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comparison of the bd max enteric bacterial panel to routine culture methods for detection of campylobacter, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (o157), salmonella, and shigella isolates in preserved stool specimens.we compared the bd max enteric bacterial panel (ebp) to culture for the detection of salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, and shiga toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157 in seeded stool samples. the ebp panel demonstrated superior sensitivity and reliably detected salmonella, ehec o157, shigella, and campylobacter at concentrations 1- to 2-log10 lower than those needed for culture detection.201424430460
evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification suite for the rapid, reliable, and robust detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in produce.shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains are a leading cause of produce-associated outbreaks in the united states. rapid, reliable, and robust detection methods are needed to better ensure produce safety. we recently developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) suite for stec detection. in this study, the stec lamp suite was comprehensively evaluated against real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) using a large panel of bacterial strains (n = 156) and various produce items (s ...201424509927
distribution of indigenous bacterial pathogens and potential pathogens associated with roof-harvested rainwater.the harvesting of rainwater is gaining acceptance among many governmental authorities in countries such as australia, germany, and south africa, among others. however, conflicting reports on the microbial quality of harvested rainwater have been published. to monitor the presence of potential pathogenic bacteria during high-rainfall periods, rainwater from 29 rainwater tanks was sampled on four occasions (during june and august 2012) in a sustainable housing project in kleinmond, south africa. t ...201424487540
comparative analysis and limitations of ethidium monoazide and propidium monoazide treatments for the differentiation of viable and nonviable campylobacter cells.the lack of differentiation between viable and nonviable bacterial cells limits the implementation of pcr-based methods for routine diagnostic approaches. recently, the combination of a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) and ethidium monoazide (ema) or propidium monoazide (pma) pretreatment has been described to circumvent this disadvantage. in regard to the suitability of this approach for campylobacter spp., conflicting results have been reported. thus, we compared the suitabilities of ema and ...201424487529
molecular testing for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigations of intestinal parasitic infections.over the past few decades, nucleic acid-based methods have been developed for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections. advantages of nucleic acid-based methods are numerous; typically, these include increased sensitivity and specificity and simpler standardization of diagnostic procedures. dna samples can also be stored and used for genetic characterization and molecular typing, providing a valuable tool for surveys and surveillance studies. a variety of technologies have been applied, ...201424696439
[bacterial biofilms: their importance in animal health and public health].bacterial biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymer matrix that is attached to a surface. biofilms protect and allow bacteria to survive and thrive in hostile environments. bacteria within biofilms can withstand host immune responses, and are much less susceptible to antibiotics and disinfectants when compared to their planktonic counterparts. the ability to form biofilms is now considered an attribute of many microorganisms. diseases associated w ...201424688172
perspectives in the use of tannins as alternative to antimicrobial growth promoter factors in poultry.antibiotics have been included in the formulation of feed for livestock production for more than 40 years as a strategy to improve feed conversion rates and to reduce costs. the use of antimicrobials as growth-promoting factors (agp) in sub-therapeutic doses for long periods is particularly favorable for the selection of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms. in the last years, global concern about development of antimicrobial resistance and transference of resistance genes from animal to human ...201424723916
a reference pan-genome approach to comparative bacterial genomics: identification of novel epidemiological markers in pathogenic campylobacter.the increasing availability of hundreds of whole bacterial genomes provides opportunities for enhanced understanding of the genes and alleles responsible for clinically important phenotypes and how they evolved. however, it is a significant challenge to develop easy-to-use and scalable methods for characterizing these large and complex data and relating it to disease epidemiology. existing approaches typically focus on either homologous sequence variation in genes that are shared by all isolates ...201424676150
alternative bacteriophage life cycles: the carrier state of campylobacter jejuni.members of the genus campylobacter are frequently responsible for human enteric disease, often through consumption of contaminated poultry products. bacteriophages are viruses that have the potential to control pathogenic bacteria, but understanding their complex life cycles is key to their successful exploitation. treatment of campylobacter jejuni biofilms with bacteriophages led to the discovery that phages had established a relationship with their hosts typical of the carrier state life cycle ...201424671947
draft genome sequence of campylobacter coli strain ipsid-1 isolated from a patient with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease.the genome sequence and annotation of campylobacter coli strain ipsid-1 are reported here. this bacterial isolate is the first to be cultured from a patient with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (ipsid). the draft genome sequence is 1.683 mb long, comprises 64 contigs, and has 31.26% g+c content.201424625865
a multiplex pcr/ldr assay for simultaneous detection and identification of the niaid category b bacterial food and water-borne pathogens.enteric pathogens that cause gastroenteritis remain a major global health concern. the goal of this study was to develop a multiplex pcr/ligation detection reaction (ldr) assay for the detection of all niaid category b bacterial food and water-borne pathogens directly from stool specimens. to validate the pcr/ldr assay, clinical isolates of campylobacter spp., vibrio spp., shigella spp., salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, yersinia enterocolitica, and diarrheagenic escherichia coli were tes ...201424709368
prevalence of virulence genes in strains of campylobacter jejuni isolated from human, bovine and broiler.campylobacter jejuni isolates of different origins (bovine, broiler meat, human) were screened by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of 4 genes cdtb, cst-ii, ggt, and virb11, previously linked to virulence such as adherence, invasion, colonization, molecular mimicry, and cytotoxin production. in addition, the isolates were screened for the presence of the global gene regulator csra linked to oxidative stress responses, biofilms formation, and cell adhesion. all the c. jejuni isolates wer ...201424688515
