Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| heterologous expression of bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein-encoding gene vip3lb in photorhabdus temperata strain k122 and oral toxicity against the lepidoptera ephestia kuehniella and spodoptera littoralis. | photorhabdus temperata and bacillus thuringiensis are entomopathogenic bacteria exhibiting toxicities against different insect larvae. vegetative insecticidal protein vip3lb is a bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein secreted during the vegetative growth stage exhibiting lepidopteran specificity. in this study, we focused for the first time on the heterologous expression of vip3lb gene in photorhabdus temperata strain k122. firstly, western blot analyses of whole cultures of recombinant ph ... | 2009 | 19462262 |
| chromatographic and electrophoretic resolution of proteins and protein complexes from the larval midgut microvilli of manduca sexta. | the microvillar proteome of manduca sexta larval midguts was analyzed by subjecting brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) to two different two-dimensional approaches: (i) anion exchange chromatography followed by sds-page and (ii) blue native-page followed by sds-page. the first technique was superior to conventional 2-d gel electrophoresis in resolving the most abundant proteins associated with the midgut microvilli. twenty of them were successfully identified as digestive enzymes, binding targ ... | 2009 | 19464367 |
| cry1b and cry3a are active against hypothenemus hampei ferrari (coleoptera: scolytidae). | cry1b and cry3 proteins from bacillus thuringiensis are toxic to beetles such as the colorado potato beetle and the cottonwood leaf beetle. we report the development of a suitable rearing, bioassay method and the toxicity of these cry proteins to coffee berry borer first instar larvae. | 2009 | 19465024 |
| parasporal body formation via overexpression of the cry10aa toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, and cry10aa-cyt1aa synergism. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is the most widely used microbial control agent against mosquitoes and blackflies. its insecticidal success is based on an arsenal of toxins, such as cry4a, cry4b, cry11a, and cyt1a, harbored in the parasporal crystal of the bacterium. a fifth toxin, cry10aa, is synthesized at very low levels; previous attempts to clone and express cry10aa were limited, and no parasporal body was formed. by using a new strategy, the whole cry10a operon was cloned in the ... | 2009 | 19465527 |
| identification of a catabolite-responsive element necessary for regulation of the cry4a gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produces a potent mosquitocidal protein, cry4a. we have identified a 15-bp catabolite responsive element (cre), overlapping the -35 element of the cry4a promoter. changing a guanine to adenine at position -49 in the promoter abolished glucose catabolite repression of cry4a and enhanced promoter activity two- to threefold. this cis regulatory element is essential for controlled toxin synthesis, vital to evolutionary success of b. thuringiensis subsp. isra ... | 2009 | 19465665 |
| metabolomics of transgenic maize combining fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry and pressurized liquid extraction. | in this work, the potential of combining capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (ce-tof-ms) and fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (ft-icr-ms) for metabolomics of genetically modified organisms (gmos) is demonstrated. thus, six different varieties of maize, three of them transgenic (pr33p66 bt, tietar bt and aristis bt) and their corresponding isogenic lines (pr33p66, tietar and aristis) grown under the same field conditions, were analyzed. based on t ... | 2009 | 19477454 |
| development of insect-resistant transgenic rice with cry1c*-free endosperm. | yellow stem borer (tryporyza incertulas walker), striped stem borer (chilo suppressalis walker) and leaf folder (cnaphalocrocis medinalis guenec) are three lepidopteran pests that cause severe damage to rice in many areas of the world. in this study, novel insect-resistant transgenic rice was developed in which bt protein expression was nearly absent in the endosperm. the resistant gene, cry1c*, driven by the rice rbcs promoter (small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), ... | 2009 | 19479952 |
| activity of spores and extracellular proteins from six cry+ strains and a cry- strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki against the western spruce budworm, choristoneura occidentalis (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | we characterized insecticidal activity of previously untested strains of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki belonging to two crystal serovars (k-1 and k-73) against the western spruce budworm (choristoneura occidentalis freeman 1967). by testing various components, we demonstrated that spores play a critical role in the pathogenesis of each strain. spore-free crystals caused low mortality and purified spores were generally not toxic. the addition of spores to purified protoxin increased toxicity se ... | 2009 | 19483782 |
| chloroplast-targeted expression of synthetic cry1ac in transgenic rice as an alternative strategy for increased pest protection. | to increase insect resistance in transgenic rice plants, a synthetic truncated cry1ac gene was linked to the rice rbcs promoter and its transit peptide sequence (tp) for chloroplast-targeted expression. several transgenic lines were generated by the agrobacterium-mediated transformation method and the expression levels of the transgene were compared with untargeted expression. use of the rbcs-tp sequence increased the cry1ac transcript and protein levels by 25- and 100-fold, respectively, with t ... | 2009 | 19484258 |
| copper uptake by pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from infected burn patients. | pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from infected burn patients and characterized by standard biochemical tests. the in vitro copper uptake was compared between this isolated pathogenic strain and two non-pathogenic control strains of gram positive bacteria bacillus thuringiensis strain israelis as well as gram negative bacteria enterobacter aerogenes. maximum copper uptake of 470 ppm/g biomass was obtained by p. aeruginosa strain, while the control strains b. thuringiensis and enterobacter aero ... | 2009 | 19484296 |
| on-plant survival and inheritance of resistance to cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis in a field-derived strain of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | the high dose plus refuge is one of the major components of the resistance management plan mandated for transgenic corn expressing cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) that targets the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). this strategy was based on assumptions such as functional recessive inheritance, which has not been previously tested for o. nubilalis. the authors used a field-derived resistant strain of o. nubilalis to define the nature o ... | 2009 | 19484699 |
| expression, purification and characterization of the cry2aa14 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae. | an indigenous strain hd-550 of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae was found to be toxic to lepidopteran as well as dipteran insects. the cry2aa gene (classified as cry2aa14) from this isolate was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. only a little amount of the expressed cry2aa14 protein was observed in soluble fraction under normal induction condition. the inclusions were non-toxic to test insects, whereas solubilized cry2aa14 was highly toxic to lepidopteran and dipteran insects. cry2aa1 ... | 2009 | 19486907 |
