Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| current trends in the epidemiology and outcomes of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the most frequently identified cause of nosocomial diarrhea and has been associated with epidemics of diarrhea in hospitals and long-term care facilities. the continued increase in c. difficile infection (cdi) suggests that it has surpassed other pathogens in causing healthcare-associated infections. the centers for disease control and prevention recently identified cdi as an "urgent threat" in its recent report on antibiotic resistance threats in the united states, high ... | 2015 | 25922403 |
| pathway to prevention of nosocomial clostridium difficile infection. | to address the significant morbidity and mortality rates associated with nosocomial clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad), a series of recommendations and a pathway to prevention were developed. | 2015 | 25922401 |
| a decade of experience in primary prevention of clostridium difficile infection at a community hospital using the probiotic combination lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2 (bio-k+). | in august 2003, the 284-bed community hospital pierre-le gardeur (plgh) in quebec experienced a major outbreak associated with the clostridium difficile nap1/027/bi strain. augmented standard preventive measures (spms) were not able to control this outbreak. it was decided in february 2004 to give to every adult inpatient on antibiotics, without any exclusion, a probiotic (bio-k+: lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2) within 12 hours of t ... | 2015 | 25922400 |
| lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2 (bio-k+): characterization, manufacture, mechanisms of action, and quality control of a specific probiotic combination for primary prevention of clostridium difficile infection. | a specific probiotic formulation composed of lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2 (bio-k+) has been marketed in north america since 1996. the strains and the commercial products have been evaluated for safety, identity, gastrointestinal survival, and stability throughout shelf life. the capacity of both the fermented beverages and the capsules to reduce incidences of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and clostridium difficile infection (cdi) ... | 2015 | 25922399 |
| prevention of clostridium difficile infection with probiotics. | despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and prevention efforts to reduce the spread of c. difficile, cdi remains a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. further advances in prevention of cdi may need to focus on those who continue to be exposed to the organism and who are susceptible. interventions directed toward this susceptible population, particularly hospitalized patients who receive antibiotics, may be effective. there is mo ... | 2015 | 25922397 |
| clostridium difficile infection following outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. | 2015 | 25922336 | |
| colonic muc2 mucin regulates the expression and antimicrobial activity of β-defensin 2. | in this study we identified mechanisms at the colonic mucosa by which muc2 mucin regulated the production of β-defensin in a proinflammatory milieu but functionally protected susceptible bacteria from its antimicrobial effects. the regulator role of muc2 on production of β-defensin 2 in combination with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (il-1β) was confirmed using purified human colonic muc2 mucin and colonic goblet cells short hairpin rna (shrna) silenced for muc2. in vivo, muc2(-/-) ... | 2015 | 25921338 |
| delirium and other clinical factors with clostridium difficile infection that predict mortality in hospitalized patients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) severity has increased, especially among hospitalized older adults. we evaluated clinical factors to predict mortality after cdi. | 2015 | 25920706 |
| the livestock reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: a personal view on changing patterns of risks, effects of interventions and the way forward. | the purpose of this review was to provide an updated overview on the use of antimicrobial agents in livestock, the associated problems for humans and current knowledge on the effects of reducing resistance in the livestock reservoir on both human health and animal production. there is still limiting data on both use of antimicrobial agents, occurrence and spread of resistance as well as impact on human health. however, in recent years, emerging issues related to methicillin-resistant staphylococ ... | 2015 | 25918442 |
| clostridium difficile infection from a surgical perspective. | the incidence and the severity of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have increased significantly over the last decade, especially in high-risk populations such as patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). surgeons must be able to both identify and minimize the risk of cdi in their own surgical patients and determine which cdi patients will benefit from surgery. | 2015 | 25917533 |
| [the application and epidemiological research of xtag gpp multiplex pcr in the diagnosis of infectious diarrhea]. | to investigate the application value of xtag (®) gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag9(®) gpp) multiplex pcr in the early diagnosis of infectious diarrhea, and understand the epidemiology of intestinal diarrhea pathogens. | 2015 | 25916780 |
| first report of clostridium difficile nap1/027 in a mexican hospital. | clostridium difficile nap1/ribotype 027 is associated with severe disease and high mortality rates. our aim was to determine the prevalence of nap1/ribotype 027 among c. difficile isolates in a tertiary care hospital, and review the main clinical data. | 2015 | 25915544 |
| hospital management of clostridium difficile infection: a review of the literature. | the emergence of the epidemic clostridium difficile 027 strain has renewed interest in infection control practices. | 2015 | 25913648 |
