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effect of 2,4-d and isoproturon on chromosomal disturbances during mitotic division in root tip cells of triticum aestivum l.the widespread use of the herbicides for weed control and crop productivity in modern agriculture exert a threat on economically important crops by way of cytological damage to the cells of the crop plant or side effects, if any, induced by the herbicides. in the present communication, author describes the effects of 2,4-d and isoproturon on chromosomal morphology in mitotic cells of triticum aestivum l. the wheat seedlings were treated with range of concentrations (50-1200 ppm) of 2,4-d and iso ...201320480806
lead (pb)-induced biochemical and ultrastructural changes in wheat (triticum aestivum) roots.the focus of the present study was to explore lead (pb)-induced metabolic alterations vis-à-vis ultrastructural changes in wheat roots to establish pb toxicity syndrome at a structural level. pb (50-500 μm) enhanced malondialdehyde (an indicator of lipid peroxidation) and hydrogen peroxide content, and electrolyte leakage, thereby suggesting reactive oxygen species-induced disruption of membrane integrity and oxidative stress in wheat roots. the activities of superoxide dismutases and catalases ...201322231903
differential protection of ethylenediurea (edu) against ambient ozone for five cultivars of tropical wheat.the antiozonant edu (ethylenediurea) was used to assess the impact of ambient o(3) under field conditions on five cultivars of tropical wheat (triticum aestivum l.). edu solution (0 ppm and 400 ppm) was applied as soil drench (100 ml plant(-1)) 10 days after germination (dag) at an interval of 12 days. edu-treated plants showed significant increments in stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, variable fluorescence, total chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, proline and protein contents and protective ...201319386404
mapping of quantitative trait loci for grain iron and zinc concentration in diploid a genome wheat.micronutrients, especially iron (fe) and zinc (zn), are deficient in the diets of people in underdeveloped countries. biofortification of food crops is the best approach for alleviating the micronutrient deficiencies. identification of germplasm with high grain fe and zn and understanding the genetic basis of their accumulation are the prerequisites for manipulation of these micronutrients. some wild relatives of wheat were found to have higher grain fe and zn concentrations compared with the cu ...201319520762
modeling nitrogen and water management effects in a wheat-maize double-cropping system.excessive n and water use in agriculture causes environmental degradation and can potentially jeopardize the sustainability of the system. a field study was conducted from 2000 to 2002 to study the effects of four n treatments (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg n ha(-1) per crop) on a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and maize (zea mays l.) double cropping system under 70 +/- 15% field capacity in the north china plain (ncp). the root zone water quality model (rzwqm), with the crop estimation through resource ...201318948476
[comparative characteristic of triticum aestivum/triticum durum and triticum aestivum/triticum dicoccum hybrid lines by genomic composition and resistance to fungal diseases under different environmental conditions].the genetic diversity of common wheat hybrid lines triticum aestivum/triticum durum and triticum aestivum/triticum dicoccum (2n = 42, f(6-7)) using chromosome-specific microsatellite (ssr) markers and c-staining of chromosomes was studied. cluster analysis of data obtained by 42 ssr markers indicated that the hybrid lines can be broken into three groups according to their origin. there were two cases of complete genetic similarity between lines 183(2)-2/184(1)-6 and-208-3/213-1, which were obtai ...201325470928
[a comparative genetic and cytogenetic mapping of wheat chromosome 5b using introgression lines].the genetic map of chromosome 5b has been constructed by using microsatellite (ssr) analysis of 381 plants from the f2 population produced by cross of the chinese spring (cs) and renan cultivars. initially, 180 ssr markers for the common wheat 5b chromosome have been used for analysis of these cultivars. the 32 markers able to detect polymorphism between these cultivars have been located on the genetic map of chromosome 5b. cytogenetic mapping has involved a set of cs 5b chromosome deletion line ...201325438598
citrus allergy from pollen to clinical symptoms.allergy to citrus fruits is often associated with pollinosis and sensitization to other plants due to a phenomenon of cross-reactivity. the aims of the present study were to highlight the cross-reactivity among citrus and the major allergenic pollens/fruits, throughout clinical and molecular investigations, and to evaluate the sensitization frequency to citrus fruits in a population of children and adults with pollinosis. we found a relevant percentage of sensitisation (39%) to citrus fruits in ...201323308273
effect of lead stress on mineral content and growth of wheat (triticum aestivum) and spinach (spinacia oleracea) seedlings.lead (pb) is the most common heavy metal contaminant in the environment. pb is not an essential element for plants, but they absorb it when it is present in their environment, especially in rural areas when the soil is polluted by automotive exhaust and in fields contaminated with fertilizers containing heavy metal impurities. to investigate lead effects on nutrient uptake and metabolism, two plant species, spinach (spinacia oleracea) and wheat (triticum aestivum), were grown under hydroponic co ...201323961216
protective role of a methanolic extract of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) against pb toxicity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings: beneficial effects for a plant of a nutraceutical used with animals.spinach extracts contain powerful natural antioxidants and have been used to improve the response of animal cells to various stress factors. the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a methanolic extract of spinach (se) used at two concentrations (21.7 and 217 ppm) on the growth, certain enzymes and antioxidant systems in wheat seedlings under lead stress. when wheat seedlings were grown for 7 days in a solution containing pb(no3)2 (3 mm), germination and growth were impaired, wh ...201323645001
uptake and translocation of ti from nanoparticles in crops and wetland plants.bioavailability of engineered metal nanoparticles affects uptake in plants, impacts on ecosystems, and phytoremediation. we studied uptake and translocation of ti in plants when the main source of this metal was tio2 nanoparticles. two crops (phaseolus vulgaris (bean) and triticum aestivum (wheat)), a wetland species (rumex crispus, curly dock), and the floating aquatic plant (elodea canadensis, canadian waterweed), were grown in nutrient solutions with tio2 nanoparticles (0, 6, 18 mmol ti l(-1) ...201323487992
cloning and characterization of endo-β-1,4-glucanase genes in the common wheat line three pistils.in this work, we report the cloning and characterization of endo-β-1,4-glucanase (egase) genes (taeg) in the common wheat line three pistils. three taeg homoeologous genes (taeg-4a, taeg-4b and taeg-4d) were isolated and found to be located on chromosomes 4al, 4bs and 4ds, respectively. the three genes showed high conservation of their coding nucleotide sequences and 3 untranslated region. the putative taeg protein had a molecular mass of 69 kda, a theoretical pi of 9.39 and a transmembrane doma ...201324130448