| manduca sexta (lepidoptera: sphingidae) cadherin fragments function as synergists for cry1a and cry1c bacillus thuringiensis toxins against noctuid moths helicoverpa zea, agrotis ipsilon and spodoptera exigua. | specific bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) toxins are effective against a narrow spectrum of species. while specificity is an advantage for limiting adverse effects on non-target organisms, it is also the primary drawback of bt's application for controlling multiple pest species in agriculture, forestry and other areas. recently, it was reported that a small toxin-binding fragment of manduca sexta (joh.) cadherin acts as a synergist of bt toxins to m. sexta, heliothis virescens f. and helicov ... | 2009 | 19489014 |
| starch industry wastewater for production of biopesticides--ramifications of solids concentrations. | total solids (ts) concentrations ranging from 15 to 66 g l(-1) of starch industry wastewater (siw) were tested as raw material for the production of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1 (btk) biopesticide in shake flasks and a 15 l bench-scale fermenter. shake flask studies revealed a higher delta-endotoxin concentration of btk at 30 g l(-1) ts concentration and 2.5% (v v(-1)) volume of pre-culture. the fermenter experiments conducted using siw at 30 g l(-1) ts concentration under controlle ... | 2009 | 19492550 |
| spore display using bacillus thuringiensis exosporium protein inha. | a new spore display method is presented that enables recombinant proteins to be displayed on the surface of bacillus spores via fusion with inha, an exosporium component of bacillus thuringiensis. the green fluorescent protein and beta-galactosidase as model proteins were fused to the c-terminal region of inha, respectively. the surface expression of the proteins on the spores was confirmed by flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, measurement of the enzyme activity, and an immunogo ... | 2009 | 19494698 |
| impact of bt-corn mon88017 in comparison to three conventional lines on trigonotylus caelestialium (kirkaldy) (heteroptera: miridae) field densities. | in europe, bt-corn resistant against the european corn borer has until now been the only genetically modified plant to be grown commercially. with the advent of the western corn rootworm bt-corn varieties with resistance against coleoptera will become important. the cultivation of bt-plants may have negative impacts on non-target organisms, i.e. all species not explicitly targeted by a given bt-crop. one prominent non-target group in corn are the herbivorous plant bugs (heteroptera: miridae). th ... | 2009 | 18668336 |
| acute toxicity and cytotoxicity of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus sphaericus strains on fish and mouse bone marrow. | the insecticidal properties of delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) serotypes kurstaki and israelensis and crystal proteins of bacillus sphaericus (bs) serotype h5 have been used in insect control for decades. the availability of microbial toxins in biopesticides as well as in plants with incorporated protection has been increasing the concerns about biosafety. acute toxicity to danio rerio and cytotoxicity on mouse bone marrow cells and peripheral erythrocytes of oreochromis niloti ... | 2009 | 18670879 |
| effects of activated bt transgene products (cry1ab, cry3bb) on immature stages of the ladybird adalia bipunctata in laboratory ecotoxicity testing. | insect-active bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins are expressed by several transgenic crop plants to control certain pests, but nontarget organisms such as ladybirds also can be exposed to these proteins in the field. we developed an improved ecotoxicity testing protocol and conducted feeding trials in a laboratory setting to test for possible adverse effects of different concentrations of microbially produced trypsin-activated cry1ab and cry3bb toxins on the coccinellid adalia bipunctata. larv ... | 2009 | 18712501 |
| assessment of biological and biochemical indicators in soil under transgenic bt and non-bt cotton crop in a sub-tropical environment. | there is concern that transgenic bt-crops carry genes that could have undesirable effects on natural and agro-ecosystem functions. we investigated the effect of bt-cotton (expressing the cry 1ac protein) on several microbial and biochemical indicators in a sandy loam soil. bt-cotton (mrc-6301bt) and its non-transgenic near-isoline (mrc-6301) were grown in a net-house on a sandy clay loam soil. soil and root samples were collected 60, 90, and 120 days after sowing. soil from a control (no-crop) t ... | 2009 | 18720017 |
| ingestion and excretion of two transgenic bt corn varieties by slugs. | the release of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn expressing various cry endotoxins has raised concern that these endotoxins are disseminated in the food web and may adversely affect non-target beneficial organisms, such as predators and organisms of the decomposer food web. we therefore investigated in a laboratory study, whether the cry1ab and cry3bb1 protein from bt corn could potentially be transferred to such organisms by measuring the cry protein content in the two common agricult ... | 2009 | 18763046 |
| elevated atmospheric ozone increases concentration of insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac protein in bt brassica napus and reduces feeding of a bt target herbivore on the non-transgenic parent. | sustained cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) transgenic crops requires stable transgene expression under variable abiotic conditions. we studied the interactions of bt toxin production and chronic ozone exposure in bt cry1ac-transgenic oilseed rape and found that the insect resistance trait is robust under ozone elevations. bt cry1ac concentrations were higher in the leaves of bt oilseed rape grown under elevated ozone compared to control treatment, measured either per leaf fresh weight ... | 2009 | 18757127 |
| strategies to improve the insecticidal activity of cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins have been widely used in the control of insect pests either as spray products or expressed in transgenic crops. these proteins are pore-forming toxins with a complex mechanism of action that involves the sequential interaction with several toxin-receptors. cry toxins are specific against susceptible larvae and although they are often highly effective, some insect pests are not affected by them or show low susceptibility. in addition, the development of resistanc ... | 2009 | 18773932 |
| enhancement of insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins by fragments of a toxin-binding cadherin correlates with oligomer formation. | cry1a toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis bind a cadherin receptor that mediates toxicity in different lepidopteran insect larvae. insect cadherin receptors are modular proteins composed of three domains, the ectodomain formed by 9-12 cadherin repeats (cr), the transmembrane domain and the intracellular domain. cry1a toxins interact with three regions of the manduca sexta cadherin receptor that are located in cr7, cr11 and cr12 cadherin repeats. binding of cry1a toxin to cadherin induces o ... | 2009 | 18778745 |
| differential toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis strains and their crystal toxins against high-altitude himalayan populations of diamondback moth, plutella xylostella l. | diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), is a major insect pest of crucifers in the biodiversity-rich north-western indian himalayan hills. the present investigation was aimed at determining the susceptibility pattern of p. xylostella populations collected from different locations of this region to autochthonous and standard bacillus thuringiensis strains. | 2009 | 18785222 |