prevalence of virulence genes in strains of campylobacter jejuni isolated from human, bovine and broiler.campylobacter jejuni isolates of different origins (bovine, broiler meat, human) were screened by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of 4 genes cdtb, cst-ii, ggt, and virb11, previously linked to virulence such as adherence, invasion, colonization, molecular mimicry, and cytotoxin production. in addition, the isolates were screened for the presence of the global gene regulator csra linked to oxidative stress responses, biofilms formation, and cell adhesion. all the c. jejuni isolates wer ...201424688515
prevalence and pathogenic potential of campylobacter isolates from free-living, human-commensal american crows.recent studies have suggested a potential role for wild birds in zoonotic transmission of campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. in this study, we detected campylobacter spp. in 66.9% (85/127) of free-ranging american crows (corvus brachyrhyncos) sampled in the sacramento valley of california in 2012 and 2013. biochemical testing and sequence analysis of 16s rrna revealed that 93% of isolates (n = 70) were c. jejuni, with cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) ...201424375131
divergent distribution of the sensor kinase coss in non-thermotolerant campylobacter species and its functional incompatibility with the response regulator cosr of campylobacter jejuni.two-component signal transduction systems are commonly composed of a sensor histidine kinase and a cognate response regulator, modulating gene expression in response to environmental changes through a phosphorylation-dependent process. cosr is an ompr-type response regulator essential for the viability of campylobacter jejuni, a major foodborne pathogenic species causing human gastroenteritis. although cosr is a response regulator, its cognate sensor kinase has not been identified in c. jejuni. ...201424587027
antimicrobial resistance of bacterial enteropathogens isolated from stools in madagascar.diarrheal diseases are a major public health problem in developing countries, and are one of the main causes of hospital admissions in madagascar. the pasteur institute of madagascar undertook a study to determine the prevalence and the pathogenicity of bacterial, viral and protozoal enteropathogens in diarrheal and non-diarrheal stools of children aged less than 5 years in madagascar. we present here the results of the analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria isolated during thi ...201424568189
comparative genomics of unintrogressed campylobacter coli clades 2 and 3.campylobacter jejuni and c. coli share a multitude of risk factors associated with human gastrointestinal disease, yet their phylogeny differs significantly. c. jejuni is scattered into several lineages, with no apparent linkage, whereas c. coli clusters into three distinct phylogenetic groups (clades) of which clade 1 has shown extensive genome-wide introgression with c. jejuni, yet the other two clades (2 and 3) have less than 2% of c. jejuni ancestry. we characterized a c. coli strain (76339) ...201424524824
a severe case of persistent diarrhoea associated with arcobacter cryaerophilus but attributed to campylobacter sp. and a review of the clinical incidence of arcobacter spp.although rarely, arcobacter spp. have been associated with diarrhoea and bacteraemia. we report a persistent case in a healthy 26-year-old spanish male of bloody diarrhoea, which was attributed to campylobacter but in fact was caused by arcobacter cryaerophilus, as determined by sequencing of the rpob gene. the isolate was re-identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (maldi-tof) and genotyped for five putative virulence genes and for seven genes included in the arc ...201425356338
comparison of conventional pcr, multiplex pcr, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for rapid detection of arcobacter species.this study aimed to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for the rapid detection of arcobacter species. specific primers targeting the 23s ribosomal rna gene were used to detect arcobacter butzleri, arcobacter cryaerophilus, and arcobacter skirrowii. the specificity of the lamp primer set was assessed using dna samples from a panel of arcobacter and campylobacter species, and the sensitivity was determined using serial dilutions of arcobacter species cultures. lamp show ...201424478488
intersubspecific recombination in xylella fastidiosa strains native to the united states: infection of novel hosts associated with an unsuccessful invasion.the bacterial pathogen xylella fastidiosa infects xylem and causes disease in many plant species in the americas. different subspecies of this bacterium and different genotypes within subspecies infect different plant hosts, but the genetics of host adaptation are unknown. here we examined the hypothesis that the introduction of novel genetic variation via intersubspecific homologous recombination (ihr) facilitates host shifts. we investigated ihr in 33 x. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex isolates pr ...201424296499
biological roles of the o-methyl phosphoramidate capsule modification in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of this organism is required for persistence and disease. c. jejuni produces over 47 different capsular structures, including a unique o-methyl phosphoramidate (meopn) modification present on most c. jejuni isolates. although the meopn structure is rare in nature it has structural similarity to some synthetic pesticides. in this study, we have demonstrated, by whole genome comparis ...201424498018
presence and analysis of plasmids in human and animal associated arcobacter species.in this study, we report the screening of four arcobacter species for the presence of small and large plasmids. plasmids were present in 9.9% of the 273 examined strains. one arcobacter cryaerophilus and four arcobacter butzleri plasmids were selected for further sequencing. the size of three small plasmids isolated from a. butzleri and the one from a. cryaerophilus strains ranged between 4.8 and 5.1 kb, and the size of the large plasmid, isolated from a. butzleri, was 27.4 kbp. the g+c content ...201424465575
detection of cdt toxin genes in campylobacter spp. strains isolated from broiler carcasses and vegetables in são paulo, brazil.campylobacteriosis is a worldwide distributed zoonosis. one of the main virulence factors related to campylobacter spp. in animals and humans is the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), encoded by three adjacent genes (cdta, cdtb, cdtc). the occurrence of campylobacter spp. in samples of vegetables has not been reported in brazil yet, and has seldom been described in the international literature. the detection of cdt in these strains has not been reported, either. the objectives of the present stu ...201424516435
detection of cdt toxin genes in campylobacter spp. strains isolated from broiler carcasses and vegetables in são paulo, brazil.campylobacteriosis is a worldwide distributed zoonosis. one of the main virulence factors related to campylobacter spp. in animals and humans is the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), encoded by three adjacent genes (cdta, cdtb, cdtc). the occurrence of campylobacter spp. in samples of vegetables has not been reported in brazil yet, and has seldom been described in the international literature. the detection of cdt in these strains has not been reported, either. the objectives of the present stu ...201424516435
isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of campylobacter species among diarrheic children at jimma, ethiopia.introduction. campylobacter is one of the leading bacterial causes of food-borne disease. the prevalence of campylobacter species resistant to antimicrobial agents is increasing. this study is intended to determine prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of campylobacter species among under-five children with diarrhea. methodology. a cross-sectional study was conducted among 227 under-five children with diarrhea from july to october 2012 at jimma town. isolation and identification o ...201426904735
the renaissance of bacillosamine and its derivatives: pathway characterization and implications in pathogenicity.prokaryote-specific sugars, including n,n'-diacetylbacillosamine (dinacbac) and pseudaminic acid, have experienced a renaissance in the past decade because of their discovery in glycans related to microbial pathogenicity. dinacbac is found at the reducing end of oligosaccharides of n- and o-linked bacterial protein glycosylation pathways of gram-negative pathogens, including campylobacter jejuni and neisseria gonorrhoeae. further derivatization of dinacbac results in the nonulosonic acid known a ...201424383882
comparison of characteristics of patients infected by campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter fetus.a large database of campylobacter isolates precisely identified at the species level was used to compare patients' characteristics. in a multivariate analysis, campylobacter coli was found more often in older patients and in patients having traveled abroad and less often in summertime than campylobacter jejuni. campylobacter fetus infection occurred in much older patients and in hospitalized patients with a systemic disease.201424197884
lipooligosaccharide locus class of campylobacter jejuni: sialylation is not needed for invasive infection.campylobacter jejuni is a highly diverse enteropathogen that is commonly detected worldwide. it can sometimes cause bacteraemia, but the bacterial characteristics facilitating bloodstream infection are not known. a total of 73 c. jejuni isolates, consecutively collected from blood-borne infections during a 10-year period all over finland and for which detailed clinical information of the patients were available, were included. we screened the isolates by pcr for the lipooligosaccharide (los) loc ...201424102802
lipooligosaccharide locus class of campylobacter jejuni: sialylation is not needed for invasive infection.campylobacter jejuni is a highly diverse enteropathogen that is commonly detected worldwide. it can sometimes cause bacteraemia, but the bacterial characteristics facilitating bloodstream infection are not known. a total of 73 c. jejuni isolates, consecutively collected from blood-borne infections during a 10-year period all over finland and for which detailed clinical information of the patients were available, were included. we screened the isolates by pcr for the lipooligosaccharide (los) loc ...201424102802
target optimization for peptide nucleic acid (pna)-mediated antisense inhibition of the cmeabc multidrug efflux pump in campylobacter jejuni.cmeabc is a resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd)-type multidrug efflux pump conferring resistance to clinically important antibiotics in campylobacter. this study aimed to identify the optimal target sites for the inhibition of cmeabc with antisense peptide nucleic acid (pna).201424084637
target optimization for peptide nucleic acid (pna)-mediated antisense inhibition of the cmeabc multidrug efflux pump in campylobacter jejuni.cmeabc is a resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd)-type multidrug efflux pump conferring resistance to clinically important antibiotics in campylobacter. this study aimed to identify the optimal target sites for the inhibition of cmeabc with antisense peptide nucleic acid (pna).201424084637
an epidemiological investigation of campylobacter in pig and poultry farms in the mekong delta of vietnam.campylobacter are zoonotic pathogens commonly associated with gastroenteritis. to assess the relevance of campylobacter in vietnam, an economically transitioning country in se asia, we conducted a survey of 343 pig and poultry farms in the mekong delta, a region characterized by mixed species farming with limited biosecurity. the animal-level prevalence of campylobacter was 31·9%, 23·9% and 53·7% for chickens, ducks and pigs, respectively. c. jejuni was predominant in all three host species, wit ...201424067502
an epidemiological investigation of campylobacter in pig and poultry farms in the mekong delta of vietnam.campylobacter are zoonotic pathogens commonly associated with gastroenteritis. to assess the relevance of campylobacter in vietnam, an economically transitioning country in se asia, we conducted a survey of 343 pig and poultry farms in the mekong delta, a region characterized by mixed species farming with limited biosecurity. the animal-level prevalence of campylobacter was 31·9%, 23·9% and 53·7% for chickens, ducks and pigs, respectively. c. jejuni was predominant in all three host species, wit ...201424067502
identification and characterization of an invasion antigen b gene from the oral pathogen campylobacter rectus.the oral bacterium, campylobacter rectus, is an etiological agent of periodontitis. the virulence genes of c. rectus are largely unknown. the aim of this study was to query c. rectus for the presence of an invasion antigen b (ciab) gene, which is needed for cell invasion by the related species campylobacter jejuni. pcr and pcr-walking identified a ciab from c. rectus. in silico analyses of c. rectus 314 ciab (cr-ciab) revealed an orf of 1,830 base pairs. the cr-ciab protein shared significant se ...201424426164
identification and characterization of an invasion antigen b gene from the oral pathogen campylobacter rectus.the oral bacterium, campylobacter rectus, is an etiological agent of periodontitis. the virulence genes of c. rectus are largely unknown. the aim of this study was to query c. rectus for the presence of an invasion antigen b (ciab) gene, which is needed for cell invasion by the related species campylobacter jejuni. pcr and pcr-walking identified a ciab from c. rectus. in silico analyses of c. rectus 314 ciab (cr-ciab) revealed an orf of 1,830 base pairs. the cr-ciab protein shared significant se ...201424426164
from deep-sea volcanoes to human pathogens: a conserved quorum-sensing signal in epsilonproteobacteria.chemosynthetic epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents colonize substrates exposed to steep thermal and redox gradients. in many bacteria, substrate attachment, biofilm formation, expression of virulence genes and host colonization are partly controlled via a cell density-dependent mechanism involving signal molecules, known as quorum sensing. within the epsilonproteobacteria, quorum sensing has been investigated only in human pathogens that use the luxs/autoinducer-2 (ai-2) mecha ...201425397946
