambia despite high coverage of control interventions: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. | as indicators of burden of malaria have substantially decreased in the gambia, reaching a pre-elimination status may be attainable. achieving this goal requires in-depth understanding of the current burden of plasmodium falciparum infection. | 2015 | 26268225 |
| plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 block 2 gene polymorphism in field isolates along the slope of mount cameroon: a cross - sectional study. | malaria remains a major global health burden despite the intensification of control efforts, due partly to the lack of an effective vaccine. information on genetic diversity in natural parasite populations constitutes a major impediment to vaccine development efforts and is limited in some endemic settings. the present study characterized diversity by investigating msp1 block 2 polymorphisms and the relationship between the allele families with ethnodemographic indices and clinical phenotype. | 2015 | 26242307 |
| age-shifting in malaria incidence as a result of induced immunological deficit: a simulation study. | effective population-level interventions against plasmodium falciparum malaria lead to age-shifts, delayed morbidity or rebounds in morbidity and mortality whenever they are deployed in ways that do not permanently interrupt transmission. when long-term intervention programmes target specific age-groups of human hosts, the age-specific morbidity rates ultimately adjust to new steady-states, but it is very difficult to study these rates and the temporal dynamics leading up to them empirically bec ... | 2015 | 26206255 |
| changing malaria prevalence on the kenyan coast since 1974: climate, drugs and vector control. | progress toward reducing the malaria burden in africa has been measured, or modeled, using datasets with relatively short time-windows. these restricted temporal analyses may miss the wider context of longer-term cycles of malaria risk and hence may lead to incorrect inferences regarding the impact of intervention. | 2015 | 26107772 |
| malaria, anaemia and nutritional status among schoolchildren in relation to ecosystems, livelihoods and health systems in kilosa district in central tanzania. | malaria prevalence and transmission intensity in tanzania is heterogeneous with spatial and temporal variations between geographical areas and ecological systems. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria, anaemia and nutritional status in relation to livelihoods, ecosystem and health systems in kilosa district in central tanzania. | 2015 | 26082157 |
| the anopheles-midgut apn1 structure reveals a new malaria transmission-blocking vaccine epitope. | mosquito-based malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (mtbvs) target midgut-surface antigens of the plasmodium parasite's obligate vector, the anopheles mosquito. the alanyl aminopeptidase n (anapn1) is the leading mtbv immunogen; however, anapn1's role in plasmodium infection of the mosquito and how anti-anapn1 antibodies functionally block parasite transmission have remained elusive. here we present the 2.65-å crystal structure of anapn1 and the immunoreactivity and transmission-blocking profi ... | 2015 | 26075520 |
| efficacy of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine + artesunate, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine + amodiaquine, and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine alone in uncomplicated falciparum malaria in mali. | plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin has been reported in south-east asia. long half-life drugs are increasingly being used for malaria prevention. the potential spread of parasite resistance to these regimens is real and makes regular efficacy surveillance a priority. | 2015 | 25889633 |
| airport malaria: report of four cases in tunisia. | four cases of airport malaria were notified for the first time in tunisia during the summer of 2013. all patients were neighbours living within 2 km of tunis international airport. they had no history of travel to malarious countries, of blood transfusion or of intravenous drug use. although malaria transmission had ceased in tunisia since 1980, autochthonous infection by local anopheles mosquitoes was initially considered. however, this diagnostic hypothesis was ruled out due to negative entomo ... | 2015 | 25626591 |
| hemoglobin c trait provides protection from clinical falciparum malaria in malian children. | hemoglobin c trait, like hemoglobin s trait, protects against severe malaria in children, but it is unclear whether hemoglobin c trait also protects against uncomplicated malaria. we hypothesized that malian children with hemoglobin c trait would have a lower risk of clinical malaria than children with hemoglobin aa. | 2015 | 26019283 |
| blood-stage parasitaemia and age determine plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax gametocytaemia in papua new guinea. | a better understanding of human-to-mosquito transmission is crucial to control malaria. in order to assess factors associated with gametocyte carriage, 2083 samples were collected in a cross-sectional survey in papua new guinea. plasmodium species were detected by light microscopy and qpcr and gametocytes by detection of pfs25 and pvs25 mrna transcripts by reverse-transcriptase pcr (qrt-pcr). the parasite prevalence by pcr was 18.5% for plasmodium falciparum and 13.0% for p. vivax. 52.5% of all ... | 2015 | 25996916 |
| anopheles midgut frep1 mediates plasmodium invasion. | malaria transmission depends on sexual stage plasmodium parasites successfully invading anopheline mosquito midguts following a blood meal. however, the molecular mechanisms of plasmodium invasion of mosquito midguts have not been fully elucidated. previously, we showed that genetic polymorphisms in the fibrinogen-related protein 1 (frep1) gene are significantly associated with plasmodium falciparum infection in anopheles gambiae, and frep1 is important for plasmodium berghei infection of mosqui ... | 2015 | 25991725 |
| plasmodium vivax transmission in africa. | malaria in sub-saharan africa has historically been almost exclusively attributed to plasmodium falciparum (pf). current diagnostic and surveillance systems in much of sub-saharan africa are not designed to identify or report non-pf human malaria infections accurately, resulting in a dearth of routine epidemiological data about their significance. the high prevalence of duffy negativity provided a rationale for excluding the possibility of plasmodium vivax (pv) transmission. however, review of v ... | 2015 | 26587988 |
| inflammatory cytokine and humoral responses to plasmodium falciparum glycosylphosphatidylinositols correlates with malaria immunity and pathogenesis. | pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by glycosylphosphatidylinositols (gpis) of plasmodium falciparum contribute to malaria pathogenesis and hence, the naturally acquired anti-gpi antibody thought to provide protection against severe malaria (sm) by neutralizing the stimulatory activity of gpis. in previous studies, the anti-gpi antibody levels increased with age in parallel with the development of acquired immunity, and high levels of anti-gpi antibodies were associated with mild malaria (mm) cas ... | 2015 | 27042299 |