| outbreak of clostridium difficile infections at an outpatient hemodialysis facility-michigan, 2012-2013. | investigation of an outbreak of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) at a hemodialysis facility revealed evidence that limited intrafacility transmission occurred despite adherence to published infection control standards for dialysis clinics. outpatient dialysis facilities should consider cdi prevention, including environmental disinfection for c. difficile, when formulating their infection control plans. | 2015 | 25913501 |
| treatment of clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. | clostridium difficile causes infections that can either remain asymptomatic or manifest as clinical disease. in this report, problems, possible solutions, and future perspectives on the treatment of c. difficile infections (cdis) in pediatric patients are discussed. cdi, despite increasing as a consequence of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, remains relatively uncommon in pediatrics mainly because younger children are poorly susceptible to the action of c. difficile toxins. in most such ca ... | 2015 | 25912469 |
| the association of hospital prevention processes and patient risk factors with the risk of clostridium difficile infection: a population-based cohort study. | clostridium difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-acquired infection; the real-world impacts of some proposed c. difficile prevention processes are unknown. | 2015 | 25911052 |
| spectrum of enteropathogens detected by the filmarray gi panel in a multicentre study of community-acquired gastroenteritis. | the european, multicentre, quarterly point-prevalence study of community-acquired diarrhoea (eucodi) analysed stool samples received at ten participating clinical microbiology laboratories (austria, finland, france, germany, greece, ireland, italy, portugal, romania, and the uk) in 2014. on four specified days, each local laboratory submitted samples from ≤20 consecutive patients to the austrian study centre for further testing with the filmarray gi panel (biofire diagnostics, salt lake city, ut ... | 2015 | 25908431 |
| microfiber cloths reduce the transfer of clostridium difficile spores to environmental surfaces compared with cotton cloths. | environmental surfaces in health care facilities contaminated with clostridium difficile spores can be a reservoir that contribute to transmission of hospital-acquired infections. microfiber cleaning cloths may improve the effectiveness of surface cleaning. the objective of this study was to assess the removal and transfer of c difficile spores on surfaces cleaned by microfiber compared with cotton cloths. | 2015 | 25907782 |
| a multi-center prospective derivation and validation of a clinical prediction tool for severe clostridium difficile infection. | prediction of severe clinical outcomes in clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is important to inform management decisions for optimum patient care. currently, treatment recommendations for cdi vary based on disease severity but validated methods to predict severe disease are lacking. the aim of the study was to derive and validate a clinical prediction tool for severe outcomes in cdi. | 2015 | 25906284 |
| antimicrobial activity of bismuth subsalicylate on clostridium difficile, escherichia coli o157:h7, norovirus, and other common enteric pathogens. | previous studies have shown bismuth subsalicylate (bss) has antimicrobial properties, but few studies have addressed the mechanism of action. furthermore, following bss ingestion other bismuth salts form throughout the gastrointestinal tract including bismuth oxychloride (biocl) that also act upon enteric pathogens. to further understand the antimicrobial activity of bismuth in infectious diarrhea, the antimicrobial effect of bss and biocl on clostridium difficile, salmonella, shigella, shiga to ... | 2015 | 25901890 |
| binaphthyl-1,2,3-triazole peptidomimetics with activity against clostridium difficile and other pathogenic bacteria. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is a problematic gram positive bacterial pathogen causing moderate to severe gastrointestinal infections. based on a lead binaphthyl-tripeptide dicationic antimicrobial, novel mono-, di- and tri-peptidomimetic analogues targeting c. difficile were designed and synthesized incorporating one, two or three d-configured cationic amino acid residues, with a common 1,2,3-triazole ester isostere at the c-terminus. copper- and ruthenium-click chemistry facilitated th ... | 2015 | 25901416 |
| current advances related to clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can trigger various responses, ranging from asymptomatic carriage to fulminant colitis. hard-to-cure cdi, such as severe cdi, multiple recurrences of cdi, refractory cdi, and hypervirulent strains of c. difficile, require new treatments, although antibiotics such as metronidazole and vancomycin are the treatment of choice for initial and first relapsing cdi. active immunization with c. difficile toxins and faecal microbiota transplantation deserve special at ... | 2015 | 25900952 |
| clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized hiv-infected individuals: epidemiology and risk factors: results from a case-control study (2002-2013). | hiv infection is a risk factor for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) yet the immune deficiency predisposing to cdi is not well understood, despite an increasing incidence of cdi among such individuals. we aimed to estimate the incidence and to evaluate the risk factors of cdi among an hiv cohort in italy. | 2015 | 25899507 |
| oral teicoplanin (targocid) and intestinal clostridium difficile infection. just another option. | 2015 | 25897455 | |
| clostridium difficile infection in the united states: a national study assessing preventive practices used and perceptions of practice evidence. | we surveyed 571 us hospitals about practices used to prevent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). most hospitals reported regularly using key cdi prevention practices, and perceived their strength of evidence as high. the largest discrepancy between regular use and perceived evidence strength occurred with antimicrobial stewardship programs. | 2015 | 25896321 |
