Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| insect repellent formulations of n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) in a liposphere system: efficacy and skin uptake. | novel formulations for a deet in liposphere microdispersion in the form of lotion were prepared from natural solid triglycerides and phospholipids dispersed in buffer solution. the formulations containing 6.5, 10, and 20% deet were effective as a repellent against the common aggressive biting mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi, for up to 6 h. the acute dermal absorption of the 10% loaded formulation was conducted in rabbits using 14c-labeled deet. 14c-labeled deet, 10% in alcohol ... | 1995 | 7616186 |
| an immunological factor that affects anopheles gambiae survival. | high titers of antibodies against anopheles gambiae midguts were produced in new zealand rabbits to identify midgut targets for an antimosquito vaccine. the serum from one of 8 rabbits (designated r2b6) killed 71.6% (abbott's adjusted % mortality) of an. gambiae within 7 days. mosquitoes ingesting r2b6 serum were unable to absorb their blood meal nutrients, resulting in reduced oviposition and egg hatching rates. anopheles stephensi and anopheles arabiensis were also killed when ingesting r2b6 s ... | 1995 | 7616189 |
| control of anopheles stephensi breeding in construction sites and abandoned overhead tanks with bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | bacillus thuringiensis (h-14), strain 164 (bactoculicide) when applied at 1 g/m2 surface area successfully controlled anopheles stephensi breeding in construction sites, abandoned overhead tanks, and curing waters. subsequent to application, no pupal production was observed in these habitats for 3, 18, and 21 days, respectively. based on these findings, inclusion of bactoculicide in the bioenvironmental vector control strategy is suggested and fortnightly spraying in construction sites at 1 g/m2 ... | 1995 | 7616196 |
| depletion of total salivary gland protein in blood-fed anopheles mosquitoes. | reduction in total salivary gland protein from four anopheline vectors of human malaria, anopheles stephensi liston, an. albimanus wiedmann, an. gambiae giles, and an. freeborni aitken, was quantified after mosquitoes blood-fed to repletion on human volunteers, hamsters or through a baudruche artificial membrane. total salivary gland protein from pools of six unfed mosquitoes ranged from 4.33 to 7.91 micrograms/ml. the difference between the total protein of glands from unfed and blood-fed mosqu ... | 1995 | 7616520 |
| cyclophosphamide: review of its mutagenicity for an assessment of potential germ cell risks. | cyclophosphamide (cp) is used to treat a wide range of neoplastic diseases as well as some non-malignant ones such as rheumatoid arthritis. it is also used as an immunosuppressive agent prior to organ transplantation. cp is, however, a known carcinogen in humans and produces secondary tumors. there is little absorption either orally or intravenously and 10% of the drug is excreted unchanged. cp is activated by hepatic mixed function oxidases and metabolites are delivered to neoplastic cells via ... | 1995 | 7623863 |
| plasmodium berghei: selection of mefloquine-resistant parasites through drug pressure in mosquitoes. | mefloquine is an antimalarial drug with schizonticidal activity on blood-stage parasites. studies of the role of mefloquine on the development of plasmodium berghei anka in anopheles stephensi have been carried out that showed a dose-dependent effect on the sporogonic cycle of these parasites, with changes in the numbers of oocysts and the extent of sporozoite invasion of salivary glands. in this study, we show that mefloquine-resistant p. berghei anka blood stage parasites could be selected thr ... | 1995 | 7628567 |
| murine complement reduces infectivity of plasmodium yoelii to mosquitoes. | the alternative pathway of complement in the mouse serum significantly reduced, but did not eliminate, the infectivity of plasmodium yoelii to anopheles stephensi. the reduction of the infectivity is mainly due to the inability of the zygote to transform into the ookinete in the mosquito midgut. | 1995 | 7642309 |
| plasmodium vivax: freeze-fracture studies on the ultrastructure of the sporozoites within the salivary gland of the mosquito anopheles stephensi. | freeze-fracturing has been used to study the ultrastructure of the sporozoites of the malarial parasite plasmodium vivax within the salivary gland of the mosquito anopheles stephensi. the architecture of the pellicular complex of the salivary gland sporozoites was essentially the same as that reported for the intraoocystic forms, but the outline of cross-fractured p. vivax sporozoites was more flattened and crescent shaped as opposed to the circular outline described for the intraoocystic sporoz ... | 1995 | 7771612 |
| inhibitory activity of the anti-malarial atovaquone (566c80) against ookinetes, oocysts, and sporozoites of plasmodium berghei. | ookinete formation from mature plasmodium berghei gametocytes in vitro was partially inhibited by 0.05-0.1 microm atovaquone and almost totally blocked at a concentration of 0.25 microm. microgametocyte exflagellation was not affected by atovaquone at concentrations up to 300 microm. ookinete formation was also inhibited in culture when addition of 0.20 microm atovaquone was delayed by 4 hr, by which time dna replication was likely to have been completed. inhibition of ookinete formation by atov ... | 1995 | 7776134 |
| malaria-induced reduction of fecundity during the first gonotrophic cycle of anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | anopheles stephensi mosquitoes which had fed upon mice infected with plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis malaria parasites produced significantly fewer eggs than mosquitoes fed on an uninfected mouse. fecundity reduction was more pronounced when the bloodmeal contained malaria gametocytes and the mosquitoes developed oocysts. egg production and haematin excretion were correlated for uninfected bloodfed mosquitoes; the presence of p.y.nigeriensis in the blood affected this relationship. reduced fecundi ... | 1995 | 7787226 |
| [research on the factors influencing the sporogonic multiplication of plasmodium vivax in the mosquito vector]. | volunteers with no previous malaria history infected with northern guangdong isolate of plasmodium vivax and mosquito vector, anopheles stephensi, were the objects and materials used in the research. totally there were 16 volunteers, half of them were infected by mosquito-bite and another half by blood-inoculation. blood was drawn when parasitemia reached a certain level and the erythrocytic forms developed into large trophozoites. mosquitoes fed on infected blood from 5 and 4 donors of the two ... | 1995 | 7788889 |
| safety, immunogenicity, and pilot efficacy of plasmodium falciparum sporozoite and asexual blood-stage combination vaccine in swiss adults. | this study was part of a larger program to develop a vaccine effective against plasmodium falciparum infection caused by sporozoites and clinical malaria caused by asexual blood stages. in a phase 1 study of safety and immunogenicity, two recombinant proteins (ro 46-2717, a circumsporozoite [cs] protein) construct with a molecular mass of 35 kd, and ro 46-2924, a merozoite surface antigen [msa-2] construct with a molecular mass of 25 kd) adsorbed onto alum were injected in two low (20 micrograms ... | 1995 | 7485698 |
