Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [acute hepatitis e in madrid: description of 18 cases]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the main cause of non-a non-b enterically transmitted hepatitis in underdeveloped countries but is rare in industrialized areas. however, in the last few years, several sporadic autochthonous hepatitis e cases have been reported in europe and no risk factors, such as visiting to endemic areas, could be found in these patients. | 2006 | 16938254 |
| phylogenetic evidence for inter-typic recombination in the emergence of human enterovirus 71 subgenotypes. | human enterovirus 71 (ev-71) is a common causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd). in recent years, the virus has caused several outbreaks with high numbers of deaths and severe neurological complications. several new ev-71 subgenotypes were identified from these outbreaks. the mechanisms that contributed to the emergence of these subgenotypes are unknown. | 2006 | 16939656 |
| hepatitis e indigenous to economically developed countries: to what extent a zoonosis? | hepatitis e, a disease transmitted by hepatitis e virus, is increasingly recognized as being indigenous to affluent, temperate-zone countries. issues pertaining to disease acquisition and hepatitis e virus infection, particularly in western countries, are reviewed and highlighted. | 2006 | 16940870 |
| high prevalence of human enterovirus a infections in natural circulation of human enteroviruses. | human enterovirus (hev) infections can be asymptomatic or cause only mild illness; recent evidence may implicate hev infection in type 1 diabetes mellitus and myocarditis. here, we report the molecular characterization of hev obtained in serial monthly collections from healthy norwegian infants. a total of 1,255 fecal samples were collected from 113 healthy infants beginning at age 3 months and continuing to 28 months. the samples were analyzed for hev nucleic acid by real-time pcr. fifty-eight ... | 2006 | 16943351 |
| [preliminary study on the conditions of solid-phase screening phage antibody library]. | to explore the conditions of solid-phase screening phage antibody library and to provide the experimental basis for the design of screening project. | 2006 | 16948921 |
| identification of genotype 1 hepatitis e virus in samples from swine in cambodia. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major enterically transmitted pathogen in many developing countries, where it causes outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis. a study conducted with pigs from several livestock farms in cambodia identified one swine genotype 1 hev isolate as being associated with prevalent swine genotype 3 hev. | 2006 | 16954296 |
| brief report: no evidence for parvovirus b19 or hepatitis e virus as a cause of acute liver failure. | viral hepatitis a and b are known to cause acute liver failure. while nearly 20% of acute liver failure cases are of indeterminate etiology, screening for other viruses has not been uniformly performed. we looked for evidence for parvovirus b19 and hepatitis e virus in sera from u.s. acute liver failure patients. for b19, 78 patients' sera, including 34 with indeterminate etiology, were evaluated by dna dot-blot hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked im ... | 2006 | 16964546 |
| [two cases of acute hepatitis e in patients with hyperthyroidism]. | acute hepatitis e occur commonly as outbreaks in endemic areas, but can occur sporadically in other part of the world. acute hepatitis e has been reported rarely in korea. a case of concurrent acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and hyperthyroidism was reported in an inactive hepatitis b surface antigen carrier. we experienced two cases of concomitant acute hev infection in patients with hyperthyroidism. the first case had acute hev infection with subclinical hyperthyroidism while taking pro ... | 2006 | 16434871 |
| active surveillance for acute viral hepatitis in rural villages in the nile delta. | acute viral hepatitis is less frequent in egypt than serum antibody levels suggest. because acute viral hepatitis has a wide clinical spectrum, we tested the hypothesis that many cases are undetected because of mild illness caused by initial, early-childhood exposure to hepatitis viruses. | 2006 | 16447107 |
| epidemiology and clinical features of sporadic hepatitis e as compared with hepatitis a. | to compare the epidemiology and clinical features of two enterically transmitted hepatitis, namely hepatitis e and hepatitis a. | 2006 | 16454833 |
| molecular analysis of an echovirus 3 strain isolated from an individual concurrently with appearance of islet cell and ia-2 autoantibodies. | growing evidence has implicated members of the genus enterovirus of the family picornaviridae in the etiology of some cases of type 1 diabetes (t1d). to contribute to an understanding of the molecular determinants underlying this association, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a strain of echovirus 3 (e3), human enterovirus b (hev-b) species, isolated from an individual who soon after virus isolation developed autoantibodies characteristic of t1d. the individual has remained posit ... | 2006 | 16455897 |
| dengue virus infection: a major cause of acute hepatic failure in thai children. | acute hepatic failure (ahf) can be caused by a variety of viruses, drugs, toxins and metabolic disorders. | 2006 | 16494700 |
| [identification of human acute hepatitis e infections by detection of specific igg and igm antibody recombinant immunoblot testing]. | 2006 | 16510104 | |
| evidence that rodents are a reservoir of hepatitis e virus for humans in nepal. | 2006 | 16517936 | |
| molecular tracing of japan-indigenous hepatitis e viruses. | the ancestor(s) of apparently japan-indigenous strains of hepatitis e virus (hev) was probably of foreign origin, but it remains unclear when and from where it made inroads. in this study, 24 genotype 3 and 24 genotype 4 hev strains recovered in japan each showed a significant cluster, clearly distinct from those of foreign strains, in the phylogenetic tree constructed from an 821 nt rna polymerase gene fragment. the evolutionary rate, approximately 0.8 x 10(-3) nucleotide substitutions per site ... | 2006 | 16528044 |
