Publications

dna methyltransferase 1 and dna methylation patterning contribute to germinal center b-cell differentiation.	the phenotype of germinal center (gc) b-cells includes the unique ability to tolerate rapid proliferation and the mutagenic actions of activation induced cytosine deaminase (aicda). given the importance of epigenetic patterning in determining cellular phenotypes, we examined dna methylation and the role of dna methyltransferases in the formation of gcs. dna methylation profiling revealed a marked shift in dna methylation patterning in gc b-cells versus resting/na+»ve b-cells. this shift included ...	2011	21828137
neonatal exposure to bisphenol a or diethylstilbestrol alters the ovarian follicular dynamics in the lamb.	we hypothesized that neonatal xenoestrogen exposure affects the ovarian follicular dynamics in lambs. female lambs were exposed from postnatal day (pnd) 1-14 to low doses of diethylstilbestrol (des) or bisphenol a (bpa). at pnd 30, the follicular dynamics and ovarian biomarkers (er+¦, er+¦, ar, ki67, p27) were evaluated. lambs exposed to des or bpa showed a decline in the stock of primordial follicles with stimulation of follicular development. bpa reduced ovarian weight and increased the number ...	2011	21722727
ultrasonographic assessment of growth and estimation of-ábirthweight in late gestation fetal sheep.	our aim was to identify which ultrasound parameters can be most accurately measured and best predict ovine fetal weight in late gestation. singleton pregnancies were established using embryo transfer in 32 adolescent ewes, which were subsequently overnourished to produce fetuses of variable size (1720-6260 g). ultrasound measurements at 126-133 days gestation were compared with fetal weight/biometry at late-gestation necropsy (n-á= 19) or term delivery (n-á= 13). abdominal circumference (ac) and ...	2011	21821347
high versus low implant insertion torque: a histologic, histomorphometric, and biomechanical study in the sheep mandible.	purpose: the purpose of this study was to analyze, in an animal model, the histologic and biomechanical phenomena at the bone-implant interface of implants inserted with high torque (ht) as compared to low torque (lt) during the first 6 weeks of healing. materials and methods: forty tapered-screw-form implants were placed in five hybrid sheep. the implant sites were placed in the mandible, using an extraoral approach; four were placed with ht (test: mean 110 ncm) on one side and four were placed ...	2011	21841994
a sheep in wolves' clothing? dental radiation exposure and thyroid cancer.		2011	21675657
developmental changes in hypothalamic kiss1 expression during activation of the pulsatile release of luteinising hormone in maturing ewe lambs.	onset of puberty is characterised by a marked increase in the frequency of release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) and luteinising hormone (lh). the kiss1 gene plays a critical role in pubertal development, and its product, kisspeptin, stimulates gnrh and lh release. in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that kiss1 gene expression in the preoptic area (poa) and hypothalamus increases during maturation of the reproductive neuroendocrine axis in association with increased lh pul ...	2011	21679258
determination of mrl regulated corticosteroids in liver from various species using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (uhplc).	dexamethasone, betamethasone, prednisolone and methylprednisolone are corticosteroids widely used in animal husbandry. these compounds are licensed for therapy in veterinary practices while their use for growth promoting practices, mainly in combination with other growth promoters, is prohibited within the european union. in order to protect the consumer, maximum residue limits (mrls) have been set by the european community in liver to 2.0 ++g kg(-1) (dexamethasone and betamethasone) and 10.0 ++ ...	2011	21742126
crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from humans, livestock, and picnic sites in the hyperendemic region of turkey.	abstract during june and july 2007, about 3125 adult ticks were collected from humans, animals, and vegetation in a hyperendemic region (sivas and tokat) of turkey. a total of 2193 ticks were pooled in 225 pools and screened for the crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) presence by antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. infection rates were calculated as the maximum likelihood estimation with 95% confidence intervals (ci). the dominant tick species was found to be hyalomma ma ...	2011	21736490