| incidence of severe malaria syndromes and status of immune responses among khat chewer malaria patients in ethiopia. | although more emphasis has been given to the genetic and environmental factors that determine host vulnerability to malaria, other factors that might have a crucial role in burdening the disease have not been evaluated yet. therefore, this study was designed to assess the effect of khat chewing on the incidence of severe malaria syndromes and immune responses during malaria infection in an area where the two problems co-exist. clinical, physical, demographic, hematological, biochemical and immun ... | 2015 | 26173100 |
| balancing drug resistance and growth rates via compensatory mutations in the plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter. | the widespread use of chloroquine to treat plasmodium falciparum infections has resulted in the selection and dissemination of variant haplotypes of the primary resistance determinant pfcrt. these haplotypes have encountered drug pressure and within-host competition with wild-type drug-sensitive parasites. to examine these selective forces in vitro, we genetically engineered p. falciparum to express geographically diverse pfcrt haplotypes. variant alleles from the philippines (ph1 and ph2, which ... | 2015 | 25898991 |
| genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum isolates based on msp-1 and msp-2 genes from kolla-shele area, arbaminch zuria district, southwest ethiopia. | the genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum has been extensively studied in various countries. however, limited data are available from ethiopia. this study was conducted to evaluate the extent of genetic diversity of p. falciparum in kolla-shele, in the southwest of ethiopia. | 2015 | 25889847 |
| comparison of a pfhrp2-based rapid diagnostic test and pcr for malaria in a low prevalence setting in rural southern zambia: implications for elimination. | rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) detecting histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) antigen are used to identify individuals with plasmodium falciparum infection even in low transmission settings seeking to achieve elimination. however, these rdts lack sensitivity to detect low-density infections, produce false negatives for p. falciparum strains lacking pfhrp2 gene and do not detect species other than p. falciparum. | 2015 | 25888818 |
| high prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infections: a cross-sectional study in rural areas in six departments in haiti. | public health measures are poised for transition from malaria control to malaria elimination on the island of hispaniola. assessment of the reservoir of asymptomatic infections from which acute malaria cases may derive is critical to plan and evaluate elimination efforts. current field technology is ill suited for detecting sub-microscopic infections, thus highly sensitive survey methods capable of detecting virtually all infections are needed. in this study the prevalence of infection with plas ... | 2015 | 26689195 |
| primaquine or other 8-aminoquinoline for reducing plasmodium falciparum transmission. | mosquitoes become infected with plasmodium when they ingest gametocyte-stage parasites from an infected person's blood. plasmodium falciparum gametocytes are sensitive to 8-aminoquinolines (8aq), and consequently these drugs could prevent parasite transmission from infected people to mosquitoes and reduce the incidence of malaria. however, when used in this way, these drugs will not directly benefit the individual.in 2010, the world health organization (who) recommended a single dose of primaqui ... | 2015 | 25693791 |
| targeting lysine deacetylases (kdacs) in parasites. | due to an increasing problem of drug resistance among almost all parasites species ranging from protists to worms, there is an urgent need to explore new drug targets and their inhibitors to provide new and effective parasitic therapeutics. in this regard, there is growing interest in exploring known drug leads of human epigenetic enzymes as potential starting points to develop novel treatments for parasitic diseases. this approach of repurposing (starting with validated targets and inhibitors) ... | 2015 | 26402733 |
| quinoxaline based bio-active mixed ligand transition metal complexes: synthesis, characterization, electrochemical, antimicrobial, dna binding, cleavage, antioxidant and molecular docking studies. | co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) mixed ligand complexes have been synthesized from n(2), n(3)-bis(4-nitrophenyl)quinoxaline-2,3-diamine and 1,10-phenanthroline. the compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, ir, uv-vis., (1)h nmr, mass and esr spectra. octahedral geometry has been assigned for co(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) complexes and distorted octahedral geometry for cu(ii) complex. electrochemical behavior of the synthesized complexes was stu ... | 2015 | 26232747 |
| synthesis of functionalized 3-, 5-, 6- and 8-aminoquinolines via intermediate (3-pyrrolin-1-yl)- and (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolines and evaluation of their antiplasmodial and antifungal activity. | (3-pyrrolin-1-yl)- and (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolines were prepared via cyclization of diallylaminoquinolines and 4-chloro-n-quinolinylbutanamides, respectively, as novel synthetic intermediates en route to n-functionalized 3-, 5-, 6- and 8-aminoquinolines with potential biological activity. (3-pyrrolin-1-yl)quinolines were subjected to bromination reactions, and the reactivity of (2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolines toward lithium aluminum hydride and methyllithium was assessed, providing an entr ... | 2015 | 25544689 |
| epidemiology of coinfection with soil transmitted helminths and plasmodium falciparum among school children in bumula district in western kenya. | many school children living in africa are infected with plasmodia and helminth species and are consequently at risk of coinfection. however, the epidemiology of such coinfection and the implications of coinfection for children's health remain poorly understood. this study describes the epidemiology of ascaris lumbricoides-plasmodium and hookworm-plasmodium coinfection among school children living in western kenya and investigates the associated risk factors. | 2015 | 26063324 |