| plasmodium gallinaceum: mosquito peritrophic matrix and the parasite-vector compatibility. | transmission of malaria parasites occurs by relatively few species of mosquitoes. one proposed mechanism of refractoriness is an inability of certain plasmodium spp. to cross the peritrophic matrix (pm) in the midgut of an incompatible mosquito. we have tested this hypothesis by studying sporogonic development of plasmodium gallinaceum in susceptible (aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae g3) and refractory (anopheles stephensi) mosquito species in the presence and absence of the pm. in the presen ... | 1995 | 7498435 |
| [effect of environmental temperature, cryopreservation and aging on plasmodium vivax sporozoites developing into exoerythrocytic stages]. | after anopheles stephensi mosquitoes with salivary infection of plasmodium vivax were put in environments with temperatures of 30 +/- 1 degrees c, 26 +/- 1 degrees c or 13 +/- 1 degrees c for 5 d, their glands were aseptically dissected and sporozoites were collected and inoculated into hepg2-a16 cell monolayers. seven days post-inoculation the cultured materials were harvested and the exoerythrocytic schizonts and hypnozoites were observed under the microscope by using immunoperoxidase staining ... | 1995 | 8556788 |
| the impact of variations in temperature on early plasmodium falciparum development in anopheles stephensi. | the effect of temperature on early plasmodium falciparum development was examined in anopheles stephensi. the rates of both ookinete development and bloodmeal digestion were lengthened as temperatures decreased from 27 to 21 degrees c. however, low temperatures (21-27 degrees c) did not significantly influence infection rates or densities of either ookinetes or oocytes. in contrast, high temperatures (30 and 32 degrees c) significantly impacted parasite densities and infection rates by interferi ... | 1995 | 8559585 |
| plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis: the effect of high and low intensity of infection upon the egg production and bloodmeal size of anopheles stephensi during three gonotrophic cycles. | anopheles stephensi mosquitoes showed a reduction in fecundity over 3 successive gonotrophic cycles, after becoming infected with plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis. this effect could be observed at high oocyst burdens (> 75) or at low oocyst burdens (mean of 4.36). mean bloodmeal size of the infected mosquitoes was significantly reduced only when feeding upon a mouse with a high gametocytaemia and the conversion of the bloodmeal into eggs by the infected mosquitoes was disrupted. patterns of infecte ... | 1995 | 8559587 |
| binding of the cryivd toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to larval dipteran midgut proteins. | ligand-blotting experiments on dipteran brush border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) showed binding of cryivd toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to proteins of 148 kda in anopheles stephensi and of 78 kda in tipula oleracea, both species being susceptible to cryivd. binding of cryivd with bbmvs of a. stephensi resulted in a stronger signal than with bbmvs of t. oleracea. likewise, larvae of a. stephensi are 10,000-fold more susceptible to the cryivd toxin than are larvae of t. oleracea ... | 1995 | 16535074 |
| electrophysiological responses of receptor neurons in mosquito maxillary palp sensilla to carbon dioxide. | sensilla basiconica on the maxillary palps of female aedes aegypti contain a receptor neuron which produces a phasic-tonic pattern of action potential response to low concentrations (150-300 ppm) of carbon dioxide (co2), a stimulus known to be involved with host seeking behavior. these receptor neurons respond reliably to small increments in co2 concentration (e.g., 50 ppm). we were particularly interested in evaluating the possibility that the sensitivity to step increases in co2 concentration ... | 1995 | 7674195 |
| isolation of the insecticidal components of tagetes minuta (compositae) against mosquito larvae and adults. | application of tagetes minuta floral extract to silica gel column chromatography produced 2 fractions with the hydrogenate part 20-30 times more toxic to larvae and 12-13 times more toxic to adults of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi, respectively, than the oxygenate part. further fractionation by column chromatography of the hydrogenate fraction produced 4 thiophenes, 5-(but-3-ene-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene, 5-(but-3-ene-1-ynyl)-5'-methyl-2,2'-bithiophene, 2,2',5',2"-terthiophene, and 5-meth ... | 1995 | 8551298 |
| cloning, sequencing and functional expression of an acetylcholinesterase gene from the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | a degenerate pcr strategy was used to isolate a fragment of the acetylcholinesterase gene (ace) homolog from aedes aegypti and screen for a cdna clone containing the complete open reading frame of the gene. the predicted amino acid sequence of the aedes gene shares 64% identity with ace from drosophila and 87% identity with the acetylcholinesterase gene from another mosquito species anopheles stephensi. high levels of expression of the aedes gene were achieved by infection of sf21 cells with a r ... | 1995 | 7635199 |
| control of mosquito breeding using wood scrapings treated with neem oil. | wood scrapings were given shape of a ball and soaked in 5, 10 and 20% neem (azadirachta indica) oil diluted in acetone. control of anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti breeding in water storage overhead tanks (ohts) with the application of these balls was achieved for 45 days. two balls soaked in 5% neem oil produced the best results among other concentrations tested. | 1995 | 7589730 |
| factors affecting membrane feeding of anopheles stephensi. | the impact of optimal temperature, osmotic pressure, and diet viscosity on the number of mosquitoes (anopheles stephensi) feeding through a membrane, and on the size of the blood meal, was evaluated. an increase in diet viscosity decreased the number of imbibing mosquitoes, reduced the size of the ingested meal, and resulted in a slower rate of weight loss after feeding. the possible effect of these factors on the vectorial efficiency of mosquitoes is discussed. | 1995 | 8825498 |
| cloning and sequencing of a cdna encoding acetylcholinesterase in colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). | a cdna encoding acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec 1.1.1.7) was cloned from a cdna library constructed from an insecticide-susceptible strain of colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). the complete amino acid sequence of ache deduced from the cdna consisted of 29 residues for the putative signal peptide and 600 residues for the mature protein with a predicted molecular weight of 67,994. northern blot analysis of poly(a) rna showed an approx 13.1-kb transcript. the mature protein seq ... | 1995 | 8580913 |
| larvicidal activity of a few plant extracts against culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles stephensi. | larvicidal activity of partially purified extracts of leaves of vitex negundo, nerium oleander and seeds of syzygium jambolanum on different instars of culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles stephensi was estimated. petroleum ether (pe): ethyl acetate (ea) 3:1 fraction of v. negundo, 1:1 fractions of n. oleander and s. jambolanum inflicted considerable larval mortality and interfered with pupal-adult metamorphosis. at very low concentration the active fractions of these plant extracts extended the ... | 1995 | 8549835 |