infection of non-host species dendritic cells in vitro with an attenuated myxoma virus induces gene expression predicting efficacy as a vaccine vector.	recombinant myxoma virus (myxv) can be produced without a loss of infectivity and their highly-specific host range makes them ideal candidates as vaccine vectors, although careful examination of their interactions with the immune system is necessary. similar to rabbit bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, ovine dendritic cells (dcs) can be infected by sg33, a myxv vaccine strain, and support recombinant antigen expression. the frequency of infected cells in the non-host was lower and the virus cy ...	2011	21835800
animal models for translational research on shoulder pathologies: from bench to bedside.	several animal models have been used for in vivo and in vitro shoulder research. in vitro models, consisting of cadaveric specimens, are useful in providing basic understanding of the functioning of the shoulder and for biomechanical experiments. in vivo models provide the means to model living phenomena, such as tendon healing process, tendinopathy, instability, and adaptive responses to surgery. however, intrinsic differences among different species make translation to human shoulder pathologi ...	2011	21822100
populations of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen of sheep and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions.	the objective of this study was to assess the importance of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen by quantifying their populations and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions. full-length 16s rrna gene (rrs) sequences were recovered from rumen samples using specific primers designed from partial sequences recovered previously. five uncultured bacterial operational taxonomic units (otus) were quantified using specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) in fractionated ruminal samples from s ...	2011	21822435
acinetobacter sp. hm746599 isolated from leatherback turtle blood.	a newly described bacterial isolate, acinetobacter sp. hm746599, has been obtained from leatherback sea turtle hatchling blood. the implication is that the hatchling was infected during development in the egg, which is substantiated by other studies to be reported by us in the future. the 16s rrna gene sequence of the bacterium (genbank accession number: hm746599) showed the greatest similarity to the identified species, acinetobacter beijerinckii (97.6-99.78%) and acinetobacter venetianus (99.7 ...	2011	21707734
simulating the grazing of a white clover 3-d virtual sward canopy and the balance between bite mass and light capture by the residual sward.	background and aims the productivity and stability of grazed grassland rely on dynamic interactions between the sward and the animal. the descriptions of the sward canopies by standard 2-d representations in studies of animal-sward interactions at the bite scale need to be improved to account for the effect of local canopy heterogeneity on bite size and regrowth ability. the aim of this study was to assess a methodology of 3-d digitized canopies in order to understand the balance between bite ma ...	2011	21821625
immunohistological study of wound healing after submucosal radiofrequency tissue ablation of inferior nasal turbinate in a sheep model.	data on the molecular processes involved in nasal mucosa wound healing after radiofrequency tissue ablation (rta) of the inferior nasal turbinate (int) are missing. this study was designed to examine tissue expression of fibronectin, collagen iii, cd68, and matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) 9 in the int (ventral) after rta in sheep.	2011	21679519
transgenic mammalian species, generated by somatic cell cloning, in biomedicine, biopharmaceutical industry and human nutrition/dietetics--recent achievements.	somatic cell cloning technology in mammals promotes the multiplication of productively-valuable genetically engineered individuals, and consequently allows also for standardization of transgenic farm animal-derived products, which, in the context of market requirements, will have growing significance. gene farming is one of the most promising areas in modern biotechnology. the use of live bioreactors for the expression of human genes in the lactating mammary gland of transgenic animals seems to ...	2011	21721422
rapid diagnostic test for identifying group b streptococcus.	neonatal infection with streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) causes significant morbidity and mortality. a truly rapid diagnostic test for identifying gbs would allow for more timely initiation of antibiotic prophylaxis and also reduce the administration of antibiotics for the prevention of early onset neonatal gbs infection. a stock culture was formed from a laboratory reference strain of gbs and was diluted from 10 (7) to 10 (1) bacteria/ml. specific concentrations were used ...	2011	21818731