| ecological distribution and characterization of four collections of bacillus thuringiensis strains. | four collections comprising 507 strains of bacillus thuringiensis have been analysed in this study. a different ecological origin characterizes each collection. collection no. 1 was established from soil, dust, and grain samples from spanish agricultural and non-cultivated soil, silos, and mills. collection no. 2 is the result of a screening in olive-crop related environments in spain. collection no. 3 is made up of strains isolated from potato-growing areas in bolivia. collection no. 4 has been ... | 2009 | 18798173 |
| insecticidal crystal proteins from native bacillus thuringiensis: numerical analysis and biological activity against spodoptera frugiperda. | fourteen strains of bacillus thuringiensis collected from both larvae showing disease symptoms and soil samples in northwest argentina were characterized by insecticidal activity against spodoptera frugiperda. first instar larvae and protein profile sds-page analysis of whole cell proteins not only allowed the differentiation of native bacillus thuringiensis but also revealed the possibility of applying protein profile analysis in classification of toxicity patterns. cluster analysis showed that ... | 2009 | 18800190 |
| rapid detection of bacillus anthracis using monoclonal antibody functionalized qcm sensor. | since the anthrax spore bioterrorism attacks in america in 2001, the early detection of bacillus anthracis spores and vegetative cells has gained significant interest. at present, many polyclonal antibody-based quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) sensors have been developed to detect b. anthracis simulates. to achieve a simultaneous rapid detection of b. anthracis spores and vegetative cells, this paper presents a biosensor that utilizes an anti-b. anthracis monoclonal antibody designated to 8g3 ( ... | 2009 | 18804365 |
| cloning and expression of bacillus thuringiensis cry11 crystal protein gene in escherichia coli. | the six most toxic pakistani isolates of bacillus thuringiensis (sbs bt-23, 29, 34, 37, 45 and 47), which were previously characterized for their toxicity against larvae of mosquito, anopheles stephensi, and the presence of cry4 gene, were used for cry11 (cry4d) gene amplification. a 1.9-kb dna fragment of cry11 gene was pcr-amplified, cloned in expression vector pt7-7, and then used for transformation of e. coli bl21c. the optimum expression was obtained with 1 mm iptg at 37 degrees c for 3 h. ... | 2009 | 18821029 |
| discrimination among bacillus thuringiensis h serotypes, serovars and strains based on 16s rrna, gyrb and aroe gene sequence analyses. | our aim was to investigate the capability of each of three genes, 16s rrna, gyrb and aroe, to discriminate, first, among bacillus thuringiensis h serotypes; second, among b. thuringiensis serovars from the same h serotype; and third, among b. thuringiensis strains from the same serovar. the 16s rrna, gyrb and aroe genes were amplified from 21 b. thuringiensis h serotypes and their nucleotide sequences determined. additional strains from four b. cereus sensu lato species were included for compari ... | 2009 | 18839329 |
| feeding, oviposition and survival of liriomyza trifolii (diptera: agromyzidae) on bt and non-bt cottons. | the effects of bt transgenic cottons (bt-i expressing cry1ac and bt-ii expressing cry1ab and cry2ab or cry1ab and cry1fa) and non-bt cottons on feeding, oviposition and longevity of adults, and development and survival of liriomyza trifolii larvae were studied under laboratory conditions; and infestation on four bt and two non-bt cotton traits were investigated under field conditions. laboratory choice and no-choice tests showed that l. trifolii adults were capable of distinguishing between bt c ... | 2009 | 18840315 |
| a sensitive method to monitor bacillus subtilis and streptomyces coelicolor-related [corrected] bacteria in maize rhizobacterial communities: the use of genome-wide microarrays. | commercially available dna microarrays containing genome-wide spotted oligonucleotides encompass the soil bacteria bacillus subtilis or streptomyces coelicolor genomes. these have been used to analyse potential differences in rhizobacterial communities of transgenic maize engineered to express the bacillus thuringensis cry toxin (bt maize) in three different agricultural soils. no differences in hybridisation were observed between genetically and non-genetically modified maize rhizobacteria from ... | 2009 | 18855043 |
| insecticide toxicity to trichogramma pretiosum (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) females and effect on descendant generation. | the effect of nine insecticides used in tomato production was evaluated on adults of two trichogramma pretiosum riley (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) populations from rive and afonso cláudio, espírito santo state, brazil. the experiment was developed in an acclimatized chamber at 25 +/- 1 degrees c, 70 +/- 10% relative humidity and 14 h photophase. eggs of anagasta kuehniella (lepidoptera: pyralidae), previously immersed in insecticides solutions were offered to females of both t. pretiosum pop ... | 2009 | 18931909 |
| increase in insecticidal toxicity by fusion of the cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis with the neurotoxin gene hwtx-i. | a fusion gene was constructed by combining the cry1ac gene of bacillus thuringiensis strain 4.0718 with a neurotoxin gene, hwtx-1, which was synthesized chemically. in this process, an enterokinase recognition site sequence was inserted in frame between two genes, and the fusion gene, including the promoter and the terminator of the cry1ac gene, was cloned into the shuttle vector pht304 to obtain a new expression vector, pxl43. a 138-kda fusion protein was mass-expressed in the recombinant strai ... | 2009 | 18953606 |
| introgression of a disrupted cadherin gene enables susceptible helicoverpa armigera to obtain resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac. | a disrupted allele (r1) of a cadherin gene (ha_btr) is genetically associated with incompletely recessive resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac in a cry1ac-selected strain (gybt) of helicoverpa armigera. the r1 allele of ha_btr was introgressed into a susceptible scd strain by crossing the gybt strain to the scd strain, followed by repeated backcrossing to the scd strain and molecular marker assisted family selection. the introgressed strain (designated as scd-r1, carrying homozygous ... | 2009 | 18954492 |
| susceptibility of cry1ab-resistant and -susceptible sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) to four bacillus thuringiensis toxins. | sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), is a primary corn stalk borer pest targeted by transgenic corn expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins in many areas of the mid-southern region of the united states. recently, genes encoding for cry1a.105 and cry2ab2 bt proteins were transferred into corn plants (event mon 89034) for controlling lepidopteran pests. this new generation of bt corn with stacked-genes of cry1a.105 and cry2ab2 will become commercially available in 2009. susceptibili ... | 2009 | 18955062 |
| impact of different ph control agents on biopesticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis during the fermentation of starch industry wastewater. | different ph control agents (naoh/h(2)so(4)--sodsulp, naoh/ch(3)cooh--sodacet, nh(4)oh/ch(3)cooh--ammoacet and nh(4)oh/h(2)so(4)--ammosulp) were used to investigate their effects on growth, enzyme production (alkaline protease and amylase), and entomotoxicity of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1 (btk) against eastern spruce budworm larvae (choristoneura fumiferana) using starch industry wastewater (siw) as a raw material in a 15-l fermentor. ammosulp and sodsulp were found to be the best ... | 2009 | 18979122 |
