Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a serological study of bovine leptospirosis in the district of taranaki. | a cross-sectional serological survey of dairy cattle in taranaki in 1979-80 indicated that 62% (551/891) of the animals had evidence of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection as disclosed by the microscopic agglutination test. titres to leptospira interrogans serovar pomona were demonstrated in only 4% (23/591) of the animals examined. the high prevalence of hardjo infection is suggestive of an endemic infection whilst the low level to pomona is indicative of sporadic infection. in a de ... | 1984 | 16031079 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo: an abortifacient in new zealand? a review of the literature. | from experimental and clinical evidence, leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo has been suspected as an abortifacient in cattle overseas. early reports from north america and australia described clinical disease with abortions occurring up to 12 weeks later associated with hardjo infections. recent studies in the united kingdom have found hardjo infections in nearly 69 percent of aborted foetuses from problem farms, and a prospective epidemiological study determined a relationship between hardjo ... | 1983 | 16030976 |
| effects of intrauterine challenge with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo on fertility in cattle. | the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of leptospira interrogans serovar hardio on fertility in cattle. twenty seronegative mature dairy cows were assigned to two groups. group i (challenged cows) was bred by a seronegative bull followed by intrauterine infusion (within 30 minutes) of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. group ii was bred by the same bull followed by intrauterine infusion of 5 ml of sterile culture medium. blood samples were collected at two-day intervals to mo ... | 1983 | 16725871 |
| a pomona serogroup-specific, agglutinating antigen in leptospira, identified by monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies were produced by hybridoma cell lines derived by fusion of mouse ns-1 myeloma cells with splenocytes from mice immunized with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. one hybridoma (a3) produced an igg2a antibody which agglutinated all leptospires of the pomona serogroup but not leptospires representative of serovars of any other serogroup. the antibody precipitated in immunodiffusions with either alkali- or phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide and also with the tm antigen of ... | 1983 | 6417619 |
| pathologic features of leptospirosis in hamsters caused by leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and szwajizak. | 1983 | 6824231 | |
| in vitro effect of leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae on human mononuclear leukocytes procoagulant activity: comparison of virulent with nonvirulent strain. | the in vitro effect of a virulent and a nonvirulent strain of leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae on human peripheral mononuclear cells was investigated. after addition of bacteria to citrated whole blood the production of mononuclear cell procoagulant activity (tissue factor) was observed. indeed mononuclear cells isolated from whole blood bacteria mixtures after prolonged incubation shortened the recalcification time of normal plasma. the virulent strain induced a significantly ... | 1983 | 6831307 |
| experimental infection in sheep with leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo. | 1983 | 6839124 | |
| aminopeptidase activity of leptospira strains. | a total of 15 cultures of leptospira were examined for aminopeptidase activity using 22 aminoacyl-beta-naphthylamde substrates. activity was demonstrated in each of the cultures. extracts from serovars of leptospira interrogans preferentially hydrolysed the same range of substrates. the level of hydrolysis of the preferred substrates for the seven strains of l. interrogans was distinctively higher than that demonstrated for the six leptospira biflexa strains. extracts from cultures of leptospira ... | 1983 | 6842179 |
| isolation of a hamster lethal strain of leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo. | 1983 | 6868308 | |
| serological study of the distribution of leptospira interrogans (serotype jules) and five other leptospires in jamaica. | 1983 | 6868569 | |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona in cattle. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), which used the phenol phase of a hot phenol-water extraction as antigen, and the microscopic agglutination test were compared for the detection of antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona in cattle. among serum samples from vaccinated cattle, the elisa (using antiglobulin) was positive to 64% with hardjo antigen and to 78% with pomona antigen, whereas the microscopic agglutination test was positive to only 18% with hardjo and 2 ... | 1983 | 6869998 |
| analysis of leptospira antigens by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. | serovars icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, and arboreae of pathogenic leptospira interrogans and serovar patoc of saprophytic l. biflexa were examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. a close antigenic relationship was found between the interrogans serovars, particularly between icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola. to a much lesser extent cross-reactions were found between interrogans serovars and patoc. comparison of three different antigenic preparations of icterohaemorrhagiae by tandem crossed imm ... | 1983 | 6879113 |
| growth, cultural characteristics, and antibacterial sensitivity of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | nutrient requirements of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo were investigated using a 1% bovine serum albumin (bsa) medium, supplemented separately with polysorbates (tweens) 80, 60, 40, 20, nh4cl, and vitamins thiamine and cyanocobalamin (vitamin b12). l. hardjo was tested in vitro against 30 antibacterial compounds incorporated into semisolid medium (0.2% agar) at 3 compound concentrations. growth was superior in polysorbate 80 (oleic acid rich) and polysorbate 40 (palmitic rich) media. a l ... | 1983 | 6884034 |
| about the presence of a thermolabile (tl) antigenic fraction in leptospira interrogans. | antisera prepared with living serovars of leptospira interrogans have a fraction anti-tl able to neutralize tl antigen of leptospira strains. after neutralization, any leptospiral serovar is able to adsorb heterologous antisera prepared with living strains. | 1983 | 6200266 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in cows of hokkaido, japan--serological evidence. | 1983 | 6200638 | |