glutamate-gated chloride channels of haemonchus contortus restore drug sensitivity to ivermectin resistant caenorhabditis elegans.	anthelmintic resistance is a major problem in livestock farming, especially of small ruminants, but our understanding of it has been limited by the difficulty in carrying out functional genetic studies on parasitic nematodes. an important nematode infecting sheep and goats is haemonchus contortus; in many parts of the world this species is resistant to almost all the currently available drugs, including ivermectin. it is extremely polymorphic and to date it has proved impossible to relate any se ...	2011	21818319
polymorphisms of kiss-1 and gpr54 genes and their relationships with litter size in sheep.	the kiss-1 and gpr54 genes were studied as candidate genes for the prolificacy in sheep. four pairs of primers were designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon 1 of kiss-1 gene and exon 1, exon 2 and partial exon 5 of gpr54 gene in high fecundity breeds (small tail han and hu sheep) and low fecundity breeds (dorset, texel and corriedale sheep) by pcr-sscp. polymorphisms in exon 1 of kiss-1 gene were detected in prolific small tail han sheep (aa, ab and bb genotypes) and hu sheep ( ...	2011	21698365
histological and transcriptome-wide level characteristics of fetal myofiber hyperplasia during the second half of gestation in texel and ujumqin sheep.	whether myofibers increase with a pulsed-wave mode at particular developmental stages or whether they augment evenly across developmental stages in large mammals is unclear. additionally, the molecular mechanisms of myostatin in myofiber hyperplasia at the fetal stage in sheep remain unknown. using the first specialized transcriptome-wide sheep oligo dna microarray and histological methods, we investigated the gene expression profile and histological characteristics of developing fetal ovine lon ...	2011	21838923
spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks in cyprus.	in two surveys conducted from march 1999 to march 2001 and from january 2004 to december 2006, a total of 3,950 ticks (belonging to ten different species) were collected from seven domestic and wild animals (goat, sheep, cattle, dog, fox, hare, and mouflon) from different localities throughout cyprus. in order to establish their infection rate with spotted fever rickettsiae (sfg), ticks were pooled and tested by polymerase chain reaction targeting glta and ompa genes, followed by sequencing anal ...	2011	21833539
prevalence of coxiella burnetii in ticks after a large outbreak of q fever.	q fever has emerged as an important human and veterinary public health problem in the netherlands with major outbreaks in three consecutive years. goat farms are probably the prime source from which coxiella burnetii have spread throughout the environment, infecting people living in the vicinity. coxiella burnetii infection not only spilled over from animal husbandry to humans but could also have spread to neighbouring wildlife and pets forming novel reservoirs and consequently posing another an ...	2011	21824373
[q fever in petting zoos].		2011	21702192
acute and chronic stress-like levels of cortisol inhibit the oestradiol stimulus to induce sexual receptivity but have no effect on sexual attractivity or proceptivity in female sheep.	stress-like levels of cortisol inhibit sexual receptivity in ewes but the mechanism of this action is not understood. one possibility is that cortisol interferes with the actions of oestradiol to induce sexual receptivity. we tested this hypothesis in 2 experiments with ovariectomised ewes that were artificially induced into oestrus by 12days of i.m. injections of progesterone followed by an i.m. injection of oestradiol benzoate (odb) 48h later. in experiment 1, ewes were randomly allocated to t ...	2011	21741382
efficacy of a combined oral formulation of derquantel-abamectin against the adult and larval stages of nematodes in sheep, including anthelmintic-resistant strains.	derquantel (dql), a semi-synthetic member of a novel anthelmintic class, the spiroindoles, in combination with abamectin (aba) [as the combination product startect(-«)] is a new entry for the treatment and control of parasites in sheep. the 19 studies reported herein were conducted in australia, new zealand, south africa and the united kingdom to demonstrate the efficacy of derquantel-abamectin (dql-aba) against a broad spectrum of gastrointestinal and respiratory nematodes of sheep, and to supp ...	2011	21684691