unique and conserved micrornas in wheat chromosome 5d revealed by next-generation sequencing.micrornas are a class of short, non-coding, single-stranded rnas that act as post-transcriptional regulators in gene expression. mirna analysis of triticum aestivum chromosome 5d was performed on 454 gs flx titanium sequences of flow-sorted chromosome 5d with a total of 3,208,630 good quality reads representing 1.34x and 1.61x coverage of the short (5ds) and long (5dl) arms of the chromosome respectively. in silico and structural analyses revealed a total of 55 mirnas; 48 and 42 mirnas were foun ...201323936103
genetic dissection of yield and its component traits using high-density composite map of wheat chromosome 3a: bridging gaps between qtls and underlying genes.earlier we identified wheat (triticum aestivum l.) chromosome 3a as a major determinant of grain yield and its component traits. in the present study, a high-density genetic linkage map of 81 chromosome 3a-specific markers was developed to increase the precision of previously identified yield component qtls, and to map qtls for biomass-related traits. many of the previously identified qtls for yield and its component traits were confirmed and were localized to narrower intervals. four novel qtls ...201323894667
evidence for adaptive evolution of low-temperature stress response genes in a pooideae grass ancestor.adaptation to temperate environments is common in the grass subfamily pooideae, suggesting an ancestral origin of cold climate adaptation. here, we investigated substitution rates of genes involved in low-temperature-induced (lti) stress responses to test the hypothesis that adaptive molecular evolution of lti pathway genes was important for pooideae evolution. substitution rates and signatures of positive selection were analyzed using 4330 gene trees including three warm climate-adapted species ...201323701123
[optimized condition for protoplast isolation from maize, wheat and rice leaves].maize (zea mays l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) are three staple crops and accordingly it is very meaningful to optimize the condition of their protoplasts isolation. the concentration of the enzyme, the time of isolation and centrifugal force in protoplast isolation were investigated to find their effects on protoplast yield and viability using leaves of maize (zong 3), wheat (chinese spring) and rice (nipponbare). the results show that the concentration of the enzy ...201323697167
diversity analysis of biocontrol bacillus isolated from rhizospheric soil of rice-wheat (oryza sativa-triticum aestivum l.) at india. 201323695416
a radiation hybrid map of chromosome 1d reveals synteny conservation at a wheat speciation locus.the species cytoplasm specific (scs) genes affect nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions in interspecific hybrids. a radiation hybrid (rh) mapping population of 188 individuals was employed to refine the location of the scs (ae) locus on triticum aestivum chromosome 1d. "wheat zapper," a comparative genomics tool, was used to predict synteny between wheat chromosome 1d, oryza sativa, brachypodium distachyon, and sorghum bicolor. a total of 57 markers were developed based on synteny or literature and g ...201323479086
leaching and utilization of nitrogen during a spring wheat catch crop succession.an experiment covering a 2-yr spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) catch crop succession was conducted in lysimeters to account for the losses of n due to leaching. we sought to relate these losses to the n uptake of the main crop and to integrate the estimated n loss and uptake into a balance. the non-winter hardy catch crops [yellow mustard (sinapis alba l.), phacelia (phacelia tanacetifolia benth), and sunflower (helianthus annuus l.)] as well as bare soil fallow were studied at low and high n ...201319465716
effects of pulses of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in wheat and rice.systems for exposing plants to elevated concentrations of co₂ may expose plants to pulses of co₂ concentrations considerably above the control set point. the importance of such pulses to plant function is unknown. single leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum cv choptank) and rice (oryza sativa cv akitakomachi) were exposed for 30 minutes to pulses of elevated co₂ similar to the frequency, duration and magnitude of pulses observed in free-air co₂ enrichment systems. stomatal conductance decreased wi ...201323368841
more spikelets1 is required for spikelet fate in the inflorescence of brachypodium.grasses produce florets on a structure called a spikelet, and variation in the number and arrangement of both branches and spikelets contributes to the great diversity of grass inflorescence architecture. in brachypodium (brachypodium distachyon), the inflorescence is an unbranched spike with a terminal spikelet and a limited number of lateral spikelets. spikelets are indeterminate and give rise to a variable number of florets. here, we provide a detailed description of the stages of inflorescen ...201323355632
transposon-mediated alteration of tamate1b expression in wheat confers constitutive citrate efflux from root apices.the tamate1b gene (for multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) from wheat (triticum aestivum) was isolated and shown to encode a citrate transporter that is located on the plasma membrane. tamate1b expression in roots was induced by iron deficiency but not by phosphorus deficiency or aluminum treatment. the coding region of tamate1b was identical in a genotype showing citrate efflux from root apices (cv carazinho) to one that lacked citrate efflux (cv egret). however, sequence upstream of the co ...201323204428
the necrotrophic effector sntoxa induces the synthesis of a novel phytoalexin in wheat.stagonospora nodorum and pyrenophora tritici-repentis produce the effector toxa that interacts with the dominant susceptibility gene in wheat, tsn1. however, the way in which toxa induces cell death and causes disease is unclear. here, we performed comprehensive metabolite profiling of toxa-infiltrated wheat (triticum aestivum) to observe the secondary metabolite response to this effector. a strong induction of secondary metabolism subsequent to sntoxa infiltration was observed, including the mo ...201323782173
resequencing and comparative genomics of stagonospora nodorum: sectional gene absence and effector discovery.stagonospora nodorum is an important wheat (triticum aestivum) pathogen in many parts of the world, causing major yield losses. it was the first species in the large fungal dothideomycete class to be genome sequenced. the reference genome sequence (sn15) has been instrumental in the discovery of genes encoding necrotrophic effectors that induce disease symptoms in specific host genotypes. here we present the genome sequence of two further s. nodorum strains (sn4 and sn79) that differ in their ef ...201323589517
the usefulness of fungicide mixtures and alternation for delaying the selection for resistance in populations of mycosphaerella graminicola on winter wheat: a modeling analysis.a fungicide resistance model (reported and tested previously) was amended to describe the development of resistance in mycosphaerella graminicola populations in winter wheat (triticum aestivum) crops in two sets of fields, connected by spore dispersal. the model was used to evaluate the usefulness of concurrent, alternating, or mixture use of two high-resistance-risk fungicides as resistance management strategies. we determined the effect on the usefulness of each strategy of (i) fitness costs o ...201323384858
functional characterization of penicillium occitanis pol6 and penicillium funiculosum gh11 xylanases.xylanases are hemicellulolytic enzymes, which are responsible for the degradation of heteroxylans constituting the lignocellulosic plant cell wall. xylanases from the gh11 family are considered as true xylanases because of their high substrate specificity. in order to study in depth a crucial difference in the thumb region between two closely related xylanases from penicillium in terms of kinetic parameters and inhibition sensitivity, the gh11 xylanases from penicillium occitanis pol6 (poxyn3) a ...201323791774