| serologic survey of california wild hogs for antibodies against selected zoonotic disease agents. | blood samples were collected from trapped or hunter-killed wild hogs (sus scrofa) in 4 areas of california. sera were tested for antibodies against 7 zoonotic disease agents. antibodies against brucella sp were detected in 21 (15%) of 136 samples. antibodies against coxiella burnetii were found in 50% of the collected samples (67 of 135 tested). of the 135 wild hogs screened for pseudorabies virus, 4 (3%) were seropositive. leptospira interrogans antibodies were discovered in 118 (87%) of the 13 ... | 1983 | 6315659 |
| species- and genus-specific antigens in leptospira, revealed by monoclonal antibodies and enzyme immunoassay. | mouse antisera to leptospira interrogans serovar pomona or l. biflexa serovar patoc agglutinated homologous leptospires but not leptospires of serovars from any heterologous serogroup tested. when tested by enzyme immunoassay (eia), pomona and patoc antisera reacted with all serovars tested from l. interrogans, l. biflexa or l. illini species. a non-agglutinating hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody reacted by eia only with serovars of the pathogenic l. interrogans species but not with l. bifle ... | 1983 | 6359778 |
| identification of a reservoir of leptospira interrogans serovar muenchen in voles (microtus agrestis and clethrionomys glareolus) in england. | infection with leptospires of the australis serogroup is widespread in voles in southern england and the serovar identification of five randomly-selected isolates was determined by cross agglutination absorption. two isolates from short-tailed voles (microtus agrestis) and three isolates from bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) were all identified as serovar muenchen. the only previous isolation of this serovar is that from a human in germany. | 1983 | 6372316 |
| survey of rats (rattus norvegicus) in kuwait for the presence of leptospira. | a survey of brown rats (rattus norvegicus) was made in kuwait in 1979 for the presence of leptospira organisms. kidney tissue from 49 rats, trapped mostly from various kuwait city districts, were cultured on e.m.j.h. and stuart media. eight leptospira strains were isolated; all strains were identical and belonged to leptospira interrogans canicola serogroup; they were later identified as a new serovar kuwait. the frequency of l. interrogans group canicola carriers among the local rats in kuwait ... | 1983 | 6612771 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in pigs: a new host-parasite relationship in the united kingdom. | the first isolations of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from pigs are recorded. evidence that hardjo may be a sporadic cause of porcine reproductive disease is presented. | 1983 | 6623873 |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from a viable premature calf. | a severe outbreak of agalactia in a dairy herd of 80 cows was followed by six premature calvings and an abortion. serological and bacteriological studies identified leptospira hardjo as the probable cause. a leptospire isolated from the kidney of a premature calf killed seven weeks post partum was identified as hardjo and it is probable that this infection was acquired in utero. the maintenance of such an infection for a considerable period after birth has not been previously described and may p ... | 1983 | 6623882 |
| serologic survey for leptospirosis in arizona beef cattle in 1981. | sera from 1,215 beef cattle in arizona were evaluated by leptospiral microscopic agglutination test in 1981. over 25% had agglutinins to greater than or equal to 1 of 5 serovars of leptospira interrogans used as antigens (canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona) at a titer of greater than or equal to 1:100, and 8.2% had titers of greater than or equal to 1:400 to greater than or equal to 1 serovars. the most common serovar to which reactions were detected was hardjo; agg ... | 1983 | 6625331 |
| the first isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona from cattle in botswana. | serological evidence for the occurrence of l. pomona associated with abortions in cattle was supported by the successful isolation of the organism from the urine of a cow. leptospirosis should be considered as a possible cause of abortion even in relatively dry regions. | 1983 | 6631909 |
| leptospirosis in rodents from an arid environment. | rodents (n = 358) were trapped from 6 locations in arizona, including 2 dairies, 2 swine raising operations, and 2 areas where domestic animal access was limited. isolates of leptospira interrogans serovar ballum were obtained from 3 house mice (mus musculus) trapped in dairies. leptospira were seen in silver-stained kidney sections of 10.4% of the rodents. the usefulness of serologic data in detecting leptospiral infection in these rodents was uncertain because so few animals yielded isolates t ... | 1983 | 6638656 |
| bovine abortion associated with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection. | during 1981, 265 bovine abortions were investigated by serological and histological methods for evidence of leptospiral infection. leptospires were demonstrated in the tissues of 10 foetuses by a levaditi silver impregnation technique. serological testing of maternal sera indicated that leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was associated with 5 of the abortions while the remaining 5 were due to l. interrogans serovar pomona infection. in cases of abortion associated with l. interrogans serovar ... | 1983 | 6639516 |
| morphological changes upon subculturing of freshly isolated strains of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | the morphology of freshly isolated strains of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was studied by electron microscopy and was compared to that of established laboratory strains of the same serovar and to some other serovars within the hebdomadis serogroup. changes in the morphology of freshly isolated strains of serovar hardjo were observed when the isolates were subcultured in the laboratory. cells of strains subcultured more than 20 times were longer and had longer wavelengths, and electron l ... | 1983 | 6649981 |