| phytotoxicological evaluation of tagetes erectes on aquatic stages of anopheles stephensi. | petroleum ether (5%) in ethyl acetate fraction of tagetes erectes showed toxic activity against second and fourth instar larvae of anopheles stephensi below 100 ppm concentrations. the lc50 values for second and fourth instar larvae were calculated to be 43 and 58 ppm respectively. the second instar larvae were more susceptible than the fourth instar larvae. the extract did not affect the larval developmental period. the growth index of treated mosquitoes was significant in comparison with that ... | 1994 | 7958125 |
| time to death from starvation and compulsive killing by the larvae of toxorhynchites splendens (diptera: culicidae). | time to death from starvation and compulsive killing without eating of the prey by larvae of toxorhynchites splendens were studied in the laboratory. the first and second instars survived without food for 3 days while third and fourth instars survived for 7.8 and 14 days, respectively. when the corresponding instars of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi or culex quinquefasciatus were offered, the number of prey killed but not eaten ranged from 0 to 15 per 40 prey larvae. compulsive killing of ae ... | 1994 | 7887340 |
| toxicity of extracts from three tagetes against adults and larvae of yellow fever mosquito and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | whole-plant soxhlet extractions for the three tagetes species showed that t. minuta had the greatest biocidal effect on the larvae and adults of aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles stephensi liston. bioassays of simultaneous steam distillation extractions of the various parts of t. minuta found extracts from the flowers provided ld90s of 4 and 8 ppm against the larvae and 0.4 and 0.45% against the adults of a. aegypti and a. stephensi, respectively. further research on t. minuta floral extracts as ... | 1994 | 7815394 |
| sensory bases of attractancy: morphology of mosquito olfactory sensilla-- a review. | the internal and external ultrastructure of virtually all of the olfactory sensilla of the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi have been described. many other mosquitoes have had their olfactory complements partially described. this review summarizes ultrastructural features and suspected biological roles of the small sensilla coeloconica, large sensilla coeloconica, sensilla ampullaceae, grooved pegs and sensilla trichodea of mosquito antennae, and the capitate pegs of mosquito pal ... | 1994 | 8965084 |
| effect of ambrosia maritima on anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. | the toxicity of the molluscicidal plant ambrosia maritima l. was evaluated against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. in the larvicidal assays a negligible mortality was observed in both species after application of the dried leaves in the water at concentrations up to 2000 mg/l. when the powdered leaves were applied at the surface of the water, however, up to 38% of the larvae of a. stephensi were killed at 2000 mg/l. virtually no inhibitory effect on the larval growth of both species was n ... | 1994 | 8046947 |
| inhibition of malaria parasite development in mosquitoes by anti-mosquito-midgut antibodies. | the mosquito midgut plays a central role in the development and subsequent transmission of malaria parasites. using a rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei, and the mosquito vector anopheles stephensi, we investigated the effect of anti-mosquito-midgut antibodies on the development of malaria parasites in the mosquito. in agreement with previous studies, we found that mosquitoes that ingested antimidgut antibodies along with infectious parasites had significantly fewer oocysts than mosquit ... | 1994 | 8262645 |
| interactions between parasites and insects vectors. | this review stresses the importance of studies that will provide a basic understanding of the pathology of parasite-infected vector insects. this knowledge should be a vital component of the very focussed initiatives currently being funded in the areas of vector control. vector fecundity reduction is discussed as an example of such pathology. underlying mechanisms are being investigated in a model system, hymenolepis diminuta-infected tenebrio molitor and in onchocerca-infected blackflies and pl ... | 1994 | 7565125 |
| inhibitory action of the anti-malarial compound atovaquone (566c80) against plasmodium berghei anka in the mosquito, anopheles stephensi. | the activity of atovaquone against plasmodium berghei anka during sporogonic development has been examined. anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were fed on gametocyte infected mice which had been treated 8 h previously with atovaquone or diluent alone. mosquito midguts were examined for oocysts, and salivary gland infections were estimated using an elisa for the circumsporozoite protein (csp). the number of oocysts per midgut fell by at least 97% when mosquitoes were fed on mice dosed with 0.1-10 mg ... | 1994 | 8008451 |
| an entomological investigation of the likely impact of cattle ownership on malaria in an afghan refugee camp in the north west frontier province of pakistan. | field trials were undertaken to determine the effect of close proximity of humans to livestock on the human biting rates exhibited by various anophelines. the results indicate that proximity to cattle and to goats increases the subject's chances of being bitten by anophelines. man-biting by anopheles stephensi rose by 38% (8-68% ci) in the presence of a cow, and by 50% (16-84% ci) in the presence of two goats. other species exhibited similar trends. these findings explain the results of an earli ... | 1994 | 8025324 |
| further studies on the sporozoite transmission of the salvador i strain of plasmodium vivax. | different species of saimiri and aotus monkeys were inoculated with sporozoites of the salvador i strain of plasmodium vivax. of 58 saimiri inoculated, 45 developed parasitemia (4 following bites and 41 following intravenous inoculation). prepatent periods ranged from 10 to 63 days. twelve of 19 monkeys inoculated with sporozoites that had been stored frozen developed patent parasitemia after 16-53 days. of 41 aotus monkeys inoculated, only 10 (2 via bites and 8 via intravenous inoculation) deve ... | 1994 | 8064516 |
| filaria vector competence of some anopheles species. | the filaria vector competence of anopheles stephensi was compared with brugia-susceptible aedes aegypti liverpool strain, an. gambiae badagry lagos strain and an. dirus perlis malaysia strain. an. stephensi ingested more brugia pahangi microfilariae, had the highest infectivity rate and yielded more infective mosquitoes than the other two anopheline species. the overall vector competence of an. stephensi was 0.13 times that of ae. aegypti, 0.62 times that of an. gambiae and 2.17 times that of an ... | 1994 | 8066378 |
| efficacy of clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia on target and nontarget organisms. | clostridium bifermentans serovar malaysia (c.b.m.) is highly toxic to mosquito larvae. in this study, the following aquatic nontarget invertebrates were treated with high c.b.m. concentrations (up to 1,600-fold the toxic concentration for anopheles stephensi) to study their susceptibility towards the bacterial toxin: planorbis planorbis (pulmonata); asellus aquaticus (isopoda); daphnia pulex (cladocera); cloeon dipterum (ephemeroptera); plea leachi (heteroptera); and eristalis sp., chaoborus cry ... | 1994 | 7912261 |