| analysis of cry1ab toxin bioaccumulation in a food chain of bt rice, an herbivore and a predator. | lessons from organophosphorus pesticides, which could be bioaccumulated in non-target organisms at different trophic levels and caused unexpected negative impacts, necessitate a study of the possibility of biotransfer and bioaccumulation of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal toxin(s) expressed in bt plants. using elisa, we evaluated the transfer of cry1ab toxin in a food chain of bt rice (kmd1 and kmd2), the target insect, cnaphalocrocis medinalis, and its predator, pirata subpiraticus. cr ... | 2009 | 18982446 |
| occurrence of bacillus thuringiensis in canopies of a natural lucidophyllous forest in japan. | a total of 39 bacillus thuringiensis isolates were recovered from 38 leaves collected from 5- to 10-m-high canopies of 8 micro-/meso-phanerophyte species in a lucidophyllous forest of japan. b. thuringiensis-positive leaves accounted for 1.4% of a total of 2805 leaves from 15 tree species. the frequency of the organism was 0.8% among the bacillus cereus/b. thuringiensis group. of 39 isolates obtained, 27 (69.2%) were allocated to 11 h serovars, and 12 isolates remained unidentified: 11 were moti ... | 2009 | 19002526 |
| helix alpha 4 of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin plays a critical role in the postbinding steps of pore formation. | helix alpha 4 of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins is thought to play a critical role in the toxins' mode of action. accordingly, single-site substitutions of many cry1aa helix alpha 4 amino acid residues have previously been shown to cause substantial reductions in the protein's pore-forming activity. changes in protein structure and formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds were investigated as possible factors responsible for the inactivity of these mutants. incubation of each mutant with t ... | 2009 | 19011060 |
| characterization of polyvalent and safe bacillus thuringiensis strains with potential use for biocontrol. | sixteen bacillus thuringiensis (bt) strains were screened for their anti-insect, antibacterial and antifungal determinants by phenotypic tests and pcr targeting major insecticidal proteins and complements, chitinases, lactonases, beta-1,3-glucanases and zwittermicina. six strains had genes of at least two major insecticidal toxins and of insecticidal complements. with regard to fungal biocontrol, all the strains inhibited fusarium oxysporum and aspergillus flavus growth and four strains had all ... | 2009 | 19025870 |
| is decreased generalized immunity a cost of bt resistance in cabbage loopers trichoplusia ni? | we studied the immune response to bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (btk) in susceptible (bt-rs) and resistant (bt-r) trichoplusia ni after exposure to low doses of btk and injection with escherichia coli. we measured the levels of resistance, the expression profiles of hemolymph proteins, the phenoloxidase (po) activity, and the differential number of circulating hemocytes in resistant and susceptible individuals. individuals from the bt-rs line became more resistant following a previous exposure ... | 2009 | 19026655 |
| detection of toxigenic bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis spores in u.s. rice. | bacillus cereus is a gram-positive, endospore forming pathogenic bacterium that is ubiquitous in the environment and is frequently associated with emetic and diarrheal types of foodborne illness. in this study, 178 samples of raw rice from retail food stores were analyzed for the presence of b. cereus spores. spores of bacillus species were found in 94 (52.8%) of the rice samples with an average concentration of 32.6 cfu/g (3.6-460 cfu/g for b. cereus and 3.6-23 cfu/g for bacillus thuringiensis) ... | 2009 | 19027973 |
| moderation of pathogen-induced mortality: the role of density in bacillus thuringiensis virulence. | virulence in pathogens may be increased or decreased in order to maximize reproduction and transmission. we investigated how reproduction and virulence in the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis (bt) changed with bacterial density. we predicted that virulence would be moderated at high pathogen densities because extended time to death allows more growth in hosts. we found that pathogen reproduction (spores produced per cadaver) peaked at an intermediate time to death and was lowest in hosts th ... | 2009 | 19033132 |
| bt maize fed-prey mediated effect on fitness and digestive physiology of the ground predator poecilus cupreus l. (coleoptera: carabidae). | we investigated the effects of a bt maize hybrid on fitness and digestive physiology of the ground-dwelling predator poecilus cupreus l., as compared with the near-isogenic hybrid. a tritrophic assay revealed that there was a great decline in the detection of cry1ab toxin through the trophic chain, the concentration of the toxin being 945, 349 and 37 ng g(-1) of fresh weight in bt maize leaves, spodoptera littoralis (boisduval) larvae and p. cupreus larvae, respectively. moreover, the toxin was ... | 2009 | 19041318 |
| binding of individual bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins to the olive moth prays oleae (lepidoptera: yponomeutidae). | the microlepidopteran prays oleae is one of the main insect pests causing significant crop losses in the mediterranean olive groves. bacillus thuringiensis based insecticides are being successfully used to minimize the impact of the second and third generations of this pest. however, because of its very small size and difficulty of rearing, very few studies have been carried out to determine the potency and mode of action of b. thuringiensis cry proteins in this insect. in this study, cry1ac, cr ... | 2009 | 19041324 |
| chemical modification of bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin single-cysteine mutants reveals the importance of domain i structural elements in the mechanism of pore formation. | bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins form pores in the apical membrane of insect larval midgut cells. to investigate their mechanism of membrane insertion, mutants in which cysteine replaced individual amino acids located within the pore-forming domain of cry1aa were chemically modified with sulfhydryl-specific reagents. the thiol group of cysteine was highly susceptible to oxidation and its reactivity was significantly increased when the toxins were purified under reducing conditions. addition of ... | 2009 | 19046941 |
| use of 13c labeling to assess carbon partitioning in transgenic and nontransgenic (parental) rice and their rhizosphere soil microbial communities. | photosynthetic assimilation of co2 is a primary source of carbon in soil and root exudates and can influence the community dynamics of rhizosphere organisms. thus, if carbon partitioning is affected in transgenic crops, rhizosphere microbial communities may also be affected. in this study, the temporal effects of gene transformation on carbon partitioning in rice and rhizosphere microbial communities were investigated under greenhouse conditions using the 13c pulse-chase labeling method and phos ... | 2009 | 19049503 |
| simple and rapid method for pcr characterization of large bacillus thuringiensis strain collections. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based identification of bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes has become a routine step in most b. thuringiensis isolation and characterization initiatives. in the present study we propose a simplified method for extensive pcr analysis of b. thuringiensis cry and cyt genes of particular interest in large-scale screening programs. fifty b. thuringiensis strains were screened for the presence of genes of the cry1 subfamily. identical results were obtained when our meth ... | 2009 | 19052817 |