| a new approach to recognition of clostridium difficile infections with community onset. | 2015 | 25895635 | |
| fecal transplantation to treat initial severe clostridium difficile infection with sepsis. | 2015 | 25895282 | |
| fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent clostridium difficile infection after peripheral autologous stem cell transplant for diffuse large b-cell lymphoma. | 2015 | 25893454 | |
| identification of patients at high risk for clostridium difficile infection: development and validation of a risk prediction model in hospitalized patients treated with antibiotics. | to develop and validate a prediction model for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in hospitalized patients treated with systemic antibiotics, we performed a case-cohort study in a tertiary (derivation) and secondary care hospital (validation). cases had a positive clostridium test and were treated with systemic antibiotics before suspicion of cdi. controls were randomly selected from hospitalized patients treated with systemic antibiotics. potential predictors were selected from the literatur ... | 2015 | 25889357 |
| prevalence and management of antibiotic associated diarrhea in general hospitals. | antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) is a common adverse effect of antibiotic (ab) treatment. this study aimed to measure the overall prevalence of aad (including mild to moderate diarrhea) in hospitalized ab treated patients, to investigate associated risk factors and to document aad associated diagnostic investigations, contamination control and treatment. | 2015 | 25888351 |
| risk factors associated with lower defecation frequency in hospitalized older adults: a case control study. | constipation is highly prevalent in older adults and may be associated with greater frequency of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd). we investigated the prevalence of lower defecation frequency (df) and risk factors (including aecopd) associated with lower df among hospitalized elderly patients. | 2015 | 25887756 |
| prevalence of clostridium difficile infection among solid organ transplant recipients: a meta-analysis of published studies. | several factors including antibiotic use, immunosuppression and frequent hospitalizations make solid organ transplant (sot) recipients vulnerable to clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies from 1991-2014 to estimate the prevalence of cdi in this patient population. we searched pubmed, embase and google scholar databases. among the 75,940 retrieved citations, we found 30 studies coded from 35 articles that were relevant to our study. based on these ... | 2015 | 25886133 |
| identification of toxemia in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | toxemia can develop in clostridium difficile-infected animals, and correlates with severe and fulminant disease outcomes. circumstantial evidence suggests that toxemia may occur in patients with c. difficile infection (cdi), but positive diagnosis is extremely rare. we analyzed the potential for c. difficile toxemia in patients, determined its characteristics, and assessed challenges. c. difficile toxins in serum from patients were tested using an ultrasensitive cell-based assay and further conf ... | 2015 | 25885671 |
| erratum: polymerase chain reaction ribotyping of clostridium difficile isolates in qatar: a hospital-based study. | 2015 | 25884644 | |
| vancomycin enemas as adjunctive therapy for clostridium difficile infection. | for severe, complicated clostridium difficile infection (cdi), concomitant treatment with iv metronidazole and oral vancomycin is usually prescribed. sometimes vancomycin per rectum (vpr) is added to increase colonic drug delivery. our purpose was to examine clinical outcomes of patients with cdi treated with vpr and compare results to a matched control group. | 2015 | 25883704 |
| interaction of the clostridium difficile binary toxin cdt and its host cell receptor, lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (lsr). | cdt (clostridium difficile transferase) is a binary, actin adp-ribosylating toxin frequently associated with hypervirulent strains of the human enteric pathogen c. difficile, the most serious cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. cdt leads to the collapse of the actin cytoskeleton and, eventually, to cell death. low doses of cdt result in the formation of microtubule-based protrusions on the cell surface that increase the adherence and colonization of c. difficile ... | 2015 | 25882847 |
| clinical characterization and risk factors of clostridium difficile infection in elderly patients in a chinese hospital. | clostridium difficile is a common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, especially in elderly patients. this study aimed to analyze the clinical features and assess the risk factors associated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in elderly hospitalized patients. | 2015 | 25881527 |
| clostridium difficile in western romania: unfavourable outcome predictors in a hospital for infectious diseases. | the recent emergence of clostridium difficile infections has included this condition among top nosocomial infections, due to its incidence, complications and important fatality, as well as to significant economic costs. | 2015 | 25881288 |
| a randomised phase 1 study to investigate safety, pharmacokinetics and impact on gut microbiota following single and multiple oral doses in healthy male subjects of smt19969, a novel agent for clostridium difficile infections. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a leading cause of diarrhoea in health care settings with symptoms ranging from mild and self-limiting to life threatening. smt19969 is a novel, non-absorbable antibiotic currently under development for the treatment of cdi. here we report the results from a phase i study. | 2015 | 25880933 |
| stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit: an international survey of 97 units in 11 countries. | stress ulcer prophylaxis (sup) may decrease the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients in the intensive care unit (icu), but the risk of infection may be increased. in this study, we aimed to describe sup practices in adult icus. we hypothesised that patient selection for sup varies both within and between countries. | 2015 | 25880349 |
| high mortality risk in chronic kidney disease and end stage kidney disease patients with clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the mortality risk in patients with chronic kidney diseases (ckd) and end stage renal disease (esrd) requiring dialysis with clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2015 | 25879082 |
| optimized protocol for simple extraction of high-quality genomic dna from clostridium difficile for whole-genome sequencing. | successful sequencing of the clostridium difficile genome requires high-quality genomic dna (gdna) as the starting material. gdna extraction using conventional methods is laborious. we describe here an optimized method for the simple extraction of c. difficile gdna using the qiaamp dna minikit, which yielded high-quality sequence reads on the illumina miseq platform. | 2015 | 25878343 |
| engineered biosynthesis of enduracidin lipoglycopeptide antibiotics using the ramoplanin mannosyltransferase ram29. | the lipopeptides ramoplanin from actinoplanes sp. atcc 33076 and enduracidin produced by streptomyces fungicidicus are effective antibiotics against a number of drug-resistant gram-positive pathogens. while these two antibiotics share a similar cyclic peptide structure, comprising 17 amino acids with an n-terminal fatty acid side chain, ramoplanin has a di-mannose moiety that enduracidin lacks. the mannosyl substituents of ramoplanin enhance aqueous solubility, which was important in the develop ... | 2015 | 25878261 |
| treatment of clostridium difficile infection in a french university hospital. | the management of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become very daunting over the past decade because of increased incidence and severity both in hospital and the community. guidelines recommend metronidazole, vancomycin, or fidaxomicin, depending on clinical presentation. | 2015 | 25877477 |
| in vitro activity of surotomycin against contemporary clinical isolates of toxigenic clostridium difficile strains obtained in spain. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhoea in developed countries. metronidazole and vancomycin are the mainstay of treatment, although they are associated with treatment failure and recurrence. novel agents have emerged to address these shortcomings. we investigated the in vitro activity of a novel agent, surotomycin (formerly cb-183,315), and seven other antimicrobial agents against clinical c. difficile isolates. | 2015 | 25876881 |
| sanitary status and incidence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and clostridium difficile within canadian hotel rooms. | the study described in this article aimed at establishing a baseline assessment of the sanitary status of ice and guest rooms within canadian hotels. collectively, 54 hotel rooms belonging to six different national chains were sampled. high-contact surfaces (comforter, alarm clock, bedside lamp, tv remote, bathroom countertop, faucet, and toilet seat) were sampled using adenosine triphosphate (atp) swabs and replicate organism detection and counting plates. atp swab readings ranged from 2.12 to ... | 2015 | 25876260 |
| toward a true bacteriotherapy for clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 25875262 | |
| clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 25875259 | |
| factors predicting recurrence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in hospitalized patients: retrospective study of more than 2000 patients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has increased in incidence and severity worldwide, causing direct costs estimated to range from us $3.2 billion to $4.8 billion. the aim of this study was to investigate and identify factors that predict recurrence of cdi. | 2015 | 25871748 |
| the relationship between patient functional status and environmental contamination by clostridium difficile: a pilot study. | limited data exist on patient factors related to environmental contamination with clostridium difficile. | 2015 | 25869819 |
| clostridium difficile toxin b intoxicated mouse colonic epithelial ct26 cells stimulate the activation of dendritic cells. | clostridium difficile causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis mainly through two exotoxins tcda and tcdb that target intestinal epithelial cells. dendritic cells (dcs) play an important role in regulating intestinal inflammatory responses. in the current study, we explored the interaction of tcdb-intoxicated epithelial cells with mouse bone marrow-derived dcs. tcdb induced cell death and heat shock protein translocation in mouse intestinal epithelial ct26 cells. the in ... | 2015 | 25743476 |
| long-term outcomes of an antimicrobial stewardship program implemented in a hospital with low baseline antibiotic use. | to evaluate the long-term outcomes of an antimicrobial stewardship program (asp) implemented in a hospital with low baseline antibiotic use. | 2015 | 25740560 |
| [prevalence of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients with diarrhea: results of a french prospective multicenter bi-annual point prevalence study]. | clostridium difficile infections represent the major cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. the objective of the study was to determine the incidence of c. difficile infection (cdi) in 2012 and to assess the under-estimation of the disease in france. | 2015 | 25737062 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation: just a fancy trend? | the risks and advantages of the administration of fecal material of healthy people to patients are heavily debated. in adults, recurrent clostridium difficile has become an accepted indication. in addition to all of the possible indications, many other questions need to be answered before pediatric indications and recommendations can be established. optimal donor selection, fresh versus frozen stools versus capsules containing only microbiota, volume, and route of administration are just a few e ... | 2015 | 25905546 |