| effects of para-aminobenzoic acid, insulin, and gentamicin on plasmodium falciparum development in anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato (s.l.) and an. stephensi liston were exposed as adults to para-aminobenzoic acid (paba), human insulin, or gentamicin sulfate, an antimicrobial solution, to determine their effects on plasmodium falciparum welch development to the oocyst stage. for both mosquito species, concentrations of paba from 0.001 to 0.05% had no effect on either oocyst infection rates or oocyst densities. at higher concentrations, paba-fed mosquitoes had decreased oocyst infection rates ... | 1994 | 7932602 |
| [plasmodium yoeli 265 by--new possibilities in the study of the resting stages of the malarial parasites]. | when swiss mice were experimentally infected with p. yoelii yoelii 264 by sporozoites through bites of the mosquito anopheles stephensi, there were no blood parasites in most (85%) animals after a short (on day 4-5) incubation period. the hepatic parenchymal cells from the animals without primary infection manifestation (following 2 months of the infection) or with the disease self-arrested (on day 26 of postinfection) were the first to display 5-11-microunits mononuclear parasites that are like ... | 1994 | 7935186 |
| [in vitro cultivation of the exoerythrocytic stage of plasmodium vivax (southern china isolate)]. | an in vitro culture system for the exoerythrocytic (ee) stage of plasmodium vivax was first developed in our laboratory in china. anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were infected by membrane feeding with heparinized blood from a volunteer. after 14-18 days, the mosquito salivary glands were aseptically dissected in culture medium and ground in a tissue grinder to form sporozoite suspension. sporozoites were counted and added to the cultures of monolayer hepatoma cells at the number of 4.9 x 10(4)-1. ... | 1994 | 7955169 |
| malaria control utilizing bacillus sphaericus against anopheles stephensi in panaji, goa. | in a large malaria endemic area in panaji city, goa, india, the weekly application of the biolarvicide bacillus sphaericus (strain 101, serotype h 5a 5b) at the rate of 1 g/m2 in the main anopheles stephensi larval habitats, viz., curing waters, masonry tanks, and sump tanks (under construction), from april to december 1993 resulted in a sharp decline in the habitat positivity (range 0.13-8.0%) as compared with the rest of the panaji (range 2.2-30.6%) where temephos (abate) was used as the larvi ... | 1994 | 7707060 |
| effect of pyrimethamine resistance on sporogony in a plasmodium berghei/anopheles stephensi model. | a pyrimethamine-resistant line of plasmodium berghei was derived by treating infected mice with high doses of pyrimethamine and selecting for recrudescence. this resistant line was compared with the parental pyrimethamine-sensitive line in order to ascertain whether drug resistance is associated with a biological advantage. overall, the pyrimethamine-resistant line is quite similar to the sensitive line, except that it proceeds through sporogonic development more slowly than the pyrimethamine-se ... | 1994 | 8119374 |
| studies on the immunogenicity of a recombinant ookinete surface antigen pbs21 from plasmodium berghei expressed in escherichia coli. | plasmodium berghei ookinete surface antigen (pbs21), was produced as a fusion product with maltose binding protein (mbp) in escherichia coli and used to induce transmission-blocking immunity in mice. specificity of induced antibody was confirmed by western blotting with native ookinete pbs21, and by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test on ookinete bloodfilms. immunized mice were infected with p. berghei and transmission to anopheles stephensi mosquitoes determined by both the intensity a ... | 1994 | 8152832 |
| effect of the developmental stage at infection on the ability of adult anopheles stephensi to transmit rift valley fever virus. | the ability of adult anopheles stephensi to transmit rift valley fever virus was determined for mosquitoes inoculated at selected times during development. none of 109 female an. stephensi inoculated as adults transmitted virus to hamsters. in contrast, 83% (50 of 60) of those inoculated as larvae transmitted virus by bite to hamsters. transmission rates decreased as the stage of the mosquito at the time of inoculation changed from larva to pupa to adult. transmission rates for adult mosquitoes ... | 1994 | 8166351 |
| prevention of sporogony of plasmodium falciparum and p. berghei in anopheles stephensi mosquitoes by transmission-blocking antimalarials. | the sporontocidal activity of three 8-aminoquinolines, a 1,4-naphthoquinone, and three dihydroacridine-diones was determined against the anka clone of plasmodium berghei and both chloroquine-sensitive (nf54) and chloroquine-resistant (7g8) p. falciparum. anopheles stephensi mosquitoes previously fed on p. berghei--infected mice or p. falciparum--infected cultures were refed on uninfected mice treated previously with a given drug. sporontocidal activity was determined by assessing both oocyst and ... | 1994 | 8203716 |
| plasmodium berghei: serum-mediated inhibition of infectivity of infected mice to anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | the transmission of plasmodium berghei-infected mice to anopheles stephensi mosquitoes showed a peak number of oocysts early in the infection prior to the peak of gametocytaemia. this was followed by a precipitous decline on days 4 and 5 (see also dearsley et al., parasitology, 100, 359-368, 1990). by measuring percentage relative infectivity (using membrane feeds with viable gametocytes), we have shown that serum collected daily during the course of a blood-induced infection blocked infectivity ... | 1994 | 8299757 |
| two-site immunoradiometric assay (irma): detection, efficiency, and procedural modifications. | a 2-site immunoradiometric assay (irma) has been done using anopheles stephensi fed on plasmodium vivax blood through parafilm to ascertain at what time in the sporogonic cycle circumsporozoite (cs) antigen can be detected, and to detect cs antigen in mosquitoes squashed on filter paper (fp) and cellulose acetate membrane (cam). the cs antigen was detectable only in mature oocysts, a day prior to sporozoite liberation, and in salivary gland sporozoites. dissected sporozoites adsorbed on fp/cam a ... | 1994 | 8965070 |
| expression of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase during the development and aging of malaria vector anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (gpdh) expression during the complete development and aging of anopheles stephensi has been studied by electrophoretic and spectrophotometric techniques. single gene locus seems to govern the developmental expression of three isozymes numbered from gpdh-1 to gpdh-3 in order of decreasing mobility. gpdh-3 was present in all the stages of development. gpdh-1 disappeared during senescence. gpdh-2, the band of intermediate mobility, was adult specific. gpdh-1 has ... | 1993 | 8309277 |
| heterogeneity in patterns of malarial oocyst infections in the mosquito vector. | oocyst prevalence and intensity have been recorded in 349 laboratory infections of anopheles stephensi with plasmodium berghei. intensity and prevalence of infection are shown to be predictably related. the structure and heterogeneity in the infections has been analysed with the objective of describing the biological mechanisms by which the observed negative binomial oocyst distributions are generated. the analysis has revealed that the most likely processes lie within the population dynamic eve ... | 1993 | 8341579 |