identification, analysis, and linkage mapping of expressed sequence tags from the australian sheep blowfly.	abstract: background: the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (wiedemann) (diptera: calliphoridae) is a destructive pest of the sheep, a model organism for insecticide resistance research, and a valuable tool for medical and forensic professionals. however, genomic information on l. cuprina is still sparse. results: we report here the construction of an embryonic and 2 larval cdna libraries for l. cuprina. a total of 29,816 expressed sequence tags (ests) were obtained and assembled into 7,4 ...	2011	21827708
physiological responses of australian merino wethers exposed to high heat load.	twelve 9-mo-old merino wethers (30.4 -¦ 3.2 kg bw) were used in a crossover study to investigate the heat tolerance of australian merino sheep by testing their physiological responses to repeated heat loads that occurred during summer months. wethers were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 wethers each, housed individually in an environmental chamber, and subjected to 2 d of thermoneutral conditions followed by either 7 d of thermoneutral (tnc; [maximum temperature, t(max) 24-¦c, minimum temper ...	2011	21841087
maturational changes and effects of chronic hypoxemia on electrocortical activity in the ovine fetus.	we have studied the maturation of electrocortical (ecog) activity in fetal sheep and the impact of chronic hypoxemia using a growth restriction model with placental embolizations. twenty chronically catheterized fetal sheep (control, n=9; hypoxemic, n=11) were monitored at 116-119, 121-126 and 128-134 days gestational age (term=145 days), with ecog activity scored using automated analysis of amplitude and frequency components to distinguish low-voltage/high frequency (lv/hf) and high-voltage/low ...	2011	21683944
spherical harmonics coefficients for ligand-based virtual screening of cyclooxygenase inhibitors.	molecular descriptors are essential for many applications in computational chemistry, such as ligand-based similarity searching. spherical harmonics have previously been suggested as comprehensive descriptors of molecular structure and properties. we investigate a spherical harmonics descriptor for shape-based virtual screening.	2011	21818259
polymer-mediated immunocamouflage of red blood cells: effects of polymer size on antigenic and immunogenic recognition of allogeneic donor blood cells.	developing a practical means of reducing alloimmunization in chronically transfused patients would be of significant clinical benefit. immunocamouflaging red blood cells (rbcs) by membrane grafting of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mpeg) may reduce the risk of allo-immunization. the results of this study showed that antibody recognition of non-abo antigens was significantly reduced in an mpeg-dose- and polymer size-dependent manner, with higher molecular weight mpegs providing better immunoprotec ...	2011	21701803
nasal myiasis by oestrus ovis second stage larva in an immunocompetent man: case report and literature review.	we report a case of an oestrus ovis larva which developed into the second larval stage within a healthy, immunocompetent human, and we review the relevant literature.	2011	21693078
mapping quantitative trait loci (qtl) in sheep. iv. analysis of lactation persistency and extended lactation traits in sheep.	abstract:	2011	21693024
livestock ectoparasites: integrated management in a changing climate.	the prevalence of livestock ectoparasites is the result of a complex interaction of factors such as parasite and host abundance, host susceptibility, climate and, critically, farmer husbandry and intervention strategies, all of which change seasonally in space and time. given the complexity of the interacting factors, the effects of any climate change on disease incidence are hard to predict, as accordingly are the optimal husbandry responses required to ameliorate any effects. here cutaneous my ...	2011	21680100
respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with an altered innate immunity and a heightened pro-inflammatory response in the lungs of preterm lambs.	abstract:	2011	21827668
naturally resident and exogenously applied t4-like and t5-like bacteriophages can reduce escherichia coli o157:h7 levels in sheep guts.	in preparing sheep for an in vivo escherichia coli o157:h7 eradication trial, we found that 20/39 members of a single flock were naturally colonized by o157:h7-infecting phages. characterization showed these were all one phage type (subsequently named cev2) infecting 15/16 o157:h7, 7/72 ecor and common lab strains. further characterization by pfge (genomeôê+120 kb), restriction enzyme digest (dna appears unmodified), receptor studies (fhua but not tonb is required for infection) and sequencing ( ...	2011	21687531
