Publications

in vitro antifungal activity of pneumocandin l-743,872 against a variety of clinically important molds.	the in vitro activity of the new antifungal drug pneumocandin l-743,872 against 55 isolates of clinically important molds was examined by an adapted macrobroth dilution method for yeasts. pneumocandin l-743,872 exhibited in vitro antifungal activity against alternaria sp., aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, curvularia lunata, exophiala jeanselmei, fonsecaea pedrosoi, paecilomyces variotii, and scedosporium apiospermum. the drug appeared to lack significant in vitro inhibitory activity ag ...	1997	9257774
the effect of different pectic growth substrates on beta-glucosidase in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici: partial purification and characterization.	fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici produces beta-glucosidase activities when it grows on pectin and glucose. the pectins were better substrates than glucose. in the medium containing galacturonic acid or sucrose the activity was present in low levels and at the end of autolysis. a beta-glucosidase from the pectin medium was purified by ion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. the enzyme was a unique band of protein in sds-page and isoelectric focussing. it had a molecul ...	1997	9258944
[a cutaneous ulcer induced by fungi of the genus fusarium].	a case of cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis, due to fusarium oxysporum, in a 40 years old man is presented. the patient came from paraguay where he worked in a tropical rural area. his disease had begun 2 months before his admission as a skin ulcer located in the left leg. clinical characteristics, diagnosis methods, differential diagnosis with other ulcers of the legs in tropical areas as well as therapeutic measures are discussed in this presentation.	1997	9265228
hydroxylation of dehydroabietic acid by fusarium species.	a novel compound, 1 beta-hydroxydehydroabietic acid has been obtained by the microbial transformation of dehydroabietic acid, using cultures of fusarium oxysporum and f. moniliforme. its antibacterial activity was also tested.	1997	9276983
ests reveal a multigene family for plant defensins in arabidopsis thaliana.	plant defensins, formerly named gamma-thionins, are a group of small, cysteine-rich, basic, and antimicrobial plant proteins. random sequencing of expressed sequence tags (ests) in arabidopsis thaliana has revealed several different plant defensin genes in this plant species which can be grouped into two subfamilies. we have used one est of each subfamily to study the expression of the corresponding genes in a. thaliana. pdf2.3 is constitutively expressed in seedlings, rosettes, flowers, and sil ...	1997	9001391
characterization of hydroperoxides and carbonyl compounds obtained by lipoxygenase extracts of selected microorganisms.	partially purified lipoxygenase (lox) extracts were obtained from fusarium proliferatum, fusarium oxysporum, chlorella pyrenoidosa, and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the enzymatic extract of f. proliferatum showed the highest lox activity while those of f. oxysporum and s. cerevisiae demonstrated only 27.8 and 16.5% of the activity at ph 8.0, and 61.2 and 9.7% of the enzyme activity at ph 10.0, respectively. the lowest lox activity was that in the c. pyrenoidosa extract. the microbial enzymatic prep ...	1997	9301105
polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) with different specificities are expressed in phaseolus vulgaris.	the pgip-1 gene of phaseolus vulgaris, encoding a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip), pgip-1 (p. toubart, a. desiderio, g. salvi, f. cervone, l. daroda, g. de lorenzo, c. bergmann, a. g. darvill, and p. albersheim, plant j. 2:367-373, 1992), was expressed under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in tomato plants via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. transgenic tomato plants with different expression levels of pgip-1 were used in infection experiments w ...	1997	9304859
overexpression of an endogenous thionin enhances resistance of arabidopsis against fusarium oxysporum.	thionins are antimicrobial proteins that are thought to be involved in plant defense. concordant with this view, we have recently shown that the arabidopsis thionin thi2.1 gene is inducible by phytopathogenic fungi. here, we demonstrate that constitutive overexpression of this thionin enhances the resistance of the susceptible ecotype columbia (col-2) against attack by fusarium oxysporum f sp matthiolae. transgenic lines had a reduced loss of chlorophyll after inoculation and supported significa ...	1997	9144959
the i2c family from the wilt disease resistance locus i2 belongs to the nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat superfamily of plant resistance genes.	characterization of plant resistance genes is an important step in understanding plant defense mechanisms. fusarium oxysporum f sp lycopersici is the causal agent of a vascular wilt disease in tomato. genes conferring resistance to plant vascular diseases have yet to be described molecularly. members of a new multigene family, complex i2c, were isolated by map-based cloning from the i2 f. o. lycopersici race 2 resistance locus. the genes show structural similarity to the group of recently isolat ...	1997	9144960
functional and structural comparison of nitric oxide reductases from denitrifying fungi cylindrocarpon tonkinense and fusarium oxysporum.	two isozymes of nitric oxide reductase (nor) from the denitrifying fungus cylindrocarpon tonkinense (c.nor1 and c.nor2) are the heme-enzyme cytochrome p-450's (usuda et al. (1995) appl. environ. microbiol. 61, 883-889). however, they catalyze the no reduction to n2o, but not the monooxygenation reaction using o2. we kinetically and spectrophotometrically studied the reactions of the two nor's with no and electron donor, nad(p)h, using flash-photolysis and stopped-flow rapid scan methods. the enz ...	1997	9074619
crystal structure of nitric oxide reductase from denitrifying fungus fusarium oxysporum.	structures of nitric oxide reductase (nor) in the ferric resting and the ferrous co states have been solved at 2.0 a resolution. these structures provide significant new insights into how no is reduced in biological systems. the haem distal pocket is open to solvent, implicating this region as a possible nadh binding site. in combination with mutagenesis results, a hydrogen-bonding network from the water molecule adjacent to the iron ligand to the protein surface of the distal pocket through the ...	1997	9334748
detection of tomatinase from fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in infected tomato plants.	the antifungal glycoalkaloid alpha-tomatine of the tomato plant (lycopersicon esculentum) is proposed to protect the plant against phytopathogenic fungi. fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, a vascular pathogen of tomato, produces a tomatinase enzyme which hydrolyses the glycoalkaloid into non-fungitoxic compounds. detoxification of alpha-tomatine may be how this fungus avoids the plant glycoalkaloid barrier. as an initial step to evaluate this possibility we have studied the induction of toma ...	1997	9237400
purification and characterization of an antifungal pr-5 protein from pumpkin leaves.	a 28-kda antifungal pr-5 protein (pltp) was purified from pumpkin leaves to homogeneity by using ammonium sulfate fractionation, a regenerated chitin column, and reversed-phase column chromatographies on butyl-toyopearl and hplc c18 columns. analysis of 14 n-terminal amino acid sequences of pltp shows 100% sequence identity to those of two pr-5 proteins, np24 from tomatoes and ap24 from tobacco. the identical sequence also exhibited high amino acid sequence homology to that of an osmotin-like pr ...	1997	9163735