| impact of clinical awareness and diagnostic tests on the underdiagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. | a multicenter study of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) performed during 2008 in spain revealed that two of every three episodes went undiagnosed or were misdiagnosed owing to nonsensitive diagnostic tests or lack of clinical suspicion and request. since then, efforts have been made to improve the diagnostic tests used by laboratories and to increase the awareness of this disease among both clinicians and microbiologists. our objective was to evaluate the impact of these efforts by assessin ... | 2015 | 25904126 |
| bacteremia antibiotic length actually needed for clinical effectiveness (balance): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. | bacteremia is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in critically ill adults. no previous randomized controlled trials have directly compared shorter versus longer durations of antimicrobial treatment in these patients. | 2015 | 25903783 |
| clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 018, a successful epidemic genotype. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) became a public health problem for the global spreading of the so-called hypervirulent pcr ribotypes (rts) 027 and 078, associated with increases in the transmission and severity of the disease. however, especially in europe, several rts are prevalent, and the concept of hypervirulence is currently debated. we investigated the toxin and resistance profiles and the genetic relatedness of 312 c. difficile strains isolated in a large italian teaching hospital d ... | 2015 | 26041894 |
| a novel quantitative sampling technique for detection and monitoring of clostridium difficile contamination in the clinical environment. | the horizontal transmission of clostridium difficile in the hospital environment is difficult to establish. current methods to detect c. difficile spores on surfaces are not quantitative, lack sensitivity, and are protracted. we propose a novel rapid method to detect and quantify c. difficile contamination on surfaces. sponge swabbing was compared to contact plate sampling to assess the in vitro recovery of c. difficile ribotype 027 contamination (∼10(0), 10(1), or 10(2) cfu of spores) from test ... | 2015 | 26041892 |
| cloning and variation of ground state intestinal stem cells. | stem cells of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver and other columnar epithelia collectively resist cloning in their elemental states. here we demonstrate the cloning and propagation of highly clonogenic, 'ground state' stem cells of the human intestine and colon. we show that derived stem-cell pedigrees sustain limited copy number and sequence variation despite extensive serial passaging and display exquisitely precise, cell-autonomous commitment to epithelial differentiation consistent ... | 2015 | 26040716 |
| multiscale analysis of the murine intestine for modeling human diseases. | when functioning properly, the intestine is one of the key interfaces between the human body and its environment. it is responsible for extracting nutrients from our food and excreting our waste products. it provides an environment for a host of healthful microbes and serves as a first defense against pathogenic ones. these processes require tight homeostatic controls, which are provided by the interactions of a complex mix of epithelial, stromal, neural and immune cells, as well as the resident ... | 2015 | 26040649 |
| comparison of the vidas c. difficile gdh automated enzyme-linked fluorescence immunoassay (elfa) with another commercial enzyme immunoassay (eia) (quik chek-60), two selective media, and a pcr assay for glud for detection of clostridium difficile in fecal samples. | prevention and management of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can be improved by rapid and reliable diagnostics. the vidas c. difficile glutamate dehydrogenase assay had performance comparable to that of the quik chek-60 assay (overall agreement, 95%) and a sensitivity of >93%; thus, it is suitable as the first test in two-stage algorithms for a cdi diagnosis. | 2015 | 25788549 |
| emergence and spread of predominantly community-onset clostridium difficile pcr ribotype 244 infection in australia, 2010 to 2012. | we describe an australia-wide clostridium difficile outbreak in 2011 and 2012 involving the previously uncommon ribotype 244. in western australia, 14 of 25 cases were community-associated, 11 were detected in patients younger than 65 years, 14 presented to emergency/outpatient departments, and 14 to non-tertiary/community hospitals. using whole genome sequencing, we confirm ribotype 244 is from the same c. difficile clade as the epidemic ribotype 027. like ribotype 027, it produces toxins a, b, ... | 2015 | 25788254 |
| the cost-benefit of federal investment in preventing clostridium difficile infections through the use of a multifaceted infection control and antimicrobial stewardship program. | to determine the potential epidemiologic and economic value of the implementation of a multifaceted clostridium difficile infection (cdi) control program at us acute care hospitals | 2015 | 25783204 |
| substantial variation in hospital rankings after adjusting for hospital-level predictors of publicly-reported hospital-associated clostridium difficile infection rates. | across 366 california hospitals, we identified hospital-level characteristics predicting increased hospital-associated clostridium difficile infection (ha-cdi) rates including more licensed beds, teaching and long-term acute care (ltac) hospitals, and polymerase chain reaction testing. adjustment for these characteristics impacted rankings in 24% of teaching hospitals, 13% of community hospitals, and 11% of ltac hospitals. | 2015 | 25782902 |