polychlorodibenzodioxin and -furan (pcdd and pcdf) and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyl (dl-pcb) congener levels in milk of grazing sheep as indicators of the environmental quality of rural areas.	an observational study was set up to evaluate how the quality of the environment may influence the levels of of pcdds, pcdfs, and dl-pcbs in sheep's milk. seven farms under natural and anthropogenic pressures were considered, along with an inventory of the surrounding regular and natural sources of emissions. analysis by hrgc-hrms revealed the highest cumulative levels (2.1 pg of who(1998)-te/g fat) in one organic and one conventional farm, each close to a relevant bushfire. their pattern was ch ...	2011	21699241
tetralogy of fallot in a three-month-old lamb: clinical, ultrasonographic and laboratory findings.		2011	21709045
analysis of nucleic acid chaperoning by the prion protein and its inhibition by oligonucleotides.	prion diseases are unique neurodegenerative illnesses associated with the conversion of the cellular prion protein (prp(c)) into the aggregated misfolded scrapie isoform, named prp(sc). recent studies on the physiological role of prp(c) revealed that this protein has probably multiple functions, notably in cell-cell adhesion and signal transduction, and in assisting nucleic acid folding. in fact, in vitro findings indicated that the human prp (huprp) possesses nucleic acid binding and annealing ...	2011	21737432
transcriptional profiling of peripheral lymphoid tissue reveals genes and networks linked to ssbp/1 scrapie pathology in sheep.	transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) are slow and progressive neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals. the major target organ for all tses is the brain but some tse agents are associated with prior accumulation within the peripheral lymphoid system. many studies have examined the effects of scrapie infection on the expression of central nervous system (cns) genes, but this study examines the progression of scrapie pathology in the peripheral lymphoid system and how scrapie i ...	2011	21684093
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, tryptophan catabolism, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a model for chronic mycobacterial infections.	virulent mycobacterial infections progress slowly, with a latent period that leads to clinical disease in a proportion of cases. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that causes paratuberculosis or johne's disease (jd), a chronic intestinal disease of ruminants. indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido), an enzyme that regulates tryptophan metabolism, was originally reported to have a role in intracellular pathogen killing and has since been shown to have an important ...	2011	21730087
differentiating pestes des petits ruminants and rinderpest viruses by a novel monoclonal antibody.	peste des petits ruminant (ppr) is an acute, febrile, viral disease of small ruminants with great economic importance. ppr and rinderpest (rp) viruses are antigenically related and need to be differentiated serologically. the use of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in elisa for specific diagnostics and separation of ppr and rpv is important. for this purpose, six balb/c mice were immunized with inactivated antigen from the nijeria strain. fusion cloning was performed 3 months later by directly using ...	2011	21707365
tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium caprae in sheep.	tuberculosis was diagnosed in three flocks of sheep in galicia, spain, in 2009 and 2010. two flocks were infected with mycobacterium bovis and one flock was infected with mycobacterium caprae. infection was confirmed by the comparative intradermal tuberculin test, bacteriology, molecular analysis and histopathology. sheep have the potential to act as a reservoir for tuberculosis.	2011	21703887
anthelmintic activity of cymbopogon martinii, cymbopogon schoenanthus and mentha piperita essential oils evaluated in four different in vitro tests.	anthelmintic resistance is a worldwide concern in small ruminant industry and new plant-derived compounds are being studied for their potential use against gastrointestinal nematodes. mentha piperita, cymbopogon martinii and cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oils were evaluated against developmental stages of trichostrongylids from sheep naturally infected (95% haemonchus contortus and 5% trichostrogylus spp.) through the egg hatch assay (eha), larval development assay (lda), larval feeding inhi ...	2011	21820807