| activation of complement by leptospires and its bactericidal activity. | bactericidal activity of complement was found to be effective on saprophytic leptospira biflexa strains and not on leptospira interrogans strains, by means of viable counting; the killing effect on saprophytic strains was probably due to a direct activation of the complement system via the alternative pathway. on the contrary the pathogenic strains seemed to activate the complement at a lower extent and were, in any case, resistant to the lytic action of the activated complement. | 1983 | 6675348 |
| growth of 10 leptospira interrogans serovars using polyvinylpyrrolidone(pvp)-treated tween in protein-free medium. | polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp)-treated tween was used to prepare a protein-free medium for cultivation of leptospires. 6 out of 25 media were selected for culturing 10 serovars of leptospires. the best results were achieved in a medium containing tween treated with pvp 25000. in several subcultures 8 out of 10 serovars reached a concentration of 10(8) leptospires/ml or more, when cultured in tubes without aeration.l only in the case of 2 serovars (leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa and ta ... | 1983 | 6675354 |
| antigenic variants of leptospiras detected in peritoneal cavity in early stage of infection in immunized guinea pigs. | antigenic variants were detected firstly 7 h following intraperitoneal challenge with leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni shibaura in the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs which had been previously immunized with the homologous strain. the variants appeared at a rate of 63% of the leptospiras which survived in the peritoneal cavity, and the survivors' rate was 0.00005% of the inoculated organisms. the antigenicity of these variants reversed to that of the parent after 3-5 passages in liqui ... | 1982 | 6187138 |
| differentiation of subtypes within leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo, balcanica and tarassovi, by bacterial restriction-endonuclease dna analysis (brenda). | various strains of leptospira interrogans were compared by bacterial restriction-endonuclease dna analysis (brenda). field strains of serovar hardjo isolated from domestic animals in new zealand, australia and northern ireland were indistinguishable from one another but differed strikingly from the hardjo reference strain hardjoprajitno. similarly, field isolates of balcanica and tarassovi differed from their serovar reference strains, probably owing to a difference in epidemiological niche. sub ... | 1982 | 6288951 |
| the role of macrophages in the protection of mice against leptospirosis: in vitro and in vivo studies. | balb/c mice are naturally resistant to infection with leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni, but leptospires were not phagocytosed by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro without added specific antibody. similar results were obtained irrespective of whether leptospires were viable or killed, virulent or avirulent, or whether macrophages were obtained from normal mice, immunized mice or mice previously infected with bcg. suppression or stimulation of macrophage function in vivo did not affe ... | 1982 | 6760092 |
| infections with encephalitozoon cuniculi and leptospira interrogans, serovars grippotyphosa and ballum, in a kennel of foxhounds. | leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa and ballum were isolated from kidney and urine of an american foxhound pup. the pup was from a litter of 12, all of which were unthrifty. titers for serovar grippotyphosa in pups from the litter ranged from 200 to 6,400 and 23 of 36 adult dogs in the kennel had titers to that serovar. none of the sera was tested for antibodies to serovar ballum. leptospires were not isolated from or observed in 2 littermates and 1 penmate, but gram-positive organisms ... | 1982 | 6800994 |
| hemolytic activity of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola cultured in protein-free medium. | hemolytic activity of the culture supernatant of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton grown in protein-free medium was demonstrated. the activity began to appear in the late logarithmic phase of growth of the organism and reached a plateau after 2 weeks of cultivation. it was inactivated by the addition of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, but was effectively restored by mg2+. hemolysis by the culture supernatant was stimulated by "hot-cold" incubation. sleep erythrocyte ... | 1982 | 6813653 |
| leptospiral and brucellar titers in frozen bovine sera after 20 years of storage. | generally good agreement was obtained between the rankings of sera titers when originally tested (t1), and those of the same sera 20 years later (t2). at the later time, the majority of samples (88%) were in, or within 1 dilution factor of their classification at t1. test results for brucella abortus and leptospira interrogans var pomona antibodies demonstrated that original titers, in the upper-lower limits of 20 to 50, had decreased over a wide range (20% to 90%), and the later tests show that ... | 1982 | 6817674 |
| bacteriological survey of leptospirosis in zaria, nigeria. | a total of 252 rodents were trapped in the environs of ahmadu bello university, zaria, over a two-year period, of which 221 were brown field rats (arvicanthus niloticus). only these were found positive (4.5%). titers were detected against leptospira interrogans, serovars australis, icterohaemorrhagiae, tarassovi and hardjo. all positive sera except one reacted against a single serovar. eight isolates were obtained from field rats: five were serovar australis, one ballum and two unidentified. fiv ... | 1982 | 7043824 |
| hemostatic changes in dogs with experimental leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection. | 1982 | 7091860 | |
| isolations of leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo, balcanica, and pomona from cattle at slaughter. | kidneys were cultured for leptospires and blood was collected for leptospiral serologic examination from 306 cattle slaughtered in florida during june, july, and august 1980. leptospires were found in 82(36%) of 226 otherwise bacterial-free cultures. forty-five isolates were identified as leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, 3 as serovar balcanica, and 3 as serovar pomona. leptospiral antibodies were found in 218 (71%) of the cattle. serum titers to hardjo were found in 162 cattle (53%) and to ... | 1982 | 7103197 |