| genome mining offers a new starting point for parasitology research. | parasites including helminthes, protozoa, and medical arthropod vectors are a major cause of global infectious diseases, affecting one-sixth of the world's population, which are responsible for enormous levels of morbidity and mortality important and remain impediments to economic development especially in tropical countries. prevalent drug resistance, lack of highly effective and practical vaccines, as well as specific and sensitive diagnostic markers are proving to be challenging problems in p ... | 2015 | 25563615 |
| the apicomplexan parasite babesia divergens internalizes band 3, glycophorin a and spectrin during invasion of human red blood cells. | plasmodium falciparum invades human red blood cells (rbc), while babesia divergens infects bovine and, occasionally, human rbc. the mammalian rbc is normally unable to endocytose or phagocytose and the events leading to invasion are incompletely understood. initially, both parasites are surrounded by the rbc plasma membrane-derived parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (pvm) that is formed during invasion. in p. falciparum-infected rbc, the pvm persists at least until parasite replication is complet ... | 2015 | 25628009 |
| phenalenone derivatives and the unusual tricyclic sesterterpene acid from the marine fungus lophiostoma bipolare bcc25910. | ten compounds including nine phenalenone derivatives (five bipolarides and four bipolarols) and a sesterterpene acid (bipolarenic acid), were isolated from a marine isolated of the fungus lophiostoma bipolare (bcc25910), along with the known compounds, (-)-scleroderolide, (-)-sclerodin, and oxasetin. chemical structures were elucidated based on nmr spectroscopic data and hresims analysis. in addition, the absolute configurations of the phenalenones were resolved using specific rotations and chem ... | 2015 | 26582262 |
| bacterial, fungal and protozoan carbonic anhydrases as drug targets. | the carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1), a group of ubiquitously expressed metalloenzymes, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, as well as in the growth and virulence of pathogens belonging to bacteria, fungi and protozoa. | 2015 | 26235676 |
| dead/dexh-box rna helicases in selected human parasites. | dead/dexh-box rna helicases catalyze the folding and remodeling of rna molecules in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as in many viruses. they are characterized by the presence of the helicase domain with conserved motifs that are essential for atp binding and hydrolysis, rna interaction, and unwinding activities. large families of dead/dexh-box proteins have been described in different organisms, and their role in all molecular processes involving rna, from transcriptional regulation to ... | 2015 | 26537038 |
| anti-infective assessment of senecio smithioides (asteraceae) and isolation of 9-oxoeuryopsin, a furanoeremophilane-type sesquiterpene with antiplasmodial activity. | the search for anti-infective activity in the antipyretic plant senecio smithioides was conducted. petroleum ether (pe), dichloromethane (ch2cl2), ethyl acetate (etoac) and hydroethanolic (96% etoh) extracts, and compounds 9-oxoeuryopsin (1), epoxydecompostin (2) and senecionine (3) were obtained from the aerial parts. all extracts and 1 were tested against chloroquine-resistant strain of plasmodium falciparum (ref. chloroquine), trypanosoma cruzi (ref. nifurtimox), leishmania braziliensis, leis ... | 2015 | 26606687 |
| from the blood to the brain: avenues of eukaryotic pathogen dissemination to the central nervous system. | infection of the central nervous system (cns) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and treatments available to combat the highly debilitating symptoms of cns infection are limited. the mechanisms by which pathogens in the circulation overcome host immunity and breach the blood-brain barrier are active areas of investigation. in this review, we discuss recent work that has significantly advanced our understanding of the avenues of pathogen dissemination to the cns for four eukaryoti ... | 2015 | 26048316 |
| new bioactive lupane triterpene coumaroyl esters isolated from buxus cochinchinensis. | five new lupane triterpene coumaroyl esters (1-5), together with betulin (6) and a known buxus alkaloid, n-3-benzoyldihydrocyclomicrophylline f (7), were isolated from a chcl3-soluble partition of a methanol extract of buxus cochinchinensis pierre ex gagnep. (buxaceae) collected in vietnam. isolation work was monitored using human colon cancer cells (ht-29). the structures of the new compounds (1-5) were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. in addition to their cytotoxic ... | 2015 | 26132853 |
| homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation of n-myristoyltransferase from plasmodium falciparum: an insight into novel antimalarial drug design. | malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus plasmodium. it leads to approximately 1 million deaths per annum worldwide, with an increase number of 6.27 million deaths in 2012 alone. validation of new antimalarial targets is very important in the context of the rise in resistance to current drugs. one such putative target is the enzyme n-myristoyltransferase (nmt), which catalyzes the attachment of the fatty acid myristate to protein substrates (n-myristoylation) for activat ... | 2015 | 25663521 |
| new glycosides and trypanocidal metabolites from vangueria edulis. | a new iridoid glucoside, 10-methoxy apodanthoside (1), and a new monoterpene glycoside, (3s,6s)-cis linalool-3,7-oxide o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1"-->5')-β-d- xylofuranoside (2), were isolated from v. edulis (rubiaceae), along with eighteen known compounds (3-20), including monoterpenes, iridoid glycosides, and a lignin, which were encountered for the first time in the genus vangueria,. the structural elucidation of the isolates was based on the analysis of spectroscopic (1d and 2d nmr) and hr-esi-m ... | 2015 | 26749819 |
| poly(amidoamine) dendrimers show carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity against α-, β-, γ- and η-class enzymes. | four generations of poly(amidoamine) (pamam) dendrimers incorporating benzenesulfonamide moieties were investigated as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) belonging to the α-, β-, γ- and η-classes which are present in pathogenic bacteria, fungi or protozoa. the following bacterial, fungal and protozoan organisms were included in the study: vibrio cholerae, trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania donovani chagasi, porphyromonas gingivalis, cryptococcus neoformans, candida glabrata, and plas ... | 2015 | 26476668 |
| sulfated phenolic compounds from limonium caspium: isolation, structural elucidation, and biological evaluation. | three new compounds, (2s,3s)-5-methyldihydromyricetin (1), (2s,3s)-5-methyldihydromyricetin-3'-o-sulfate (2) and β-d-glucopyranoside, 3-methyl, but-3-en-1-yl 4-o-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl (3) have been isolated from the limonium caspium, together with dihydromyricetin (4), dihydromyricetin-3'-o-sulfate (5), myricetin-3'-o-sulfate (6), 5-methylmyricetin (7), myricetin (8), myricetin-3-o-β-glucoside (9), as well as phloridzin (10), and tyramine (11). compounds 5 and 6 were isolated for the first time as ... | 2015 | 26025854 |