| genotoxic evaluation of different delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis on zebrafish adults and development in early life stages. | the use of toxins from bacillus thuringiensis as biopesticides in the biological control of insects and in transgenic plants has increased their availability in the environment. ecotoxicological evaluations of four delta-endotoxins cry 1aa, cry 1ab, cry 1ac, and cry 2a from b. thuringiensis were carried out on zebrafish danio rerio to explore the adverse effects on their genome and embryos. cry 1aa increased the micronucleus (mn) frequency in peripheral erythrocytes of adult d. rerio, while cry ... | 2009 | 19061968 |
| impact of 9 years of bt-maize cultivation on the distribution of maize viruses. | this study assesses the effect of bt-maize on the distribution of maize viruses. random surveys were conducted in spain between 2001 and 2006 to evaluate the occurrence of maize viruses in bt-maize cultivation areas and in areas where this crop had not been introduced. maize dwarf mosaic virus (mdmv) was the predominant virus in bt-areas, and maize rough dwarf virus (mrdv) was the most predominant one in non-bt-areas, with mrdv an emergent virus in both types of areas. a decline in the occurrenc ... | 2009 | 19067216 |
| fatty acid patterns of genetically modified cry3bb1 expressing bt-maize mon88017 and its near-isogenic line. | fatty acid (fa) profiles of the bt-maize line mon88017 expressing the cry3bb1 protein and its near-isogenic line dkc5143 were examined. plant compartments under study included leaves taken from different internodes and roots. sample preparation involved pressurized liquid extraction (ple) of the biomass, transmethylation of the extracted lipids to give fatty acid methyl esters (fames), and finally gc-ms analysis. the essential quality parameters for the fa profiles included total fa and sum of s ... | 2009 | 19067518 |
| fitness costs of insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis. | evolution of resistance by insect pests threatens the continued effectiveness of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins in sprays and transgenic crops. fitness costs of bt resistance occur when, in the absence of bt toxins, fitness is lower for resistant insects than for susceptible insects. modeling results show that fitness costs can delay resistance by selecting against bt-resistant genotypes in refuges where insects are not exposed to bt toxins. in 77 studies including 18 species, fitness costs ... | 2009 | 19067630 |
| role of bacteria in the adsorption and binding of dna on soil colloids and minerals. | adsorption and desorption of salmon sperm dna on bacteria (bacillus thuringiensis, pseudomonas putida), two different colloidal fractions (organic and inorganic clay) from an alfisol, minerals (montmorillonite, kaolinite and goethite) and colloid-bacteria composites were studied. similar adsorption capacity and affinity of dna were observed on two bacterial cells. however, the two bacterial strains played different roles in affecting the adsorption of dna on the composites of soil colloidal part ... | 2009 | 19056251 |
| genomic structure and promoter analysis of pathogen-induced repat genes from spodoptera exigua. | the repat gene family encodes midgut proteins overexpressed in response to pathogen infection in the lepidopteran spodoptera exigua. up-regulation of repat genes has been observed after challenging the larvae with both bacillus thuringiensis toxins and after infection with the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. in our study, pcr amplification of the genomic region and genome walking were used to obtain the genomic structure and the sequence of the 5'-upstream regio ... | 2009 | 19076251 |
| effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on volatile terpenoid emissions and multitrophic communication of transgenic insecticidal oilseed rape (brassica napus). | does transgenically incorporated insect resistance affect constitutive and herbivore-inducible terpenoid emissions and multitrophic communication under elevated atmospheric co(2) or ozone (o(3))? this study aimed to clarify the possible interactions between allocation to direct defences (bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin production) and that to endogenous indirect defences under future climatic conditions. terpenoid emissions were measured from vegetative-stage non-bt and bt brassica napus grown ... | 2009 | 19076723 |
| transcriptional responses of bacillus subtillis and thuringiensis to antibiotics and anti-tumour drugs. | dna supercoiling is a major regulator of transcription in all organisms. this process is regulated by type i and type ii dna topoisomerases that are targets for microbial antibiotics and/or anti-tumour drugs. despite extensive studies in this field, no information is available on the response of bacillus (b) species to eukaryotic dna topoisomerase inhibitors. here we found that b. thuringiensis bmg1.7 and hd9 strains are sensitive to dna gyrase inhibitors (e.g. ciprofloxacin, novobiocin) and to ... | 2009 | 19082504 |
| the class iid bacteriocin thuricin-17 increases plant growth. | the mechanisms by which many plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) affect plants are unknown. we recently isolated a rhizosphere bacterium (bacillus thuringiensis neb17), that promotes soybean growth and screened the liquid growth medium in which it grew for plant growth stimulating materials. we have also shown that it produces a bacteriocin (named by us as thuricin-17 and a member of the recently described class iid bacteriocins). here we show that application of this bacteriocin to leav ... | 2009 | 19083012 |
| field trials to evaluate effects of bt-transgenic silage corn expressing the cry1ab insecticidal toxin on non-target soil arthropods in northern new england, usa. | traditionally, control of european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) hübner has been achieved through the use of chemical insecticides. with increasing emphasis on reducing pesticide inputs in agricultural production, alternative management technologies are now being used including transgenic silage corn modified to express cry1ab protein toxins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner. the cry1ab toxin is expressed by all plant cells and throughout the growing season. furthermore, the to ... | 2009 | 19083116 |
| crystal structure of the parasporin-2 bacillus thuringiensis toxin that recognizes cancer cells. | parasporin-2 is a protein toxin that is isolated from parasporal inclusions of the gram-positive bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. although b. thuringiensis is generally known as a valuable source of insecticidal toxins, parasporin-2 is not insecticidal, but has a strong cytocidal activity in liver and colon cancer cells. the 37-kda inactive nascent protein is proteolytically cleaved to the 30-kda active form that loses both the n-terminal and the c-terminal segments. accumulated cytological and ... | 2009 | 19094993 |
| characterization of the complete zwittermicin a biosynthesis gene cluster from bacillus cereus. | bacillus cereus uw85 produces the linear aminopolyol antibiotic zwittermicin a (zma). this antibiotic has diverse biological activities, such as suppression of disease in plants caused by protists, inhibition of fungal and bacterial growth, and amplification of the insecticidal activity of the toxin protein from bacillus thuringiensis. zma has an unusual chemical structure that includes a d amino acid and ethanolamine and glycolyl moieties, as well as having an unusual terminal amide that is gen ... | 2009 | 19098220 |
| photostabilization of bacillus thuringiensis fermented wastewater and wastewater sludge based biopesticides using additives. | photoprotection (against uv-a and uv-b radiations) of the active components of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki obtained from the fermentation of various culture media was investigated. the culture media comprised: starch industry wastewater; secondary wastewater sludge (non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed) and soya (used as a reference). photoprotection was carried out by using various uv-protection additives, namely, para-aminobenzoic acid, lignosulfonic acid and molasses at different concentrat ... | 2009 | 19100704 |