| [etiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis]. | in the strictest sense, the term "viral hepatitis" includes a series of clinical conditions of infectious origin caused by five phylogenetically unrelated human viruses that have developed specific tropism to hepatocytes. in a broader sense, it also includes acute liver diseases due to infection by other viruses that do not display specific liver tropism, but may produce liver disease as a complication of the infection. hepatitis b and c viruses have, in addition, developed strategies that allow ... | 2006 | 16537063 |
| hepatitis e antibody kinetics in nepalese patients. | a cohort of 62 nepalese adults with acute hepatitis e was identified and total ig as well as igm levels to hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid protein were determined using the walter reed army institute of research (wrair) immunoassay. an antibody profile was constructed from serial serum specimens collected up to 14 months following the onset of illness. the decline in total ig was rapid for the first 3 months. there followed a slow, sustained decline, but antibodies remained above the seropositive ... | 2006 | 16542692 |
| [hepatitis a and e virus antibodies in chilean children of low socioeconomic status: a one year follow-up study]. | the seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav) is decreasing in many latin american countries, along with improvements in sanitary standards. however, there is no information available about low socioeconomic status (lse) populations. | 2006 | 16554919 |
| infection with hepatitis a, b, c, and delta viruses among patients with acute hepatitis in mongolia. | one hundred ten consecutive patients (60 males and 50 females; age, mean +/- standard deviation [sd], 22.6 +/- 6.4 years; range 16-48 years) who were clinically diagnosed with sporadic acute hepatitis between december 2004 and january 2005 in ulaanbaatar, mongolia, were studied. igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus were detected in 18 patients (16.4%), igm antibodies to hepatitis b core (anti-hbc igm) in 38 patients (34.5%) including two patients with concurrent hepatitis delta virus (hdv) infect ... | 2006 | 16555292 |
| [hepatitis e virus of different genotypes contains multiple-type antigenic epitopes]. | monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) were prepared against a recombinant protein p166us derived from us-1 strain of hepatitis e virus (hev). the immune reactivity of the mcabs to seven p166s derived from different genotypes and subtypes of hev, which included p166bur (genotype i a), p166pak (genotype i b), p166mor (genotype i c), p166mex (genotype ii), p166us (genotype iii), p166nz (swine hev, genotype iii) and p166chn (genotype iv), was tested by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) a ... | 2006 | 16579478 |
| evaluation of diagnostic assays for hepatitis e virus in outbreak settings. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of hepatitis. we evaluated five hev antibody diagnostic assays by using outbreak specimens. the abbott immunoglobulin g (igg), genelabs igg, and walter reed army institute of research (wrair) igm assays were about 90% sensitive; the abbott igg and wrair total ig and igm assays were more than 90% specific. | 2006 | 16597900 |
| [microbiological diagnosis of viral hepatitis]. | hepatitis of viral aetiology caused by hepatotropic virus (a, e, b, d and c) represents an important work load for the clinical virology laboratory. most of the diagnostic is based upon detection in serum and plasma samples of different serological and virological markers, which correlates with different infection stages. in chronic infection by hbv and hcv is necessary to perform diagnostic by molecular methods as well as antigen detection in sequential samples along the course of the disease t ... | 2006 | 16606561 |
| identification of a novel variant of human hepatitis e virus in hungary. | first human case of hepatitis e infection detected in hungary is reported. this hepatitis e virus (hev), hungary1, belongs to genotype 3 and had 95% and 90% nucleotide identity within the capsid region of the european swine and human (greece2) strains, respectively. hungary1 represents a potential novel human variant of hev in genus hepevirus. | 2006 | 16616611 |
| phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis e virus isolates in southern china (1994-1998). | we have previously reported the identification of divergent hepatitis e virus (hev) isolated (g9, g20 and 93g) in guangzhou, a city in southern china. they are now recognised as a new hev subgenotype in the world. however, the relatedness and significance of these novel isolates in sporadic hev infection in southern china is still unclear. | 2006 | 16621689 |
| convert hepatitis c virus into a non-enveloped virus like hepatitis a, by targeting its envelope rather than the rna. | based on the current understanding of the differences between the structure of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in one hand and the hepatitis a and e viruses (hav and hev) in the other hand, we hypothesize that converting the hcv into a non-enveloped virus may be the required key step in allowing viral clearance and preventing chronic viremia. better understanding of the structure of hcv envelop, and of the mechanisms involved in its acquisition is essential for the development of agents that can interfe ... | 2006 | 16229965 |
| the effect of antigen targeting sequences on antibody responses to hepatitis e virus dna vaccines in rats and sheep. | expression of the capsid (porf2) protein of hepatitis e virus (hev) in mammalian cells results in heterogeneous intracellular processing with a mixture of stable and rapidly degraded forms, which might be expected to influence immune responses to dna immunisation. plasmids encoding the n-terminal 22 or 50 amino acids of porf2 (sig1 or sig3, respectively) fused at the n-terminus of the orf2.1 antigen of hev (amino acids 394-660 of porf2) were examined for processing in vitro and antibody response ... | 2006 | 16242219 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e antibodies in pregnant egyptian women. | the epidemiology of hepatitis e virus (hev), an enterically-transmitted cause of acute viral hepatitis (avh), is not fully understood. during outbreaks on the indian subcontinent and elsewhere, hev causes severe avh with mortality rates around 20% during pregnancy. in egypt, where prevalence of hev antibodies (anti-hev) in rural communities is very high, severe hev-caused avh in pregnant women has not been reported. this study examined a cohort of 2,428 pregnant women in the nile delta to assess ... | 2006 | 16257426 |