identification of the catalytic nucleophile of endoglucanase i from fusarium oxysporum by mass spectrometry.	the endoglucanase eg i from fusarium oxysporum catalyzes the hydrolysis of cellulose via a double-displacement mechanism involving the formation and hydrolysis of a glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. treatment of eg i with 2',4'-dinitrophenyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-cellobioside results in the time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme (k(i) = 1.36 min(-1), ki = 0.88 mm) via trapping of a covalent 2-deoxy-2-fluorocellobiosyl-enzyme intermediate. this intermediate is, however, catalytically competent u ...	1997	9153431
structure of the endoglucanase i from fusarium oxysporum: native, cellobiose, and 3,4-epoxybutyl beta-d-cellobioside-inhibited forms, at 2.3 a resolution.	the mechanisms involved in the enzymatic degradation of cellulose are of great ecological and commercial importance. the breakdown of cellulose by fungal species is performed by a consortium of free enzymes, known as cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases, which are found in many of the 57 glycosyl hydrolase families. the structure of the endoglucanase i (eg i), found in glycosyl hydrolase family 7, from the thermophilic fungus fusarium oxysporum has been solved at 2.3 a resolution. in addition t ...	1997	9153432
linear mitochondrial plasmids of fusarium oxysporum contain genes with sequence similarity to genes encoding a reverse transcriptase from neurospora spp.	two linear mitochondrial plasmids called pfoxc1 and pfoxc2 from the fungus fusarium oxysporum were previously described. dna sequence comparisons indicated that the derived amino acid sequences of both plasmids exhibit similarity to the reverse transcriptase of the mauriceville and varkud plasmids of neurospora spp. the derived amino acid sequence of pfoxc2 has 51% similarity and 32% identity to the neurospora reverse transcriptase; sequence similarity was greatest for seven blocks of amino acid ...	1997	9251222
crystallization, preliminary diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of a single crystal of cytochrome p450nor.	cytochrome p450nor (p450nor) is a heme-containing nitric oxide reductase from the denitrifying fungus, fusarium oxysporum. this enzyme catalyzes the reduction of no to n2o. in the present study, we report results from preliminary crystallographic and electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) analysis of a single crystal of p450nor. the crystal was grown in 100 mm mes buffer at ph 5.6 using peg 4000 as a precipitant. it belongs to the orthorhombic system with cell dimensions of a = 54.99 a, b = 82.66 ...	1997	9256249
transformation of botrytis cinerea with the nitrate reductase gene (niad) shows a high frequency of homologous recombination.	the nitrate reductase (niad) gene was isolated from the phytopathogenic ascomycete botrytis cinerea using a probe obtained by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with degenerate oligonucleotides corresponding to domains conserved among three fungal nitrate reductases. the b. cinerea niad gene encodes a predicted protein of 907 amino acids and contains no intron. nitrate reductase-deficient mutants of b. cinerea have been isolated. one of them was transformed with the niad genes of fusarium oxyspor ...	1997	9294265
transfer of an autonomously replicating vector between vegetatively incompatible biotypes of colletotrichum gloeosporioides.	previous research has indicated that biotypes a and b of collectotrichum gloeosporioides that infect stylosanthes spp. in australia are asexual and vegetatively incompatible. selectable marker genes conferring resistance either to hygromycin or phleomycin were introduced into isolates of these biotypes. vectors conferring resistance to hygromycin and carrying telomeric sequences from fusarium oxysporum replicated autonomously in c. gloesoporioides and gave frequencies of transformation 100-times ...	1997	9309172
purification and characterization of a flavohemoglobin from the denitrifying fungus fusarium oxysporum.	a flavohemoprotein was purified to homogeneity from the denitrifying fungus fusarium oxysporum. the purified protein existed as a monomer with a molecular weight of 44 kda. it was purified in an oxidized form and exhibited the absorption maxima at 401, 540 and 643 nm in its resting form, and at 434 and 555 nm upon reduction with dithionite, respectively. the protein contained 0.5 mol protoheme/mol and 1.1 mol fad/mol, respectively. when the resting flavohemoprotein was aerobically incubated with ...	1997	9323032
control of polygalacturonase synthesis in fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici.	genetic control of polygalacturonase (pg) activity from fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici was analyzed on pectin and glucose cultures. one exopolygalacturonase from f. oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici was strongly induced, in stationary culture, when the fungus was grown on apple pectin, while on glucose no extracellular pg activity could be detected. although sds-page detected the presence of a putative pg band (66 kda) in both conditions, specific antibodies obtained against the ...	1997	9436311
fusaricidins b, c and d, new depsipeptide antibiotics produced by bacillus polymyxa kt-8: isolation, structure elucidation and biological activity	fusaricidins b, c and d, new depsipeptide antibiotics, have been isolated as minor components from the culture broth of bacillus polymyxa kt-8 which was obtained from the rhizosphere of garlic suffering from the basal rot caused by fusarium oxysporum. the structure of fusaricidin b has been elucidated mainly by various nmr experiments coupled with amino acid analysis in relation to fusaricidin a, the main component of the complex, whose structure was reported previously. the fraction consisting ...	1997	9439693
unusual clinical features of fingernail infection by fusarium oxysporum.	four cases of invasion of fingernails caused by fusarium oxysporum are described. the typical picture of onychomycosis by this non-dermatophytic mould is a 'white superficial onychomycosis' which usually affects the great toenail. only few cases of fingernail infections by this organism have been described in the literature and, to our knowledge, there are no reported cases on the pustulous and eczema-like aspect of paronychia by fusarium oxysporum. we report different and unusual clinical featu ...	1997	9470412
oxysporidinone: a novel, antifungal n-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pyridone from fusarium oxysporum.	oxysporidinone (1), a novel 3,5-disubstituted n-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pyridone, was isolated from fermentations of fusarium oxysporum (cbs 330.95) by counter-current chromatography. the structure was determined by spectroscopic methods including nmr, ms, ir, and uv analysis. oxysporidinone exhibited growth inhibitory activity against several common plant pathogenic fungi.	1997	9014349
in-vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical and environmental fusarium spp. strains.	the mics of amphotericin b, miconazole, ketoconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole and fluconazole for 19 isolates of fusarium oxysporum, 16 fusarium solani, seven fusarium verticilliodes, four fusarium proliferatum, four fusarium dimerum, three fusarium equiseti, and one each of the following species: fusarium graminearum, fusarium chlamydosporum, fusarium semitectum, fusarium avenaceum and fusarium subglutinans were determined by a broth microdilution method. thirty-eight of these isolates were o ...	1997	9069536