| evaluation of a hardjo-pomona vaccine to prevent leptospiruria in cattle exposed to a natural challenge with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | the efficacy of a vaccine against leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was evaluated in a group of dairy heifers that were serologically negative at the time of vaccination and later subjected to natural challenge with l. interogans serovar hardjo. thirty-nine heifers were vaccinated twice, at a one-month interval, with a commercially prepared bivalent vaccine, while 43 unvaccinated heifers were used as controls. after vaccination, microscopic agglutina ... | 1982 | 7115235 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar pomona associated with abortion in cattle: isolation methods and laboratory animal histopathology. | leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was successfully isolated from cattle urine in the western transvaal after an abortion storm had occurred. direct inoculation of emjh medium proved the most successful method. the selective agent, 5-fluorouracil, was most effective in controlling contamination when used at the 0,4 mg/ml level. the strain isolated was pathogenic in hamsters, but specific lesions and the leptospirae were seen only where overwhelming infection occurred. | 1982 | 7122066 |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from aborted bovine fetuses in england. | 1982 | 7123824 | |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar muenchen from a sow with a history of abortion. | the isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar muenchen from a sow which aborted in the first third of pregnancy is described. isolation was achieved only in media containing a rabbit serum additive and identification was determined by cross-agglutination absorption. a high degree of cross-reactivity was found with reference antisera of the australis serogroup. serovar muenchen has not previously been reported in animals and may be responsible for a proportion of the titres to antigens of the a ... | 1982 | 7123827 |
| the sensitivities of different immunoassays for detecting leptospiral antigen. | the detection of leptospiral antigen in biological fluids is important for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in animals and man. however the sensitivity of dark field microscopy, the usual detection method, is often inadequate. a comparison was made between the sensitivities of several immunological techniques for detecting leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. by staphylococcal coagglutination 10(8) leptospires per ml could be detected and by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis 10(7) per ml. the ... | 1982 | 7136355 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to lipopolysaccharide antigen of leptospira interrogans serovar kremastos and canicola. | monoclonal antibodies to leptospira interrogans were provided by cell fusions between a myeloma cell line, p3/x63-ag8.653, and spleen cells of balb/c mice immunized with two different leptospiral lipopolysaccharide antigens. one antigen was prepared from leptospira interrogans serovar kremastos strain kyoto and the other from serovar canicola strain hond utrecht iv. eighteen hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies to the former organisms and five hybridoma cell lines secreting monoc ... | 1982 | 7136356 |
| development of a modified live, canine origin parvovirus vaccine. | a modified live, canine origin parvovirus vaccine was tested for safety, efficacy, and clinical performance. the vaccine protected dogs from challenge of immunity with canine parvovirus (cpv) that caused clinical illness in all nonvaccinated dogs. vaccinates all developed cpv serum neutralization antibody titers, with a mean value of 1,664. challenge virus was not isolated from vaccinates, but feces from nonvaccinated dogs were cpv-positive for up to 4 days following challenge. in a pathogenicit ... | 1982 | 7141990 |
| evidence that leptospiral lipopolysaccharide is not an important protective antigen. | cba/n mice, which could not produce antibodies against lipopolysaccharide (lps) from either escherichia coli or leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, produced levels of agglutinating antibodies against leptospires similar to those produced by immunologically normal cba mice. cba/n mice were thus resistant to acute leptospiral infection and cba/n immune serum passively protected immunosuppressed mice from infection. the results suggest that antibodies against lps are not important in protection ... | 1982 | 7143431 |
| the prevalence of antibodies to serovars of leptospira interrogans in horses. | 1982 | 7150126 | |
| protection of pregnant swine by vaccination against leptospira infection. | the protection conferred on pregnant gilts by 2 commercially available leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and tarassovi bacterins was evaluated. gilts vaccinated either 3, 6 or 12 months prior to natural challenge with l. interrogans serovar pomona had significantly lower abortion rates (2% vs 69%) and foetal mortality rates (14% vs 57%) than unvaccinated controls. one vaccine was significantly superior to the other and contained approximately twice the number of l. interrogans serovar pomon ... | 1982 | 7150130 |
| prevalence of leptospiral titres in normal horses. | serum samples were collected from 479 clinically normal horses from 11 different locations in queensland. using a microscopic agglutination test, 157 serums (33%) reacted to one or more serovars of leptospira interrogans at a minimum serum dilution of 1/30. the prevalences of reactors among all horses to the serovars tested were pomona 30.5% icterohaemorrhagiae 23.9%, tarassovi 18.8%, hardjo 12.2%, canicola 8.6%, grippotyphosa 3.6%, and australis 2%. there was a significantly higher prevalence o ... | 1982 | 7159313 |
| bovine igm and igg response to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo as measured by enzyme immunoassay. | the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect specific igg and igg antibodies in the sera of cattle infected or immunized with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. igm appeared first but was quickly followed by igg which persisted longer than igm. the levels of antibody detectable by elisa and by the microscopic agglutination test (mat) did not correlate, suggesting that the two techniques measured different antigen--antibody systems. the transient nature of the igm response ... | 1982 | 7168135 |
| serologic survey for certain zoonotic diseases in black bears in california. | black bears (ursus americanus) from 3 geographic areas of california were tested for antibodies against agents of 6 zoonotic diseases: toxoplasmosis (indirect hemagglutination), q fever (microagglutination), trichinosis (latex particle agglutination), botulism (passive hemagglutination), leptospirosis (plate agglutination), and plague (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). of 149 sera tested, 40 (27%) were positive for toxoplasma gondii antibodies and 25 (17%) had antibodies against coxiella burne ... | 1982 | 7174445 |