evaluation of risks of foot-and-mouth disease in scotland to assist with decision making during the 2007 outbreak in the uk.	an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) occurred in surrey on august 3, 2007. a great britain-wide ban on livestock movements was implemented immediately. this coincided with the start of seasonal sheep movements off the hills in scotland; the majority of these animals are sold via markets. the ban therefore posed severe economic and animal-welfare hardships if it was to last through september and beyond. the scottish government commissioned an analysis to assess the risk of re-opening marke ...	2011	21730033
detection of benzimidazole carbamates and amino metabolites in liver by surface plasmon resonance-biosensor.	two surface plasmon resonance (spr) biosensor screening assays were developed and validated to detect 11 benzimidazole carbamate (bzt) and four amino-benzimidazole veterinary drug residues in liver tissue. the assays used polyclonal antibodies, raised in sheep, to detect bzts and amino-benzimidazoles. a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (quechers) extraction method was developed to isolate benzimidazole carbamate residues. liver samples were extracted using an acetonitrile ...	2011	21742115
expression of gap junctional connexin proteins in ovine fetal ovaries: effects of maternal diet.	gap junctions have been implicated in the regulation of cellular metabolism and the coordination of cellular functions during growth and differentiation of organs and tissues, and gap junctions play a major role in direct cell-cell communication. gap junctional channels and connexin (cx) proteins have been detected in adult ovaries in several species. furthermore, it has been shown that several environmental factors, including maternal diet, may affect fetal organ growth and function. to determi ...	2011	21820266
rsai repetitive dna in buffalo bubalus bubalis representing retrotransposons, conserved in bovids, are part of the functional genes.	abstract:	2011	21718551
an abattoir-based study on the prevalence of hydatidosis in livestock in mashhad, iran.	a 6-year (2004-2010) retrospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hydatidosis in livestock slaughtered in mashhad abattoir, mashhad, in north-eastern iran and the capital of khorasan province. between 20 march 2004 and 19 march 2010, 5,131,485 animals (411,163 cattle; 4,547,618 sheep; 172,704 goats) were slaughtered in the study area and 388,399 (7.5%) livers and 1,139,529 (22.2%) lungs were discarded. hydatidosis was responsible for 4% and 6.5% of total livers and lungs in ...	2011	21729380
visualizing the neutrophil response to sterile tissue injury in mouse dermis reveals a three-phase cascade of events.	neutrophil granulocytes traffic into sites of organ injury in which they may not only participate in tissue repair and pathogen clearance but may also contribute to collateral cell damage through the release of noxious mediators. the dynamics and mechanisms of neutrophil migration in the extravascular space toward loci of tissue damage are not well understood. here, we have used intravital multi-photon microscopy to dissect the behavior of neutrophils in response to tissue injury in the dermis o ...	2011	21697893
[determination of nequinate and buquinolate in livestock products using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].	we studied the simultaneous determination of nequinate and buquinolate, which are used as feed additives to prevent coccidiosis, by means of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). the sample was extracted with acetonitrile, then loaded onto an hlb mini-column with 20% methanol. after clean-up with 20% methanol, the analytes were eluted with acetonitrile-methanol (1 : 1). the coccidiostats in the purified samples were determined using esi-mrm mode lc-ms/ms with a ...	2011	21720123
transverse (t-) tubules are a common feature in large mammalian atrial myocytes including human.	transverse (t-) tubules are surface membrane invaginations which are present in all mammalian cardiac ventricular cells. the apposition of l-type ca(2+) channels on t-tubules with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) constitutes a "calcium release unit" and allows close coupling of excitation to the rise in systolic ca(2+). t-tubules are virtually absent in the atria of small mammals and therefore ca(2+) release from the sr occurs initially at the periphery of the cell and then propagates into the in ...	2011	21841013