effect of water activity, modified atmosphere packaging and storage temperature on spore germination of moulds isolated from prunes.	the combined effect of medium water activity (aw) modified atmosphere packaging (map) on the conidial germination of aspergillus niger, eurotium amstelodami, penicillium chrysogenum and fusarium oxysporum was studied by applying response surface methodology (rsm) for 45 days incubation at 20, 30 and 40 degrees c. oxytetracycline glucose yeast extract (ogye) agar media were prepared over a wide range of aw (0.80-0.95), controlled by glucose. the headspace atmosphere composition varied from 0-20% ...	1997	9081224
invasive fusarium infections: a retrospective survey of 31 cases. the french 'groupe d'etudes des mycoses opportunistes' gemo.	a retrospective study was conducted in france to investigate fusarium infections which are now recognized as emerging opportunistic infections. the clinical and mycological findings for 31 cases diagnosed between 1984 and 1993 by members of the french groupe d'etudes des mycoses opportunistes were analysed. all suffered from haematological disease, most often acute leucaemia (n = 19). twenty-two had received cytostatic chemotherapy and ten had undergone bone marrow transplantation. prolonged apl ...	1997	9147270
cytochrome p450foxy, a catalytically self-sufficient fatty acid hydroxylase of the fungus fusarium oxysporum.	we have purified membrane-bound fatty acid (omega-1-omega-3) hydroxylase of the fungus fusarium oxysporum mt-811 and found that the activity depends on a single polypeptide with an apparent m(r) value of 118,000. the purified hydroxylase exhibited spectral characteristics of cytochrome p450 (p450), and could catalyze the hydroxylation without the aid of any other proteinaceous components, such as nadph-p450 reductase. these properties of the fungal hydroxylase are the same as those of bacterial ...	1996	8830036
the gibberella fujikuroi niad gene encoding nitrate reductase: isolation, sequence, homologous transformation and electrophoretic karyotype location.	the gibberella fujikuroi niad gene, encoding nitrate reductase, has been isolated and used to develop an efficient homologous transformation system. a cosmid vector designated pgfniad was generated based on niad selection and shown to give comparable transformation efficiencies. using pgfniad, a genomic library was prepared and used for genetic transformations, giving frequencies of up to 200 transformants per microgram dna. of 15 transformants analysed by southern blots, six showed homologous i ...	1996	8868428
influence of a subinhibitory dose of antifungal fatty acids from sporothrix flocculosa on cellular lipid composition in fungi.	antifungal fatty acids produced by the biocontrol fungus sporothrix flocculosa were studied on the basis of their effect on growth and cellular lipid composition of three fungi, cladosporium cucumerinum, fusarium oxysporum, and s. flocculosa, whose growth was decreased by 51, 33, and 5%, respectively, when exposed to 0.4 mg fatty acid per ml. the sensitivity to fatty acid antibiotics from s. flocculosa was related to a high degree of unsaturation of phospholipid fatty acids and a low proportion ...	1996	8898307
transposon-like sequences at the tox2 locus of the plant-pathogenic fungus cochliobolus carbonum.	the ascomycete fungus cochliobolus carbonum race 1 is pathogenic on certain genotypes of maize due to the production of hc-toxin, a host-specific cyclic peptide. hc-toxin production is controlled, at least in part, by a duplicated 22-kb region of dna that is found only in toxin-producing isolates of the fungus. this 22-kb region of dna is flanked by a repetitive element. we have sequenced the element and found an interrupted reading frame that would encode a product similar to transposases from ...	1996	8918240
kinetic mechanism and substrate specificity of nitroalkane oxidase.	nitroalkane oxidase from fusarium oxysporum catalyzes the oxidation of nitroalkanes to aldehydes, transferring the electrons to oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide. the steady-state kinetic patterns have been determined with nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, and 1-nitropentane as substrates. in all three cases, the data fit best to a ping pong kinetic mechanism. the ph dependences of the v/k values for 1-nitropentane and phenylnitromethane show that an amino acid residue on the enzyme with a pka-value o ...	1996	8769086
systemic resistance in arabidopsis induced by biocontrol bacteria is independent of salicylic acid accumulation and pathogenesis-related gene expression.	systemic acquired resistance is a pathogen-inducible defense mechanism in plants. the resistant state is dependent on endogenous accumulation of salicylic acid (sa) and is characterized by the activation of genes encoding pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins. recently, selected nonpathogenic, root-colonizing biocontrol bacteria have been shown to trigger a systemic resistance response as well. to study the molecular basis underlying this type of systemic resistance, we developed an arabidopsis-bas ...	1996	8776893
antimicrobial activities of streptomyces pulcher, s. canescens and s. citreofluorescens against fungal and bacterial pathogens of tomato in vitro.	thirty-seven actinomycete species isolated from fertile cultivated soils in egypt were screened for the production of antimicrobial compounds against a variety of test organisms. most of the isolates exhibited antimicrobial activities against gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid-fast bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi, with special attention to fungal and bacterial pathogens of tomato. on starch-nitrate agar, 14 strains were active against fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (the cause of ...	1996	9131789
a homologous and self-replicating system for efficient transformation of fusarium oxysporum.	a highly efficient transformation system has been developed for fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici based on the complementation of a nitrate-reductase mutant with the homologous nit1 gene and on the presence of ars and telomeric sequences in the vector. preliminary transformation experiments with the niad gene from aspergillus niger generated self-replicating plasmids within the transformed entity that contained extra-fungal dna. a fragment of the extra dna was inserted into puc19 together wi ...	1996	8821667
production of fructosyl lysine oxidase from fusarium oxysporum s-1f4 on autoclave-browned medium.	in fusarium oxysporum s-1f4, fructosyl lysine oxidase (flod) was induced with n epsilon-fructosyl n alpha-z-lysine (epsilon-fl), which is a model compound of a glycated protein, and the induction was inhibited by the addition of cycloheximide in the growing cells. flod formation was greatly enhanced in an autoclave-browned medium containing glucose and l-lysine. some amadori compounds formed from glucose and l-lysine during autoclaving were assumed to induce the enzyme. after optimization of the ...	1996	8824836
port-a-cath-related fusarium oxysporum infection in an hiv-infected patient: treatment with liposomal amphotericin b.	the first case of port-a-cath-related disseminated fusariosis in an hiv-infected patient is presented. antifungal treatment with liposomal amphotericin b (ambisome) in a dose of 2 mg kg-1 day-1 for 14 days was successful.	1996	8767004