functional, structural and phylogenetic analysis of domains underlying the al sensitivity of the aluminum-activated malate/anion transporter, taalmt1.triticum aestivum aluminum-activated malate transporter (taalmt1) is the founding member of a unique gene family of anion transporters (almts) that mediate the efflux of organic acids. a small sub-group of root-localized almts, including taalmt1, is physiologically associated with in planta aluminum (al) resistance. taalmt1 exhibits significant enhancement of transport activity in response to extracellular al. in this study, we integrated structure-function analyses of structurally altered taalm ...201324188189
global diversity and distribution of three necrotrophic effectors in phaeosphaeria nodorum and related species.population genetic and phylogenetic studies have shown that phaeosphaeria nodorum is a member of a species complex that probably shares its center of origin with wheat (triticum aestivum and triticum durum). we examined the evolutionary histories of three known necrotrophic effectors (nes) produced by p. nodorum and compared them with neutral loci. we screened over 1000 individuals for the presence/absence of each effector and assigned each individual to a multi-effector genotype. diversity at e ...201323550706
expression and in silico characterization of phenylalanine ammonium lyase against karnal bunt (tilletia indica) in wheat (triticum aestivum).to investigate the lignifications process and its physiological significance under karnal bunt (kb), the changes in enzymes responsible for lignifications likes, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal), were determined in resistant (hd-29) and susceptible genotype (wh-542) of wheat during different developmental stages. the pal gene was cloned and sequenced. the expression of pal gene was measured by means of semi-quantitative rt-pcr. the enzyme was expressed constitutively in both the susceptible and ...201324497728
investigations on the biological activity of tylopilus felleus (bull. ex fr.) p. karst. by means of phytobiological tests.the effect of the undialysed (nd) aqueous fraction prepared from the fruitbodies of tylopilus felleus and of actinomycin c on the biosynthesis of dna in the seedling roots of triticum vulgare and on the increase of their mass was investigated. the content of dna (expressed in mug) in the determined amount of the seedling roots of triticum vulgare after treating of material with the nd fraction, was 9-1--23-3% higher than in the control. the investigated fraction inhibited the increase of the mas ...201354908
a non-additive interaction in a single locus causes a very short root phenotype in wheat.non-additive allelic interactions underlie over dominant and under dominant inheritance, which explain positive and negative heterosis. these heteroses are often observed in the aboveground traits, but rarely reported in root. we identified a very short root (vsr) phenotype in the f1 hybrid between the common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) landrace chinese spring and synthetic wheat accession ta4152-71. when germinated in tap water, primary roots of the parental lines reached ~15 cm 10 days after ...201323381806
prevalence of gene expression additivity in genetically stable wheat allohexaploids.the reprogramming of gene expression appears as the major trend in synthetic and natural allopolyploids where expression of an important proportion of genes was shown to deviate from that of the parents or the average of the parents. in this study, we analyzed gene expression changes in previously reported, highly stable synthetic wheat allohexaploids that combine the d genome of aegilops tauschii and the ab genome extracted from the natural hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum. a comprehensive gen ...201323278496
identification of quantitative trait loci controlling grain size and shape in the d genome of synthetic hexaploid wheat lines.synthetic hexaploid wheat is an effective genetic resource for transferring agronomically important genes from aegilops tauschii to common wheat. wide variation in grain size and shape, one of the main targets for wheat breeding, has been observed among ae. tauschii accessions. to identify the quantitative trait loci (qtls) responsible for grain size and shape variation in the wheat d genome under a hexaploid genetic background, six parameters related to grain size and shape were measured using ...201324399915
expression of potential resistance genes to the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae, in wheat, triticum aestivum.the english grain aphid, sitobion avenae (f.) (homoptera: aphididae), is a dominant and destructive pest in wheat, triticum estivum l. (poales: poaceae), production regions in china and other grain-growing areas worldwide. patterns of gene expression of the s. avenae-resistant synthetic wheat line 98-10-35, the s. avenae-susceptible line1376, and their hybrid population, and the differences in segments between 98-10-35/1376 f₃ resistant plants and resistant parents of 98-10-35, as well as those ...201324205793
expression of a potato antimicrobial peptide sn1 increases resistance to take-all pathogen gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in transgenic wheat.take-all, caused by soil-borne fungus gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (ggt), is a devastating root disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. breeding resistant wheat cultivars is the most promising and reliable approach to protect wheat from take-all. currently, no resistant wheat germplasm is available to breed cultivars using traditional methods. in this study, gene transformation was carried out using snakin-1 (sn1) gene isolated from potato (solanum tuberosum) because the peptide ...201323839728
transgenic wheat expressing thinopyrum intermedium myb transcription factor timyb2r-1 shows enhanced resistance to the take-all disease.the disease take-all, caused by the fungus gaeumannomyces graminis, is one of the most destructive root diseases of wheat worldwide. breeding resistant cultivars is an effective way to protect wheat from take-all. however, little progress has been made in improving the disease resistance level in commercial wheat cultivars. myb transcription factors play important roles in plant responses to environmental stresses. in this study, an r2r3-myb gene in thinopyrum intermedium, timyb2r-1, was cloned ...201323547108
qtl for spot blotch resistance in bread wheat line saar co-locate to the biotrophic disease resistance loci lr34 and lr46.spot blotch caused by bipolaris sorokiniana is a major disease of wheat in warm and humid wheat growing regions of the world including south asian countries such as india, nepal and bangladesh. the cimmyt bread wheat line saar which carries the leaf tip necrosis (ltn)-associated rust resistance genes lr34 and lr46 has exhibited a low level of spot blotch disease in field trials conducted in asia and south america. one hundred and fourteen recombinant inbred lines (rils) of avocet (susceptible) × ...201323139144
mapping of qtl conferring resistance to sharp eyespot (rhizoctonia cerealis) in bread wheat at the adult plant growth stage.seven sharp eyespot resistance qtl were detected consistently across five environments and delimited to seven dna marker intervals, respectively, six of which were independent of plant height and heading time. sharp eyespot, caused mainly by the soil-borne fungus rhizoctonia cerealis, is one of the important diseases of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). this disease has escalated into a major threat to wheat production in some regions of the world. wheat resistance to sharp eyespot can be a po ...201323989648