an animal model for endoscopic endonasal surgery and dacryocystorhinostomy training: uses and limitations of the lamb's head.	structured training in endoscopic sinus surgery is essential, considering the serious potential complications. we have developed a detailed endoscopic endonasal surgery training programme, using a lamb's head model. this study aimed to assess the possibilities of using such a model for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy training.	2011	21693073
dose-dependent systemic exposure of albendazole metabolites in lambs.	alvarez, l., su+írez, g., ceballos, l., moreno, l., lanusse, c. dose-dependent systemic exposure of albendazole metabolites in lambs. j. vet. pharmacol. therap. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01326.x. the gastrointestinal absorption of most drugs follows a first-order kinetics, whereby a constant fraction of the total drug is absorbed in each equal time interval. although this related absorption principle is applicable to the most of the therapeutically used drugs, it remains unclear for poorly w ...	2011	21819410
fatty acid profile of hair lambs and their crossbreds slaughtered at different weights.	this study aims to investigate the effect of breed and slaughter weight on fatty the acid profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle in lambs. twenty-four santa in+¬s (si), 24.5 ile de franceôçë+ùôçë0.5 santa in+¬s (ile +ù si) and 12.5 texelôçë+ùôçë0.5 santa in+¬s (te +ù si), slaughtered at different weights (30, 35, 40, and 45-ákg), were evaluated. the animals were reared with creep feeding to weaning and were feedlot finished, receiving a diet composed of 30% hay and 70% concentrate. the analyses ...	2011	21732068
lethal genetic disorder in poll merino/merino sheep in australia.	characterise a lethal genetic disorder in poll merino/merino sheep	2011	21696373
rapamycin-based inducible translocation systems for studying phagocytosis.	phagocytosis is an immune receptor-mediated process whereby cells engulf large particles. the process is dynamic and requires several localized factors acting in concert with and sequentially after the engagement of immune receptors to envelope the particle. once the particle is internalized, the nascent -phagosome undergoes a series of events leading to its maturation to the microbicidal phagolysosome. investigating these dynamic and temporally controlled series of events in live cells requires ...	2011	21701975
thermogenesis, blood metabolites and hormones, and growth of lambs born to ewes supplemented with algae-derived docosahexaenoic acid.	neonatal lamb mortality is a major factor affecting profitability in the sheep industry, and lamb thermogenesis is a key element in neonatal lamb survival. increased lamb vigor has been reported when ewes were supplemented during late gestation with algae-derived docosahexaenoic acid (dha); however, the effects of dha on lamb thermogenesis and immunocompetence have not been investigated. eighty twin-bearing targhee ewes (ages 2 to 5 yr; 68.5 + 3 kg) were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 supplement tr ...	2011	21742943
prospects of control and eradication of capripox from the indian subcontinent: a perspective.	sheeppox and goatpox, two endemic capripox infections in india, pose a significant economic threat to small ruminant productivity in the subcontinent. vaccination of all susceptible sheep and goats is the feasible and sustainable means of control. availability of effective live attenuated vaccines that are inherently thermostable and development of improved diagnostics provide the opportunities to initiate effective control measures for capripox. all animals older than 4months can be vaccinated ...	2011	21699920
seroprevalence and risk factors associated with neosporosis in sheep and dogs from farms.	this study aimed to establish the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with neosporosis in sheep and dogs from rural properties. 1497 blood samples were collected from sheep and 42 from dogs that cohabited with sheep from 16 farms located in the central region of s+úo paulo state, brazil. for the detection of n. caninum antibodies it was performed the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifatôëñ25). for the epidemiological study it was applied a questionnaire for the owners or responsible f ...	2011	21676548
toxoplasma gondii in switzerland: a serosurvey based on meat juice analysis of slaughtered pigs, wild boar, sheep and cattle.	toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide and is caused by the protozoan toxoplasma gondii. besides vertical infection during pregnancy, humans can get infected post-natally either by peroral uptake of sporulated toxoplasma oocysts or by ingestion of tissue cysts upon consumption of raw or undercooked meat. the aim of this study was to approximate the risk of human infection via meat consumption by estimating the seroprevalence of t. gondii in slaughtered animals in ...	2011	21824348