the magnaporthe grisea dna fingerprinting probe mgr586 contains the 3' end of an inverted repeat transposon.	the magnaporthe grisea repeat (mgr) sequence mgr586 has been widely used for population studies of the rice blast fungus, and has enabled classification of the fungal population into hundreds of genetic lineages. while studying the distribution of mgr586 sequences in strains of m. grisea, we discovered that the plasmid probe pcb586 contains a significant amount of single-copy dna. to define precisely the boundary of the repetitive dna in pcb586, this plasmid and four cosmid clones containing mgr ...	1996	8757398
a general monte carlo method for mapping multiple quantitative trait loci.	in this paper we address the mapping of multiple quantitative trait loci (qtls) in line crosses for which the genetic data are highly incomplete. such complicated situations occur, for instance, when dominant markers are used or when unequally informative markers are used in experiments with outbred populations. we describe a general and flexible monte carlo expectation-maximization (monte carlo em) algorithm for fitting multiple-qtl models to such data. implementation of this algorithm is strai ...	1996	8770607
sensitivity of fungi to nikkomycin z.	nikkomycin z inhibited colony radial extension (kr) and hyphal density in geotrichum candidum, trichoderma koningii, mucor plumbeus, and fusarium oxysporum, although the level of inhibition varied with the fungal species and was influenced by the concentration of nutrients in the culture medium. while g. candidum and m. plumbeus were sensitive to the inhibitory effects of nikkomycin z, t. koningii and f. oxysporum were relatively tolerant of concentrations of the antibiotic up to 100 mumol. nikk ...	1996	8634944
biodegradation of dimethylsilanediol in soils.	the biodegradation potential of [14c]dimethylsilanediol, the monomer unit of polydimethylsiloxane, in soils was investigated. dimethylsilanediol was found to be biodegraded in all of the tested soils, as monitored by the production of 14co2. when 2-propanol was added to the soil as a carbon source in addition to [14c]dimethylsilanediol, the production of 14co2 increased. a method for the selection of primary substrates that support cometabolic degradation of a target compound was developed. by t ...	1996	8953708
universal fungus-specific primer systems and group-specific hybridization oligonucleotides for 18s rdna.	we designed two primer systems that amplify a fragment of the gene coding for the small ribosomal subunit (18s rrna). a broadly reactive, yet fungus-specific, primer cocktail comprises two previously published primers, tr1 and tr2, which specifically amplify dermatophytes, and two newly designed primers, ca1 and af2, which specifically amplify candida and aspergillus respectively. this primer cocktail amplifies a dna fragment of approximately 578 basepairs (bp) in length (from position 838 to 14 ...	1996	8786753
susceptibility of clinical isolates of fusarium to antifungal drugs.	the inhibitory activities of amphotericin b, fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, ketoconazole and terbinafine against nine isolates from clinically apparent infections of fusarium solani, four isolates of fusarium moniliforme and 10 isolates of fusarium oxysporum were determined with an agar diffusion method (neosensitabs) and an agar dilution method. the inhibition zones obtained with antifungal neosensitabs need very careful interpretation. we did not find a good correlation between the aga ...	1996	8786755
purification and characterisation of a major xylanase with cellulase and transferase activities from fusarium oxysporum.	a major xylanase from fusarium oxysporum was purified to homogeneity by gel filtration, affinity, and ion-exchange chromatographies. it has a molecular mass of 60.2 kda and pi of 6.6 and was optimally active at ph 7.4 and at 50 degrees c. the enzyme was stable over the ph range 5.8-8.2 at 40 degrees c for 24 h and lost 45% of its original activity at ph 9.0 under the identical conditions. the enzyme rapidly hydrolysed xylans from oat spelts (husks) and birchwood, but the activities on carboxymet ...	1996	8805776
relationships among pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of fusarium oxysporum based on the partial sequence of the intergenic spacer region of the ribosomal dna.	using pcr, we amplified and sequenced approximately 1,000 bp of the 5' end of the intergenic spacer (igs) of the rdna in 15 isolates of fusarium oxysporum and one isolate of f. subglutinans. isolates were selected to represent diversity in our collection based on differences in pathogenic race, vegetative compatibility group (vcg), mitochondrial dna (mtdna) haplotype, igs haplotype, and dna fingerprint. the objective of this research was to clarify the origin of virulence within f. oxysporum, th ...	1996	8820752
novel osmotically induced antifungal chitinases and bacterial expression of an active recombinant isoform.	nacl (428 mm)-adapted tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. var wisconsin 38) cells accumulate and secrete several antifungal chitinases. the predominant protein secreted to the culture medium was a 29-kd peptide that, based on internal amino acid sequence, was determined to be a class ii acidic chitinase with similarity to pr-q. the four predominant chitinases (t1, t2, t3, and t4) that accumulated intracellularly in 428 mm nacl-adapted cells were purified. based on n-terminal sequence analyses, two of ...	1996	8756502
elevated plasma glycosaminoglycans in chickens with tibial dyschondroplasia induced by a fusarium oxysporum isolate.	chicken plasma glycosaminoglycans (gags) were isolated and digested. their building block molecules, namely, glucosamine and galactosamine, were quantified by gas chromatography. the levels of these two amino sugars were elevated in broiler chickens with tibial dyschondroplasia (td) induced by culture material of fusarium oxysporum (fo), a mold isolated from corn originated from the endemic region of kaschin-beck disease (kbd) in china. as the td severity score changed from 1 (healthy) to 2, 3, ...	1996	8883805
denitrification, a novel type of respiratory metabolism in fungal mitochondrion.	subcellular localization and coupling to atp synthesis were investigated with respect to the denitrifying systems of two fungi, fusarium oxysporum and cylindrocarpon tonkinense. dissimilatory nitrate reductase of f. oxysporum or nitrite reductase of c. tonkinense could be detected in the mitochondrial fraction prepared from denitrifying cells of each fungus. fluorescence immunolocalization, cofractionation with mitochondrial marker enzymes, and cytochromes provided evidence that the denitrifying ...	1996	8663075
chitinous component of the cell wall of fusarium oxysporum, its structure deduced from chitosanase digestion.	the cell of fusarium oxysporum was digested with commercial bacillus chitosanase. the chitosanase produced low molecular weight heterooligosaccharides consisting of glcn and glcnac from the cell wall. a main component of the digestion products was identified as 2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosyl- (1-->4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranose. the chitosanase appeared to be more effective than streptomyces griseus chitinase for cell wall digestion. moreover, maltose was unexpectedly found in the ...	1996	8987672
fusaricidin a, a new depsipeptide antibiotic produced by bacillus polymyxa kt-8. taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, structure elucidation and biological activity.	fusaricidin a, a new depsipeptide antibiotic, was isolated from the culture broth of bacillus polymyxa kt-8 obtained from the rhizosphere of garlic suffering from the basal rot caused by fusarium oxysporum. the structure of fusaricidin a was determined by 1d and 2d nmr and ms experiments coupled with amino acid analysis to be a hexadepsipeptide containing 15-guanidino-3-hydroxypentadecanoic acid as a side chain. the absolute configuration of each amino acid residue was determined by chiral hplc. ...	1996	8621351