| in vitro antiparasitic activity of microbial pigments and their combination with phytosynthesized metal nanoparticles. | bioactive pigments were extracted and purified from cultures of serratia marcescens and chromobacterium violaceum. spectroscopic, ftir, and hplc analyses showed prodigiosin and violacein as the principle molecules in the extract. bioactive microbial pigments prodigiosin, violacein and their combinations with phytosynthesized silver and gold nanoparticles were studied for in vitro growth inhibition of plasmodium falciparum and trypanosoma brucei gambiense. prodigiosin was found to be more effecti ... | 2015 | 25986963 |
| parasites and fungi as risk factors for human and animal health. | recent literature data suggests that parasitic and fungal diseases, which pose a threat to both human and animal health, remain a clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic problem. attention is increasingly paid to the role played by natural microbiota in maintaining homeostasis in humans. a particular emphasis is placed on the possibility of manipulating the human microbiota (permanent, transient, pathogenic) and macrobiota (e.g., trichuris suis) to support the treatment of selected diseases such as ... | 2015 | 26878617 |
| development of a single-replicon minibyv vector for co-expression of heterologous proteins. | in planta production of recombinant proteins, including vaccine antigens and monoclonal antibodies, continues gaining acceptance. with the broadening range of target proteins, the need for vectors with higher performance is increasing. here, we have developed a single-replicon vector based on beet yellows virus (byv) that enables co-delivery of two target genes into the same host cell, resulting in transient expression of each target. this byv vector maintained genetic stability during systemic ... | 2015 | 25280556 |
| a small-molecule cell-based screen led to the identification of biphenylimidazoazines with highly potent and broad-spectrum anti-apicomplexan activity. | an in vitro screening of the anti-apicomplexan activity of 51 compounds, stemming from our chemical library and from chemical synthesis, was performed. as a study model, we used toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii), expressing β-galactosidase for the colorimetric assessment of drug activity on parasites cultivated in vitro. this approach allowed the validation of a new series of molecules with a biphenylimidazoazine scaffold as inhibitors of t. gondii growth in vitro. hence, 8 molecules significantly i ... | 2015 | 25462254 |
| isolation and proteomic analysis of rhoptry-enriched fractions from cryptosporidium parvum. | rhoptries are unique secretory/excretory organelles that are found exclusively in the apicomplexa, and their contents are discharged at the time of invasion and are critical in the establishment of productive infection. several rhoptry proteins have been identified in toxoplasma gondii, plasmodium falciparum and neospora caninum and have been linked not only with the parasites' adhesion and invasion processes but also with their intracellular pathways. to date, only one cryptosporidium parvum rh ... | 2015 | 26587492 |
| biochemical characterization of fikk8--a unique protein kinase from the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum and other apicomplexans. | fikks are protein kinases with distinctive sequence motifs found exclusively in apicomplexa. here, we report on the biochemical characterization of plasmodium falciparum fikk8 (pffikk8) and its cryptosporidium parvum orthologue (cpfikk) - the only member of the family predicted to be cytosolic and conserved amongst non-plasmodium parasites. recombinant protein samples of both were catalytically active. we characterized their phosphorylation ability using an enzymatic assay and substrate specific ... | 2015 | 26112892 |
| molecular testing for plasmodium falciparum by use of serum or plasma and comparison with microscopy and rapid diagnostic testing in febrile nigerian patients. | plasmodium nucleic acids have been detected in serum and plasma, but there is little published data describing the diagnostic performance of malaria nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) using these specimen types. previously, our group described a multiplex naat for the detection of dengue virus, leptospira, and plasmodium species with a callout for p. falciparum (the dlm assay) that demonstrated sensitive detection of p. falciparum from plasma samples during initial evaluation. in this stud ... | 2015 | 26354810 |
| differential diagnosis of illness in travelers arriving from sierra leone, liberia, or guinea: a cross-sectional study from the geosentinel surveillance network. | the largest-ever outbreak of ebola virus disease (evd), ongoing in west africa since late 2013, has led to export of cases to europe and north america. clinicians encountering ill travelers arriving from countries with widespread ebola virus transmission must be aware of alternate diagnoses associated with fever and other nonspecific symptoms. | 2015 | 25961811 |
| evaluation of ebola virus inactivation procedures for plasmodium falciparum malaria diagnostics. | plasmodium falciparum malaria is highly endemic in the three most affected countries in the current epidemic of ebola virus disease (evd) in west africa. as evd and malaria are clinically indistinguishable, both remain part of the differential diagnosis of ill travelers from returning from areas of evd transmission. we compared the performances of a rapid diagnostic test (binaxnow) and real-time pcr with p. falciparum-positive specimens before and after heat and triton x-100 inactivation, and we ... | 2015 | 25631810 |
| deconvoluting heme biosynthesis to target blood-stage malaria parasites. | heme metabolism is central to blood-stage infection by the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. parasites retain a heme biosynthesis pathway but do not require its activity during infection of heme-rich erythrocytes, where they can scavenge host heme to meet metabolic needs. nevertheless, heme biosynthesis in parasite-infected erythrocytes can be potently stimulated by exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ala), resulting in accumulation of the phototoxic intermediate protoporphyrin ix (ppix). her ... | 2015 | 26173178 |
| resistance to the antimicrobial agent fosmidomycin and an fr900098 prodrug through mutations in the deoxyxylulose phosphate reductoisomerase gene (dxr). | there is a pressing need for new antimicrobial therapies to combat globally important drug-resistant human pathogens, including plasmodium falciparum malarial parasites, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and gram-negative bacteria, including escherichia coli. these organisms all possess the essential methylerythritol phosphate (mep) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis, which is not found in humans. the first dedicated enzyme of the mep pathway, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (dxr), is ... | 2015 | 26124156 |