| molecular epidemiology of clostridium difficile infections in children: a retrospective cohort study. | the molecular epidemiology of pediatric clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is poorly understood. we aimed to identify the restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) groups causing cdi and to determine risk factors and outcomes associated with cdi caused by epidemic strains in children. | 2015 | 25782900 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) places a high burden on the us healthcare system. recurrent cdi (rcdi) occurs frequently. recently proposed guidelines from the american college of gastroenterology (acg) and the american gastroenterology association (aga) include fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) as a therapeutic option for rcdi. the purpose of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of fmt compared with vancomycin for the treatment of rcdi in adults, specifically following g ... | 2015 | 25782899 |
| regional infection control assessment of antibiotic resistance knowledge and practice. | multidrug-resistant organisms (mdros) are an increasing burden among healthcare facilities. we assessed facility-level perceived importance of and responses to various mdros. | 2015 | 25782891 |
| cold-air atmospheric pressure plasma against clostridium difficile spores: a potential alternative for the decontamination of hospital inanimate surfaces. | clostridium difficile spores survive for months on environmental surfaces and are highly resistant to decontamination. we evaluated the effect of cold-air plasma against c. difficile spores. the single-jet had no effect while the multi-jet achieved 2-3 log10 reductions in spore counts and may augment traditional decontamination. | 2015 | 25782039 |
| lack of correlation between bristol stool scale and quantitative bacterial load in clostridium difficile infection. | decision to test for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is usually made when patients have loose stools with bristol stool score of ≥5. we aimed to assess the relationship between bacterial load of c. difficile and bristol stool scale, as well as stool frequency in stool samples collected from patients infected with the organism. samples were collected at baseline, during therapy, and at the end of therapy. spearman correlation test was used to evaluate these relationships. no correlation bet ... | 2015 | 25780339 |
| idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric veins: rare case of ischemic colitis mimicking inflammatory bowel disease. | idiopathic myointimal hyperplasia of mesenteric veins (imhmv) is a rare and poorly understood ischemic colitis that occurs in the rectosigmoid colon of predominantly young, previously healthy, male patients. a 76-year-old japanese man presented to our hospital with a 1-year history of worsening diarrhea, lower abdominal pain, and weight loss (-6 kg). laboratory evaluation revealed white blood cell count of 13,200/μl, c-reactive protein level of 2.0 mg/dl (normal range, 0.0-0.3), and negative res ... | 2015 | 25777655 |
| clostridium difficile infection seasonality: patterns across hemispheres and continents - a systematic review. | studies have demonstrated seasonal variability in rates of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). synthesising all available information on seasonality is a necessary step in identifying large-scale epidemiological patterns and elucidating underlying causes. | 2015 | 25775463 |
| [current treatment and epidemiology of clostridium difficile infections]. | during the past 10years, clostridium difficile infections (cdi) have become a major public health challenge. their epidemiology has changed with a rise in the number of cases and an increase in severe episodes. recurrence and failure of conventional treatments have become more common. furthermore, a spread of cdi has been observed in the general population-involving subjects without the usual risk factors (unexposed to antibiotic treatment, young people, pregnant women, etc.). all these change a ... | 2015 | 25772664 |
| a highly acid-resistant novel strain of lactobacillus johnsonii no. 1088 has antibacterial activity, including that against helicobacter pylori, and inhibits gastrin-mediated acid production in mice. | a novel strain of lactobacillus johnsonii no. 1088 was isolated from the gastric juice of a healthy japanese male volunteer, and characterized for its effectiveness in the stomach environment. lactobacillus johnsonii no. 1088 was found to have the strongest acid resistance among several lactobacilli examined (>10% of cells survived at ph 1.0 after 2 h), and such a high acid resistance property was a specific characteristic of this strain of l. johnsonii. when cultured with various virulent bacte ... | 2015 | 25771812 |
| comparison of clostridium difficile isolates from individuals with recurrent and single episode of infection. | recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is an increasing problem, yet reasons for this are poorly understood. attention has been paid to the role of strain, with conflicting association of ribotype 027 and recurrences. | 2015 | 25769665 |
| case of cytomegalovirus colitis in an immunocompetent patient: a rare cause of abdominal pain and diarrhea in the elderly. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) colitis usually occurs in immunocompromised patients after undergoing organ transplantation or chemotherapy. we report the case of a 60-year-old immunocompetent japanese woman who presented with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. she was initially diagnosed as having ischemic colitis with pseudomembranous colitis on the basis of her symptoms, clostridium difficile antigen positivity, and colonoscopic findings, which showed ulcer formation from the sigmoid colon to rectum. ... | 2015 | 25767404 |
| nomenclature and functionality of the so-called cfr gene from clostridium difficile. | 2015 | 25762794 | |