from deep-sea volcanoes to human pathogens: a conserved quorum-sensing signal in epsilonproteobacteria.chemosynthetic epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents colonize substrates exposed to steep thermal and redox gradients. in many bacteria, substrate attachment, biofilm formation, expression of virulence genes and host colonization are partly controlled via a cell density-dependent mechanism involving signal molecules, known as quorum sensing. within the epsilonproteobacteria, quorum sensing has been investigated only in human pathogens that use the luxs/autoinducer-2 (ai-2) mecha ...201425397946
novel microbiological and spatial statistical methods to improve strength of epidemiological evidence in a community-wide waterborne outbreak.failures in the drinking water distribution system cause gastrointestinal outbreaks with multiple pathogens. a water distribution pipe breakage caused a community-wide waterborne outbreak in vuorela, finland, july 2012. we investigated this outbreak with advanced epidemiological and microbiological methods. a total of 473/2931 inhabitants (16%) responded to a web-based questionnaire. water and patient samples were subjected to analysis of multiple microbial targets, molecular typing and microbia ...201425147923
ultrastructure and complex polar architecture of the human pathogen campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is one of the most successful food-borne human pathogens. here we use electron cryotomography to explore the ultrastructure of c. jejuni cells in logarithmically growing cultures. this provides the first look at this pathogen in a near-native state at macromolecular resolution (~5 nm). we find a surprisingly complex polar architecture that includes ribosome exclusion zones, polyphosphate storage granules, extensive collar-shaped chemoreceptor arrays, and elaborate flagellar ...201425065852
microbial typing by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: do we need guidance for data interpretation?the integration of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) in clinical microbiology has revolutionized species identification of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. however, beyond straightforward identification, the method has also been suggested to have the potential for subspecies-level or even type-level epidemiological analyses. this minireview explores maldi-tof ms-based typing, which has already been performed on many clinically relevant specie ...201425056329
microbial typing by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: do we need guidance for data interpretation?the integration of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) in clinical microbiology has revolutionized species identification of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. however, beyond straightforward identification, the method has also been suggested to have the potential for subspecies-level or even type-level epidemiological analyses. this minireview explores maldi-tof ms-based typing, which has already been performed on many clinically relevant specie ...201425056329
neurological disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases.extraintestinal manifestations occur in about one-third of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and may precede the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms by many years. neurologic disorders associated with ibd are not frequent, being reported in 3% of patients, but they often represent an important cause of morbidity and a relevant diagnostic issue. in addition, the increasing use of immunosuppressant and biological therapies for ibd may also play a pivotal role in the development ...201425083051
genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni isolates associated with sheep abortion in the united states and great britain.campylobacter infection is a leading cause of ovine abortion worldwide. historically, genetically diverse campylobacter fetus and campylobacter jejuni strains have been implicated in such infections, but since 2003 a highly pathogenic, tetracycline-resistant c. jejuni clone (named sa) has become the predominant cause of sheep abortions in the united states. whether clone sa was present in earlier u.s. abortion isolates (before 2000) and is associated with sheep abortions outside the united state ...201424648552
the role of crispr-cas systems in virulence of pathogenic bacteria.clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) and crispr-associated (cas) genes are present in many bacterial and archaeal genomes. since the discovery of the typical crispr loci in the 1980s, well before their physiological role was revealed, their variable sequences have been used as a complementary typing tool in diagnostic, epidemiologic, and evolutionary analyses of prokaryotic strains. the discovery that crispr spacers are often identical to sequence fragments of mobil ...201424600041
a case of bacteremia caused by campylobacter fetus: an unusual presentation in an infant.bacteremia due to campylobacter spp. is rarely reported, and campylobacter fetus is the species most commonly exhibiting vascular tropism, as occurred in this case report describing the diagnosis of c. fetus bacteremia in an infant presenting with respiratory tract infection. a 5-month-old baby, with undiagnosed failure to thrive, presented to the acute care service with a high fever and respiratory symptoms of 2 days duration. the initial clinical and laboratory diagnosis suggested bacteremia, ...201424596467
s-layers: principles and applications.monomolecular arrays of protein or glycoprotein subunits forming surface layers (s-layers) are one of the most commonly observed prokaryotic cell envelope components. s-layers are generally the most abundantly expressed proteins, have been observed in species of nearly every taxonomical group of walled bacteria, and represent an almost universal feature of archaeal envelopes. the isoporous lattices completely covering the cell surface provide organisms with various selection advantages including ...201424483139
identification of a broad family of lipid a late acyltransferases with non-canonical substrate specificity.most gram-negative organisms produce lipopolysaccharide (lps), a complex macromolecule anchored to the bacterial membrane by the lipid a moiety. lipid a is synthesized via the raetz pathway, a conserved nine-step enzymatic process first characterized in escherichia coli. the epsilonproteobacterium helicobacter pylori uses the raetz pathway to synthesize lipid a; however, only eight of nine enzymes in the pathway have been identified in this organism. here, we identify the missing acyltransferase ...201424372821
screening of genes expressed in vivo during interaction between chicken and campylobacter jejuni.chicken are considered as the most important source of human infection by campylobacter jejuni, which primarily arises from contaminated poultry meats. however, the genes expressed in vivo of the interaction between chicken and c. jejuni have not been screened. in this regard, in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat) was applied to identify expressed genes in vivo during interaction between chicken and c. jejuni, a prevalent foodborne pathogen worldwide. chicken sera were obtained by inoculati ...201424225374
molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni human and chicken isolates from two health units.a study was conducted over a 2-year period in the perth district and wellington-dufferin-guelph health units in ontario, with an objective of using comparative genomic fingerprinting (cgf) with a 40-gene assay (cgf40) to investigate the association between human cases of campylobacteriosis and spatially and temporally related campylobacter isolates from retail chicken. cgf results were available for isolates from 115 human cases and 718 retail chicken samples. these data were combined with cgf r ...201424219173
chest pain and diarrhea: a case of campylobacter jejuni-associated myocarditis.diarrhea and chest pain are common symptoms in patients presenting to the emergency department (ed). however, rarely is a relationship between these two symptoms established in a single patient.201424188611
increased incidence of campylobacter jejuni-associated guillain-barré syndromes in the greater paris area.the role of campylobacter jejuni as the triggering agent of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) has not been reassessed since the end of the 1990s in france. we report that the number of c. jejuni-related gbs cases increased continuously between 1996 and 2007 in the paris region (mean annual increment: 7%, p = 0·007).201424107359
cow's milk with active immunoglobulins against campylobacter jejuni: effects of temperature on immunoglobulin activity.adult holstein cows were injected with an antiserum against campylobacter jejuni and immunoglobulin activities in vitro were determined in blood and milk several weeks after injection. the immunoactivity of immunoglobulins in milk was measured by an elisa after different temperature-time treatments (60-91°c and 4-3600 s) at laboratory and pilot-plant scales. kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined.201424105722
quantitative assessment of infection risk from exposure to waterborne pathogens in urban floodwater.flooding and heavy rainfall have been associated with waterborne infectious disease outbreaks, however, it is unclear to which extent they pose a risk for public health. here, risks of infection from exposure to urban floodwater were assessed using quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra). to that aim, urban floodwaters were sampled in the netherlands during 23 events in 2011 and 2012. the water contained campylobacter jejuni (prevalence 61%, range 14- >10(3) mpn/l), giardia spp. (35%, 0.1- ...201424095592
binational outbreak of guillain-barré syndrome associated with campylobacter jejuni infection, mexico and usa, 2011.in june 2011, a cluster of suspected cases of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), which can follow campylobacter jejuni infection, was identified in san luis río colorado (slrc), sonora, mexico and yuma county, arizona, usa. an outbreak investigation identified 26 patients (18 from sonora, eight from arizona) with onset of gbs 4 may-21 july 2011, exceeding the expected number of cases (n = 1-2). twenty-one (81%) patients reported antecedent diarrhoea, and 61% of 18 patients tested were seropositive f ...201423924442
campylobacter infection associated with consumption of duck liver pâté: a retrospective cohort study in the setting of near universal exposure.a retrospective cohort study was performed following several reported cases of gastrointestinal illness after a catered event. the attack rate was 45/77 (58·4%) by clinical case definition, with four individuals confirmed to have campylobacter. there was near universal exposure to most foodstuffs served; consumption of duck liver pâté [relative risk (rr) 2·53, 95% confidence interval (ci) 1·05-6·10], mixed leaf salad (rr 2·91, 95% ci 1·22-6·92) and table water (rr undefined, p < 0·01) were assoc ...201423953682
campylobacteriosis in returning travellers and potential secondary transmission of exotic strains.multilocus sequence types (sts) were determined for 232 and 737 campylobacter jejuni/coli isolates from dutch travellers and domestically acquired cases, respectively. putative risk factors for travel-related campylobacteriosis, and for domestically acquired campylobacteriosis caused by exotic sts (putatively carried by returning travellers), were investigated. travelling to asia, africa, latin america and the caribbean, and southern europe significantly increased the risk of acquiring campyloba ...201423962634
temporal and farm-management-associated variation in faecal pat prevalence of arcobacter spp. in ruminants.in a 2-year longitudinal study of adult animals on 15 dairy farms and four sheep farms in lancashire, uk, arcobacter spp. were isolated from all farms although not at every sampling occasion. faecal samples were collected and cultured using standard techniques for isolation of campylobacters. assignment to species was via pcr assays. apparent prevalence of arcobacter spp. was higher in dairy cattle compared to sheep (40.1% vs. 8%, p < 0.001) and in housed cattle compared to cattle at pasture (50 ...201423830295
antibacterial and antioxidant activities in extracts of fully grown cladodes of 8 cultivars of cactus pear.the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some cultivars of the nopal cactus have not been determined. in this study, 8 cultivars of nopal cacti from mexico were assayed for phenolic content, antioxidant activities, and antimicrobial activities against campylobacter jejuni, vibrio cholera, and clostridium perfringens. plant material was washed, dried, and macerated in methanol. minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) were determined using the broth microdilution method. antioxidant acti ...201424621296
detection and characterization of campylobacter spp. from 40 dairy cattle herds in quebec, canada.dairy cattle are considered a campylobacter reservoir in the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis. currently, very little data on the prevalence of campylobacter in dairy herds are available in the province of quebec, canada. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of campylobacter associated with management practices in 40 dairy cattle herds as well as to characterize the bacterial genetic diversity. fecal samples from 797 lactating cows of 40 dairy farms, water provided to a ...201424617502
characterization and reactivity of broiler chicken sera to selected recombinant campylobacter jejuni chemotactic proteins.campylobacter jejuni, a gram-negative rod bacterium, is the leading causative agent of human acute bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. consumption and handling of raw or undercooked poultry are regarded as a major source for human infection. because bacterial chemotaxis guides microorganisms to colonization and invasion in the host cells, proteins involved in chemotactic processes can be novel targets for vaccine development. in this communication, we report amplification, cloning and expressio ...201424609189
effects of commercial marinade seasoning and a natural blend of cultured sugar and vinegar on campylobacter jejuni and salmonella typhimurium and the texture of chicken breasts.marination using various ingredients has been widely used to improve microbial safety and quality of chicken products at retail markets. the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of commercial marinade seasoning and cultured sugar/vinegar blend on campylobacter jejuni and salmonella typhimurium populations during refrigerated storage. in addition, their effects on the texture of precooked chicken breasts during frozen and refrigerated storage was investigated. chicken breasts in ...201424604867