| frequency of cross-fertilization in the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. | two clones of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum, denoted 3d7 and hb3, were grown in vitro under conditions permitting the development of gametocytes. the two clones differ in their allelic forms of two antigen genes msp1 and msp2. the alleles can be distinguished as size differences of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified fragments of repetitive regions of each gene. mosquitoes (anopheles stephensi) were fed on a mixture of these gametocytes. a total of 128 oocysts was isolat ... | 1993 | 8355994 |
| effects of ingested human anti-sporozoite sera on plasmodium falciparum sporogony in anopheles stephensi. | we investigated the effects of human anti-sporozoite antibodies on the sporogonic development of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles stephensi. equal volumes of washed human erythrocytes and human sera from 1) volunteers with protective immunity induced by immunization with irradiated p. falciparum sporozoites, 2) the same volunteers before immunization, or 3) kenyans exposed to natural sporozoite transmission, were fed to cohorts of p. falciparum-infected a. stephensi on either day 5, 8, or 11 a ... | 1993 | 8357079 |
| plasmodium falciparum: inhibition of sporogonic development in anopheles stephensi by gram-negative bacteria. | we investigated the effects of bacteria on plasmodium falciparum sporogonic development in anopheles stephensi. four gram-negative (escherichia coli h243, e. coli hb101, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and ewingella americana) and two gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis) bacterial strains were used in the study. tenfold dilutions of bacteria suspended in phosphate-buffered saline were mixed with an infectious meal of gametocyte-enriched cultures and fed to adult mosquitoe ... | 1993 | 8375488 |
| kinetics of expression of two major plasmodium berghei antigens in the mosquito vector, anopheles stephensi. | expression of a 21 kda determinant (pbs21), first detected on the surface of ookinetes, and of the circumsporozoite protein (csp) was studied by immunofluorescence and western blots during the developmental cycle of plasmodium berghei in the mosquito anopheles stephensi. the expression of pbs21 was predominantly localised on the ookinete surface one day after the infectious blood meal, and thereafter reactivity declined to a minimum on days 2 and 3, the time of onset of oocyst development. a gra ... | 1993 | 8401470 |
| resting sites of anopheles stephensi liston in calcutta. | 1993 | 8405593 | |
| insecticide susceptibility status of anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti in panaji, goa. | adult and larval insecticidal tests conducted in panaji, goa, revealed that adults of an. stephensi were resistant to ddt (4.0%), dieldrin (0.4%) and malathion (5.0%). the larvae of an. stephensi were also resistant to ddt (2.5 mg/l) and malathion (3.125 mg/l). cx. quinquefasciatus adults were resistant to ddt, dieldrin, malathion and fenitrothion (1.0%), and larvae were highly resistant to ddt but showed low resistance to malathion and fenitrothion (0.125 mg/i). adults of ae. aegypti were resis ... | 1993 | 8405597 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of spherix, a formulation of bacillus sphaericus (b-101), to control breeding of anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. | spherix, a powder formulation of bacillus sphaericus strain b-101, serotype h5a 5b, was evaluated against larvae of anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus in both the laboratory and field. in laboratory tests the formulation @ 0.1 g/sq m produced 100% mortality against larvae of both mosquito species at room temperature (28-32 degrees c). the larvicidal activity of spherix against an. stephensi @ 0.5 g/sq m persisted for over 12 weeks under laboratory conditions. field evaluation of sphe ... | 1993 | 8405598 |
| the role of reactive nitrogen intermediates in modulation of gametocyte infectivity of rodent malaria parasites. | direct feeding of anopheles stephensi mosquitoes on mice infected with plasmodium vinckei petteri showed that, during the periods of schizogony in the blood, the infectivity of gametocytes was markedly reduced. this could be prevented by prior injection of the l-arginine analogue, nw-nitro-l-arginine (nwnla) showing that the altered infectivity was due to reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni). similar effects on transmission of p. yoelii nigeriensis were demonstrated in vitro by membrane feeding ... | 1993 | 8433851 |
| plasmodium falciparum: stage-specific ribosomal rna as a potential target for monitoring parasite development in anopheles stephensi. | the transcriptional switch of plasmodium falciparum ribosomal rna a gene to the c gene was demonstrated during the developmental transition from the vertebrate blood stage to the invertebrate sporozoite stage. expression of the sporozoite specific c gene in infected mosquitoes was not detected until day 10 postinfectious blood meal, the time of mature oocyst formation on the midgut. as a potential target for monitoring malaria parasite development in mosquitoes, oligonucleotide probes based on s ... | 1993 | 8467898 |
| experimental infection of anopheles gambiae s.s., anopheles freeborni and anopheles stephensi with plasmodium malariae and plasmodium brasilianum. | susceptibility to infection of 2 strains of anopheles gambiae s.s., an. freeborni and an. stephensi, was determined for 2 closely related malaria parasites, plasmodium malariae and p. brasilianum. neither strain of an. gambiae supported development of oocyst densities as great as the other 2 anopheline mosquitoes. the zan strain of an. gambiae s.s. from zanzibar was more susceptible to infection with the strain of p. malariae from uganda than the g-3 strain of an. gambiae s.s. from the gambia. a ... | 1993 | 8468576 |
| the effect of transmission-blocking antibody ingested in primary and secondary bloodfeeds, upon the development of plasmodium berghei in the mosquito vector. | the effects of purified monoclonal immunoglobulins from control, or transmission-blocking anti-pbs21 antibodies, upon the infection of anopheles stephensi by ookinetes of plasmodium berghei are compared. anti-pbs21 antibody reduced mean intensity and prevalence of infection by 94.7 and 58.7% respectively if added to the infectious bloodfeed at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. fab fragments were of similar efficacy. no transmission enhancement was detected with declining antibody concentrati ... | 1993 | 8233585 |
| cuticular hydrocarbon discrimination/variation among strains of the mosquito, anopheles (cellia) stephensi liston. | cuticular lipids were removed from adult female anopheles stephensi liston and the hydrocarbons present were separated and quantified by gas chromatography. comparison was made between the hydrocarbons of four an. stephensi strains: russ, sensitive to ddt and malathion and originally isolated in the former u.s.s.r.; beech, a ddt-resistant indian strain with high sensitivity to plasmodium species; st mal, a strain from pakistan shown to be resistant to malathion; and iraq, a ddt-susceptible strai ... | 1993 | 8257238 |