| cwp84, a clostridium difficile cysteine protease, exhibits conformational flexibility in the absence of its propeptide. | in recent decades, the global healthcare problems caused by clostridium difficile have increased at an alarming rate. a greater understanding of this antibiotic-resistant bacterium, particularly with respect to how it interacts with the host, is required for the development of novel strategies for fighting c. difficile infections. the surface layer (s-layer) of c. difficile is likely to be of significant importance to host-pathogen interactions. the mature s-layer is formed by a proteinaceous ar ... | 2015 | 25760704 |
| clostridium difficile heterogeneously impacts intestinal community architecture but drives stable metabolome responses. | clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (cdad) is caused by c. difficile toxins a and b and represents a serious emerging health problem. yet, its progression and functional consequences are unclear. we hypothesised that c. difficile can drive major measurable metabolic changes in the gut microbiota and that a relationship with the production or absence of toxins may be established. we tested this hypothesis by performing metabolic profiling on the gut microbiota of patients with c. difficile ... | 2015 | 25756679 |
| prevalence and pathogenicity of binary toxin-positive clostridium difficile strains that do not produce toxins a and b. | clostridium difficile causes antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis. the main virulence factors of c. difficile are the toxins a (tcda) and b (tcdb). a third toxin, called binary toxin (cdt), can be detected in 17% to 23% of strains, but its role in human disease has not been clearly defined. we report six independent cases of patients with diarrhoea suspected of having c. difficile infection due to strains from toxinotype xi/pcr ribotype 033 or 033-like, an unusual toxinot ... | 2015 | 25755885 |
| predicting the risk for hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection (ho-cdi) at the time of inpatient admission: ho-cdi risk score. | to predict the likelihood of hospital-onset clostridium difficile infection (ho-cdi) based on patient clinical presentations at admission | 2015 | 25753106 |
| accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. | loop-mediated isothermal dna amplification (lamp) is currently used as standalone diagnostic test for c. difficile infection (cdi). we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of lamp for the diagnosis of cdi. we searched 5 databases to identify studies that compared lamp with culture cytotoxicity neutralization assay or anaerobic toxigenic culture (tc) of c. difficile. we used the random-effects model to calculate pooled sensitivities, specificities, diagnostic odds ratios, and their 95% confidence int ... | 2015 | 25752201 |
| acute graft-versus-host disease, invasive aspergillosis and clostridium difficile colitis after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: a complex network of causalities and a challenge for prevention. | graft-versus-host disease (gvhd) is a known risk factor for invasive aspergillosis (ia), but remains poorly studied in relation to clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we report a case of a 58-years-old patient who developed an ia within a protected room, cdi and gvhd after allogeneic allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (pbsct). factors associated with this complex condition in patients receiving allogeneic pbsct need to be identified. | 2015 | 25749258 |
| faecal microbiota transplantation: key points to consider. | faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) from a healthy donor has become the gold standard treatment for patients suffering from recurrent clostridium difficile infection where antibiotic treatment (with vancomycin, metronidazole or fidaxomicin) has failed. fmt eradicates c. difficile and helps restore the recipient's intestinal flora, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. since fmt's complex and highly variable composition cannot be easily characterized - nor its quality routinely assesse ... | 2015 | 25747146 |
| inhibition of adhesion of clostridium difficile to human intestinal cells after treatment with serum and intestinal fluid isolated from mice immunized with nontoxigenic c. difficile membrane fraction. | diarrhea and pseudomembrane colitis caused by clostridium difficile infection is a global health concern because of the high recurrence rate after standard antibiotic therapy. vaccination presents a powerful countermeasure against disease recurrence. in this study, mice vaccinated with the nontoxigenic c. difficile membrane fraction generated a marked immune response to the antigen, as demonstrated by the serum igg and intestinal fluid iga levels. significantly, pretreatment with harvested igg- ... | 2015 | 25745878 |
| synergistic inhibition of clostridium difficile with nisin-lysozyme combination treatment. | clostridium difficile vegetative cells were not inhibited completely after a 120-min treatment with 40 nm nisin or 0.8 mm lysozyme. however, these cells were completely inhibited after only a 30-min incubation with both 20 nm nisin and 0.2 mm lysozyme. | 2015 | 25863312 |
| the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for genotyping of clostridium difficile. | genotyping approaches are important for tracking infectious agents and can be used for various purposes. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is among the highly discriminatory genotyping approaches commonly used for characterizing clostridium difficile. other genotyping methods used for c. difficile include ribotyping, restriction endonuclease assay (rea), multilocus variable number tandem repeats (vntr) assay, and others. pfge has a high discriminatory power, high reproducibility, and typea ... | 2015 | 25862051 |
| induced sporicidal activity of chlorhexidine against clostridium difficile spores under altered physical and chemical conditions. | chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial commonly used to disinfect the skin of patients to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections. because chlorhexidine is not sporicidal, it is not anticipated that it would have an impact on skin contamination with clostridium difficile, the most important cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. however, although chlorhexidine is not sporicidal as it is used in healthcare settings, it has been reported to kill spores of bacillus species un ... | 2015 | 25861057 |