| lipid-induced conformation of helix 7 from the pore-forming domain of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba toxin: implications for toxicity mechanism. | helix 7 in the cry4ba-pore-forming domain contains conserved tyr(249) and phe(264) that are crucially involved in mosquito-larvicidal activity. we have now characterized lipid-induced conformation of a 27-residue cry4ba-alpha7 peptide in phospholipid membranes using atr-ftir and hydrogen/deuterium (h(+)/d(+)) exchange experiments. atr-ftir results showed that conformation of this peptide is influenced by lipid composition and peptide-lipid ratio. for zwitterionic membranes, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-gl ... | 2009 | 19103150 |
| variability in the cadherin gene in an ostrinia nubilalis strain selected for cry1ab resistance. | transgenic corn expressing cry1ab (a bacillus thuringiensis toxin) is highly effective in the control of ostrinia nubilalis. for its toxic action, cry1ab has to bind to specific insect midgut proteins. to date, in three lepidoptera species resistance to a cry1a toxin has been conferred by mutations in cadherin, a protein of the lepidoptera midgut membrane. the implication of cadherin in the resistance of an ostrinia nubilalis colony (europe-r) selected with bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab protoxin ... | 2009 | 19114103 |
| characterization of two novel cry8 genes from bacillus thuringiensis strain bt185. | two novel cry8-type genes, cry8ea1 and cry8fa1, obtained from a holotrichia parallela-specific bacillus thuringiensis strain, bt185, were characterized. findings showed that cry8ea1 and cry8fa1 encoded polypeptides of 1164 and 1174 amino acid residues, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of both cry8ea1 and cry8fa1 polypeptides are the most similar to that of cry8ba1. eight conserved blocks (blocks 1-8) exist in cry8ea1 and cry8fa1 polypeptides compared with known cry proteins. cry8ea ... | 2009 | 19130127 |
| doubts surround link between bt cotton failure and farmer suicide. | 2009 | 19131979 | |
| repetitive genome elements in a european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, bacterial artificial chromosome library were indicated by bacterial artificial chromosome end sequencing and development of sequence tag site markers: implications for lepidopteran genomic research. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, is a serious pest of food, fiber, and biofuel crops in europe, north america, and asia and a model system for insect olfaction and speciation. a bacterial artificial chromosome library constructed for o. nubilalis contains 36 864 clones with an estimated average insert size of >or=120 kb and genome coverage of 8.8-fold. screening onb1 clones comprising approximately 2.76 genome equivalents determined the physical position of 24 sequence tag site marke ... | 2009 | 19132072 |
| signaling versus punching hole: how do bacillus thuringiensis toxins kill insect midgut cells? | cry proteins, produced by bacillus thuringiensis (bt), are widely used for the control of insect pests in agriculture as spray products or expressed in transgenic crops, such as maize and cotton. little was known regarding the mechanism of action of these toxins when the first commercial bt product was introduced fifty years ago. however, research on the mechanism of action over the last two decades has enhanced our knowledge of toxin interaction with membrane receptors and their effects in inse ... | 2009 | 19132293 |
| expression and activity of a probable toxin from photorhabdus luminescens. | as an insect pathogen, photorhabdus luminescens possesses an arsenal of toxins. here we cloned and expressed a probable toxin from p. luminescens subsp. akhurstii ynd185, designated as photorhabdus insecticidal toxin (pit). the pit gene shares 94% nucleotide and 98% predicted amino acid sequence identity with plu1537, a predicted orf from p. luminescens subsp. laumondii tt01 and 30% predicted amino acid sequence similarity to a fragment of a 13.6 kda insecticidal crystal protein gene of bacillus ... | 2009 | 18409059 |
| occurrence of the transgenic corn cry1ab gene in freshwater mussels (elliptio complanata) near corn fields: evidence of exposure by bacterial ingestion. | the purpose of this study was to examine the contamination of cry1 and cry1ab genes from bacillus thuringiensis and transgenic corn in feral freshwater mussels collected from sites located in proximity of corn fields. in addition, mussels were transplanted for 2 months to a site in the huron river, upstream to the richelieu river, which is subject to intensive corn farming. mussels were significantly contaminated by both genes in their gills, digestive glands, and gonads, as determined by qpcr m ... | 2009 | 18397807 |
| isolation and characterization of bacillus thuringiensis for acid red 119 dye decolourisation. | studies were carried out to isolate acid red 119 (ar-119) resistant and decolourising bacteria from dye contaminated soil and water samples. six morphologically distinct bacterial isolates resistant to 100 ppm ar-119 dye were isolated directly from the soil and waste contaminated with azo dyes. the most efficient isolate, which showed decolourisation zone of 44 mm on 100 ppm ar-119 containing plate was identified as bacillus thuringiensis srdd. gradual adaptation increased the efficiency of the ... | 2009 | 18590958 |
| production of mrna from the cry1ac transgene differs among bollgard lines which correlates to the level of subsequent protein. | commercial cultivars of bollgard cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., differ in the amount of expressed cry1ac protein. however, the plant-mechanism for which this occurs is still unknown. using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr), we developed a method to determine if differences in the overall level of cry1ac among bollgard lines could be correlated to the mrna transcripts. our data shows that the cry1ac mrna transcript differs among bollgard lines and are correlated with corresp ... | 2009 | 18594999 |
| [characterization of bacillus thuringiensis spoiii d gene mutation]. | construction and characterization of a spoiii d gene deletion mutant of bacillus thuringiensis. | 2009 | 20030053 |
| identification and application of aflp-derived genetic markers for quantitative pcr-based tracking of bacillus and paenibacillus spp. released in soil. | in this study, we show that noncoding sequences from amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps) can provide robust and sensitive genetic markers suitable for pcr-based discrimination of closely related strains of bacillus and paenibacillus, and quantitative pcr (qpcr)-based tracking of the strains in complex natural systems like soil. quantitative pcr was accurate in the approximately 1 x 10(9) to approximately 1 x 10(4) colony forming units (cfu)/g soil range. the detection limit was impro ... | 2009 | 19935889 |
| candidate genes revealed by a genome scan for mosquito resistance to a bacterial insecticide: sequence and gene expression variations. | genome scans are becoming an increasingly popular approach to study the genetic basis of adaptation and speciation, but on their own, they are often helpless at identifying the specific gene(s) or mutation(s) targeted by selection. this shortcoming is hopefully bound to disappear in the near future, thanks to the wealth of new genomic resources that are currently being developed for many species. in this article, we provide a foretaste of this exciting new era by conducting a genome scan in the ... | 2009 | 19930593 |
| cry toxins and proteinase inhibitors in transgenic plants do have non-zero effects on natural enemies in the laboratory: rebuttal to shelton et al. 2009. | 2009 | 20021745 | |