| hepatitis e antibody seroconversion without disease in highly endemic rural egyptian communities. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is enterically transmitted and causes self-limiting acute viral hepatitis (avh) primarily in less developed countries. a prospective cohort study to assess incidence of, and risk factors for, seroconversion to hev (anti-hev) was conducted in two egyptian villages with a 67.7% anti-hev prevalence. nine hundred and nineteen villagers who were initially anti-hev-negative were followed for 10.7 months. thirty-four (3.7%) had strong anti-hev serologic responses at follow-up gi ... | 2006 | 16257427 |
| a broadly reactive one-step real-time rt-pcr assay for rapid and sensitive detection of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is transmitted by the fecal-oral route and causes sporadic and epidemic forms of acute hepatitis. large waterborne hev epidemics have been documented exclusively in developing countries. at least four major genotypes of hev have been reported worldwide: genotype 1 (found primarily in asian countries), genotype 2 (isolated from a single outbreak in mexico), genotype 3 (identified in swine and humans in the united states and many other countries), and genotype 4 (identified ... | 2006 | 16125257 |
| unexpected high prevalence of igg-antibodies to hepatitis e virus in swedish pig farmers and controls. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are responsible for large waterborne outbreaks in developing countries. sporadic cases in the developed world are mainly imported via immigrants and travellers from endemic areas. hev has been suggested to be a zoonotic infection where pigs may be an important reservoir for the disease and specific swine strains of hev have been identified which can infect also humans. the aim of this study was to analyse if swedish pig farmers are more exposed to hev than pers ... | 2006 | 16338839 |
| identification of b-cell epitopes in the capsid protein of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) that are common to human and swine hevs or unique to avian hev. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) was recently discovered in chickens from the usa that had hepatitis-splenomegaly (hs) syndrome. the complete genomic sequence of avian hev shares about 50 % nucleotide sequence identity with those of human and swine hevs. the open reading frame 2 (orf2) protein of avian hev has been shown to cross-react with human and swine hev orf2 proteins, but the b-cell epitopes in the avian hev orf2 protein have not been identified. nine synthetic peptides from the predic ... | 2006 | 16361434 |
| prevalence and risk factors for hev infection in pregnant women. | hepatitis e is an infectious viral disease with clinical and morphological features of acute hepatitis, clinically similar to other forms of acute viral hepatitis except in pregnant women, in whom the illness is particularly severe and has a high mortality rate. the present study was conducted in western turkey to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for hev infection in pregnant women. | 2006 | 16369469 |
| potent neutralization of hendra and nipah viruses by human monoclonal antibodies. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) are closely related emerging viruses comprising the henipavirus genus of the paramyxovirinae. each has a broad species tropism and can cause disease with high mortality in both animal and human hosts. these viruses infect cells by a ph-independent membrane fusion event mediated by their attachment (g) and fusion (f) envelope glycoproteins (envs). seven fabs, m101 to -7, were selected for their significant binding to a soluble form of hendra g (sg) which w ... | 2006 | 16378991 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in japanese children. | recently, sporadic cases of acute hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) have been reported in japan. however, few reports have addressed the issue of hev infection during childhood. | 2006 | 16385260 |
| [effects of different vectors and gene fragments on antigen expression of hepatitis e virus dna immunization]. | to investigate the effects of different vectors and gene fragments on antigen expression of hepatitis e virus (hev) dna immunization. | 2006 | 16388737 |
| enhanced alpha1 microglobulin secretion from hepatitis e virus orf3-expressing human hepatoma cells is mediated by the tumor susceptibility gene 101. | viruses are known to exploit the host cell machinery for their benefit during different stages of their life cycle within the infected host. one of the major challenges for a virus during the early stages of infection is to escape recognition by the host immune system. viruses have adopted many novel strategies to evade the host immune response or to create an immune suppressed environment. an earlier study in our laboratory has demonstrated that the orf3 protein of the hepatitis e virus expedit ... | 2006 | 16407257 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) antibody and the possible association with chronic liver disease: a case-control study in albania. | a case-control study involving 109 in-patients with chronic liver disease and 190 in-patients with no apparent liver disease was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-hev antibodies and the possible association with chronic liver disease. among cases, the anti-hev prevalence was 36.6% which increased significantly by age; among controls, the prevalence was 12.1% (p<0.05) and was similar among age groups <60 years. among cases, aged >50 years (or 4.0, 95% ci 1.4-11) and the presence of ... | 2006 | 16409655 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in wild mongooses of okinawa, japan: demonstration of anti-hev antibodies and a full-genome nucleotide sequence. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a single-strand rna virus, has been recovered not only from human beings but also from various species of animals. here we report our results suggesting that mongoose should be added to the list of reservoir animals of hev. of 100 mongooses we examined in okinawa, japan, 21 were thought to be positive for anti-hev antibodies, among which one was definitely positive for hev rna. full-genome sequencing of the hev isolate revealed that it segregates to a unique subgroup wit ... | 2006 | 16413822 |