| predicting and exploring network components involved in pathogenesis in the malaria parasite via novel subnetwork alignments. | malaria is a major health threat, affecting over 40% of the world's population. the latest report released by the world health organization estimated about 207 million cases of malaria infection, and about 627,000 deaths in 2012 alone. during the past decade, new therapeutic targets have been identified and are at various stages of characterization, thanks to the emerging omics-based technologies. however, the mechanism of malaria pathogenesis remains largely unknown. in this paper, we employ a ... | 2015 | 26100579 |
| isolation, characterization, interaction of a thiazolekinase (plasmodium falciparum) with silver nanoparticles. | malaria, a mosquito-borne infectious disease, is caused by the plasmodium genus, and remains one of the greatest health challenges worldwide. the malarial parasite possess a biosynthetic pathway for the b-group vitamin incorporating the thiamine metabolizing enzymes; humans on the other hand cannot synthesize the vitamin and require it from within their diet. the vitamin b1 biosynthetic enzyme 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthioazolekinase [ec. 2.7.1.50] from plasmodium (pfthzk) is particularly attr ... | 2015 | 26049116 |
| use of bacterial surrogates as a tool to explore antimalarial drug interaction: synergism between inhibitors of malarial dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase. | interaction between antimalarial drugs is important in determining the outcome of chemotherapy using drug combinations. inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) such as pyrimethamine and of dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) such as sulfa drugs are known to have synergistic interactions. however, studies of the synergism are complicated by the fact that the malaria parasite can also salvage exogenous folates, and the salvage may also be affected by the drugs. it is desirable to have a convenien ... | 2015 | 25997881 |
| plasmodium falciparum plasmepsin v (pfpmv): insights into recombinant expression, substrate specificity and active site structure. | plasmepsin v from plasmodium falciparum (pfpmv) is responsible for the cleavage of the plasmodium export element (pexel) motif at the n-terminus of several hundreds of the exported proteins. pfpmv is necessary for parasite viability and has become a novel promising target for antimalarial therapy. the first recombinant expression of soluble, active pfpmv as thioredoxin fusion proteins is reported herein. two truncated forms of pfpmv were fused to thioredoxin (trx) to generate trx-pfpmvp37 and tr ... | 2015 | 25986559 |
| novel monoclonal antibodies against plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2: development and application in rapid diagnostic tests of malaria in hyperendemic regions of china and myanmar. | malaria presents a considerable threat to public health. histidine-rich protein 2 (hrp 2) is the major protein released into human blood upon infection by plasmodium falciparum. in this study, we aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of hrp 2 exon ii and the efficacy of novel monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against hrp 2 for point-of-care test (poct). | 2015 | 25962879 |
| protonography, a powerful tool for analyzing the activity and the oligomeric state of the γ-carbonic anhydrase identified in the genome of porphyromonas gingivalis. | carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes, mostly containing zinc within their active site, which catalyze a simple but physiologically relevant reaction in all life kingdoms, carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons. six ca classes (α, β, γ, δ, ζ and η) and multiple ca isoforms evolved in organisms all over the phylogenetic tree, for facing the need to efficiently convert high amounts of co2 to its hydration products. these enzymes are thus involved in many physiologic ... | 2015 | 25910585 |
| the plasmodium vivax rhoptry neck protein 5 is expressed in the apical pole of plasmodium vivax vcg-1 strain schizonts and binds to human reticulocytes. | different proteins derived from the membrane or the apical organelles become involved in malarial parasite invasion of host cells. among these, the rhoptry neck proteins (rons) interact with a protein component of the micronemes to enable the formation of a strong bond which is crucial for the parasite's successful invasion. the present study was aimed at identifying and characterizing the ron5 protein in plasmodium vivax and evaluating its ability to bind to reticulocytes. | 2015 | 25888962 |
| detection of human malaria using recombinant plasmodium knowlesi merozoire surface protein-1 (msp-1₁₉) expressed in escherichia coli. | malaria remains one of the world's most important infectious diseases and is responsible for enormous mortality and morbidity. human infection with plasmodium knowlesi is widely distributed in southeast asia. merozoite surface protein-1₁₉ (msp-1₁₉), which plays an important role in protective immunity against asexual blood stage malaria parasites, appears as a leading immunogenic antigen of plasmodium sp. we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of recombinant p. knowlesi msp-1₁₉ (rmsp-1₁₉) ... | 2015 | 25812552 |
| synthesis and bioactivity of β-substituted fosmidomycin analogues targeting 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase. | blocking the 2-c-methyl-d-erythrithol-4-phosphate (mep) pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis offers interesting prospects for inhibiting plasmodium or mycobacterium spp. growth. fosmidomycin (1) and its homologue fr900098 (2) potently inhibit 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (dxr), a key enzyme in this pathway. here we introduced aryl or aralkyl substituents at the β-position of the hydroxamate analogue of 2. while direct addition of a β-aryl moiety resulted in poor inhibition, lon ... | 2015 | 25781377 |
| salmonella flagellin is a potent carrier-adjuvant for peptide conjugate to induce peptide-specific antibody response in mice. | as an agonist to innate immune system, salmonella flagellin has been proven to be a potent adjuvant either admixed or genetically fused with antigens and applied to a variety of vaccines against infectious diseases. however, relatively little is known about its carrier-adjuvant effect for conjugate vaccine. conjugation is an effective approach often used to make haptens such as some peptides and polysaccharides immunogenic and in some cases used to make poor immunogens more immunogenic. in the c ... | 2015 | 25765964 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the plasmodium falciparum apicoplast dna polymerase. | infection by the parasite plasmodium falciparum is the leading cause of malaria in humans. the parasite has a unique and essential plastid-like organelle called the apicoplast. the apicoplast contains a genome that undergoes replication and repair through the action of a replicative polymerase (appol). appol has no direct orthologs in mammalian polymerases and is therefore an attractive antimalarial drug target. no structural information exists for appol, and the klenow fragment of escherichia c ... | 2015 | 25760711 |