| evaluation of organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides against six vector mosquitoe species. | three organophosphorus compounds- malathion, folithion and temephos- and two synthetic pyrethroids- alphamethrin and deltamethrin- were used for monitoring the susceptibility status of larvae and adults of six vector mosquito species: culex quinquefasciatus (filariasis) and aedes albopictus (dengue) (both laboratory and field strains); laboratory strains of aedes aegypti (dengue), anopheles stephensi and anopheles culicifacies (malaria), and culex tritaeniorhynchus (japanese encephalitis) in ind ... | 1993 | 7997809 |
| patterns of erythrocyte digestion by bloodsucking insects: constraints on vector competence. | two general patterns of erythrocyte digestion were observed in representative species from four insect orders. ingested erythrocytes were hemolyzed rapidly, and blood meals remained liquefied within body lice, pediculus humanus l. and the fleas ctenocephalides felis (bouché) and xenopyslla cheopis (rothschild). peritrophic membrane was absent. in contrast, there was a lag time of 6-18 h before substantial degradation of erythrocytes within the blood meals of bed bugs, cimex lectularius l.; the s ... | 1993 | 8094460 |
| effect of temperature on toxicity of two bioinsecticides spherix (bacillus sphaericus) and bactoculicide (bacillus thuringiensis) against larvae of four vector mosquitoes. | two bioinsecticide preparations, viz. spherix (bacillus sphaericus) and bactoculicide (bacillus thuringiensis h-14), were tested in the laboratory against larvae of anopheles culicifacies, anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti at different temperatures. the lcs50 of spherix against iii instar larvae of these species at 27 +/- 2 degrees c were 2.0, 0.19, 0.05 and > 40 mg/litre, respectively and those of bactoculicide were 0.32, 0.16, 0.06 and 0.03 mg/litre, respectively. t ... | 1993 | 8100540 |
| role of the cryivd polypeptide in the overall toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the gene encoding the cryivd protein of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals was disrupted by in vivo recombination. the toxicity of the cryivd protein-free inclusions was similar to that of the wild-type crystals on anopheles stephensi larvae but was half the wild-type toxicity on culex pipiens and aedes aegypti larvae. | 1993 | 8285695 |
| expression of cryiva and cryivb genes, independently or in combination, in a crystal-negative strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the cryiva and cryivb genes, encoding the 125- and 135-kda proteins, respectively, of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, were cloned either alone or together into a shuttle vector and expressed in a nontoxic strain of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. the cryivb protein was produced at a high level during sporulation and accumulated as inclusions; in contrast, the cryiva polypeptide did not form such structures unless it was cloned on a higher-copy-number plasmid. transcriptional fusi ... | 1993 | 16349095 |
| larvicidal and chemosterilant activity of annona squamosa alkaloids against anopheles stephensi. | alkaloids isolated from annona squamosa have shown larvicidal growth-regulating and chemosterilant activities against anopheles stephensi at concentrations of 50 to 200 ppm. adults exposed as larvae to different treatments showed reduced fecundity and fertility in females. mortality in the larvae, pupae and adults produced about a 52-92% decrease in the laboratory experiment. the total developmental period was slightly reduced from the control. treatment with the alkaloids had a significant effe ... | 1993 | 8468579 |
| inheritance and linkage of malic enzyme in anopheles stephensi. | genetics and linkage analysis of malic enzyme (me) have been worked out in anopheles stephensi. genetic analysis revealed the 2 variants to be codominant alleles at a locus me, which is sex-linked. linkage studies with another x-linked mutant red-eye (r), indicated that the map distance between 2 loci was 44.60 +/- 1.07. | 1993 | 8245941 |
| atpase activity in the midgut of the mosquito, anopheles stephensi: biochemical characterisation of ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive activities. | na+/k(+)-atpase activity was demonstrated in the midgut of anopheles stephensi. more than 80% of the total atpase activity was sensitive to inhibition by ouabain with an ic50 of 4.5 x 10(-7) +/- 0.3 x 10(-7) mol l-1 and with maximal inhibition occurring at 10(-4) mol l-1. this ouabain-sensitive na+/k(+)-atpase was maximally activated at a mg2+:atp ratio of 1:1.3, with a km of 0.3 mmol l-1 and a vmax of 2.4 mumol pi mg-1 protein min-1 for atp. maximal activation was reached at 15 mmol l-1 k+ with ... | 1993 | 8382729 |
| assignment of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase to chromosome 3 of anopheles stephensi. | genetics and linkage analysis of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-pgd) and malate dehydrogenase (mdh) have been investigated in anopheles stephensi. both these markers were found to be autosomal and linked and have been assigned to linkage group iii. two mutant markers, black larva (bl) and golden-yellow larva (gy), were used to establish the map distances, and the current sequence of loci on chromosome 3 is as follows: bl (3.75)-gy (14.53)-mdh-2 (49.83)-6-pgd. | 1992 | 1445190 |
| selection of permethrin resistance in the malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | the laboratory strain of anopheles stephensi, a well-known urban malaria vector, was selected with permethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid at ld90 level up to five generations. the selection resulted in the development of resistance in f5 generation to the tune of 13-fold to permethrin and cross-resistance to the tune of 7-fold to cypermethrin, 9-fold to alphamethrin, and 10-fold to deltamethrin. the development of cross-resistance to 4% ddt was also noticed. the susceptibility status against 5% mala ... | 1992 | 1286731 |
| chromosomal translocations and inherited semisterility in the malaria vector anopheles stephensi liston. | anopheles stephensi males were irradiated with 3500 rads of gamma rays at the rate of 140 rads/min to induce chromosomal aberrations. seven reciprocal translocations were isolated, including four sex-linked and three autosomal. the presence of translocations were confirmed by cytological analysis. | 1992 | 1344173 |
| evaluation of emd vaporizers and bioallethrin vaporizing mats against mosquito vectors. | different electric-mat-device (emd) vaporizers and bioallethrin impregnated mats were evaluated for the knockdown and mortality in the adults of culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. percentage knockdown of 80-100 was recorded throughout the test period of 11 hours. however, the percentage mortality observed was not appreciable in all types of emd vaporizers. device "a" was found to be effective only against ae. aegypti. devices "c" and "d" showed moderate effects agains ... | 1992 | 1488702 |
| comparative efficacy of aphid extracts and some juvenoids against the development of mosquitoes. | comparative efficacy of natural juvenile hormones extracted from aphis craccivora and a. gosypii and 5 juvenoids, i.e., methoprene, neporex, oms 3007, oms 3019 and dpe-28 on the development of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus have been evaluated. oms 3007, oms 3019, dpe-28 and neporex show species specific related activities, while methoprene and aphid extracts do not show such activity against these mosquito species. treatment of mosquito eggs with an ec50 dose of t ... | 1992 | 1402861 |