| full genome sequence and analysis of indian swine hepatitis e virus isolate of genotype 4. | the full-length genomic sequence of an indian swine hepatitis e virus (hev) isolate (ind-sw-00-01) recovered from feces of a pig experimentally infected with swine hev pool from western india was determined. the genome consisted of 7,240 nucleotides, excluding the poly (a) tail of at least 22 residues and contained three open reading frames (orfs), orf-1 encoding 1,707 amino acids, orf-2 encoding 674 amino acids and orf-3 encoding 114 amino acids. comparative full-length genome sequence and phyl ... | 2006 | 16457969 |
| hepatitis e virus genotyping based on full-length genome and partial genomic regions. | some genomic regions for hepatitis e virus (hev) genotyping have been reported to correlate well with the results from the phylogenetic analyses on the basis of the complete genome. however, few studies have systemically investigated the genomic regions for hev genotyping using a combined phylogenetic and statistical approach. a consensus region for hev genotyping has not been determined. in this study the nucleotide identities and genetic distances of 24 partial genomic regions and the complete ... | 2006 | 16472882 |
| hepatitis e virus infection as a marker for contaminated community drinking water sources in tibetan villages. | in april-may 2001, a study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis e virus (hev) among 426 persons 8-49 years of age randomly selected from two groups of rural villages in central tibet. group 1 villages were assessed in 1998 as having poor quality water sources; new water systems were then constructed prior to this study. group 2 villages had higher quality water and were not designated as priority villages for new systems prior to the study. no participants te ... | 2006 | 16474079 |
| putative neutralization epitopes and broad cross-genotype neutralization of hepatitis e virus confirmed by a quantitative cell-culture assay. | monolayers of hep g2/c3a cells were inoculated with genotype 1 hepatitis e virus (hev) mixed with either anti-hev or an appropriate control. after 5 or 6 days, cell monolayers were stained with anti-hev and infected cells were identified by immunofluorescence microscopy and counted. anti-hev from vaccinated or infected rhesus monkeys neutralized the virus, as did mabs that recognized epitopes on the c terminus of a recombinant vaccine protein. antibodies were broadly cross-reactive, since conval ... | 2006 | 16476993 |
| analysis of the full-length genome of genotype 4 hepatitis e virus isolates from patients with fulminant or acute self-limited hepatitis e. | it was suggested that hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 4 is associated more closely with the severity of hepatitis e than genotype 3, although the virological basis remains unknown. the aim of this study was to examine whether genomic differences among genotype 4 hevs are responsible for the development of fulminant hepatitis. full-length sequences of genotype 4 hevs from three patients with fulminant hepatitis and six patients with acute self-limited hepatitis were determined. the sequences wer ... | 2006 | 16482537 |
| uk acquired hepatitis e--an emerging problem? | eight cases of hepatitis e acquired in the uk are reported. these cases presented to an inner city hospital in birmingham, uk, over a 5-month period in 2005. hev is considered unusual in the uk and generally occurs after travel to endemic regions. only five cases of hepatitis e acquired in the uk have been reported in the literature. this series represents an increase in the local incidence of hepatitis e, particularly that of uk-acquired infection. hev should be considered in all patients with ... | 2006 | 16482543 |
| a truncated hepatitis e virus orf2 protein expressed in tobacco plastids is immunogenic in mice. | to cost-effectively express the 23-ku pe2, the most promising subunit vaccine encoded by the e2 fragment comprising of the 3'-portion of hepatitis e virus (hev) open reading frame 2 (orf2) in plastids of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. sr1), to investigate the transgene expression and pe2 accumulation in plastids, and to evaluate the antigenic effect of the plastid-derived pe2 in mice. | 2006 | 16482635 |
| health risks of enteric viral infections in children. | children are at a greater risk of infections from serious enteric viral illness than adults for a number of reasons. most important is the immune system, which is needed to control the infection processes. this difference can lead to more serious infections than in adults, who have fully developed immune systems. there are a number of significant physiological and behavioral differences between adults and children that place children at a greater risk of exposure and a greater risk of serious in ... | 2006 | 16676900 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in regular hemodialysis patients. | the percentage of patients infected with blood-borne diseases, including hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections, is high in patients undergoing hemodialysis regularly. hepatitis e virus (hev) is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and blood-borne hev infection has also been reported recently. on the basis of these findings, we investigated the actual status of hev infection in regular hemodialysis patients. out of 1077 patients undergoing hemodialysis at two key hospita ... | 2006 | 16684223 |
| serologic evidence for hepatitis e virus infection in mongoose. | although pig and wild boar are considered to be the reservoirs of hepatitis e virus (hev) in japan, the spread of hev to other animals is unknown. serum samples from 84 mongooses (small asian mongoose; herpestes javanicus) collected in okinawa, japan were examined for antibodies to hev by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rna was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. seven (8.3%) of 84 mongooses were positive for igg antibodies to hev, and the antibody-positive rate in ... | 2006 | 16687706 |