| genome resequencing of the virulent and multidrug-resistant reference strain clostridium difficile 630. | we resequenced the complete genome of the virulent and multidrug-resistant pathogen clostridium difficile strain 630. a combination of single-molecule real-time and illumina sequencing technology revealed the presence of an additional rrna gene cluster, additional trnas, and the absence of a transposon in comparison to the published and reannotated genome sequence. | 2015 | 25858846 |
| epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection: results of a hospital-based study in krakow, poland. | over the past two decades clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has appeared as a major public health threat. we performed a retrospective study based on the records of patients hospitalized for cdi at the university hospital in krakow, poland, between 2008 and 2014. in the study period, cdi occurred in 1009 individuals. there were 790 (78%) individuals who developed infection only once, whereas 219 (22%) developed infection more than once. the percentage of deaths within 14 days of cdi confirma ... | 2015 | 25858553 |
| contamination of the hospital environment from potential clostridium difficile excretors without active infection. | clostridium difficile was recovered from 33 (34%) of 98 rooms of patients who were excretors compared with 36 (49%) of 73 rooms of patients with active infection. not all laboratory algorithms can distinguish between these 2 groups, yet both may be a significant source for ongoing transmission. | 2015 | 25857829 |
| clinical and economic impact of empirical extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam in a community medical center. | current medical center practice allows for the automatic conversion of all piperacillin/tazobactam orders from intermittent to extended infusion (ei). | 2015 | 25855703 |
| frozen encapsulated stool in recurrent clostridium difficile: exploring the role of pills in the treatment hierarchy of fecal microbiota transplant nonresponders. | 2015 | 25853204 | |
| the microbiota and microbiome in aging: potential implications in health and age-related diseases. | advances in bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing allow for characterization of the human commensal bacterial community (microbiota) and its corresponding genome (microbiome). surveys of healthy adults reveal that a signature composite of bacteria characterizes each unique body habitat (e.g., gut, skin, oral cavity, vagina). a myriad of clinical changes, including a basal proinflammatory state (inflamm-aging), that directly interface with the microbiota of older adults and enhance susceptib ... | 2015 | 25851728 |
| the economic impact of clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. | with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) on the rise, knowledge of the current economic burden of cdi can inform decisions on interventions related to cdi. we systematically reviewed cdi cost-of-illness (coi) studies. | 2015 | 25848925 |
| euroscore is a predictor of postoperative pericardial effusion following heart transplantation. | pericardial effusion is an early complication following orthotopic heart transplantation. effusion that requires surgical intervention not only prolongs in-hospital stay but also increases early mortality rate. euroscore is one of the most common methods for calculating predictive mortality in heart surgery. | 2015 | 25847682 |
| [clostridium difficile colitis]. | c. difficile is a spore-forming anaerobic enteropathogen responsible for a wide range of clinical features ranging from mild uncomplicated diarrhoea to severe debilitating disease, toxic megacolon, or even perforation and sometimes death. risk factors for c. difficile infection (cdi) include age > 65 years, previous hospitalization and recent antibiotic therapy. main virulence factors of c. difficile are toxins a (tcda) and b (tcdb). since 2005, a new hypervirulent strain has emerged. this epide ... | 2015 | 25842418 |
| highlighting clinical needs in clostridium difficile infection: the views of european healthcare professionals at the front line. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhoea in europe. despite increased focus, its incidence and severity are increasing in many european countries. | 2015 | 25842241 |
| burden of clostridium difficile infection on hospital readmissions and its potential impact under the hospital readmission reduction program. | both clostridium [corrected] difficile infection (cdi) rates in hospitals and interest in reducing 30-day readmission rates have increased dramatically in the united states. the objective of this study was to characterize the burden of cdi on 30-day hospital readmissions at a tertiary care health-system. | 2015 | 25838133 |
| a universal mariner transposon system for forward genetic studies in the genus clostridium. | dna transposons represent an essential tool in the armoury of the molecular microbiologist. we previously developed a catp-based mini transposon system for clostridium difficile in which the expression of the transposase gene was dependent on a sigma factor unique to c. difficile, tcdr. here we have shown that the host range of the transposon is easily extended through the rapid chromosomal insertion of the tcdr gene at the pyre locus of the intended clostridial target using allele-coupled excha ... | 2015 | 25836262 |
| fecal microbiota transplant to treat recurrent clostridium difficile infections. | the prevalence of recurrent or refractory clostridium difficile infection has been steadily increasing since 2000. consequently, alternative treatments to the standard antibiotic therapies are now being considered. one alternative treatment is fecal microbiota transplant. although fecal microbiota transplant is relatively new--and not appealing to most people--it has been around for many years and has great promise as an inexpensive, safe, and efficient treatment of refractory and recurrent c di ... | 2015 | 25834008 |