health risk assessment for splash parks that use rainwater as source water.in the netherlands, rainwater becomes more and more popular as an economic and environmentally sustainable water source for splash parks, however, the associated public health risk and underlying risk factors are unknown. since splash parks have been associated with outbreaks of infectious diseases, a quantitative microbial risk assessment was performed using legionella pneumophila as a target pathogen to quantify the risk of infection for exposure due to inhalation and campylobacter jejuni for ...201424576701
consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk and milk products by pregnant women and children.sales of raw or unpasteurized milk and milk products are still legal in at least 30 states in the united states. raw milk and milk products from cows, goats, and sheep continue to be a source of bacterial infections attributable to a number of virulent pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella species, brucella species, and escherichia coli o157. these infections can occur in both healthy and immunocompromised individuals, including older adults, infants, youn ...201424344105
a modified molecular beacons-based multiplex real-time pcr assay for simultaneous detection of eight foodborne pathogens in a single reaction and its application.foodborne disease outbreaks are often caused by one of the major pathogens. early identification of the causal pathogen is crucial for disease control and prevention. we describe a real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtpcr) assay that can identify, in a single reaction, up to eight common foodborne bacterial pathogens, including salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157, vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus, campylobacter jejuni, enterobacter sakazakii ...201424328501
semi-automatic selection of summary statistics for abc model choice.a central statistical goal is to choose between alternative explanatory models of data. in many modern applications, such as population genetics, it is not possible to apply standard methods based on evaluating the likelihood functions of the models, as these are numerically intractable. approximate bayesian computation (abc) is a commonly used alternative for such situations. abc simulates data x for many parameter values under each model, which is compared to the observed data x obs. more weig ...201424323893
specificity of a udp-galnac pyranose-furanose mutase: a potential therapeutic target for campylobacter jejuni infections.pyranose-furanose mutases are essential enzymes in the life cycle of a number of microorganisms, but are absent in mammalian systems, and hence represent novel targets for drug development. to date, all such mutases show preferential recognition of a single substrate (e.g., udp-gal). we report here the detailed structural characterization of the first bifunctional pyranose-furanose mutase, which recognizes both udp-gal and udp-galnac. the enzyme under investigation (cjungm) is involved in the bi ...201424302429
campylobacter jejuni prevalence and hygienic quality of retail bovine ground meat in finland.detection of common genotypes of campylobacter jejuni among finnish human and bovine isolates, suggested that bovines may be a source for zoonotic camp. jejuni infection. in addition, a finnish epidemiological study implied the tasting and eating raw or undercooked beef as risk factors for acquiring campylobacteriosis. we therefore performed a study on the occurrence of camp. jejuni in retail bovine ground meat in helsinki by the use of both cultivation and pcr. during 2011 and 2012, 175 bovine ...201424299275
eucommia ulmoides oliv.: ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional chinese medicine.eucommia ulmoides oliv. (family eucommiaceae), also known as dù-zhòng (chinese: ), tuchong (in japanese), is the sole species of the genus eucommia. the leaf, stem, and bark as well as staminate flower of eucommia ulmoides have been traditionally used to cure many diseases in china, japan, korea, among others. the aim of this review is to comprehensively outline the botanical description, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of eucommia ulmoides and to discuss ...201424296089
bile acid-controlled transgene expression in mammalian cells and mice.in recent years, using trigger-inducible mammalian gene switches to design sophisticated transcription-control networks has become standard practice in synthetic biology. these switches provide unprecedented precision, complexity and reliability when programming novel mammalian cell functions. metabolite-responsive repressors of human-pathogenic bacteria are particularly attractive for use in these orthogonal synthetic mammalian gene switches because the trigger compound sensitivity often matche ...201424280297
comparative proteomic label-free analysis of campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 cultured with porcine mucin.campylobacter jejuni is a major gastrointestinal pathogen in humans. poultry is a primary reservoir for c. jejuni, and c. jejuni appears to be highly adapted to the gastrointestinal tracts of avian species. we determined the protein expression profiles of c. jejuni nctc 11168 cultured in medium containing porcine mucin. differentially expressed proteins in the presence and absence of porcine mucin were identified using the label-free method. we identified 52 proteins with expression that was eit ...201424552179
the evidence for clonal spreading of quinolone resistance with a particular clonal complex of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter is the most prevalent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and it represents a significant public health risk of increasing severity due to its escalating resistance to clinically important quinolone and macrolide antibiotics. as a zoonotic pathogen campylobacter is transmitted along the food chain and naturally cycles from environmental waters, feedstuff, animals and food to humans. we determined antibiotic resistance profiles, as well as multilocus sequence types and flaa ...201424534165
reduction of microbiological risk in minced meat by a combination of natural antimicrobials.responsibility for food safety must be taken through the entire food-production chain, to avoid consumer cross-contamination. the antimicrobial activities of an alpinia katsumadai seed extract and epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), and their combination, were evaluated against individual food-borne pathogenic strains of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli and campylobacter jejuni, individually and as a cocktail, in chicken-meat juice and sterile minced meat as food models, and in minced meat ...201424532379
structure of an unusual s-adenosylmethionine synthetase from campylobacter jejuni.s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) participates in a wide range of methylation and other group-transfer reactions and also serves as the precursor for two groups of quorum-sensing molecules that function as regulators of the production of virulence factors in gram-negative bacteria. the synthesis of adomet is catalyzed by adomet synthetases (mats), a ubiquitous family of enzymes found in species ranging from microorganisms to mammals. the adomet synthetase from the bacterium campylobacter jejuni (cjm ...201424531478