| transfusion-transmitted virus in association with hepatitis a-e viral infections in various forms of liver diseases in india. | to describe the prevalence of transfusion-transmitted virus (ttv) infection in association with hepatitis a-e viral infections in different forms of liver diseases in north india. | 2006 | 16688839 |
| seroprevalence for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection among volunteer blood donors of the regional blood bank of londrina, state of paraná , brazil. | a cross-sectional study was carried out among 996 volunteer blood donors enrolled from may 1999 to december 1999 to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection among volunteer blood donors of the regional blood bank of londrina, state of paraná, brazil, and to evaluate whether the rate of seroprevalence of igg anti-hev antibodies is associated with sociodemographic variables and with seropositivity for hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. all participants answered the questio ... | 2006 | 16699630 |
| swine as a principal reservoir of hepatitis e virus that infects humans in eastern china. | genotype iv hepatitis e virus (hev) has been isolated from humans and swine. to study the relationship between the human and swine reservoirs, we estimated their respective viral burden, analyzed the genetic makeup of the virus populations, and assessed the risk of infection associated with swine farming. | 2006 | 16703507 |
| high mortality associated with an outbreak of hepatitis e among displaced persons in darfur, sudan. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute onset of jaundice and a high case-fatality ratio in pregnant women. we provide a clinical description of hospitalized case patients and assess the specific impact on pregnant women during a large epidemic of hev infection in a displaced population in mornay camp (78,800 inhabitants), western darfur, sudan. | 2006 | 16705571 |
| a large outbreak of hepatitis e among a displaced population in darfur, sudan, 2004: the role of water treatment methods. | the conflict in darfur, sudan, was responsible for the displacement of 1.8 million civilians. we investigated a large outbreak of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in mornay camp (78,800 inhabitants) in western darfur. | 2006 | 16705572 |
| [hepatitis e virus infection in japan]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major etiologic agent of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis in many developing countries. epidemics are primarily waterborne in areas where water supplies are contaminated with hev of human origin. there is increasing evidence, however, that hev is also prevalent in very low numbers in non-endemic countries, including japan. although the source of hev in these sporadic cases is unknown, a recently isolated swine virus is the best candidate for causing a zoonot ... | 2006 | 16722461 |
| expression and processing of the hepatitis e virus orf1 nonstructural polyprotein. | the orf1 of hepatitis e virus (hev) encodes a nonstructural polyprotein of approximately 186 kda that has putative domains for four enzymes: a methyltransferase, a papain-like cysteine protease, a rna helicase and a rna dependent rna polymerase. in the absence of a culture system for hev, the orf1 expressed using bacterial and mammalian expression systems has shown an approximately 186 kda protein, but no processing of the polyprotein has been observed. based on these observations, it was propos ... | 2006 | 16725054 |
| [epidemiology and clinical manifestations of viral hepatitis]. | viral hepatitis is an infectious disease affecting the liver. at this time, five different human hepatitis viruses are recognized and characterized in detail: hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), and hepatitis e virus (hev). the hepatitis viruses differ widely in their modes of transmission and clinical features. whereas all of them can cause acute hepatitis, only hbv, hdv, and hcv cause chronic hepatitis. this article reviews the ep ... | 2006 | 16725087 |
| a bicistronic subgenomic mrna encodes both the orf2 and orf3 proteins of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus replicons containing the neomycin resistance gene expressed from open reading frames (orfs) 2 and 3 were transfected into huh-7 cells, and stable cell lines containing functional replicons were selected by constant exposure to g418 sulfate. northern blot analyses detected full-length replicon rna and a single subgenomic rna. this subgenomic rna, which was capped, initiated at nucleotide 5122 downstream of the first two methionine codons in orf3 and was bicistronic; two closely ... | 2006 | 16731930 |
| array-based nano-amplification technique was applied in detection of hepatitis e virus. | a rapid method for the detection of hepatitis e virus (hev) was developed by utilizing nano-gold labeled oligonucleotide probes, silver stain enhancement and the microarray technique. the 5'-end -nh(2) modified oligonucleotide probes were immobilized on the surface of the chip base as the capture probe. the detection probe was made of the 3'-end -sh modified oligonucleotide probe and nano-gold colloid. the optimal concentrations of these two probes were determined. to test the detection sensitiv ... | 2006 | 16756752 |
| comparison of real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and nested or commercial reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of hepatitis e virus particle in human serum. | hepatitis e virus (hev) was originally identified as the causative agent of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. the virus is the 7.5-kb single-stranded positive rna virus and has been classified in the genus herpevirus [corrected] of the [corrected] herpeviridae [corrected] recently, hevs were identified from several countries worldwide from human and animals including swine. studies on the genomic analysis of hev isolates and seroprevalence of anti-hev antibodies suggested that hev ... | 2006 | 16757142 |
| international collaborative survey on epidemiology of hepatitis e virus in 11 countries. | we conducted seroepidemiological studies on antibody prevalence to hepatitis e virus (hev) in 5,233 sera from 11 countries to ascertain the present state of hev infection on a global basis. the prevalence of anti-hev igg increased with age in these tested countries, but the rate of antibody positivity was over 20% in the 16-30 year-old group in most of the participating countries, except for japan, the usa, and spain. of patients with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology from nepal, 56% (14/25) w ... | 2006 | 16771218 |