| cannibalism and carnivory in toxorhynchites splendens (diptera: culicidae). | laboratory reared larvae of toxorhynchites splendens, which were previously starved for 24 hours, cannibalized eggs of their own kind or preyed upon the eggs of other species (aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi) present on the surface of water in small containers. second and third instars consumed eggs faster than first and fourth instars. the first instar consumed larvae of its own kind faster than the other instars, in the absence of other prey. however, when prey larvae were provided, ther ... | 1992 | 1362626 |
| breeding habits of anopheles stephensi liston in an area of calcutta. | 1992 | 1286735 | |
| note on urban malaria vector anopheles stephensi (liston) in cochin. | 1992 | 1291346 | |
| studies on the infectivity of gametocytes of plasmodium berghei (nk 65) in anopheles stephensi. | the infectivity of gametocytes of plasmodium berghei (nk 65) has been studied in laboratory bred anopheles stephensi. mosquitoes were fed daily on infected male and female mastomys natalensis and subsequent development of the oocysts was monitored in the midguts. maximum number of oocysts were found in mosquitoes which were fed on infected female mastomys on d8 and in male mastomys on d7 post-inoculation. during the next peak of gametocytaemia, very few oocysts developed. these findings suggest ... | 1992 | 1296945 |
| study on the physico-chemical characteristics of breeding grounds in relation to the population density of anopheles stephensi. | the present study which was based on the quarterly sampling and estimation of various physico-chemical factors throw light on the three significant points with regard to the population build up of anopheles stephensi. slightly alkaline ph is essential for higher population density, lower the salinity, higher the population density and higher amount of free ammonia in the water is accounted for the higher population density of a. stephensi. | 1992 | 1344168 |
| susceptibility status of anopheles stephensi liston to insecticides. | 1992 | 1344950 | |
| plasmodium falciparum: in vitro characterization and human infectivity of a cloned line. | the culture-adapted nf54 isolate of plasmodium falciparum was subjected in vitro to three sequential limiting dilution titrations and the resulting clone was given the designation cvd1. dna sequence analysis of the gene encoding the circumsporozoite (cs) protein revealed differences between cvd1 and the published nf54 cs gene. cvd1 had 1191 bp, 397 amino acids, and 42 repeat units while nf54 had 1218 bp, 405 amino acids, and 44 repeat units. the cvd1 clone was more sensitive to chloroquine than ... | 1992 | 1346766 |
| a new serotype of bacillus thuringiensis from colombia toxic to mosquito larvae. | during a survey conducted in colombia a new isolate of bacillus thuringiensis that showed toxicity toward culex quinquefasciatus, cx. pipiens, aedes aegypti, and anopheles stephensi larvae was isolated. parasporal crystals were spherical in shape and showed a great degree of similarity with those produced by the reference strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. supernatant fraction of the whole culture was not toxic, and heat-stable exotoxin production was negative. catalase, urease ... | 1992 | 1347310 |
| a scanning electron microscopic study of the sporogonic development of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles stephensi. | the full development of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles stephensi mosquitoes was studied by scanning electron microscopy. ookinetic development was described from in vitro cultures. growing oocysts beneath the basal lamina of the midgut wall mechanically stretch this lamina until it is torn and displaced by day 7. in young oocysts the wall appears smooth. in older oocysts wrinkles in the wall are visible after routine fixation. osmium tetroxide postfixation greatly reduced the occurrence of t ... | 1992 | 1348599 |
| characterization and toxicity to mosquito larvae of four bacillus sphaericus strains isolated from brazilian soils. | four bacillus sphaericus strains, s1, s2, s5, and l2, isolated from brazilian soils, were found to be toxic to larvae of the mosquitoes culex pipiens and anopheles stephensi at a level similar to that of strain 2362 which is now used operationally. like strain 2362, the four strains belonged to the serotype h5 and produced major proteins of apparent molecular weights of 125, 110, 56, and 43 kda. these latter two proteins were immunologically related to toxins of the same molecular weight as b. s ... | 1992 | 1352318 |
| host range of clostridium bifermentans serovar. malaysia, a mosquitocidal anaerobic bacterium. | clostridium bifermentans serovar. malaysia (c.b.m.) is toxic to mosquito larvae. in this study, we quantified its toxicity to the mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, ae. caspius, ae. detritus, anopheles stephensi, an. gambiae, culex pipiens and cx. quinquefasciatus. anopheles larvae are the most susceptible, followed by ae. detritus and ae. caspius, then culex and other aedes larvae. according to mosquito species, the lc50 varies from 7 x 10(3) to 1.3 x 10(6) cells/ml. three concentration ... | 1992 | 1357087 |
| [study on free amino acids and protein in hemolymph of anopheles stephensi]. | the changes in the contents of free amino acids in hemolymph of anopheles stephensi were determined by automatic amino acid analyzer. the changes in hemolymph protein were determined by ultraviolet absorption method. free amino acids in hemolymph of infected mosquitoes were compared with those in noninfected mosquitoes. at 4 days after blood meal, 6 kinds of amino acids decreased markedly, and 5 kinds of amino acids increased markedly; at 7 days after blood meal, 4 kinds of amino decreased marke ... | 1992 | 1394898 |
| plasmodium falciparum: effect of chloroquine, halofantrine and pyrimethamine on the infectivity of gametocytes for anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | the activity of chloroquine, halofantrine and pyrimethamine against the gametocytes and sporogonic stages of plasmodium falciparum (strain nf54) was tested. five-day-old gametocytes (stages i and ii) from in vitro cultures were exposed to the drugs for 48 hours. the effect of the drugs on gametocyte development was assessed by counting gametocytes on days nine and 15 of culture and determining the infectivity of the drug-treated gametocytes to mosquitoes. gametocytogenesis was partially inhibite ... | 1992 | 1417200 |
| transmission blocking antibody of the plasmodium falciparum zygote/ookinete surface protein pfs25 also influences sporozoite development. | the plasmodium falciparum zygote/ookinete surface protein, pfs25, persists in the oocyst wall throughout its development. anti-25 kd transmission blocking antibody, given to infected anopheles stephensi or a. gambiae mosquitoes in an additional bloodmeal, 3-6 days after being fed gametocyte infected blood, penetrated the oocyst and reacted with the 25 kd protein within it. this reaction caused a significant reduction in the number of developing sporozoites. mouse serum containing antibodies rais ... | 1992 | 1437237 |