use of synthetic genes for cloning, production and functional expression of the bacteriocins enterocin a and bacteriocin e 50-52 by pichia pastoris and kluyveromyces lactis.the use of synthetic genes may constitute a successful approach for the heterologous production and functional expression of bacterial antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) by recombinant yeasts. in this work, synthetic genes with adapted codon usage designed from the mature amino acid sequence of the bacteriocin enterocin a (enta), produced by enterococcus faecium t136, and the mature bacteriocin e 50-52 (bace50-52), produced by e. faecium nrrl b-32746, were synthesized. the synthetic enta and ...201424510220
proteomic identification of immunodominant membrane-related antigens in campylobacter jejuni associated with sheep abortion.campylobacter jejuni clone sa is the predominant agent inducing sheep abortion and a zoonotic agent causing gastroenteritis in humans in the united states. in an attempt to identify antigens of clone sa that may be useful for vaccine development, immunoproteomic analyses were conducted to characterize the membrane proteome of c. jejuni clone sa. 2-de of c. jejuni membrane-related proteins was followed by immunoblotting analyses using convalescent sera that were derived from ewes naturally infect ...201424487037
synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of n-terminal analogues of the antimicrobial peptide tridecaptin a(1).chemical synthesis was used to increase the potency of the antimicrobial lipopeptide tridecaptin a1. lipid tail modification proved to be an ideal platform for synthesizing structurally simpler analogues that are not readily accessible by isolation. the stereochemical elements of the tridecaptin a1 lipid tail are not essential for antimicrobial activity and could be replaced with hydrophobic aliphatic or aromatic groups. some simpler analogues displayed potent antimicrobial activity against gram ...201424479847
characterization and antigenicity of recombinant campylobacter jejuni flagellar capping protein flid.campylobacter jejuni, a flagellated, spiral-rod, gram-negative bacterium, is the leading pathogen of human acute bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and chickens are regarded as a major reservoir of this micro-organism. bacterial flagella, composed of more than 35 proteins, play important roles in colonization and adhesion to the mucosal surface of chicken caeca. in this study, the flagellar capping protein, flid, encoded by the flid gene, from the campylobacter jenuni d1-39 isolate was express ...201424445509
on the fiftieth anniversary. postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome: mechanisms related to pathogens.gastrointestinal (gi) infections resulting from bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens predispose to postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs) and other functional gi disorders. existing literature supports the role of enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia, serotonin synthesis and reuptake, impaired barrier function, altered immune activation, and potentially mast cell activation in the pathophysiology of pi-ibs.201424438587
a single nucleotide in the promoter region modulates the expression of the β-lactamase oxa-61 in campylobacter jejuni.despite prevalent β-lactam resistance in campylobacter jejuni, an important zoonotic enteric pathogen, the molecular basis of β-lactamase-mediated β-lactam resistance is still largely unknown. in particular, some c. jejuni strains that carry β-lactamase gene blaoxa-61 (cj0299) are still susceptible to β-lactams with undetected β-lactamase activity, suggesting blaoxa-61 is subjected to regulation. the objective of this study was to determine the regulatory mechanism of β-lactamase in c. jejuni.201424408987
double-locus sequence typing using pora and peb1a for epidemiological studies of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. bacterial typing schemes play an important role in epidemiological investigations to trace the source and route of transmission of the infectious agent by identifying outbreak and differentiating among sporadic infections. in this study, a double-locus sequence typing (dlst) scheme for c. jejuni based on concatenated partial sequences of pora and peb1a genes is proposed. the dlst scheme was validated usin ...201424404778
methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins 3 and 4 are responsible for campylobacter jejuni chemotaxis and jejuna colonization in mice in response to sodium deoxycholate.methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (mcps), also termed transducer-like proteins (tlps), serve as sensors in bacterial chemotactic signalling, and detect attractants and promote bacterial movement towards suitable sites for colonization. campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of human enteritis, but the mechanisms responsible for bacterial chemotaxis and early colonization in the jejunum of hosts are poorly understood. in the present study, we identified several types of bile and sodium deoxyc ...201424403598
isolation of campylobacter from human stool samples.campylobacter is an undetected cause of diarrhoea especially under 5 years of age in most of the countries. isolation of this organism is difficult, expensive and cumbersome.201424399385
prevalence, concentration and genotypes of campylobacter jejuni in faeces from dairy herds managed in farm systems with or without housing.to determine the faecal excretion of campylobacter jejuni by dairy cows that used housing in combination with outdoor grazing.201424372778
[frequency of antibodies to the recombinant protein p39 of c. jejuni in patients with gastrointestinal disorders and reactive arthritis in poland].campylobacterjejuni is has been found to be the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. clinical manifestation on enterocolitis caused by c. jejuni are diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain and in some patients, fecal blood. after c. jejuni infection, squeals may occur such as reactive arthritis. the aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of antibodies to the recombinant protein p39 sticks c. jejuni in patients with gastrointestinal disorders and reactive arthritis in poland.201425804073
guillain-barré syndrome in asia.over the past 20 years, the most notable advance in understanding guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) has been the identification of an axonal variant. this advance arose chiefly through studies undertaken in east asian countries and comprised two major aspects: first, the immunopathogenesis of axonal gbs related to anti-ganglioside antibodies and molecular mimicry of campylobacter jejuni; and second, the observation that distinct electrophysiological patterns of axonal gbs existed, reflecting reversi ...201424357682
use of in vivo-induced antigen technology to identify in vivo-expressed genes of campylobacter jejuni during human infection.campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent foodborne pathogen worldwide. human infection by c. jejuni primarily arises from contaminated poultry meats. genes expressed in vivo may play an important role in the pathogenicity of c. jejuni. we applied an immunoscreening method, in vivo-induced antigen technology (iviat), to identify in vivo-induced genes during human infection by c. jejuni. an inducible expression library of genomic proteins was constructed from sequenced c. jejuni nctc 11168 and was then ...201424346471