purification and characterization of tomatinase from fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.	the antifungal compound alpha-tomatine, present in tomato plants, has been reported to provide a preformed chemical barrier against phytopathogenic fungi. fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, a tomato pathogen, produces an extracellular enzyme inducible by alpha-tomatine. this enzyme, known as tomatinase, catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-tomatine into its nonfungitoxic forms, tomatidine and beta-lycotetraose. the maximal tomatinase activity in the fungal culture medium was observed after 48 h ...	1996	8633858
dna polymorphism among fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis populations from oil palm, using a repeated and dispersed sequence "palm".	a worldwide collection, of 76 f. oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis isolates (foe), and of 21 f. oxysporum isolates from the soil of several palm grove was analysed by rflp. as a probe, we used a random dna fragment (probe 46) from a genomic library of a foe isolate. this probe contains two different types of sequence, one being repeated and dispersed in the genome "palm", the other being a single-copy sequence. all f. oxysporum isolates from the palm-grove soils were non-pathogenic to oil palm. they all ...	1996	8660464
characterization of the aspergillus parasiticus niad and niia gene cluster.	the nitrate reductase gene (niad) and nitrite reductase gene (niia) of aspergillus parasiticus are clustered and are divergently transcribed from a 1.6-kb intergenic region (niad-niia). the deduced aminoacid sequence of the a. parasiticus nitrate reductase demonstrated a high degree of homology to those of other aspergillus species, as well as to leptosphaeria maculans, fusarium oxysporum, gibberella fujikuroi and neurospora crassa, particularly in the cofactor-binding domains for molybdenum, he ...	1996	8662212
[fusarium onychomycosis].	introduction: a 69-year-old man with an uneventful past history consulted for a proximal subungueal leukonychia and associated paronychia of the right greater toe. macroscopic examination and culture lead to the diagnosis of fusarium oxysporum. local treatment with bifonazol and cyclopirox was effective. discussion: fungal onychomycoses are uncommon and usually present as superficial leukonychia. the association of a proximal localization with paronychia would suggest possible fusarium infection ...	1996	8761783
characterization and regulation of glycine transport in fusarium oxysporum var. lini.	glycine was transported in fusarium oxysporum cells, grown on glycine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, by a facilitated diffusion transport system with a half-saturation constant (ks) of 11 mm and a maximum velocity (vmax) of 1.2 mm (g dry weight)-1 h-1 at ph 5.0 and 26 degrees c. under conditions of nitrogen starvation, the same system was present together with a high-affinity one (ks) of about 47 microm and vmax of about 60 microm (g dry weight)-1 h-1). the low-affinity system was mo ...	1996	9181075
the transposable element tan1 of aspergillus niger var. awamori, a new member of the fot1 family.	aspergillus niger var. awamori has transposable elements that we refer to as vader and tan1 (transposon a. niger). vader was identified by screening unstable nitrate reductase (niad) mutants for insertions. four of the isolated niad mutants were shown to contain a small insertion element. this 437 bp insertion element, vader, is flanked by 44 bp inverted repeats (ir) and is present in approximately 15 copies in the genomes of two a. niger strains examined. a synthetic 44 bp oligomer of the inver ...	1996	9003286
ultraweak luminescence generated by sweet potato and fusarium oxysporum interactions associated with a defense response.	ultraweak luminescence generated by sweet potato and nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum interactions associated with a defense response was detected by a photoncounting method using ultrahigh-sensitive photodetectors. the time-dependent intensity variation, the spectrum and the two-dimensional imaging of the ultraweak luminescence are indicative of the defense response of the sweet potato to f. oxysporum. the production of ipomeamarone as a phytoalexin means that f. oxysporum induced the defense r ...	1996	8972637
purification and characterization of two low molecular mass alkaline xylanases from fusarium oxysporum f3.	two low molecular mass endo-1,4-beta-d-xylanases from fusarium oxysporum were purified to homogeneity by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. they exhibit molecular masses of 20.8 (xylanase i) and 23.5 (xylanase ii) kda, and isoelectric points of 9.5 and 8.45-8.70, respectively. both xylanases display remarkable ph (9.0) stability. at 40 to 55 degrees c xylanase ii is more thermostable than xylanase i but less active on xylan. in contrast to xylanase i, xylanase ii is able to hydrolyz ...	1996	8987884
structure of the fusarium oxysporum endoglucanase i with a nonhydrolyzable substrate analogue: substrate distortion gives rise to the preferred axial orientation for the leaving group.	endoglucanase i (eg i) is a cellulase, from glycosyl hydrolase family 7, which cleaves the beta-1,4 linkages of cellulose with overall retention of configuration. the structure of the eg i from fusarium oxysproum, complexed to a nonhydrolyzable thiooligosaccharide substrate analogue, has been determined by x-ray crystallography at a resolution of 2.7 a utilizing the 4-fold noncrystallographic symmetry present in the asymmetric unit. the electron density map clearly reveals the presence of three ...	1996	8952478
two isozymes of p450nor of cylindrocarpon tonkinense: molecular cloning of the cdnas and genes, expressions in the yeast, and the putative nad(p)h-binding site.	the cdnas and genes for two isozymes of cytochrome p450nor of the fungus cylindrocarpon tonkinense, p450nor1 and p450nor2, were cloned and sequenced. their deduced amino acid sequences respectively showed 83 and 70% identity to that of p450nor of fusarium oxysporum, and 69% identity to each other. the genes for p450nor1 and p450nor2 were termed, respectively, cyp 55a2 and cyp 55a3. the cdna for p450nor1 contained a targeting-like presequence upstream the n-terminus of mature protein whereas that ...	1996	9010609
purification and characterization of an exo-polygalacturonase from the tomato vascular wilt pathogen fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici.	an exo-polygalacturonase (ec 3.2.1.15) was purified to apparent homogeneity from cultures of fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici on synthetic medium supplemented with citrus pectin, using preparative isoelectric focusing. the enzyme, denominated pg2, had an apparent m(r) of 74000 da upon sds-page. the pi of the main pg2 isoform was 4.5, and ph and temperature optima were 5.0 and 55 degrees c, respectively. pg2 hydrolyzed polygalacturonic acid in an exo-manner, as demonstrated by anaysis of degr ...	1996	8961570
stress-induced rearrangement of fusarium retrotransposon sequences.	rearrangement of fusarium oxysporum retrotransposon skippy was induced by growth in the presence of potassium chlorate. three fungal strains, one sensitive to chlorate (co60) and two resistant to chlorate and deficient for nitrate reductase (co65 and co94), were studied by southern analysis of their genomic dna. polymorphism was detected in their hybridization banding pattern, relative to the wild type grown in the absence of chlorate, using various enzymes with or without restriction sites with ...	1996	9003291