| immunogenicity of leptospiral vaccines grown in protein-free medium. | leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and hardjo were adapted to grow in a chemically-defined, protein-free (pf) medium. formolised monovalent vaccines of serovars pomona and hardjo and a bivalent mixture of the two were prepared from pf cultures. live pf cultures and the vaccine preparations retained their agglutinating antigens and their immunogenicity when tested in rabbits and guinea-pigs. the vaccines were not pyrogenic and dermal reactions were slight. | 1982 | 7175917 |
| presence of vi antigen in a virulent strain of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and relation of vi antigens of leptospiras to resistance to leptospiricidal activity mediated by antiserum plus complement. | vi antigen was found in a virulent strain of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. the presence of vi antigen was shown by the agglutinin-absorption and precipitin-absorption tests. each strain of pomona and copenhageni which possessed vi antigen and was resistant to the leptospiricidal activity mediated by the antiserum plus complement lost vi antigen and became susceptible to the leptospiricidal activity when cultured in the presence of 8-azaguanine. the strains thus treated with 8-azaguanine ... | 1982 | 7180239 |
| in vitro effect of leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae on human mononuclear leukocytes: comparison of virulent with non virulent strain. | the in vitro effect of a virulent and a non virulent strain of leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae on human peripheral mononuclear cells was investigated. after addition of bacteria to citrated whole blood the production of mononuclear cell procoagulant activity (tissue factor) was observed. indeed mononuclear cells isolated from whole blood-bacteria mixtures after prolonged incubation shortened the recalcification time of normal plasma. the virulent strain induced a significantl ... | 1982 | 7187349 |
| leptospirosis of pig farmers: the results of a serological survey. | serum samples were examined from 70 people working or resident on 41 pig farms within a 50 km radius of palmerston north. of the 65 people with occupational pig contact, 20 (31 percent) had microscopic agglutination titres of 1:24 or greater to one or more serovars of leptospira interrogans, the majority of which were to pomona, the pid adapted serovar. there were significant positive associations between those people with a titre and those with a history of previous diagnosis of leptospirosis b ... | 1982 | 6954386 |
| the occupational hazards of leptospirosis in the meat industry. | the sera from 1215 meat inspectors and 1248 meat workers were examined for the presence of agglutinating titres of 1:24 or greater to the serovars of leptospira interrogans known to be endemic in new zealand. although 10 percent of meat inspectors and 6.2 percent of meat workers were seropositive, only 9.5 percent of meat inspectors and 4.1 percent of meat workers had titres compatible with occupational exposure to domestic stock. the subgroup of meat workers with the highest prevalence of agglu ... | 1982 | 6955684 |
| immunogenicity and humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to leptospiral whole cell, outer envelope, and protoplasmic cylinder vaccines in hamsters and dogs. | the immunogenicity of 2 leptospiral cell structural components, the outer envelope (oe) and protoplasmic cylinder (pc), as well as the leptospire whole cell (wc), was compared in hamsters and dogs. the 50% protective dose for hamsters against death (pd50d) and kidney infection (pd50k) was evaluated for leptospira interrogans serovars canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, and grippotyphosa. all 3 immunogens had similar pd50d values. however, the pd50k values for oe and wc vaccines ranged from 0. ... | 1982 | 7201285 |
| prevention of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona infection in cattle. | a commercial hardjo-pomona vaccine which has previously been shown to be effective against hardjo infection was tested against pomona. following challenge all 11 six-month-old non-vaccinated calves seroconverted and pomona was isolated from blood or urine on at least one occasion from nine of them. pomona was isolated once only, on the third day after challenge, from the blood of one of 11 vaccinated calves. | 1982 | 16030839 |
| an unusual serological response in cattle after use of a commercial leptospiral combined hardjo-pomona vaccine. | vaccination of four calves with leptavoid (wellcome new zealand limited) gave rise to leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona microscopic agglutination test titres that could not he distinguished in magnitude from post-infection titres. vaccination of four calves with lepto-3 (ici tasman limited) gave rise to much lower titres. revaccination of cows with leptavoid caused a rise in hardjo titres which was significantly greater than after use of lepto-3. the possibility that titres were ... | 1982 | 16030890 |
| leptospirosis: i. clinical investigation of the infection in dairy cattle in the waikato district of new zealand. | an investigation was made into the prevalence of leptospiral infection in cattle. an area 50 km radius was selected in a region where leptospirosis was reputedly common. farmers volunteered 250 herds with 39 500 cows for testing and 7 500 animals were selected and sampled. twenty-nine cows (0.4%) on 14 (5.6%) of the farms had leptospiruria at the first examination. leptospirae were cultured from the urines of nine of these animals and all were leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. serologically ... | 1982 | 16030893 |
| leptospirosis: ii. investigation of clinical disease in dairy cattle in the waikato district of new zealand. | investigations were carried out in 1975, 1976 and 1977 in 16 dairy herds where leptospiral abortions were suspected and in five other herds where clinical disease was not present. both leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and hardjo were isolated from cattle in herds with leptospirosis, but only pomona was recovered from those that had aborted. there was no evidence that hardjo caused clinical disease in dairy cattle in the waikato district. it was found that 73% of the cows that aborted and 1 ... | 1982 | 16030901 |
| leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona: causes of infections in dairy cows and humans in florida. | leptospirosis was diagnosed in 11 milkers on 3 dairy farms in a florida county. serologic test results identified leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo as the infecting organism in milkers and cows on one farm, and hardjo was isolated from two cows. on the second farm, serovars hardjo and pomona were implicated serologically in the cows and milkers, and pomona was isolated from two milkers. on the third farm, hardjo infection was identified by serologic tests in one milker, and hardjo was isolat ... | 1981 | 7232685 |
| movement of antibody-coated latex beads attached to the spirochete leptospira interrogans. | antibody-coated latex beads (ab-beads) were attached to leptospira interrogans serovars illini 3055 and icterohaemorrhagiae sc1157. the movement of the ab-beads relative to the motion of the cells was observed by direct darkfield microscopy or was recorded on videotape. when the ab-beads were attached to the front end of motile cells, the ab-beads were displaced towards the back end of the cells. when the cells reversed direction, the ab-beads also reversed direction. a number of hypotheses were ... | 1981 | 6947280 |
| experimental infection of the possum (trichosurus vulpecula) with leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica. i. characteristics of infection. | 1981 | 6948232 | |
| experimental infection of the possum (trichosurus vulpecula) with leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica. ii. a comparison of laboratory techniques for the detection of leptospiraemia and leptospiruria. | 1981 | 6951120 | |
| distribution of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities among treponema pallidum and other spirochetes. | representative members of spirochaetales were surveyed for their content of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase, and peroxidase activities. only leptospira exhibited peroxidase activity. obligately anaerobic cultivable treponema and spirochaeta possessed no sod or peroxidative capabilities. upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, spirochaeta aurantia, borrelia hermsi, and five leptospira biflexa serovars showed sod activity associated with one electrophoretic band which was inhibited by h2o2, ... | 1981 | 7024127 |
| fatal hemolytic disease in sheep attributed to leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo infection. | an outbreak of acute hemolytic disease in a large flock of sheep resulted in a mortality of approximately 5% in lambs. a diagnosis of leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo infection was established on the basis of the presence of leptospires in the urine of one lamb, serologic findings in a guinea pig inoculated with this urine, l. hardjo titers in lambs, and pathologic findings. prominent necropsy findings included severe icterus, thin watery blood, dark red to black kidneys and severe hemoglo ... | 1981 | 7194169 |
| correlation of virulence, susceptibility to leptospiricidal activity test mediated by antiserum plus complement and colonial morphology of five lines of a strain of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. | correlation of virulence, susceptibility to leptospiricidal activity test mediated by antiserum plus complement (lat) and colonial morphology was investigated using five lines of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni shibaura. line no. 2, a moderately virulent strain, passaged in guinea pigs for 24 successive times caused occasional death of guinea pigs. leptospiras recovered from deceased animals were characterized by decreased susceptibility to lat and predominance of hazy colonies upon c ... | 1981 | 7200304 |
| experimental infection of sheep and cattle with leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica. | 1981 | 6940047 | |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo vaccination against leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica infection. | 1981 | 6942338 | |
| identification of leptospira serovars by restriction-endonuclease analysis. | strains of leptospira interrogans were examined by restriction-endonuclease analysis. serovars hardjo and balcanica gave patterns that differed from each other, and from those of other members of the hebdomadis serogroup and members of other serogroups. the method should be useful for the identification of leptospires and might throw light on problems of their classification. | 1981 | 6257907 |
| prevalence of selected pathogenic microbial agents in the red fox (vulpes fulva) and gray fox (urocyon cinereoargenteus) of southwestern wisconsin. | free-ranging red foxes (vulpes fulva) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) were trapped in southwestern wisconsin. fox sera were tested to determine the prevalence of antibody for five different leptospira interrogans serovars, canine distemper virus (cdv), infectious canine hepatitis virus (ichv), and franciscella tularensis infections. grippotyphosa was the most prevalent leptospiral serovar antibody observed. twenty-five of 53 (47%) red foxes and 11 of 36 (31%) gray foxes had specific an ... | 1981 | 6265659 |
| unstable antigenic variation of leptospiras. | the antigenic variants which were found in leptospiras, leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni shibaura grown in a liquid medium containing a homologous antiserum were found to be unstable. the unstable variants showed decreased agglutinability against the homologous antiserum. the decreased agglutinability of the unstable variants reverted to the parent's level of agglutinability after 1 or 2 passages through the normal serum medium. the unstable variants differed antigenically from the par ... | 1981 | 6168141 |
| the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) as a serological test for detecting antibodies against leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in sheep. | the enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was compared with the standard microscopic agglutination test (mat) as a method for detecting antibodies against leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in sheep. peak antibody levels detected by the 2 tests occurred at different times following experimental infection of sheep. in serums from flocks of sheep with naturally acquired infection there was a 95% correlation between mat and elisa with respect to the presence or absence of antibody to serovar ... | 1981 | 7034708 |