| appropriate analytical methods are necessary to assess nontarget effects of insecticidal proteins in gm crops through meta-analysis (response to andow et al. 2009). | 2009 | 20021746 | |
| a genome-wide survey for host response of silkworm, bombyx mori during pathogen bacillus bombyseptieus infection. | host-pathogen interactions are complex relationships, and a central challenge is to reveal the interactions between pathogens and their hosts. bacillus bombysepticus (bb) which can produces spores and parasporal crystals was firstly separated from the corpses of the infected silkworms (bombyx mori). bb naturally infects the silkworm can cause an acute fuliginosa septicaemia and kill the silkworm larvae generally within one day in the hot and humid season. bb pathogen of the silkworm can be used ... | 2009 | 19956592 |
| effect of entomocidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis on ion permeability of apical membranes of tenebrio molitor larvae gut epithelium. | effects of entomocidal cry-type proteins, delta-endotoxins cry3a and cry11a produced by bacillus thuringiensis, on ion permeability of the apical membranes of intestinal epithelium from tenebrio molitor larvae midgut were studied. using potential-sensitive dyes safranine o and oxonol vi and deltaph indicator acridine orange, it was shown that placing brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) (loaded with mg2+ during their preparation) into a salt-free buffer medium resulted in spontaneous generation ... | 2009 | 19916922 |
| compositions of seed, forage, and processed fractions from insect-protected soybean mon 87701 are equivalent to those of conventional soybean. | monsanto co. has developed biotechnology-derived, insect-protected soybean mon 87701 that produces the cry1ac insecticidal crystal (delta-endotoxin) protein derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) subsp. kurstaki. cry1ac provides protection from feeding damage caused by certain targeted lepidopteran pests. the purpose of this work was to assess whether the compositions of seed, forage, and processed fractions (meal, oil, protein isolate, and lecithin) of mon 87701 are comparable to those of con ... | 2009 | 19891479 |
| identification of antifungal antibiotics of bacillus species isolated from different microhabitats using polymerase chain reaction and maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | although many bacillus species are known to be good antibiotic producers capable of acting as biocontrol agents, the underlying antimicrobial mechanisms are often poorly understood. in this study, 21 bacillus strains, demonstrating over 50% mycelial inhibition against sclerotinia sclerotiorum as well as significant control in plant assays, were examined for the presence of antibiotic biosynthetic genes. primers specific for bacillomycin d, iturin a, surfactin, mycosubtilin, fengycin, and zwitter ... | 2009 | 19898544 |
| transgenic amorphophallus konjac expressing synthesized acyl-homoserine lactonase (aiia) gene exhibit enhanced resistance to soft rot disease. | amorphophallus konjac is an important economic crop widely used in health products and biomaterials. however, this monocotyledonous plant's production is seriously restricted by soft rot disease. some bacillus thuringiensis strains generate an endocellular acyl homoserine lactonase (aiia), which has inhibitory effect on soft rot pathogen through disrupting the signal molecules (n-acylhomoserine lactones, ahl) of their quorum sensing system. the aim of our study is to obtain transgenic a. konjac ... | 2009 | 19898849 |
| transfer of bacillus cereus spores from packaging paper into food. | food packaging papers are not sterile, as the manufacturing is an open process, and the raw materials contain bacteria. we modeled the potential transfer of the bacillus cereus spores from packaging paper to food by using a green fluorescent protein-expressing construct of bacillus thuringiensis bt 407cry(-) [pht315omega(papha3-gfp)], abbreviated bt-1. paper (260 g m(-2)) containing bt-1 was manufactured with equipment that allowed fiber formation similar to that of full-scale manufactured paper ... | 2009 | 19903384 |
| immunization with cry1ac from bacillus thuringiensis increases intestinal igg response and induces the expression of fcrn in the intestinal epithelium of adult mice. | we have shown that cry1ac protoxin from bacillus thuringiensis is a potent mucosal and systemic immunogen with adjuvant properties. interestingly, we have observed that cry1ac preferentially induces high specific igg responses in intestinal fluid when it is intraperitoneally administered to mice; therefore, in the present study, we used this protocol, as a model to address the influence of systemic immunization on the induction of the intestinal igg response. the data shown indicate that upon in ... | 2009 | 19906202 |
| construction of a recombinant bacillus velezensis strain as an integrated control agent against plant diseases and insect pests. | to construct a new recombinant strain of bacillus velezensis that has antifungal and insecticidal activity via the expression of the insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein, a b. thuringiensis expression vector (pht1k-1ac) was generated that contained the b. thuringiensis cry1ac gene under the control of its endogenous promoter in a minimal e. coli-b. thuringiensis shuttle vector (pht1k). this vector was introduced into a b. velezensis isolate that showed high antifungal activities a ... | 2009 | 19884784 |
| effect of pesticides on adult rove beetle atheta coriaria (coleoptera: staphylinidae) survival in growing medium. | the rove beetle atheta coriaria (kraatz) (coleoptera: staphylinidae) is a natural enemy (biological control agent) commercially available for control of certain greenhouse insect pests, including fungus gnats, shore flies, and thrips. this study assessed the compatibility of pesticides (insecticides and fungicides) used in greenhouses with a. coriaria adults. treatments were applied to 473-ml deli squat containers half-filled with a growing medium. we evaluated the effects of the pesticides when ... | 2009 | 19886438 |
| lc and ld50 values of bacillus thuringiensis serovar japonensis strain buibui toxin to oriental beetle and northern masked chafer larvae (coleoptera: scarabaeidae). | bacillus thuringiensis serovar japonensis strain buibui has the potential to be an important control agent for pest scarabs. bioassays were designed to test b. t. japonensis against two of the major turf and ornamental scarab pests infesting turfgrasses and ornamentals and to serve as a basis for further tests against other scarab pests. lc and ld50 values of b. t. serovarjaponensis strain buibui toxin and spores were determined by four different bioassays for the oriental beetle, anomala orient ... | 2009 | 19886454 |
| response estimates for assessing heliothine susceptibility to bt toxins. | field and laboratory colonies of helicoverpa zea (boddie) and heliothis virescens (f.) were exposed to crylac and cry2ab2 toxins to compare different mortality and mortality + stunting responses. lethal concentrations for mortality (lc(50s)), molt inhibitory concentrations for mortality + surviving l1 larvae (mic(50s)), and inhibitory concentrations for mortality + surviving l1 and l2 larvae (ic(50s) were established to describe the different responses across a range of test concentrations. mic( ... | 2009 | 19886460 |
| green-tissue-specific, c(4)-pepc-promoter-driven expression of cry1ab makes transgenic potato plants resistant to tuber moth (phthorimaea operculella, zeller). | an important strategy for obtaining a safer transgenic plant may be the use of a spatial- or tissue-specific promoter, instead of a constitutive one. in this study, we have used a light-inducible maize pepc promoter to regulate the cry1ab gene, aiming to produce transgenic potatoes that are resistant to potato tuber moth (ptm) (phthorimaea operculella, zeller). out of 60 regenerated lines having normal phenotypes, 55 lines were pcr-positive for both the cry1ab and nptii genes. southern analysis ... | 2009 | 19882159 |