| [hepatitis e]. | 2006 | 16774074 | |
| distinct changing profiles of hepatitis a and e virus infection among patients with acute hepatitis, patients on maintenance hemodialysis and healthy individuals in japan. | to compare the epidemiologic profiles of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in japan, the prevalence of clinical or subclinical hav and hev infections was investigated serologically and molecularly among 128 consecutive patients (age, mean +/- standard deviation, 37.5 +/- 14.7 years) who contracted acute hepatitis between 1989 and 2005 in a city hospital, and among 416 hemodialysis patients (60.1 +/- 12.6 years) and 266 medical staff members (34.6 +/- 11.4 years) at t ... | 2006 | 16789007 |
| validation of single real-time taqman pcr assay for the detection and quantitation of four major genotypes of hepatitis e virus in clinical specimens. | since the characterization of the genome of the hepatitis e virus (hev) in 1990, a large genetic diversity has been described. a single real-time reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assay with taqman technology has been validated which uses only one set of primers and probe within the orf2 hev region (nt 5207-5292) for the detection and quantification of the four major genotypes of hev. this assay proved to be as efficient as the conventional rt-pcr methodology for the detection of hev in clinical sa ... | 2006 | 16789018 |
| indigenous hepatitis e virus infection in england and wales. | 2006 | 16793820 | |
| hepatitis e is an autochthonous disease in industrialized countries. analysis of 23 patients in south-west france over a 13-month period and comparison with hepatitis a. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for acute hepatitis predominantly in developing countries. in western europe and in the us, cases of acute hev infection are uncommon and occur primarily in travelers returning from endemic countries. the aim of this study was to describe patients with acute hepatitis e in south west france and compare them with patients with acute hepatitis a. | 2006 | 16801899 |
| [nine cases of sporadic acute hepatitis e in korea]. | hepatitis e virus is an enterically transmitted virus that causes endemic cases of acute hepatitis in many countries in africa, and southeast and central asia. sporadic cases of acute hepatitis e also have been reported in developed countries. in non-endemic areas, most of the sporadic cases of hepatitis e are introduced from the endemic areas. until now, only three cases of acute hepatitis e have been reported in korea. recently, we experienced nine cases of acute hepatitis, in which serologic ... | 2006 | 16804348 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e virus infection in germany with sequence similarities to other european isolates. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of acute hepatitis in endemic areas. yet reports on autochthonous cases in other areas such as middle europe are increasing. here we report on a patient, who obviously acquired his hev infection in germany. sequence analysis of the virus gained from his serum revealed homologies to other european isolates and swine isolates. | 2006 | 16804663 |
| significance of serum iga in patients with acute hepatitis e virus infection. | to study the significance of serum anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) iga in patients with hepatitis e. | 2006 | 16804983 |
| dynamic changes of hbv dna in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic hepatitis patients after lamivudine treatment. | to study the dynamic changes of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of patients after lamivudine therapy. | 2006 | 16810760 |
| prolonged hepatitis e in an immunocompromised patient. | 2006 | 16824086 | |
| evidence of a potential receptor-binding site on the nipah virus g protein (niv-g): identification of globular head residues with a role in fusion promotion and their localization on an niv-g structural model. | as a preliminary to the localization of the receptor-binding site(s) on the nipah virus (niv) glycoprotein (niv-g), we have undertaken the identification of niv-g residues that play a role in fusion promotion. to achieve this, we have used two strategies. first, as niv and hendra virus (hev) share a common receptor and their cellular tropism is similar, we hypothesized that residues functioning in receptor attachment could be conserved between their respective g proteins. our initial strategy wa ... | 2006 | 16840334 |
| analysis of human and swine hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates of genotype 3 in japan that are only 81-83 % similar to reported hev isolates of the same genotype over the entire genome. | full-length sequences were determined for a human hepatitis e virus (hev) isolate (he-ja04-1911) and two swine hev isolates (swj8-5 and swj12-4) that belong to one of three clusters within genotype 3 in japan and are close to spanish isolates according to their partial sequences. the three hev isolates were 89.7-92.9 % identical to each other, but only 80.7-83.0 % similar to 21 hev strains of the same genotype isolated in canada, kyrgyzstan, the usa and japan over their entire genome. on compari ... | 2006 | 16847132 |
| [study on risk factors of sporadic hepatitis e virus cases in some districts of shanghai]. | to study the risk factors of acute sporadic hepatitis e virus (hev) cases and to analyze its partial sequence in some districts of shanghai. | 2006 | 16875530 |
| aetiology of acute viral hepatitis in andaman and nicobar islands, india. | 2006 | 16884639 | |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus from a large outbreak from kerala, india. | hepatitis a is highly prevalent in india and mainly presents as a sporadic disease. this study investigated an outbreak of viral hepatitis at medical college hospital area, kottayam, kerala state, india during january 2005. | 2006 | 16885597 |