| surface colonies of leptospira interrogans. | observations of colonial growth of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, bj, on soft-agar (1% agar) plates revealed the presence of both surface and subsurface colonies. the organisms from both types of colonies appeared to be similar in motility, morphology, antigenic composition, and pathogenicity. passage in vivo tended to produce a higher incidence of surface colonies, whereas passage in vitro tended to produce a higher incidence of subsurface colonies, suggesting the importance of environm ... | 1981 | 7462407 |
| serum biochemical changes in dogs with experimental leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection. | inoculation of 2 groups of dogs with 1 x 10(9) and 4 x 10(9) leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae produced disease varying from transient fever to uremia and death. clinical signs of disease in the severely affected dogs were fever, dehydration, depression, and icterus. laboratory changes in serum of infected dogs included increased urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. chloride concen ... | 1981 | 7271027 |
| role of cattle in the maintenance of leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo infection in northern ireland. | kidneys of cattle, mice and badgers were cultured for leptospires in an attempt to evaluate the relative importance of these species in the epidemiology of bovine leptospirosis caused by the hebdomadis serogroup. leptospires closely related to serotype hardjo were recovered from 57 (28.5 per cent) of 200 cattle examined but no evidence of infection was found in either badgers or mice, indicating that cattle act as the maintenance host for serotype hardjo. many cattle were seronegative carriers. | 1981 | 7303438 |
| [antagonistic properties of leptospira interrogans]. | 1981 | 7306364 | |
| isolation of antigenically active components from leptospiral serovar-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen by alkaline treatment. | the serovar-specific main antigen (tm antigen) of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, which as lipopolysaccharide properties, was treated with 0.1 n sodium hydroxide. this treatment degraded the antigen into two major antigenic components, one of high and one of low molecular weight. the component with the lower molecular weight (approximately 4,000 daltons) consisted mainly of carbohydrates, having lost almost all of the fatty acid and protein components of the original antigen. although t ... | 1981 | 7311890 |
| seroepidemiology of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in colorado antelope and cattle. | a seroepidemiologic study was conducted to determine the prevalence of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in colorado cattle and antelope. sera were tested by the microscopic agglutination test, using a standard battery of 12 antigens as well as 4 additional serovars of the hebdomadis serogroup: hardjo, szwajizak, sejroe, and balcanica. sera from 1,856 cattle and 544 antelope were tested. in both populations, the predominant serovar detected was hardjo; hardjo titers greater than or ... | 1981 | 7327994 |
| use of solid medium for isolation of leptospires of the hebdomadis serogroup from bovine milk and urine. | leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and szwajizak were isolated from the milk of experimentally infected cows only when using bovine albumin polysorbate-80 solid medium. semisolid media, with and without the addition of 5-fluorouracil, and hamster inoculations were also used in the isolation attempts. these cultural isolation methods were also compared using cows' urine. semisolid medium with 5-fluorouracil proved to be the most successful. however, the other methods were satisfactory, with s ... | 1981 | 7340582 |
| a serological survey of leptospira interrogans serotype pomona in alberta and saskatchewan striped skunks and possible transmission between cattle and skunks. | the range of known occurrence of leptospira interrogans serotype pomona is extended to alberta in striped skunks (mephitis mephitis); no evidence of l. sejroe was found. reacting sera from skunks were confined to the southern portion of alberta and adjacent saskatchewan, although a number of reactors were found sufficiently further north in saskatchewan suggesting that a different mode of infection may be functioning there. of 95 skunk sera from near a dairy farm infected with serotype pomona 40 ... | 1981 | 7343072 |
| observations on kidney damage in hamsters following a non-icterohaemorrhagic form of disease resulting from infection by leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae. | 1981 | 7343572 | |
| editorial note. | abstract in the article "experimental infection of the possum (trichosurus vulpecula) with leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica. i. a comparison of laboratory techniques for the detection of leptospiraemia and leptospiruria" by s. c. hathaway (n.z.vet.j.29: 121-5) tables ii and iii did not relate to the text. all reprints of this article will contain the correct tables. | 1981 | 22133070 |
| leptospirosis in lambs. | two major episodes of acute hemolytic disease in lambs were associated with high mortality. clinical signs were severe depression, dyspnea, and tachycardia. gross postmortem findings included hemoglobinuria and icterus. histologic examination revealed tubular necrosis and periacinar hepatocellular necrosis. leptospira interrogans serotype pomona was proposed as the causative agent because high serum antibody titers for this bacterium were found in lambs and ewes in the affected flocks. | 1980 | 7353986 |
| isolation of antigenic variants of leptospiras from puppies and pigs experimentally infected with leptospira interrogans serovars canicola and pomona. | 1980 | 7382236 | |
| characterization of leptospiral catalase and peroxidase. | peroxidase from leptospira biflexa strain b-16 ad catalase from leptospira interrogans canicola hond utrecht were characterized and compared and both appeared to be heme enzymes as judged by their inhibition profiles and rapid inactivation during catalysis. neither enzyme exhibited monovalent or divalent cation requirements. dialysis of cell-free extracts resulted in loss of peroxidase activity but catalase was unaffected by this procedure. peroxidase had a km for h2o2 of 12.5 microm while catal ... | 1980 | 7407701 |