| effect of repeated application of microbial larvicides on malaria transmission in central côte d'ivoire. | the effect of repeated applications of bacillus thuringiensis var israeliensis (bti) and b. sphaericus (bs) on different entomologic parameters of malaria transmission was investigated in a village in central côte d'ivoire. the study area was monitored for potential mosquito breeding sites over a 7-month period. microbial larvicides were applied once every 3 wk; first bti (0.8 mg/liter), followed by bs (10 mg/liter) 3-4 days later. adult mosquitoes were collected inside and outside sentinel hous ... | 2009 | 19852233 |
| a novel l-isoleucine hydroxylating enzyme, l-isoleucine dioxygenase from bacillus thuringiensis, produces (2s,3r,4s)-4-hydroxyisoleucine. | the unique function of 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-hil) is to stimulate glucose-induced insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. 4-hil is distributed only in certain kinds of plants and mushrooms, but the biosynthetic mechanism of 4-hil has not been elucidated. moreover, 4-hil-producing microorganisms have not been reported. l-isoleucine (l-ile) hydroxylating activity producing 4-hil was detected in a cell lysate of bacillus thuringiensis strain 2e2 aku 0251 obtained from the mid-late exponen ... | 2009 | 19850012 |
| ser170 of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab delta-endotoxin becomes anchored in a hydrophobic moiety upon insertion of this protein into manduca sexta brush border membranes. | three spin-labeled mutant proteins, mutated at the beginning, middle, and end of alpha-helix 5 of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab delta-endotoxin, were used to study the involvement of these specific amino acid residues in ion transport and to determine conformational changes in the vicinity of these residues when the protein was translocated into a biological membrane. | 2009 | 19840388 |
| [synergistic action of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes and the bacteria bacillus thuringiensis ssp. morrisoni in the infection of colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata]. | a synchronous coinfection of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (say) with the entomopathogenic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis ssp. morrisoni bonnifoi & de barjak var. tenebrionis krieg et al. and hyphomycete metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorokin or beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuill leads to the rapid death of 95-100% of larvae. the bacteria arrest the nutrition of insects, while the fungal spores kill the weakened larvae. the synergistic effect of two pathogens is recorded ... | 2009 | 19845290 |
| bacillus thuringiensis conjugation in simulated microgravity. | spaceflight experiments have suggested a possible effect of microgravity on the plasmid transfer among strains of the gram-positive bacillus thuringiensis, as opposed to no effect recorded for gram-negative conjugation. to investigate these potential effects in a more affordable experimental setup, three ground-based microgravity simulators were tested: the rotating wall vessel (rwv), the random positioning machine (rpm), and a superconducting magnet. the bacterial conjugative system consisted i ... | 2009 | 19845449 |
| oligomerization of cry11aa from bacillus thuringiensis has an important role in toxicity against aedes aegypti. | cry11aa and cyt1aa of bacillus thuringiensis are active against mosquitoes and show synergism. cyt1aa functions as a membrane receptor inducing cry11aa oligomerization. here we characterized cry11aa helix alpha-3 mutants impaired in oligomerization and toxicity against aedes aegypti, indicating that oligomerization of cry11aa is important for toxin action. cyt1aa did not recover the insecticidal activity of cry11aa mutants. | 2009 | 19820153 |
| optimization of process parameters for maximum poly(-beta-)hydroxybutyrate (phb) production by bacillus thuringiensis iam 12077. | the study aimed at screening and identifying a potential poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb) accumulating bacillus strain and optimization of media parameters for increased phb production by the strain. a gram-positive bacterium that accumulated phb was isolated from local garden soil of bangalore. based on morphological and physiological properties, and nucleotide sequence (about 1.5 kb) of its 16s rdna it was identified as bacillus thuringiensis iam 12077. phb production was found to be comparable ... | 2009 | 19824399 |
| the occurrence, biodiversity and toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from the insect pest lymantria dispar (poland). | the aim of this investigation was to survey the occurrence, biodiversity, and toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis strains originating from dead caterpillars of the forest pest, lymantria dispar (lepidoptera). morphological, biochemical, and microscopic identification of isolates from the insects showed the presence of five different bacillus species, including 2% of b. thuringiensis. based on the biochemical profiles, the b. thuringiensis were determined to be b. thuringiensis finitimus-like and ... | 2009 | 19824400 |
| stability of cry1ab protein during long-term storage for standardization of insect bioassays. | the reliable use of purified cry1ab protein standards is a prerequisite for ecological studies and resistance monitoring programs of cry1ab-expressing transgenic corn. in this study the stability and activity of different cry1ab protein batches expressed in and purified from escherichia coli were determined during two-year storage at different temperature conditions (4 degrees c, -20 degrees c, and -80 degrees c). sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed degradation of the protein stored at ... | 2009 | 19833078 |
| interaction between beauveria bassiana and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for the control of house fly larvae and adults in poultry houses. | field trials were carried out in the poultry houses to determine if a spray formulation of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin isolate r444 would enhance the control potential of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) applied in chicken feed as a larvicide against house fly larvae and the emergence of adult house flies. the trials compared larval mortalities and adult house fly emergence that resulted from the bti plus b. bassiana treatments with those resulting from a commercial larvi ... | 2009 | 19834080 |
| extraction and separation of water-soluble proteins from bacillus thuringiensis-transgenic and non-transgenic maize species by cze. | a new method for extraction and cze separation and characterization of water-soluble proteins (albumin fraction) from bacillus thuringiensis-transgenic and non-transgenic maize varieties was developed. protein content in the extracts from maize flours was estimated by uv-absorbance at 280 nm and lowry protein assay. protein extracts were analyzed by cze in four acidic bges (100 mm h(3)po(4), 50 mm tris, ph 2.25; 500 mm acetic acid, ph 2.6; 200 mm formic acid, 200 mm acetic acid, ph 2.05; 200 mm ... | 2009 | 19813231 |
| expression of cry3bb1 in transgenic corn mon88017. | to evaluate the effects of transgenic expression of coleopteran-specific bt protein cry3bb1 on target and nontarget insects in fields with bt crops, it is necessary to quantify the cry3bb1 contents in the plants. here, we describe the optimization and validation of the quantitative detection of cry3bb1 by adapting the commercially available qualitative pathoscreen double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa) for quantitative measurements. the optimized method had an ave ... | 2009 | 19813729 |