the hv-sgt1 gene from haynaldia villosa contributes to resistances towards both biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the sgt1 protein is essential for r protein-mediated and pamps-triggered resistance in many plant species. here we reported the isolation and characterization of the hv-sgt1 gene from haynaldiavillosa (2n = 14, vv). analysis of the subcellular location of hv-sgt1 by transient expression of a fusion to gfp indicated its presence in the cytoplasm and nucleus. levels of hv-sgt1 transcripts were increased by inoculation with either the biotrophic pathogen blumeriagraminis dc. f. sp. tritici (bgt) or ...201324019872
molecular cytogenetic analysis of wheat - elymus repens introgression lines with resistance to fusarium head blight.elymus repens (l.) gould (2n = 6x = 42, ststststhh) is a hexaploid perennial wheatgrass species from the tribe triticeae, distantly related to bread wheat triticum aestivum l. (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd). as a potential source of resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb), e. repens was crossed to common wheat to transfer resistance genes. the progeny were advanced to homozygosity by single seed descent. a total of eight bc(1)f(9) progeny lines were selected and characterized in this study. the chromos ...201323379340
new artificial diet for continuous rearing of the bean pod borer, maruca vitrata.the bean pod borer, maruca vitrata fabricius (lepidoptera: crambidae), is a serious pantropical pest of grain legumes. a suitable artificial diet is desirable for producing uniform insects for commercial purposes or research. three previously described artificial diets, 1 newly-developed artificial diet, and cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. (fabales: fabaceae)), the natural hostplant of m. vitrata, were used for rearing m. vitrata, and the life parameters were examined. the results indicated ...201324785903
performance of elisa and pcr methods for the determination of allergens in food: an evaluation of six years of proficiency testing for soy (glycine max l.) and wheat gluten (triticum aestivum l.).for the routine detection of allergens in foods, pcr and/or elisa methods are employed. to assess the suitability of these methods, proficiency tests (pts) could be used as a valuable instrument. it is a common practice to evaluate the results with respect to the experimentally obtained robust mean without considering the actual allergen content. in the present study, an overview is given of the results of allergen pts for the determination of soy and gluten conducted by dienstleistung lebensmit ...201324144233
uv-screening of grasses by plant silica layer?uv-screening by terrestrial plants is a crucial trait since colonization of terrestrial environments has started. in general, it is enabled by phenolic substances. especially for grasses it remains unclear why plants grown under the absence of uv-b-radiation exhibit nonetheless a high uv-b-screening potential. but this may be explained by the uv-screening effect of the silicon double layer. it was shown for seedlings of soybeans (glycine max l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that enhanced sil ...201323660676
trends in agriculture in the leaseq watersheds, 1975-1995. lake erie agricultural systems for environmental quality.county-level agricultural statistics were aggregated at the watershed level to provide estimates of trends in land use and agricultural management in the maumee and sandusky river watersheds during the period 1975-1995. average farm size increased by 40% or more, but the number of farms decreased by nearly 40%; the total land area in agriculture also decreased, but only by about 7%. conservation tillage increased from virtually nothing to nearly 50% of cropland in corn (zea mays l.) and soybean ...201311837420
the pontin series of recombinant alien translocations in bread wheat: single translocations integrating combinations of bdv2, lr19 and sr25 disease-resistance genes from thinopyrum intermedium and th. ponticum.two bread wheat lines each with a translocation on chromosome 7dl from either thinopyrum intermedium (tc5 and tc14) or thinopyrum ponticum (t4m), were hybridized in a ph1b mutant background to enhance recombination between the two translocated chromosomal segments. the frequency of recombinants was high in lines derived from the larger and similar-sized translocations (tc5/t4m), but much lower when derived from different-sized translocations (tc14/t4m). recombinant translocations contained combi ...201323807636
wheat resistome in response to barley yellow dwarf virus infection.barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) caused one of the most serious virus diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. the wheat-thinopyrum intermedium translocation line yw642 carries bydv resistance gene bdv2. to explore resistant wheat resistome in response to bydv infection, we used affymetrix genechip® wheat genome arrays to analyze transcriptomes of yw642 and its susceptible parent zhong8601 at 12 and 72 h postinoculation with bydv compared to mock-inoculated controls. relative to mock-ino ...201323417744
earthworm additions affect leachate production and nitrogen losses in typical midwestern agroecosystems.earthworms affect soil structure and the movement of agrochemicals. yet, there have been few field-scale studies that quantify the effect of earthworms on dissolved nitrogen fluxes in agroecosystems. we investigated the influence of semi-annual earthworm additions on leachate production and quality in different row crop agroecosystems. chisel-till corn (zea mays l.)-soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] rotation (ct) and ridge-till corn-soybean-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) rotation (rt) plots were ar ...201314674535
field evaluation of a model for predicting nitrogen losses from drained lands.the n simulation model, drainmod-n ii, was field-tested using a 6-yr data set from an artificially drained agricultural site located in eastern north carolina. the test site is on a nearly flat sandy loam soil which is very poorly drained under natural conditions. four experimental plots, planted to a corn (zea mays)-wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-soybean (glycine max.) rotation and managed using conventional and controlled drainage, were used in model testing. water table depth, subsurface draina ...201317071872
mixed production of filamentous fungal spores for preventing soil-transmitted helminth zoonoses: a preliminary analysis.helminth zoonoses are parasitic infections shared by humans and animals, being the soil-transmitted helminths (sths) mainly caused by roundworms (ascarids) and hookworms. this study was aimed to assess the individual and/or mixed production of two helminth-antagonistic fungi, one ovicide (mucor circinelloides) and other predator (duddingtonia flagrans). fungi were grown both in petri plates and in a submerged culture (composed by water, nacl, na2hpo4 · 12 h2o, and wheat (triticum aestivum)). a f ...201323710451
mechanisms regulating grain contamination with trichothecenes translocated from the stem base of wheat (triticum aestivum) infected with fusarium culmorum.factors limiting trichothecene contamination of mature wheat grains after fusarium infection are of major interest in crop production. in addition to ear infection, systemic translocation of deoxynivalenol (don) may contribute to mycotoxin levels in grains after stem base infection with toxigenic fusarium spp. however, the exact and potential mechanisms regulating don translocation into wheat grains from the plant base are still unknown. we analyzed two wheat cultivars differing in susceptibilit ...201323758328