| determination of the active stereoisomer of the mep pathway-targeting antimalarial agent mmv008138, and initial structure-activity studies. | compounds that target isoprenoid biosynthesis in plasmodium falciparum could be a welcome addition to malaria chemotherapy, since the methylerythritol phosphate (mep) pathway used by the parasite is not present in humans. we previously reported that mmv008138 targets the apicoplast of p. falciparum and that its target in the mep pathway differs from that of fosmidomycin. in this letter, we determine that the active stereoisomer of mmv008138 is 4a, which is (1r,3s)-configured. 2',4'-disubstitutio ... | 2015 | 25754494 |
| binding of subdomains 1/2 of pfemp1-dbl1α to heparan sulfate or heparin mediates plasmodium falciparum rosetting. | the capacity of plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes (prbc) to adhere to the endothelial lining in the microvasculature and to red blood cells (rbc) is associated with the virulence of the parasite, the pathogenesis and development of severe malaria. rosetting, the binding of uninfected rbc to prbc, is frequently observed in individuals with severe malaria and is mediated by the n-terminal nts-dbl1α domain of the adhesin plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (pfemp1) exp ... | 2015 | 25742651 |
| protonography, a technique applicable for the analysis of η-carbonic anhydrase activity. | protonography, a sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) technique derived from zymography was recently reported by our group to be an effective, cheap and reproducible technique for evidencing catalytically active α-carbonic anhydrase (ca, ec 4.2.1.1) isoforms, such as the bovine red blood cell isoform bca or the bacterial enzyme from vibrio cholerae, vchca. ca activity was also observed on the protonogram of a cellular extract of escherichia coli, evidencing the ... | 2015 | 25676328 |
| novel monoclonal antibody against truncated c terminal region of histidine rich protein2 (pfhrp2) and its utility for the specific diagnosis of malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum. | an accurate diagnosis of malarial infection is an important element in combating this deadly disease. malaria diagnostic test including, microscopy and other molecular tests are highly sensitive but too complex for field conditions. rapid detection tests for p. falciparum infection using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against highly polymorphic pfhrp2 (histidine rich protein2) are still most preferred test in field conditions, but with limitations such as specificity, and sensitivity leading to fa ... | 2015 | 25592728 |
| intrinsically disordered c-terminal tails of e. coli single-stranded dna binding protein regulate cooperative binding to single-stranded dna. | the homotetrameric escherichia coli single-stranded dna binding protein (ssb) plays a central role in dna replication, repair and recombination. e. coli ssb can bind to long single-stranded dna (ssdna) in multiple binding modes using all four subunits [(ssb)65 mode] or only two subunits [(ssb)35 binding mode], with the binding mode preference regulated by salt concentration and ssb binding density. these binding modes display very different ssdna binding properties with the (ssb)35 mode displayi ... | 2015 | 25562210 |
| improving the accuracy of recombinant protein production through integration of bioinformatics, statistical and mass spectrometry methodologies. | heterologous protein production is a key technology for biotechnological, health sciences and many other research fields. various approaches have been developed for its optimization, but the research emphasis has been on optimization of protein yield rather than protein quality. in this study, we have established a workflow for synthetic gene optimization for heterologous protein expression that combines bioinformatics, laboratory experiments, mass spectrometry and statistical analysis. two gene ... | 2015 | 25532829 |
| immunization of mice with plasmodium tctp delays establishment of plasmodium infection. | translationally controlled tumour protein (tctp) may play an important role in the establishment or maintenance of parasitemia in a malarial infection. in this study, the potential of tctp as a malaria vaccine was investigated in two trials. in the initial vaccine trial, plasmodium falciparum tctp (pftctp) was expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae and used to immunize balb/c mice. following challenge with plasmodium yoelii ym, parasitemia was significantly reduced during the early stages of infe ... | 2015 | 25376500 |
| an in silico structural insights into plasmodium lytb protein and its inhibition. | in most of the pathogenic organisms including plasmodium falciparum, isoprenoids are synthesized via mep (methylerythritol 4-phosphate) pathway. lytb is the last enzyme of this pathway which catalyzes the conversion of (e)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate (hmbpp) into the two isoprenoid precursors: isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp). since the mep pathway is not used by humans, it represents an attractive target for the development of new anti-malarial ... | 2015 | 25011618 |
| chemokine levels and parasite- and allergen-specific antibody responses in children and adults with severe or uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria. | chemokine and antibody response profiles were investigated in children and adults with severe or uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria; the aim was to reveal which profiles are associated with severe disease, as often seen in nonimmune children, or with mild and uncomplicated disease, as seen in semi-immune adults. blood samples were obtained from children under 5 years of age as well as adults with falciparum malaria. classification of malaria was performed according to parasite densities ... | 2015 | 25883801 |
| identification of an immunogenic mimic of a conserved epitope on the plasmodium falciparum blood stage antigen ama1 using virus-like particle (vlp) peptide display. | we have developed a peptide display platform based on vlps of the rna bacteriophage ms2 that combines the high immunogenicity of vlp display with affinity selection capabilities. random peptides can be displayed on the vlp surface by genetically inserting sequences into a surface-exposed loop of the viral coat protein. vlp-displayed peptides can then be isolated by selection using antibodies, and the vlp selectants can then be used directly as immunogens. here, we investigated the ability of thi ... | 2015 | 26147502 |