isolation and characterization of two new type c fumonisins produced by fusarium oxysporum.	two new fumonisins, hydroxylated fumonisin c1 (1) and fumonisin c3 (3), were isolated from wheat cultures of fusarium oxysporum together with known fumonisin c1 (2) and c4 (4). compound 1 is structurally similar to 2 except for the presence of an additional hydroxy group at c-3. compound 3 is similar in structure to fumonisin b3 except that the c-1 terminal methyl group is missing.	1996	8946739
n-terminal processing and amino acid sequence of two isoforms of nitric oxide reductase cytochrome p450nor from fusarium oxysporum.	cytochrome p450nor (p450nor), a nitric oxide reductase involved in the denitrifying system of the fungus fusarium oxysporum, revealed molecular multiplicity. two isoforms of p450nor, termed p450nora (nora) and p450norb (norb), were isolated. they had distinct isoelectric points of 5.1 (nora) and 4.9 (norb). however, their catalytic, spectroscopic, and immunological properties were almost identical. partial amino acid sequences, involving 263 amino acid residues of nora and 278 residues of norb a ...	1996	9010754
nondermatophyte causes of onychomycosis and superficial mycoses.	compared to dermatophytes, nondermatophytes that may cause distal and lateral subungual onychomycoses are aspergillus species, acremonium species, fusarium oxysporum and scopulariopsis brevicaulis. white superficial onychomycosis may be caused by nondermatophyte species, for example, acremonium species, aspergillus terreus, other aspergillus species and fusarium oxysporum. nondermatophyte molds such as scopulariopsis brevicaulis may uncommonly result in cutaneous infections. scytalidium dimidiat ...	1996	9504061
induction of defense-related ultrastructural modifications in pea root tissues inoculated with endophytic bacteria.	the stimulation exerted by the endophytic bacterium bacillus pumilus strain se34 in plant defense reactions was investigated at the ultrastructural level using an in vitro system in which root-inducing t-dna pea (pisum sativum l.) roots were infected with the pea root-rotting fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi. in nonbacterized roots, the pathogen multiplied abundantly through much of the tissue including the vascular stele, whereas in prebacterized roots, pathogen growth was restricted to th ...	1996	12226427
genome flux in tomato cell clones cultured in vitro in different physiological equilibria. ii. a rapd analysis of variability.	an analysis of the effect of changing physiological conditions on genome evolution in tomato cell populations has been carried out on long-term in vitro cultured clones grown on different auxin-cytokinin equilibria or selected for low-high competence for active defense against fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. rapd analysis, confirmed through pattern rehybridization, was used as a random tool to measure the genetic variability. through the use of a modified anova, variation was shown to depe ...	1996	18469940
pathogenicity of fungi to eggs of heterodera glycines.	twenty-one isolates of 18 fungal species were tested on water agar for their pathogenicity to eggs of heterodera glycines. an egg-parasitic index (epi) for each of these fungi was recorded on a scale from 0 to 10, and hatch of nematode eggs was determined after exposure to the fungi on water agar for 3 weeks at 24 c. the epi for verticillium chlamydosporium was 7.6, and the fungus reduced hatch 74%. pyrenochaeta terrestris and two sterile fungi also showed a high epi and reduced hatch 42-73%. ar ...	1996	19277130
fungi associated with storage rots of cocoyams (colocasia spp.) in nsukka, nigeria.	cocoyam (colocasia spp.) corms and cormels showing spoilage symptoms were collected from many stores in nsukka locality and examined for rot and associated fungal pathogens. aspergillus niger, botryodiplodia theobromae, corticium rolfsii, geotrichum candidum, fusarium oxysporum, and f. solani were recovered from rotten cocoyams. the representative isolates of these species caused cocoyam rot in pathogenicity tests. the rot due to a. niger, b. theobromae and c. rolfsii was extensive resulting in ...	1996	20882465
rotations with coastal bermudagrass and fallow for management of meloidogyne incognita and soilborne fungi on vegetable crops.	the efficacy of fallow and coastal bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon) as a rotation crop for control of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita race 1) and soilborne fungi in okra (hibiscus esculentus cv. emerald), squash (cucurbita pepo cv. dixie hybrid), and sweet corn (zea mays cv. merit) was evaluated in a 3-year field trial. numbers of m. incognita in the soil and root-gall indices were greater on okra and squash than sweet corn and declined over the years on vegetable crops following fallow ...	1995	19277312
co-infection of wilt-resistant chickpeas by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and meloidogyne javanica.	fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and meloidogyne javanica are important pathogens of chickpea. interrelationships between fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and m. javanica were investigated on 53 fusarium wilt-resistant chickpea genotypes in pot experiments. all of the genotypes were susceptible to m. javanica. fusarium wilt resistance in one genotype (icc 12275) was ineffective in the presence of m. javanica, and all the plants completely wilted. resistance in four genotypes (iccs 11319, 11322, ...	1995	19277336
effect of compost on rhizosphere microflora of the tomato and on the incidence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.	four commercial composts were added to soil to study their effect on plant growth, total rhizosphere microflora, and incidence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) in the rhizosphere of tomato plants. three of the compost treatments significantly improved plant growth, while one compost treatment significantly depressed it. compost amendments caused only small variations in the total numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in the rhizosphere of tomato plants. a total of 709 bacte ...	1995	16534902
structure of inhibited trypsin from fusarium oxysporum at 1.55 a.	the structure of trypsin from the fungus fusarium oxysporum has been refined at 1.55 a resolution by restrained least-squares minimization to an r-factor of 14.4%. the data were recorded from a single-crystal on the x31 beamline at embl, hamburg, using a locally developed image-plate scanner. the final model consists of 1557 protein atoms, 400 water molecules, one molecule of isopropanol and one monoisopropyl phosphoryl inhibitor group covalently bound to the catalytic ser195. comparison of the ...	1995	15299338
formation of tomatine in tomato plants infected with streptomyces species and treated with herbicides, correlated with reduction of pseudomonas solanacearum and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.	pretreatment of tomato seeds with pendimethalin or metribuzin and inoculation of seedlings with the antagonistic streptomyces corchorusii or/and streptomyces mutabilis were tested for the formation of tomatine in roots and stems of tomato, infested with pseudomonas solancearum or/and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. all treatments induced the formation of variable quantities of tomatine, compared with untreated control. the variation was proportional to: the pathogen, fusarium was more sti ...	1995	8934667