| development and validation of an improved rt-pcr assay with nested universal primers for detection of hepatitis e virus strains with significant sequence divergence. | recent studies revealed that hepatitis e virus (hev) genomes are more variable than previously thought and well-conserved regions suitable for designing universal primers are limited. in this study, based on alignment of 70 full-length hev sequences of genotypes 1-4, a part of the orf2/orf3 overlapping region was found to be the best target region for pcr amplification of various hev strains. using the newly designed primers, an rt-pcr method (orf2/3-137 pcr) that amplifies a 137-nucleotide (nt) ... | 2006 | 16901555 |
| structural and functional basis for adp-ribose and poly(adp-ribose) binding by viral macro domains. | macro domains constitute a protein module family found associated with specific histones and proteins involved in chromatin metabolism. in addition, a small number of animal rna viruses, such as corona- and toroviruses, alphaviruses, and hepatitis e virus, encode macro domains for which, however, structural and functional information is extremely limited. here, we characterized the macro domains from hepatitis e virus, semliki forest virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars ... | 2006 | 16912299 |
| phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis e virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis. | nucleotide sequences from a total of 421 hev isolates were retrieved from genbank and analysed. phylogenetically, hev was classified into four major genotypes. genotype 1 was more conserved and classified into five subtypes. the number of genotype 2 sequences was limited but can be classified into two subtypes. genotypes 3 and 4 were extremely diverse and can be subdivided into ten and seven subtypes. geographically, genotype 1 was isolated from tropical and several subtropical countries in asia ... | 2006 | 16175650 |
| ultrasound findings in acute viral hepatitis. | serological markers for the virus remain mainstay of diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis. however, it is not available in all part of our country. the aim of this study is to find out the sonological findings of the hepatobiliary system that may aid to clinch the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis. | 2006 | 18603946 |
| hepatitis e in nepal. | hepatitis e is an acute disease caused by hepatitis e virus that usually manifest as acute jaundice. the hallmark of the disease is its high incidence in young adults, and high mortality in pregnant women from acute hepatic failure. it is a waterborne infection and occurs sporadically or as epidemic outbreaks. kathmandu valley is a hyper-endemic area for hepatitis e, where during last 30 years three large epidemics and many focal outbreaks have occurred. about 50% of the sporadic cases of acute ... | 2006 | 18603971 |
| [molecular characterization of hepatitis e virus in three acute liver failure cases in children in argentina]. | strains of hepatitis e virus (hev) isolated from argentinian patients with sporadic hepatitis, as well as from swine from argentina, belong to genotype 3. hev genotype 3 variants have been described associated with acute liver failure (alf) in adults from japan and the united kingdom. in argentina, 30% of alf in adults and children are of unknown aetiology. to study if hev could be an aetiological agent associated with alf in children, serum and/or fecal samples fjom 35 children (mean age: 6 yea ... | 2006 | 17407988 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus infection, rural southern people's republic of china. | genotype 4 hepatitis e virus (hev) is the dominant cause of hepatitis e in the people's republic of china; swine are the principal reservoir. our study was conducted in 8 rural communities of southern china, where families keep pigs near their homes. phylogenetic analysis showed that 23 of 24 concurrent virus isolates from this region are genotype 4 strains. among the study populations, immunoglobulin g anti-hev seroprevalence accumulated with age at approximately equal to 1% per year for person ... | 2006 | 17283617 |
| [hepatitis e virus: an emerging disease]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a spherical, non-enveloped, single stranded rna virus. four genotypes (1-4) have so far been distinguished. hev infection can occur either in large epidemics (in endemic regions only: southeast asia, india, central asia central, africa, and mexico) or in sporadic forms. hev is transmitted principally by the fecal-oral pathway, that is, hand-to-mouth. there is a risk of transmission from animals to humans. nearly half of all cases have no or few symptoms. symptomatic fo ... | 2006 | 17446156 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus in egyptian children presented with minor hepatic disorders. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered as one of the common causes of particular hepatitis in developing countries. it is transmitted in a fecal-oral manner. it causes sporadic infections and large epidemics. to estimate the prevalence of anti-hev igg and igm antibodies to orf3 peptide of hepatitis e virus genome in an age of children, study subjects (100 children) between 6 months and 10 years with minor, hepatic illnesses were recruited for the study during the period from september 2004 to sep ... | 2005 | 17977212 |
| hepatitis e virus: an emerging zoonotic agent. | hepatitis e is an infectious viral disease with clinical and morphological features of acute hepatitis. the aetiological agent is the hepatitis e virus (hev). the disease represents an important public health problem in developing countries where it is frequently epidemic and is primarily transmitted by the faecal-oral route. in recent years, a number of sporadic cases have also been described in industrialised countries, italy included. swine hev was first identified in 1997 and is now consider ... | 2005 | 20437374 |
| location of, immunogenicity of and relationships between neutralization epitopes on the attachment protein (g) of hendra virus. | epitopes involved in a protective immune response to hendra virus (hev) (henipavirus, paramxyoviridae) were investigated by generating five neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the virus attachment protein (g) of hev (hev g) and sequencing of the g gene of groups of neutralization-escape variants selected with each mab. amino acid substitutions occurred at eight distinct sites on hev g. relationships between these sites were investigated in binding and neutralization assays using heterol ... | 2005 | 16186240 |