whole genome association mapping of fusarium head blight resistance in european winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).a total of 358 recent european winter wheat varieties plus 14 spring wheat varieties were evaluated for resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum in four separate environments. the fhb scores based on fhb incidence (type i resistance)×fhb severity (type ii resistance) indicated a wide phenotypic variation of the varieties with blue (best linear unbiased estimation) values ranging from 0.07 to 33.67. genotyping with 732 microsatellite markers re ...201323451238
cloning and characterization of thioredoxin h in the three-pistil line of common wheat.thioredoxin h (trxh) is a ubiquitous protein that reduces disulfides in target proteins, and is itself reduced by nadph-thioredoxin reductase. in the current study, the complementary dna sequence and the genomic sequence of the three-pistil (tp) line of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were obtained from spikes through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and touchdown-pcr. sequence alignment of amino acids of tptrxh then allowed for predictions of its physicochemical prop ...201323979894
structural and biochemical characterization of the cytosolic wheat cyclophilin tacypa-1.cyclophilins belong to a family of proteins that bind to the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin a (csa). several members of this protein family catalyze the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds preceding prolyl residues. the present study describes the biochemical and structural characteristics of a cytosolic cyclophilin (tacypa-1) cloned from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). purified tacypa-1 expressed in escherichia coli showed peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity, which was inhibited ...201323519664
identification of the isoamylase 3 gene in common wheat and its expression profile during the grain-filling period.in higher plants, isoamylase-type starch debranching enzyme catalyzes the α-1,6-glucosidic linkages of glycogen and phytoglycogen. we cloned an isoamylase-type starch debranching enzyme isa3 cdna sequence (2883 bp), designated as taisa3, from common wheat (triticum aestivum), using the rapid amplification of cdna ends method. the open reading frame of taisa3 was found to have 2331 bp, and its deduced amino acid sequence was found to share high similarity with those of other gramineous plant isa3 ...201323479162
molecular cloning and expression analysis of the starch-branching enzyme iii gene from common wheat (triticum aestivum ).the starch-branching enzyme (sbe) catalyzes the formation of branch points by cleaving the α-1,4 linkage in polyglucans and reattaching the chain via an α-1,6 linkage. three types of sbe isoforms (sbei, sbeii, and sbeiii) exist in higher plants, with the number of sbe isoforms being species-specific. this study isolated the sbeiii cdna sequence (3,780 bp), designated tasbeiii (accession no. jq346193), from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using the race method, revealing that the sbeiii gene ...201323344688
a cysteine in the repetitive domain of a high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit interferes with the mixing properties of wheat dough.the quality of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) for making bread is largely due to the strength and extensibility of wheat dough, which in turn is due to the properties of polymeric glutenin. polymeric glutenin consists of high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin protein subunits linked by disulphide bonds between cysteine residues. glutenin subunits differ in their effects on dough mixing properties. the research presented here investigated the effect of a specific, recently discovered, glutenin sub ...201323232769
lectin-functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly(vinyldimethyl azlactone) surface scaffolds for high avidity microbial capture.microbial exopolysaccharides (eps) play a critical and dynamic role in shaping the interactions between microbial community members and their local environment. the capture of targeted microbes using surface immobilized lectins that recognize specific extracellular oligosaccharide moieties offers a nondestructive method for functional characterization of eps content. in this report, we evaluate the use of the block copolymer, poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-block-4,4-dimethyl-2-vinylazlactone (pgma- ...201324003861
lactoferrin-derived resistance against plant pathogens in transgenic plants.lactoferrin (lf) is a ubiquitous cationic iron-binding milk glycoprotein that contributes to nutrition and exerts a broad-spectrum primary defense against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses in mammals. these qualities make lactoferrin protein and its antimicrobial motifs highly desirable candidates to be incorporated in plants to impart broad-based resistance against plant pathogens or to economically produce them in bulk quantities for pharmaceutical and nutritional purposes. this study int ...201323889215
dimerization and protease resistance: new insight into the function of pr-1.the group 1 pathogenesis-related (pr-1) proteins have long been considered hallmarks of hypersensitive response/defense pathways in plants, but their biochemical functions are still obscure despite resolution of the nmr/x-ray structures of several pr-1-like proteins, including p14a (the prototype pr-1). we report here the characterization of two basic pr-1 proteins (pr-1-1 and pr-1-5) recently identified from hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum). both proteins were expressed in pichia pastoris as ...201322921679
identification and characterization of the three homeologues of a new sucrose transporter in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).sucrose transporters (suts) play important roles in regulating the translocation of assimilates from source to sink tissues. identification and characterization of new suts in economically important crops such as wheat provide insights into their role in determining seed yield. to date, however, only one sut of wheat has been reported and functionally characterized. the present study reports the isolation and characterization of a new sut, designated as tasut2, and its homeologues (tasut2a, tasu ...201324237613
molecular characterization of tastop1 homoeologues and their response to aluminium and proton (h(+)) toxicity in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).aluminium (al) toxicity is considered to be one of the major constraints affecting crop productivity on acid soils. being a trait governed by multiple genes, the identification and characterization of novel transcription factors (tfs) regulating the expression of entire response networks is a very promising approach. therefore, the aim of the present study was to clone, localize, and characterize the tastop1 gene, which belongs to the zinc finger family (cys2his2 type) transcription factor, at m ...201324034075
novel natural allelic variations at the rht-1 loci in wheat.plant height is an important agronomic trait. dramatic increase in wheat yield during the "green revolution" is mainly due to the widespread utilization of the reduced height (rht)-1 gene. we analyzed the natural allelic variations of three homoeologous loci rht-a1, rht-b1, and rht-d1 in chinese wheat (triticum aestivum l.) micro-core collections and the rht-b1/d1 genotypes in over 1,500 bred cultivars and germplasms using a modified ecotilling. we identified six new rht-a1 allelic variations (r ...201323992198