overwhelming myocarditis due to fusarium oxysporum following bone marrow transplantation.	disseminated infection by fusarium is being increasingly reported in immunocompromised patients. we report the first case of fusarium oxysporum disseminated infection with well-documented fungal myocarditis. despite antifungal therapy and hematologic recovery, the patient died in cardiogenic shock, myocardial involvement clearly contributing to the fatal outcome.	1995	8685650
fusarium graminearum a 3/5 as a novel host for heterologous protein production.	we describe a novel fungal expression system which utilizes the quorn myco-protein fungus fusarium graminearum a 3/5. a transformation system was developed for f. graminearum and was used to introduce the coding and regulatory regions of a trypsin gene from fusarium oxysporum. the protein was efficiently expressed, processed and secreted by the recombinant host strain. in addition, the promoter and terminator of the f. oxysporum trypsin gene have been successfully utilized to drive the expressio ...	1995	9636307
denitrification by the fungus cylindrocarpon tonkinense: anaerobic cell growth and two isozyme forms of cytochrome p-450nor.	we examined the denitrification system of the fungus cylindrocapon tonkinense and found several properties distinct from those of the denitrification system of fusarium oxysporum. c. tonkinense could form n2o from nitrite under restricted aeration but could not reduce nitrate by dissimilatory metabolism. nitrite-dependent n2o formation and/or cell growth during the anaerobic culture was not affected by further addition of ammonium ions but was suppressed by respiration inhibitors such as rotenon ...	1995	7793922
induction of tibial dyschondroplasia and suppression of cell-mediated immunity in chickens by fusarium oxysporum grown on sterile corn.	an isolate of fusarium oxysporum from corn associated with kaschin-beck disease in humans was tested for its ability to induce tibial dyschondroplasia (td) and toxicity in chicks. both leghorn and broiler chicks were fed diets in which corn was replaced with varied amounts (0% to 50%) of the f. oxysporum culture grown on sterile corn, or with known td-inducing agents. f. oxysporum did not affect body weight in either type of chicks. in leghorn chicks, neither f. oxysporum nor the known td-induci ...	1995	7794168
comparative study of two trehalase activities from fusarium oxysporum var. lini.	acid and neutral trehalase activities (optimum ph of 4.6 and 6.8, respectively) from fusarium oxysporum var. lini were studied separately through partial isolation by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by ion-exchange chromatography on deae-sephacel for neutral enzyme, or using some of their differential properties. acid activity was unaffected by 1 mm of ca2+, mg2+, mn2+, ba2+, or edta. contrarily, the neutral enzyme was activated by ca2+ with an apparent ka of 0.15 mm; was inhibited by ed ...	1995	8542549
an exoantigen test for the rapid identification of medically significant fusarium species.	the accurate identification of fusarium species can take 2-3 weeks. preliminary exoantigen studies indicate that a mature culture suspected of being a fusarium species may be immunologically identified 48 h after receipt. exoantigen extracts of 10-day-old slant cultures of fusarium chlamydosporum, fusarium moniliforme (= fusarium verticilloides), fusarium oxysporum, fusarium proliferatum and fusarium solani and partially purified reference homologous and heterologous shake culture extracts (6-we ...	1995	8544080
spectroscopic and kinetic studies on reaction of cytochrome p450nor with nitric oxide. implication for its nitric oxide reduction mechanism.	cytochrome p450 purified from fusarium oxysporum (p450nor) is a unique heme enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of nitric oxide to nitrous oxide with electrons directly transferred from nadh (2no + nadh + h+--> n2o + h2o + nad+). we studied the reaction of p450nor with no and nadh using stopped-flow rapid scan and low temperature spectroscopic methods. the no ligand can bind to the ferric enzyme to form the stable no bound complex, p450nor(fe3+no). reduction of p450nor(fe3+no) with nadh yielded ...	1995	7829493
purification and characterization of a less randomly acting endo-1,4-beta-d-glucanase from the culture filtrates of fusarium oxysporum.	an extracellular endo-1,4-beta-d-glucanase from fusarium oxysporum was purified by affinity chromatography and gel filtration. the enzyme purified in this way was homogeneous when judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the protein corresponded to a molecular mass and pi value of 41.7 kda and 6.4, respectively. it was optimally active at ph 4.5 and at 55 degrees c. the enzyme hydrolyzed carboxymethylcellulos ...	1995	7840647
the copper-containing dissimilatory nitrite reductase involved in the denitrifying system of the fungus fusarium oxysporum.	a copper-containing nitrite reductase (cu-nir) was purified to homogeneity from the denitrifying fungus fusarium oxysporum. the enzyme seemed to consist of two subunits with almost the same m(r) value of 41,800 and contains two atoms of copper per subunit. the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum showed that both type 1 and type 2 copper centers are present in the protein, whereas the visible absorption spectrum exhibited a sole and strong absorption maximum at 595 nm, causing a blue but not ...	1995	7876166
multiple forms of endo-1,4-beta-d-glucanase in the extracellular cellulase system of fusarium oxysporum.		1995	8654771
medicinal plants from riau province, sumatra, indonesia. part 2: antibacterial and antifungal activity.	antibacterial assays of 114 species listed in part 1 showed that 82% of the extracts tested were active against staphylococcus aureus, while 35% were active against escherichia coli. antifungal activity was less dramatic: 19% of the extracts inhibited saccharomyces cerevisiae, while 20% inhibited fusarium oxysporum. our survey of relevant literature indicates that less than 30% of these angiosperm species have previously been assayed for any form of antimicrobial activity.	1995	7776665
rapid mitochondrial probes for analysis of polymorphisms in fusarium oxysporum special forms.	a method is described for the production of simple mitochondrial dna probes from filamentous fungi for the partial characterization of mitochondrial dna without the need for cloning, gradient centrifugation or pcr amplification. a probe (p449) consisting of a 3.38 kb mitochondrial fragment from an isolate of fusarium oxysporum special form cubense was used to determine rflps in restriction digests of total dna from 28 isolates of f. oxysporum from a variety of hosts and locations. the probe show ...	1995	7576508
vital fluorochromes as tracers for fungal growth studies.	eight fluorescent dyes were tested for staining the spores or mycelia of six fungi and for their translocation into new growth when the preloaded spores or mycelia were incubated on agar coated coverslips. the dyes studied were cellufluor, nile red, fluorescein diacetate (fda), carboxyfluorescein diacetate (cfda), chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (cmfda), aminochloromethyl coumarin (cmac), and the carbocyamines diic18(3) and dioc18(3). the fungi on which the dyes were tested included botrytis c ...	1995	7578589
[genetic structure of soil population of the fungus fusarium oxysporum schlechtend.: fr.: molecular reidentification of the species and genetic differentiation of isolates using polymerase chain reaction with universal primers (up-pcr)].	the genetic structure of three soil populations of fungus fusarium oxysporum was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction with universal primers (up-pcr). distinct up-pcr variants revealed by means of cross-dot hybridization of amplified dna and restriction analysis of nuclear ribosomal dna represent subspecies or sibling species of f. oxysporum. the remaining isolates of f. oxysporum showed moderate up-pcr polymorphism characterized by numerous types, whose relatedness was analyzed by computer ...	1995	7607421