| plasmodium falciparum and p. berghei: detection of sporozoites and the circumsporozoite proteins in the saliva of anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | sporozoites and free circumsporozoite (cs) protein were stained immunoenzymatically in 1-min saliva samples collected from anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected with either plasmodium berghei or p. falciparum. the number of sporozoites in 1-min saliva-streak samples significantly increased as the salivary gland index rose from 3+ to 4+. for p. berghei-infected mosquitoes from which saliva had been collected before 30 days postfeed, the median sporozoite counts for 3+ and 4+ gland indexes were ... | 1992 | 1438147 |
| trials to infect anopheles stephensi with plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis by the membrane feeding technique. | the aim of this study was to find optimal conditions for the membrane feeding technique to obtain maximum infection rates of mosquitoes with plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis. the results show that the malaria parasite plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis is most infective to anopheles stephensi mosquitoes on day 3 of the infection in the mice, 1 day before the peak of parasitaemia. the mortality rate of the mosquitoes fed on mice on day 3 after infection was the highest as compared to mosquitoes fed on ot ... | 1992 | 1456466 |
| breeding habitats and their contribution to anopheles stephensi in panaji. | a one-year longitudinal study conducted in 9 categories of breeding habitats in panaji, goa, showed that 1.1% of the 67,360 breeding sites contained anopheles stephensi immatures and the overall positivity varied from 0.4 to 3.5% with a peak in june. the habitat-wise proportion of an. stephensi was: wells, 0-1.3%; fountains, 1.4-11.4%; masonry tanks, 0.8-6.1%; overhead tanks, 0.1-4.0%; curing water in construction sites, 0.6-9.0%; groundwater tanks, 0-1.4%; tyres, 0-8.9%; barrels and tins, 0-5.4 ... | 1992 | 1459298 |
| gametocytocidal and sporontocidal activity of antimalarials against plasmodium berghei anka in icr mice and anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | the gametocytocidal and sporontocidal activity of three 8-aminoquinolines (primaquine, wr-238605, and wr-242511), three dihydroacridine-diones (floxacrine, wr-250547, and wr-250548), a 1,4-naphthoquinone (menoctone), a synthetic aminoalcohol (halofantrine), and a guanide (wr-182393) was determined against a cloned line of plasmodium berghei anka. gametocytocidal activity was assessed by treating mice with a single intraperitoneal inoculation of a given compound (25 mg base drug/kg mouse body wei ... | 1992 | 1539752 |
| blood vessel location time by anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | probing behavior of anopheles stephensi liston is characterized by the following: the first probe is longer than subsequent ones, the probability of blood location rises initially and then falls, and blood vessel location is deterministic. the overall probing behavior of an. stephensi, therefore, is similar to that of aedes aegypti (l.); i.e., differences between them were quantitative and may be accounted for by different levels of salivary apyrase and different experimental vertebrate hosts. | 1992 | 1552520 |
| the effect of nosematosis on the development of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles stephensi. | to quantify the effect of nosema algerae (microsporidia, nosematidae) on the development of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles stephensi (diptera, culicidae), we carried out infection experiments under standardized laboratory conditions. apart from a mean reduction of 69% in oocyst development, smaller numbers of oocysts and fewer sporozoites were found in the nosema-infected mosquitoes. in addition, nosematosis resulted in higher mortality. the potential role of nosema algerae as a biological c ... | 1992 | 1557330 |
| immunoenzymatic labeling of multiple plasmodial salivary gland sporozoites in a single test. | a direct, double- and triple-staining immunoenzymatic method detected and differentiated sporozoites by color in anopheles stephensi salivary glands and in mixed sporozoite slide preparations. a double-staining method used beta-galactosidase- and alkaline phosphatase-labeled monoclonal antibodies to the circumsporozoite (cs) proteins of plasmodium berghei and p. falciparum in mosquito salivary glands. the cs proteins were distinguished clearly by the blue-green and red substrate products of beta ... | 1992 | 1558271 |
| defined medium supporting development of cleansed plasmodium berghei ookinetes in anopheles stephensi. | hamsters blood infected with plasmodium berghei was cultured in vitro for the development of ookinetes. the ookinetes were separated from blood components, suspended in various defined media and fed to anopheles stephensi through a membrane. the development of the oocysts and infective sporozoites was recorded. mosquitoes infected with ookinetes suspended in l15 formulated into l15-b, l15-d (a medium specially modified for this purpose), ipl-41 or 199 media with no proteins added, developed at l ... | 1992 | 1563917 |
| the effects of nosema algerae on the development of plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in anopheles stephensi. | experimental simultaneous infections of anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) with nosema algerae (microsporida: nosematidae) and plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis under standardized laboratory conditions showed partial suppression of the malaria parasite. at 9 days after an infective bloodmeal, the oocysts in the midgut were counted; 12.1%-66.6% of the double-infected mosquitoes exhibited no oocysts, whereas only 4.5%-12% of the control group showed no oocysts. the mean reduction in oocyst numbe ... | 1992 | 1584748 |
| the role of the mosquito peritrophic membrane in bloodmeal digestion and infectivity of plasmodium species. | secretion and luminal formation of the peritrophic membrane (pm) were induced in female anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti by feeding the mosquitoes on a warmed suspension of latex particles in ringer's solution. the pm in a. stephensi was produced from apical secretion vesicles stored in the midgut epithelial cells and secreted into the lumen during feeding. in a. aegypti, the pm was formed de novo. when the latex feeding was followed 24 hr later by a meal of lyophilized pig blood, the 2 mos ... | 1992 | 1597785 |
| development of a polymorphic strain of plasmodium vivax in monkeys. | a strain of plasmodium vivax from thailand with a polymorphic repeat unit of the circumsporozoite protein was established in saimiri sciureus boliviensis and 3 species of aotus monkeys. all 11 attempts to transmit infection via sporozoite inoculation, 4 times to splenectomized s. sciureus boliviensis, 2 times to splenectomized aotus nancymai, and 5 times to intact saimiri monkeys, were successful. anopheles freeborni, anopheles stephensi, anopheles dirus, and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were in ... | 1992 | 1597793 |
| probing behaviour and sporozoite delivery by anopheles stephensi infected with plasmodium berghei. | we observed that plasmodium berghei sporozoite-infected anopheles stephensi was not impaired in its ability to locate blood on a host. when probing rats, infected mosquitoes took as long as non-infected mosquitoes to locate blood. contrary to previous suggestions, infective mosquitoes delivered sporozoites into mineral oil even after extensively probing a vertebrate host. we observed that, in mosquitoes having probed a host, both the mean number of sporozoites ejected over 3 min into oil (35.9 v ... | 1992 | 1600229 |
| y-chromosome dimorphism in the malaria vector anopheles stephensi from south india. | 1992 | 1600233 |