| haemolysis as a means of distinguishing between leptospira interrogans serovars balcanica and hardjo. | leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica was haemolytic for washed human, cattle, sheep and possum red blood cells (rbc); serovar hardjo was non-haemolytic. a test for haemolysis may prove useful in the preliminary differentiation of balcanica and hardjo isolates. balcanica was non-haemolytic for unwashed rbc from human and bovine donors whose serum contained hebdomadis serogroup antibody. haemolytic activity tended to disappear with repeated subculture of balcanica. | 1980 | 7411589 |
| isolation of leptospira biflexa from commercially prepared deionized water labeled "sterile for tissue culture". | leptospira biflexa were isolated from urine cultures of two patients with clinical and laboratory findings compatible with leptospirosis. neither patient had detectable leptospiral agglutinins. the source of the l. biflexa was water labeled " "sterile for tissue culture" purchased from m. a. bioproducts, formerly microbological associates. m. a. bioproducts water is sterilized by filtration through a 0.22-mum-pore size membrane filter. leptospiral contamination can occur in products sterilized b ... | 1980 | 7419696 |
| isolation of revertants from antigenic variants of leptospiras. | the revertants were isolated from the antigenic variants of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni shibaura by plating the variants on the solid medium containing the homologous immune serum, and by noting the growth of small colonies. the revertants which produced the small colonies were antigenically identical with the parents. the variants which retained their antigenicity for 2 to 3 years produced only a small number of revertants. on the other hand, the variants which phenotypically cha ... | 1980 | 7424250 |
| pathogenesis of experimental leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae infection in the guinea pigs: possible role of endotoxin of intestinal bacteria in the development of lesions. | germ-free guinea pigs were infected with a virulent strain of leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae to evaluate the possible role of endotoxin of intestinal bacteria in the development of hemorrhages and hepatic and renal failure. clinical manifestations, necropsy findings and histological lesions were similar to those seen in control animals. in the second part of the experiment, endotoxin was not detected by the limulus test in the blood of ten guinea pigs during the five day cou ... | 1980 | 7427777 |
| the prevalence of antibodies to members of leptospira interrogans in cattle. | a total of 1,355 random samples taken from bovine serums submitted for brucellosis testing in victoria were submitted to the microscopic agglutination test for the presence of antibody to 12 serovars of leptospira interrogans. the most common reaction obtained was to serovar hardjo, although the percentage of reactors varied from 24.8% in the metropolitan area to 56.3% in north-eastern victoria (mean 40.6%). a total of 86.3% of farms from which 3 or more samples were taken had at least one react ... | 1980 | 7436939 |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from sheep. | 1980 | 7436944 | |
| serological survey of leptospiral antibodies in swine in quebec. | the prevalence of reactors to different serovars of leptospira interrogans was determined in 117 swine premises in quebec. a total of 926 sera were tested, using the microscopic agglutination method, against six leptospiral serovars: pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa, hardjo, canicola and ballum. of the sera tested, 30 (3.2%) reacted to one of the three following serovars: pomona (2%), icterohaemorrhagiae (1.1%) and ballum (0.1%). | 1980 | 7438003 |
| comparative studies on two antigens (f4 and tm) extracted from leptospires. | f4 and tm antigens extracted from leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae, and copenhageni were compared by immunodiffusion, by hemagglutination inhibition, and by selective absorption of antisera. these data, together with previous information on the serological specificities of the two antigen preparations, suggest that f4 and tm are different antigens. | 1980 | 6158524 |
| detection of leptospiral antibodies in animal sera by means of fractionated antigenic extracts. | sodium dodecyl sulphate extracts of the reference strains mus 127, castellón 3 and arborea of the ballum agglutinogenic serogroup of leptospira interrogans (the species of pathogenic leptospira), of strain patoc 1 of the saprophytic species of l. biflexa, and of strain 3055 of illini serotype, the sole representative of l. illini, were each fractionated by ultracentrifugation in a sucrose density gradient into 10 fractions. the fractions were tested by complement fixation and immunodiffusion aga ... | 1980 | 6159474 |
| metabolic sequelae of experimental leptospirosis in grivet monkeys. | leptospira interrogans serovars balcanica and tarassovi both induced mild subclinical infections in grivet monkeys. the activities in serum of lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine phosphokinase and the level of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin increased in a few days after infection. concomitant decreases in serum iron levels were observed in some cases. these changes occurred in the absence of any observable clinic ... | 1980 | 6769455 |
| serological and chemical interrelationship of antigens from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola. | antigens of the outer envelope from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola (hond utrecht iv) were extracted by 50% (v/v) ethanol or by sodium dodecyl sulphate and serological analysis suggested that they were identical. the "fraction 4" extracted by alkali was found to contain glycoproteins of high (retentate) and low (filtrate) molecular weight; the latter behaved like a hapten in serology and in animal immunization experiments. antibodies were raised in rabbits against this hapten by conjugat ... | 1980 | 6771366 |
| benign leptospirosis: the pathology of experimental infection of monkeys with leptospira interrogans serovars balcanica and tarassovi. | grivet monkeys experimentally infected with leptospira interrogans serovars balcanica and tarassovi showed no clinical disease, but severe meningoencephalitis was demonstrated histologically in animals killed 26 and 33 days after infection. the meningeal and perivascular reactions were exclusively lymphocytic. mild focal lesions of degeneration and cellular infiltration were also present in the kidneys and femoral musculature. | 1980 | 6775660 |
| a trivalent leptospiral vaccine with emphasis on a leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo component to prevent leptospiruria. | 1980 | 6945516 | |
| leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica in cattle. | 1980 | 6945519 |