intraspecific variation within populations of fusarium oxysporum based on rflp analysis of the intergenic spacer region of the rdna.	fifty-six isolates of fusarium oxysporum, including f. oxysporum f. sp. melonis and nonpathogenic strains, were chosen from a larger collection to represent diversity in vegetative compatibility groups (vcgs), mitochondrial dna (mtdna) haplotype, geographic distribution, and virulence. using pcr, a 2.6-kb fragment including the intergenic spacer (igs) region of the ribosomal dna was amplified from each isolate. the enzymes ecori, sau3a, cfoi, and avaii, cut this fragment differentially, revealin ...	1995	7614373
iron-ligand structure and iron redox property of nitric oxide reductase cytochrome p450nor from fusarium oxysporum: relevance to its no reduction activity.	we studied the nitric oxide reductase, cytochrome p450nor, purified from a denitrifying fungus fusarium oxysporum with electron paramagnetic resonance spectral and redox potential measurements. the epr spectral features of p450nor in the ferric resting, the ferric cyanide-bound, and the ferrous no-bound forms were the same as the corresponding ones of other general p450s such as pseudomonas putida p450cam. in contrast, the metyrapone complex of ferric p450nor gave an epr spectrum with significan ...	1995	7619804
alterations in superoxide dismutase and catalase in fusarium oxysporum during starvation-induced differentiation.	vegetative hyphae of fusarium oxysporum differentiate into chlamydospore by triggering with carbon-starvation. the current changes in the cellular detoxifying defenses against superoxide and hydrogen peroxide: superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase, were examined. although there was a little change in catalase, a dramatic change in sod was observed during the differentiation. in vegetative hyphae of f. oxysporum f. sp. raphani, three isozymes of sod, all of which were not inhibited by hydrogen ...	1995	7626660
treatment of central venous catheter-related fungemia due to fusarium oxysporum.	we report a case of fusarium oxysporum fungemia that was related to the presence of a central venous catheter and was confirmed by quantitative cultures and scanning electron microscopy of the catheter hub, subcutaneous segment and cuff, and tip. despite progressive neutropenia, the infection responded to antifungal therapy within 1 day after the catheter was removed. the removal of the catheter could have contributed to the patient's early favorable response.	1995	7756502
production of chitinase by fusarium species.	the presence of chitinase activity without inducers in the enzymic precipitates from the culture fluid of 25-day-old autolyzed cultures of 17 fusarium species has been studied. in all cases endochitinase and beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase activities were found. the chitinase activity as a joint action of these two enzymes with production of n-acetylglucosamine was also determined. a correlation among endochitinase, beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase, and chitinase was always found. fusarium oxysporum f. ...	1995	7766156
purification and properties of fructosyl lysine oxidase from fusarium oxysporum s-1f4.	fructosyl lysine oxidase (flod) was examined for its use in the enzymatic measurement of the level of glycated albumin in blood serum. to isolate microorganisms having such an enzyme activity, we used n epsilon-fructosyl n alpha-z-lysine (epsilon-fl) as a sole nitrogen source in the enrichment culture medium. the isolated fungus, strain s-1f4, showed a high flod activity in the cell-free extract and was identified as fusarium oxysporum. flod was purified to an apparent homogeneity on sds-page. t ...	1995	7766189
partial characterization of chitinolytic enzymes from streptomyces albidoflavus.	streptomyces albidoflavus nrrl b-16746 secreted three types of chitinolytic enzymes: n-acetyl-glucosaminidase, chitobiosidase and endochitinase. optimal activity for all three types of enzymes occurred at ph 4-6; however 55-74% of the chitobiosidase and endochitinase activity was detectable at ph 8-10. chitobiosidase activity originated from two strongly acidic (pi < 3.0) proteins with molecular mass of 27 kda and 34 kda, while endochitinase activity originated from five major acidic proteins (p ...	1995	7766226
cloning and characterisation of a gene encoding a cuticle-degrading protease from the insect pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae.	metarhizium anisophilae (ma) secretes a range of proteases when grown in vitro on insect cuticle. a trypsin-like serine protease, pr2, was purified from culture filtrates by anion exchange chromatography and the n-terminal sequence determined. using oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes based on this sequence and that of the highly conserved trypsin active site, a gene was isolated from a lambda embl3 genomic library of ma isolate me1. sequencing of the gene and rt-pcr revealed that the gene contains ...	1995	8529882
skippy, a retrotransposon from the fungal plant pathogen fusarium oxysporum.	a retrotransposon from the fungal plant pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici has been isolated and characterized. the element, designated skippy (skp) is 7846 bp in length, flanked by identical long terminal repeats (ltr) of 429 bp showing structural features characteristic of retroviral and retrotransposon ltrs. target-site duplications of 5 bp were found. two long overlapping open reading frames (orf) were identified. the first orf, 2562 bp in length, shows homology to retroviral gag ...	1995	8544829
[isolation of protoplasts from vegetable tissues using extracellular lytic enzymes from fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis].	fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis, a pathogen of melon (cucumis melo l.), was grown in shaken cultures at 26 degrees c in a mineral salts medium containing glucose, xylan and apple pectin as carbon sources. the extracellular enzymic complex obtained from these cultures showed lytic activity on plant tissues, causing maceration of melon fruits, potato tubers and carrot roots. protoplasts were isolated from melon fruits when the maceration was carried out under appropriate osmotic conditions. this ...	1995	8850131
cell wall synthesis in cotton roots after infection with fusarium oxysporum. the deposition of callose, arabinogalactans, xyloglucans, and pectic components into walls, wall appositions, cell plates and plasmodesmata.	fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum penetration hyphae infect living cells in the meristematic zone of cotton (gossypium barbadense l.) roots. we characterized wall modifications induced by the fungus during infection of the protodermis using antibodies against callose, arabinogalactan-proteins, xyloglucan, pectin, polygalacturonic acid and rhamnogalacturonan i in high-pressure frozen, freeze-substituted root tissue. using quantitative immunogold labelling we compared the cell walls before and ...	1995	8580765
genetic duplication in fusarium oxysporum.	genomic clones hybridizing to anonymous, single-copy sequences were used to probe chromosome-sized dnas of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. as expected, most clones hybridized to single chromosome bands. however, two of eight "single-copy" clones hybridized to two chromosomes in some, but not all, of 14 isolates examined. this observation suggests a degree of genetic duplication in the fungus and is consistent with recent electrophoretic karyotype ...	1995	8590469