| head-to-head comparison of soluble vs. qβ vlp circumsporozoite protein vaccines reveals selective enhancement of nanp repeat responses. | circumsporozoite protein (csp) of plasmodium falciparum is a promising malaria vaccine target. rts,s, the most advanced malaria vaccine candidate consists of the central nanp repeat and carboxy-terminal region of csp displayed on a hepatitis b virus-like particle (vlp). to build upon the success of rts,s, we produced a near full-length plasmodium falciparum csp that also includes the conserved amino-terminal region of csp. we recently showed that this soluble csp, combined with a synthetic toll- ... | 2015 | 26571021 |
| synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of a small library of hybrid compounds based on ugi isocyanide multicomponent reactions with a marine natural product scaffold. | a mixture-based combinatorial library of five ugi adducts (4-8) incorporating known antitubercular and antimalarial pharmacophores was successfully synthesized, starting from the naturally occurring diisocyanide 3, via parallel ugi four-center three-component reactions (u-4c-3cr). the novel α-acylamino amides obtained were evaluated for their antiinfective potential against laboratory strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv and chloroquine-susceptible 3d7 plasmodium falciparum. interestingly ... | 2015 | 26421992 |
| phagosomal acidification prevents macrophage inflammatory cytokine production to malaria, and dendritic cells are the major source at the early stages of infection: implication for malaria protective immunity development. | inflammatory cytokines produced at the early stages of malaria infection contribute to shaping protective immunity and pathophysiology. to gain mechanistic insight into these processes, it is important to understand the cellular origin of cytokines because both cytokine input and cytokine-producing cells play key roles. here, we determined cytokine responses by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (dcs) to purified plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium berghei anka, and by spleen macrophag ... | 2015 | 26240140 |
| co-endemicity of plasmodium falciparum and intestinal helminths infection in school age children in rural communities of kwara state nigeria. | malaria and intestinal helminths co-infection are major public health problems particularly among school age children in nigeria. however the magnitude and possible interactions of these infections remain poorly understood. this study determined the prevalence, impact and possible interaction of plasmodium falciparum and intestinal helminths co-infection among school children in rural communities of kwara state, nigeria. | 2015 | 26222743 |
| new efficient artemisinin derived agents against human leukemia cells, human cytomegalovirus and plasmodium falciparum: 2nd generation 1,2,4-trioxane-ferrocene hybrids. | in our ongoing search for highly active hybrid molecules exceeding their parent compounds in anticancer, antimalaria as well as antiviral activity and being an alternative to the standard drugs, we present the synthesis and biological investigations of 2nd generation 1,2,4-trioxane-ferrocene hybrids. in vitro tests against the ccrf-cem leukemia cell line revealed di-1,2,4-trioxane-ferrocene hybrid 7 as the most active compound (ic50 of 0.01 μm). regarding the activity against the multidrug resis ... | 2015 | 25965779 |
| genome-wide prediction of vaccine candidates for leishmania major: an integrated approach. | despite the wealth of information regarding genetics of the causative parasite and experimental immunology of the cutaneous leishmaniasis, there is currently no licensed vaccine against it. in the current study, a two-level data mining strategy was employed, to screen the leishmania major genome for promising vaccine candidates. first, we screened a set of 25 potential antigens from 8312 protein coding sequences, based on presence of signal peptides, gpi anchors, and consensus antigenicity predi ... | 2015 | 26681959 |
| plasmodium falciparum and hepatitis b virus infection in nigerian urban population. | 2015 | 26481632 | |
| rts,s: toward a first landmark on the malaria vaccine technology roadmap. | the malaria vaccine technology roadmap calls for a 2015 landmark goal of a first-generation malaria vaccine that has protective efficacy against severe disease and death, lasting longer than one year. this review focuses on product development efforts over the last five years of rts,s, a pre-erythrocytic, recombinant subunit, adjuvanted, candidate malaria vaccine designed with this goal of a first-generation malaria vaccine in mind. rts,s recently completed a successful pivotal phase iii safety, ... | 2015 | 26431982 |
| bacteremia and malaria in tanzanian children hospitalized for acute febrile illness. | we recorded the reason for presentation to a rural hospital in an area endemic for malaria in 909 children between january 2006 and march 2009. blood smears were examined for plasmodium falciparum parasites, and blood spots dried on filter paper were prepared for 464 children. a pcr assay utilizing the stored blood spots was developed for streptococcus pneumoniae (lyta) and haemophilus influenzae (pal). malaria was present in 299 children whose blood was tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 2015 | 25505140 |
| burkitt's lymphoma. | endemic burkitt's lymphoma (bl) remains the most prevalent pediatric cancer in sub-saharan africa even though it was the first human cancer with a viral etiology described over 50 years ago. epstein-barr virus (ebv) was discovered in a bl tumor in 1964 and has since been implicated in other malignancies. the etiology of endemic bl has been linked to ebv and plasmodium falciparum malaria co-infection. while epidemiologic studies have yielded insight into ebv infection and the etiology of endemic ... | 2015 | 26424650 |
| reduced transplacental transfer of a subset of epstein-barr virus-specific antibodies to neonates of mothers infected with plasmodium falciparum malaria during pregnancy. | over 35% of children in a region of malaria endemicity are infected with epstein-barr virus (ebv) by 6 months of age. this susceptibility may be linked to impaired transplacental transfer of antibodies. in this study, we determined the effect of malaria exposure during pregnancy on the transfer of ebv-specific maternal antibodies in a region of western kenya that experiences endemic malaria. pregnant mothers were recruited and followed up until delivery to determine levels of neonatal malaria ex ... | 2015 | 26376931 |
| isolation, production and characterization of fully human monoclonal antibodies directed to plasmodium falciparum msp10. | semi-immunity against the malaria parasite is defined by a protection against clinical episodes of malaria and is partially mediated by a repertoire of inhibitory antibodies directed against the blood stage of plasmodium falciparum, in particular against surface proteins of merozoites, the invasive form of the parasite. such antibodies may be used for preventive or therapeutic treatment of p. falciparum malaria. here, the isolation and characterization of novel human monoclonal antibodies (humab ... | 2015 | 26174014 |