estimation of infectious risks in residential populations exposed to airborne pathogens during center pivot irrigation of dairy wastewaters.in the western united states where dairy wastewaters are commonly land applied, there are concerns over individuals being exposed to airborne pathogens. in response, a quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) was performed to estimate infectious risks after inhalation exposure of pathogens aerosolized during center pivot irrigation of diluted dairy wastewaters. the dispersion of pathogens (campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli o157:h7, non-o157 e. coli, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonel ...201424697271
water quality monitoring and risk assessment by simultaneous multipathogen quantification.water quality monitoring and microbial risk assessment are important to ensure safe water for drinking, recreational, and agricultural purposes. in this study, we applied a microfluidic quantitative pcr (mfqpcr) approach to simultaneously quantify multiple waterborne pathogens in a natural freshwater lake in hokkaido, japan, from april to november, 2012. tens of thousands of geese stopped over at this lake during their migration in spring and fall. because lake water is used for irrigation of th ...201424702133
campylobacter jejuni strain discrimination and temperature-dependent glycome expression profiling by lectin microarray.gram-negative campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide and the most frequently identified infectious trigger in patients developing guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). while c. jejuni is pathogenic in humans, it is a commensal in avian hosts. bacterial cell surface carbohydrates are important virulence factors and play roles in adherence, colonisation and infection. the mechanisms leading to infection or persistent colonisation of c. jejuni are not we ...201424680511
genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of campylobacter jejuni isolates from poultry and humans in turkey.in this study, the investigation of clonal relations between human and poultry campylobacter jejuni isolates and the determination of susceptibilities of isolates to various antibiotics were aimed. a total of 200 c. jejuni isolates concurrently obtained from 100 chicken carcasses and 100 humans were genotyped by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and automated repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr (rep-pcr, diversilab system) methods and were tested for their susceptibility to six antib ...201424667316
a combination of mlst and crispr typing reveals dominant campylobacter jejuni types in organically farmed laying hens.to elucidate the campylobacter jejuni population in organically farmed laying hens in finland, multilocus sequence typing (mlst) was combined with characterization of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr) sequences.201424655229
identification of a protein glycosylation operon from campylobacter jejuni jcm 2013 and its heterologous expression in escherichia coli.campylobacter jejuni is a human enteropathogenic bacterium possessing an n-glycosylation system. in this work, a protein glycosylation (pgl) operon conferring prokaryotic n-glycosylation in c. jejuni jcm 2013 was cloned and identified. fourteen open reading frames (orfs) were found in the pgl operon. the operon organization was similar to that of c. jejuni nctc 11168, with 98% and 99% identities in overall nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence, respectively. the pgl operon was heterologous ...201424650731
a capsule conjugate vaccine approach to prevent diarrheal disease caused by campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of diarrheal disease and results in high levels of morbidity and economic loss in both industrialized and developing regions of the world. to date, prior vaccine approaches have failed to confer protection against this enteric pathogen. key challenges to the development of a practical campylobacter vaccine for human use include a lack of understanding of campylobacter pathogenesis and well-defined immune correlates of protection. with the discovery that c. j ...201424632556
food safety in raw milk production: risk factors associated to bacterial dna contamination.while human illness from milkborne pathogens may be linked to contamination of the product after pasteurization or improper pasteurization, such diseases are usually associated with consumption of raw milk or its by-products. molecular biology tools were applied to investigate contamination by listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp., some pathogenic strains of escherichia coli, and campylobacter jejuni in 548 raw milk samples from 125 dairy farms established in two regions from southern brazil. ...201424715203
improved isolation protocol to detect high molecular weight polysaccharide structures of campylobacter jejuni.simple detection of high molecular weight, lps-like structures of campylobacter jejuni is still an unsolved problem. a phenol-free extraction method for the detection of hmw polysaccharide was developed without the need for western blot. this method provides a reliable technique for large-scale screening and comparative characterization study of different isolates.201425229649
evaluation of passive immunotherapeutic efficacy of hyperimmunized egg yolk powder against intestinal colonization of campylobacter jejuni in chickens.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in human. chickens are the reservoir host of c. jejuni, and contaminated chicken meat is an important source of human infection. therefore, control of c. jejuni in chickens can have direct effect on human health. in this study we tested the passive immunotherapeutic efficacy of the chicken egg-yolk-derived antibodies, in the form of hyperimmunized egg yolk powder (heyp), against 7 colonization-associated proteins of c ...201425214556
formate dehydrogenase localization and activity are dependent on an intact twin arginine translocation system (tat) in campylobacter jejuni 81-176.the oxidation of formate constitutes a main energy source for campylobacter jejuni, an important foodborne pathogen. formate occurs in the hosts' gut as a byproduct of fermentation, which may contribute to c. jejuni's adaptation to that niche. c. jejuni possesses a periplasmic formate dehydrogenase (fdh) that facilitates the metabolism of formate. in c. jejuni nctc-11168, a poorly invasive strain, fdh localizes to the periplasm via the twin arginine translocation (tat) system, and the fdha encod ...201425268895
campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia in a patient presenting with gastroenteritis. 201425233982
[preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against cytolethal distending toxin protein of campylobacter jejuni].to express campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin b protein (cdtb) in a prokaryote to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the protein, and to study their antitoxic effects.201425345028
[evaluation of immunological efficiency induced by campylobacter jejuni peb1 dna combined with peb1 protein in mice].to explore the improved immunological responses induced by an amino acid abc transporter, permease protein peb1 dna vaccine primer-protein boost immunization method against campylobacter jejuni.201424909276
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