the cyclophilin cyp20-2 modulates the conformation of brassinazole-resistant1, which binds the promoter of flowering locus d to regulate flowering in arabidopsis.brassinosteroids (brs) regulate many physiological processes during plant development, including flowering. however, little is known about the components of br signaling that mediate flowering. here, we report that brassinazole-resistant1 (bzr1), the conformation of which is altered by a cyclophilin (cyp20-2), binds cis-elements in the flowering locus d (fld) promoter to regulate flowering. both bzr1-1d and fld-4 showed delayed flowering. electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immuno ...201323897924
introducing a new breed of wine yeast: interspecific hybridisation between a commercial saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast and saccharomyces mikatae.interspecific hybrids are commonplace in agriculture and horticulture; bread wheat and grapefruit are but two examples. the benefits derived from interspecific hybridisation include the potential of generating advantageous transgressive phenotypes. this paper describes the generation of a new breed of wine yeast by interspecific hybridisation between a commercial saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeast strain and saccharomyces mikatae, a species hitherto not associated with industrial fermentation e ...201323614011
a phosphate starvation response regulator ta-phr1 is involved in phosphate signalling and increases grain yield in wheat.phosphorus deficiency is a major limiting factor for crop yield worldwide. previous studies revealed that phr1 and it homologues play a key role in regulating the phosphate starvation response in plants. however, the function of phr homologues in common wheat (triticum aestivum) is still not fully understood. the aim of the study was to characterize the function of phr1 genes in regulating phosphate signalling and plant growth in wheat.201323589634
functional analyses of tahma2, a p(1b)-type atpase in wheat.currently, there are few studies concerning the function of heavy metal atpase 2 (hma2), particularly in monocotyledons, and the potential application of this protein in biofortification and phytoremediation. thus, we isolated and characterized the tahma2 gene from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). our results indicate that tahma2 is localized to the plasma membrane and stably expressed, except in the nodes, which showed relatively high expression. zinc/cadmium (zn/cd) resistance was observed in tah ...201323294838
skp1-like-related genes interact with various f-box proteins and may form scf complexes with cullin-f-box proteins in wheat.s-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (skp1), a core component of the skp1-cullin-f-box (scf) e3 ubiquitin ligase complex, functions as an adaptor protein, connecting cullin and f-box proteins. skp1 plays crucial roles in cell-cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, flower formation, signal transduction, and many other cellular processes. skp1-like genes have been largely unstudied in wheat. here, we isolated six wheat skp1-like (taskp) genes from common wheat (triticum aestivum) and analyz ...201323065282
an immunofluorescence assay for the detection of wheat rust species using monoclonal antibody against urediniospores of puccinia triticina.wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important crop species, but yields are often drastically reduced by rust epidemics. in this report, we describe a rapid and sensitive immunofluorescence method for the detection of urediniospores of the fungi puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, puccinia triticina and puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, which are causal agents of wheat rust.201323795944
molecular mapping of leaf rust resistance gene lrnj97 in chinese wheat line neijiang 977671.neijiang 977671 and 19 near-isogenic lines with known leaf rust resistance genes were inoculated with 12 pathotypes of puccinia triticina for postulation of leaf rust resistance genes effective at the seedling stage. the reaction pattern of neijiang 977671 differed from those of the lines with known leaf rust resistance genes used in the test, indicating that neijiang 977671 may carry a new leaf rust resistance gene(s). with the objective of identifying and mapping the new gene for resistance to ...201323689746
fine mapping of leaf rust resistance gene lrzh84 using expressed sequence tag and sequence-tagged site markers, and allelism with other genes on wheat chromosome 1b.zhou 8425b, possessing the leaf rust resistance gene lrzh84, is an elite wheat (triticum aestivum) parental line in the yellow-huai valley region of china. in the present study, 2,086 f(2) plants derived from zhou 8425b/chinese spring were used for fine mapping of lrzh84 with expressed sequence tag (est) and sequence-tagged site (sts) markers. seventy inter-simple sequence repeat est and sts markers on 1bl were used to screen the two parents and resistant and susceptible bulks; those polymorphic ...201323113548
long non-coding genes implicated in response to stripe rust pathogen stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the non-protein-coding genes have been reported as a critical control role in the regulation of gene expression in abiotic stress. we previously identified four expressed sequence tags numbered s18 (el773024), s73 (el773035), s106 (el773041) and s108 (el773042) from a ssh-cdna library of bread wheat shaanmai 139 infected with puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst). here, we isolated four cdna clones and referred them as talncrna18, talncrna73, talncrna106 and talncrna108 (genbank: kc549675-kc ...201324065539
quantitative plant resistance in cultivar mixtures: wheat yellow rust as a modeling case study.unlike qualitative plant resistance, which confers immunity to disease, quantitative resistance confers only a reduction in disease severity and this can be nonspecific. consequently, the outcome of its deployment in cultivar mixtures is not easy to predict, as on the one hand it may reduce the heterogeneity of the mixture, but on the other it may induce competition between nonspecialized strains of the pathogen. to clarify the principles for the successful use of quantitative plant resistance i ...201323875842
enhanced resistance to stripe rust disease in transgenic wheat expressing the rice chitinase gene rc24.stripe rust is a devastating fungal disease of wheat worldwide which is primarily caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici. transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) expressing rice class chitinase gene rc24 were developed by particle bombardment of immature embryos and tested for resistance to puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici. under greenhouse and field conditions. putative transformants were selected on kanamycin-containing media. polymease chain reaction indicated that rc24 was transferred ...201323529204
taabc1, a member of abc1-like family involved in hypersensitive response against the stripe rust fungal pathogen in wheat.to search for genes involved in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) defense response to the infection of stripe rust pathogen puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), we identified and cloned a new wheat gene similar to the genes in the abc1-like gene family. the new gene, designated as taabc1, encodes a 717-amino acid, 80.35 kd protein. the taabc1 protein contains two conserved domains shared by abc1-like proteins, two trans-membrane domains at the c-terminal, and a 36-amino acid chloroplast targeti ...201323527058
isolation and characterization of a wheat if2 homolog required for innate immunity to stripe rust.the wheat eif2 homolog, taif2, is induced by the stripe rust pathogen cyr 32 at an early stage of inoculation and is related to the innate immunity resistance level in wheat. the initiation of translation represents a critical control point in the regulation of gene expression in all organisms. we previously identified an upregulated est s186 (el773056) from an ssh-cdna library of the shaanmai 139 strain of wheat (triticum aestivum) infected with puccinia striiformis (pst). in the present work, ...201323397275