| a sabin 3-derived poliovirus recombinant contained a sequence homologous with indigenous human enterovirus species c in the viral polymerase coding region. | outbreaks of poliomyelitis caused by circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cvdpvs) have been reported in areas where indigenous wild polioviruses (pvs) were eliminated by vaccination. most of these cvdpvs contained unidentified sequences in the nonstructural protein coding region which were considered to be derived from human enterovirus species c (hev-c) by recombination. in this study, we report isolation of a sabin 3-derived pv recombinant (cambodia-02) from an acute flaccid paralysis (af ... | 2005 | 16188967 |
| essential elements of the capsid protein for self-assembly into empty virus-like particles of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a noncultivable virus that causes acute liver failure in humans. the virus's major capsid protein is encoded by an open reading frame 2 (orf2) gene. when the recombinant protein consisting of amino acid (aa) residues 112 to 660 of orf2 is expressed with a recombinant baculovirus, the protein self-assembles into virus-like particles (vlps) (t.-c. li, y. yamakawa, k. suzuki, m. tatsumi, m. a. razak, t. uchida, n. takeda, and t. miyamura, j. virol. 71:7207-7213, 1997). vl ... | 2005 | 16189002 |
| markers of hepatitis viruses and human t-lymphotropic virus types i/ii in patients who have undergone open-heart surgery: evidence of increased risk for exposure to hbv and hev. | open-heart procedure is characterized by a high-risk for contracting blood-borne infections. we evaluated the prevalence of several markers of hepatitis viruses (b-e) and human t-cell lymphotropic virus types i/ii (htlv-i/ii) in a consecutive series of patients who had undergone open-heart surgery. | 2005 | 16198902 |
| [serological antibodies comparison of a hepatitis e outbreak]. | to compare the serological characters of an outbreak of hepatitis e and evaluate sensitivity and specificity of anti-hev e2-igm. | 2005 | 16201469 |
| [relationship between fatal severe from hepatitis occurred during chronic hepatitis b and superinfections of hepatotropic b e system status]. | to clarify the relationship between fatal severe form hepatitis occurred during chronic hepatitis b and superinfections of hepatitis a, c, d or e virus as well as hepatitis b e system status and to adopt corresponding measures to reduce the mortality of chronic hepatitis b. | 2005 | 16201474 |
| serological and molecular studies on subclinical hepatitis e virus infection using periodic serum samples obtained from healthy individuals. | subclinical hepatitis e virus (hev) infection among healthy individuals was studied serologically and molecularly. serum samples collected at screening between march and april 2004 (or just before retirement) from 266 medical staff members (35 males, 231 females) who had been working for 8.8 +/- 8.5 (mean +/- standard deviation, range, 0.3-35.1) years in a city hospital in japan and serum samples that had been collected from these staff members at the start of employment were tested for iga, igm ... | 2005 | 15977233 |
| [a case of acute hepatitis e who had a history of frequent ingestion of raw meat and viscera from wild deer and boars]. | 2005 | 15981631 | |
| age-specific antibody to hepatitis e virus has remained constant during the past 20 years in japan. | we investigated the presence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) and hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) by enzyme immunoassays in sera from 1015 individuals collected in 1974, 1984 and 1994. age-specific profiles of anti-hev remained unchanged with a peak at 40-49 years, while those of anti-hav started to increase in individuals aged 20-29 years in 1974, 30-39 years in 1984 and 40-49 years in 1994. these results suggest that a silent hev infection has been taking place in the last 20 years o ... | 2005 | 15985017 |
| [autochthonous hepatitis e virus in southeastern france. 2 cases]. | hepatitis e virus is endemic in developing countries where it is especially lethal among pregnant women. as the circulation of goods and people grows between these countries and the industrialized nations, this virus is emerging as a cause of imported acute hepatitis in the latter, where authentic autochthonous cases also exist. | 2005 | 15988340 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus among haemodialysis patients in taiwan: possible infection by blood transfusion. | a higher prevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) in non-endemic viral hepatitis such as in germany has been reported in our previous study. the aim of this study was to assess the seroepidemiology of hev among haemodialysis (hd) patients in shin-kong hospital, taiwan, and to evaluate whether there was an increased risk of infection and exposure to hev even in an area of endemic viral hepatitis. | 2005 | 15722643 |
| systematic pathogenesis and replication of avian hepatitis e virus in specific-pathogen-free adult chickens. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important human pathogen. due to the lack of a cell culture system and a practical animal model for hev, little is known about its pathogenesis and replication. the discovery of a strain of hev in chickens, designated avian hev, prompted us to evaluate chickens as a model for the study of hev. eighty-five 60-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were randomly divided into three groups. group 1 chickens (n=28) were each inoculated with 5 x 10(4.5) 50% chicken infe ... | 2005 | 15731237 |
| challenges in creating a vaccine to prevent hepatitis e. | recombinant hepatitis e virus capsid protein (hev cp) assembles orally immunogenic virus-like particles (vlp) when expressed in an insect cell system. we used plant expression cassettes, phev101 and phev110, for transformation of potato to express hev cp, and 10 independent transgenic lines of hev101 and 6 lines of hev110 were obtained. elisa for hev cp was performed on tuber extracts. accumulation of hev cp in tubers varied from about 5 to 30 microg/g fresh tuber depending on the transgenic pla ... | 2005 | 15734058 |
| nosocomial outbreak of hepatitis e infection in pakistan with possible parenteral transmission. | 2005 | 15736034 | |
| [acute hepatitis during pregnancy: hepatitis e virus must be considered]. | 2005 | 15738906 |