| does ebv alter the pathogenesis of malaria? | plasmodium falciparum infections have been implicated in immune deficiencies resulting in ineffective control of epstein-barr virus, thereby increasing the risk of endemic burkitt lymphoma in children. however, the impact of epstein-barr virus infections on the development of immunity to p. falciparum has not been studied in depth. in this review, we examine novel findings from animal co-infection models and human immuno-epidemiologic studies to speculate on the impact of acute gammaherpesvirus ... | 2015 | 26121587 |
| gammaherpesvirus co-infection with malaria suppresses anti-parasitic humoral immunity. | immunity to non-cerebral severe malaria is estimated to occur within 1-2 infections in areas of endemic transmission for plasmodium falciparum. yet, nearly 20% of infected children die annually as a result of severe malaria. multiple risk factors are postulated to exacerbate malarial disease, one being co-infections with other pathogens. children living in sub-saharan africa are seropositive for epstein barr virus (ebv) by the age of 6 months. this timing overlaps with the waning of protective m ... | 2015 | 25996913 |
| breast milk as a potential source of epstein-barr virus transmission among infants living in a malaria-endemic region of kenya. | we previously reported that infants in kenya were infected with epstein-barr virus (ebv) at <6 months of age, suggesting that mothers were the likely source of transmissible virus to the infant. in this study, we investigated whether breast milk contained infectious ebv and the role of malaria in ebv shedding in breast milk. | 2015 | 25985902 |
| plasmodium falciparum infection is associated with epstein-barr virus reactivation in pregnant women living in malaria holoendemic area of western kenya. | the role of plasmodium falciparum malaria in epstein-barr virus (ebv) transmission among infants early in life remain elusive. we hypothesized that infection with malaria during pregnancy could cause ebv reactivation leading to high ebv load in circulation, which could subsequently enhance early age of ebv infection. pregnant women in kisumu, where p. falciparum malaria is holoendemic, were actively followed monthly through antenatal visits (up to 4 per mother) and delivery. using real-time quan ... | 2015 | 24951129 |
| simultaneous diagnosis of severe imported plasmodium falciparum malaria and hiv: report of three cases. | the increasing number of travellers to and from areas where considerable overlap between high malaria transmission and elevated prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection exists, augment the probability that returning travellers to non-endemic countries might present with both infections. the presence of such co-infection can increase the severity of malaria episodes and also can change the progression of hiv infection. this article describes three travellers returning from malar ... | 2015 | 26155791 |
| insights into circulating cytokine dynamics during pregnancy in hiv-infected beninese exposed to plasmodium falciparum malaria. | we investigated the circulating plasma levels of th1- (interleukin-2 [il-2], tumor necrosis factor-α [tnf-α], interferon-gamma [ifn-γ]) and th2-type (il-4, il-5, il-10) cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected pregnant women living in a malaria-endemic area. we analyzed samples from 200 pregnant women included in the prevention of pregnancy-associated malaria in hiv-infected women: cotrimoxazole prophylaxis versus mefloquine (pacome) clinical trial who were followed until deliver ... | 2015 | 26101276 |
| etiology of pediatric fever in western kenya: a case-control study of falciparum malaria, respiratory viruses, and streptococcal pharyngitis. | in kenya, more than 10 million episodes of acute febrile illness are treated annually among children under 5 years. most are clinically managed as malaria without parasitological confirmation. there is an unmet need to describe pathogen-specific etiologies of fever. we enrolled 370 febrile children and 184 healthy controls. we report demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with plasmodium falciparum, group a streptococcal (gas) pharyngitis, and respiratory viruses (influenza a and b ... | 2015 | 25758648 |
| a novel virus-like particle based vaccine platform displaying the placental malaria antigen var2csa. | placental malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum is a major cause of mortality and severe morbidity. clinical testing of a soluble protein-based vaccine containing the parasite ligand, var2csa, has been initiated. var2csa binds to the human receptor chondroitin sulphate a (csa) and is responsible for sequestration of plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes in the placenta. it is imperative that a vaccine against malaria in pregnancy, if administered to women before they become pregnant, can ... | 2015 | 26599509 |
| biological characterization of the amazon coral micrurus spixii snake venom: isolation of a new neurotoxic phospholipase a2. | the micrurus genus is the american representative of elapidae family. micrurus spixii is endemic of south america and northern states of brazil. elapidic venoms contain neurotoxins that promote curare-mimetic neuromuscular blockage. in this study, biochemical and functional characterizations of m. spixii crude venom were performed and a new neurotoxic phospholipase a2 called mspla2-i was isolated. m. spixii crude venom caused severe swelling in the legs of tested mice and significant release of ... | 2015 | 26095535 |
| antivascular and anti-parasite activities of natural and hemisynthetic flavonoids from new caledonian gardenia species (rubiaceae). | a series of 16 flavonoids were isolated and prepared from bud exudate of gardenia urvillei and gardenia oudiepe, endemic to new caledonia. most of them are rare polymethoxylated flavones. some of these compounds showed noticeable activity against leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, plasmodium falciparum and trypanosoma brucei gambiense, in addition to tubulin polymerization inhibition at low micromolar concentration. we also provide a full set of nmr data as some of the flavones were incomplete ... | 2015 | 25659770 |
| malaria and hiv infection in mozambican pregnant women are associated with reduced transfer of antimalarial antibodies to their newborns. | malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection during pregnancy affect the transplacental transfer of antibodies against several pathogens from mother to fetus, although the effect of malaria and hiv infection on the transfer of antimalarial antibodies remains unclear. | 2015 | 25271267 |