molecular mapping of yr53, a new gene for stripe rust resistance in durum wheat accession pi 480148 and its transfer to common wheat.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. it is essential to identify new genes for effective resistance against the disease. durum wheat pi 480148, originally from ethiopia, was resistant in all seedling tests with several predominant pst races in the us under controlled greenhouse conditions and at multiple locations subject to natural infection for several years. to map the resistance gene(s) and to transfer it t ...201323090143
rye pm8 and wheat pm3 are orthologous genes and show evolutionary conservation of resistance function against powdery mildew.the improvement of wheat through breeding has relied strongly on the use of genetic material from related wild and domesticated grass species. the 1rs chromosome arm from rye was introgressed into wheat and crossed into many wheat lines, as it improves yield and fungal disease resistance. pm8 is a powdery mildew resistance gene on 1rs which, after widespread agricultural cultivation, is now widely overcome by adapted mildew races. here we show by homology-based cloning and subsequent physical an ...201324124925
genetic analysis and detection of the gene mllx99 on chromosome 2bl conferring resistance to powdery mildew in the wheat cultivar liangxing 99.the effectiveness of wheat cultivar liangxing 99 against powdery mildew was shown to be controlled by a single dominant gene located on a new locus of chromosome 2bl in the bin 2bl2-0.35-0.50. liangxing 99, one of the most widely grown commercial cultivars in the winter wheat (triticum aestivum) producing regions in northern china, was shown to provide a broad spectrum of resistance to blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) isolates originating from that region. using an f2 population and f2:3 l ...201324061485
lipid metabolism is differentially modulated by salicylic acid and heptanoyl salicylic acid during the induction of resistance in wheat against powdery mildew.heptanoyl salicylic acid (hsa) is a salicylic acid (sa) derivative obtained by esterification of 2-oh benzoic acid with heptanoic acid. in wheat, the protection levels obtained against blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) increased from 50% with sa to 95% with hsa. using molecular, biochemical and cytological approaches, we investigated here how wheat lipid metabolism is differentially activated by sa and hsa in both infectious and non-infectious conditions, and how bgt infectious process is a ...201323880093
the wheat powdery mildew genome shows the unique evolution of an obligate biotroph.wheat powdery mildew, blumeria graminis forma specialis tritici, is a devastating fungal pathogen with a poorly understood evolutionary history. here we report the draft genome sequence of wheat powdery mildew, the resequencing of three additional isolates from different geographic regions and comparative analyses with the barley powdery mildew genome. our comparative genomic analyses identified 602 candidate effector genes, with many showing evidence of positive selection. we characterize patte ...201323852167
molecular cytogenetic characterization of a new wheat-rye 4r chromosome translocation line resistant to powdery mildew.rye is an important and valuable gene resource for wheat improvement. however, due to extensive growing of cultivars with disease resistance genes from short arm of rye chromosome 1r and coevolution of pathogen virulence and host resistance, these cultivars successively lost resistance to pathogens. identification and deployment of new resistance gene sources in rye are, therefore, of especial importance and urgency. a new wheat-rye line, designated as wr41-1, was produced through distant hybrid ...201323836161
the gene sr33, an ortholog of barley mla genes, encodes resistance to wheat stem rust race ug99.wheat stem rust, caused by the fungus puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, afflicts bread wheat (triticum aestivum). new virulent races collectively referred to as "ug99" have emerged, which threaten global wheat production. the wheat gene sr33, introgressed from the wild relative aegilops tauschii into bread wheat, confers resistance to diverse stem rust races, including the ug99 race group. we cloned sr33, which encodes a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat protein. sr33 is ortho ...201323811228
identification of the gene pm47 on chromosome 7bs conferring resistance to powdery mildew in the chinese wheat landrace hongyanglazi.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), is an important disease that causes substantial yield losses in wheat (triticum aestivum) in china and other parts of the world. this foliar disease can be effectively managed by host resistance. the chinese landrace hongyanglazi from shaanxi province is highly resistant to many bgt isolates at the seedling stage. genetic analysis using an f2:3 population derived from a cross between hongyanglazi and susceptible cultivar zhongzuo ...201323429903
pmx: a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene at the pm4 locus identified in wheat landrace xiaohongpi.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat and imposes a constant challenge on wheat breeders. xiaohongpi, a chinese landrace of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), shows resistance to powdery mildew during the entire growth stage in the field and under controlled conditions. the f1 plants from cross of the powdery mildew susceptible cultivar yangmai158 with xiaohongpi were susceptible to isolate bgt19, the locally most pre ...201323400828
lipids as markers of induced resistance in wheat: a biochemical and molecular approach.our work aimed at a global investigation of the lipid metabolism during the induction of resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) against powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici). more specifically, the effect of salicylic acid, known as playing a key role in the activation of defence reactions against pathogens in plants, has been investigated. after salicylic acid infiltration, accumulation of phosphatidic acid was observed that could be due to the phospholipase c pathway since an up-re ...201325151821
molecular and phenotypic characterization of seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance in a world wheat collection.genetic resistance is the most effective approach to managing wheat leaf rust. the aim of this study was to characterize seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance of a world wheat collection. using controlled inoculation with ten races of puccinia triticina, 14 seedling resistance genes were determined or postulated to be present in the collection. lr1, lr3, lr10 and lr20 were the most prevalent genes around the world while lr9, lr14b, lr3ka and/or lr30 and lr26 were rare. to confirm some ge ...201324078786
identification and mapping in spring wheat of genetic factors controlling stem rust resistance and the study of their epistatic interactions across multiple environments.stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is responsible for major production losses in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) around the world. the spread of stem rust race ug99 and variants is a threat to worldwide wheat production and efforts are ongoing to identify and incorporate resistance. the objectives of this research were to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) and to study their epistatic interactions for stem rust resistance in a population derived from the canadian wheat culti ...201323649649
simultaneous transfer, introgression, and genomic localization of genes for resistance to stem rust race ttksk (ug99) from aegilops tauschii to wheat.wheat production is currently threatened by widely virulent races of the wheat stem rust fungus, puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, that are part of the ttksk (also known as 'ug99') race group. the diploid d genome donor species aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14, dd) is a readily accessible source of resistance to ttksk and its derivatives that can be transferred to hexaploid wheat, triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd). to expedite transfer of ttksk resistance from ae. tauschii, a direct hybrid ...201323377571
development and characterization of a compensating wheat-thinopyrum intermedium robertsonian translocation with sr44 resistance to stem rust (ug99).the emergence of the highly virulent ug99 race complex of the stem rust fungus (puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici eriks. and henn.) threatens wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production worldwide. one of the effective genes against the ug99 race complex is sr44, which was derived from thinopyrum intermedium (host) barkworth and d.r. dewey and mapped to the short arm of 7j (designated 7j#1s) present in the noncompensating t7ds-7j#1l∙7j#1s translocation. noncompensating wheat-alien translocations ...201323358862
comparative genome analysis between agrostis stolonifera and members of the pooideae subfamily, including brachypodium distachyon.creeping bentgrass (agrostis stolonifera, allotetraploid 2n = 4x = 28) is one of the major cool-season turfgrasses. it is widely used on golf courses due to its tolerance to low mowing and aggressive growth habit. in this study, we investigated genome relationships of creeping bentgrass relative to the triticeae (a consensus map of triticum aestivum, t. tauschii, hordeum vulgare, and h. spontaneum), oat, rice, and ryegrass maps using a common set of 229 est-rflp markers. the genome comparisons b ...201324244501
durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) lines show different abilities to form masked mycotoxins under greenhouse conditions.deoxynivalenol (don) is the most prevalent trichothecene in europe and its occurrence is associated with infections of fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum, causal agents of fusarium head blight (fhb) on wheat. resistance to fhb is a complex character and high variability occurs in the relationship between don content and fhb incidence. don conjugation to glucose (don-3-glucoside, d3g) is the primary plant mechanism for resistance towards don accumulation. although this mechanism has been alread ...201324368326
quantitative trait loci-dependent analysis of a gene co-expression network associated with fusarium head blight resistance in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum schwabe is one of the most prevalent diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and other small grain cereals. resistance against the fungus is quantitative and more than 100 quantitative trait loci (qtl) have been described. two well-validated and highly reproducible qtl, fhb1 and qfhs.ifa-5a have been widely investigated, but to date the underlying genes have not been identified.201324152241
fusarium damage in cereal grains from western canada. 1. phylogenetic analysis of moniliformin-producing fusarium species and their natural occurrence in mycotoxin-contaminated wheat, oats, and rye.harvest samples of common wheat (triticum aestivum), oats (avena sativa), and rye (secale cereale) from producers in western canada were analyzed for fungal infection by toxigenic fusarium species and contamination by trichothecenes and moniliformin (mon). fusarium graminearum and f. avenaceum were the two most frequently isolated species from samples of rye and wheat collected in 2010. f. poae and f. sporotrichioides were more commonly detected in randomly selected oat seeds. other toxigenic fu ...201323683177
systematic review: the efficacy of herbal therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.complementary and alternative medicine (cam), particularly herbal therapy, is widely used by patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) but controlled data are limited.201323981095
association of jacalin-related lectins with wheat responses to stresses revealed by transcriptional profiling.jacalin-related lectins (jrls) are carbohydrate-binding proteins widely present in plants and have one or more jacalin domains in common. however, jrls' structural types and functions are still poorly understood. in the present study, a total of 67 wheat (triticum aestivum) jrl genes were identified through an exhausted search of est database coupling with genome walking using published 454 sequence reads of chinese spring. a comparison of the translated wheat jrl proteins with those from other ...201323959941
genome-wide prediction of traits with different genetic architecture through efficient variable selection.in genome-based prediction there is considerable uncertainty about the statistical model and method required to maximize prediction accuracy. for traits influenced by a small number of quantitative trait loci (qtl), predictions are expected to benefit from methods performing variable selection [e.g., bayesb or the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso)] compared to methods distributing effects across the genome [ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (rr-blup)]. we inv ...201323934883
on the cellular site of two-pore channel tpc1 action in the poaceae.the slow vacuolar (sv) channel has been characterized in different dicots by patch-clamp recordings. this channel represents the major cation conductance of the largest organelle in most plant cells. studies with the tpc1-2 mutant of the model dicot plant arabidopsis thaliana identified the sv channel as the product of the tpc1 gene. by contrast, research on rice and wheat tpc1 suggested that the monocot gene encodes a plasma membrane calcium-permeable channel. to explore the site of action of g ...201323845012
analysis of codon use features of stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene in camellia sinensis.the stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (sad) gene widely exists in all kinds of plants. in this paper, the camellia sinensis sad gene (cssad) sequence was firstly analyzed by codon w, chips, and cusp programs online, and then compared with genomes of the tea plant, other species and sad genes from 11 plant species. the results show that the cssad gene and the selected 73 of c. sinensis genes have similar codon usage bias. the cssad gene has a bias toward the synonymous codons with a and t ...201323774066
rootnav: navigating images of complex root architectures.we present a novel image analysis tool that allows the semiautomated quantification of complex root system architectures in a range of plant species grown and imaged in a variety of ways. the automatic component of rootnav takes a top-down approach, utilizing the powerful expectation maximization classification algorithm to examine regions of the input image, calculating the likelihood that given pixels correspond to roots. this information is used as the basis for an optimization approach to ro ...201323766367
planex: the plant co-expression database.the plant co-expression database (planex) is a new internet-based database for plant gene analysis. planex (http://planex.plantbioinformatics.org) contains publicly available genechip data obtained from the gene expression omnibus (geo) of the national center for biotechnology information (ncbi). planex is a genome-wide co-expression database, which allows for the functional identification of genes from a wide variety of experimental designs. it can be used for the characterization of genes for ...201323688397
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