towards sustainable parasite control practices in livestock production with emphasis in latin america.	endo and ectoparasites of domestic ruminants directly or indirectly contribute to reduce sustainability affecting food security in subsistence or small scale farming systems, food safety (food borne diseases and pesticide residues), environment (pesticides, pollution and ecotoxicity) and farmer's equity (limited or uneven access to relevant technical information/training). this is especially true for some regions of latin america where there still are huge areas of natural grazing land for cattl ...	2011	21723040
prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 on hides and faeces of ruminants at slaughter in two major abattoirs in nigeria.	aim:ôçé to determine the occurrence of escherichia coli o157: h7 in hides and faeces of slaughtered ruminants in nigeria. methods and results:ôçé a total number of 320 animals were sampled from january to december covering the wet and harmattan seasons. samples were obtained from the hides and faeces of animals at slaughter. the iso (iso 16654:2001, microbiology of food and animal feedingstuffs - horizontal method for the detection of escherichia coli o157) method for enrichment and isolation of ...	2011	21722147
estimation of the postmortem interval by means of (1) h mrs of decomposing brain tissue: influence of ambient temperature.	standard methods for the estimation of the postmortem interval (pmi, time since death), based on the cooling of the corpse, are limited to about 48ôçëh after death. as an alternative, noninvasive postmortem observation of alterations of brain metabolites by means of (1) h mrs has been suggested for an estimation of the pmi at room temperature, so far without including the effect of other ambient temperatures. in order to study the temperature effect, localized (1) h mrs was used to follow brain ...	2011	21834003
sulphur isotopes in animal hair track distance to sea.	stable sulphur isotope ratios ((34)s/(32)s) in animal tissues have been suggested as a tracer of coastal residency of terrestrial animals, but data are lacking that quantify the inland range of the sulphur coastal signal and the effects of seasonality. here, we present +¦(34)s measurements of sheep wool collected seasonally on eight farms across ireland and wool samples collected opportunistically along the west and east coasts. we observed large (>10ôç¦) +¦(34)s differences across the island an ...	2011	21818798
a note on the reproductive performance of damara, dorper and merino sheep under optimum management and nutrition for merino ewes in the eastern wheatbelt of western australia.	the reproductive performance of 48 damara, 42 dorper and 46 merino ewes was evaluated under an optimum nutritional regime for merino ewes that included one annual joining in a mixed (cropping and sheep) farming system in the eastern wheatbelt of western australia (w.a.) over a 3-year period. in 2005, when the damara, dorper and merino ewes were aged between 8 and 9-ámonths at joining and weighed 41.2, 42.4 and 33.3-ákg with average body condition scores of 2.3, 2.4 and 1.8, respectively, their w ...	2011	21725705
adding ascorbic acid to vitrification and ivc medium influences preantral follicle morphology, but not viability.	in this study, we analysed the effect on morphology and viability of ovine primordial follicles, when ascorbic acid (aa) was added to vitrification and in vitro culture (ivc) media. for morphological analysis, ovarian tissue was vitrified using dmso or ethylene glycol (eg), to which aa was added or omitted. after warming, the tissue was fixed for histology or 1-day cultured in the presence or absence of aa. isolated primordial follicles from ovine ovarian tissue vitrified with dmso or eg, both s ...	2011	21736637
postmortem image analysis of sheep cortical leptomeningeal space and vasculature: theoretical implications on brain surface dialysis.	the vascular surface distribution of the subarachnoid space has not been studied extensively. the aim of our study was to develop a method of computer-assisted estimation of the distribution of the vascular network in the cortical leptomeninges and subarachnoid space and model it to aid the study of the physiology of brain surface dialysis. nine sheets of leptomeningeal tissue were obtained from adult sheep. fourteen image sample areas of 4 cm each were acquired and processed with imagej. the va ...	2011	21709544
mother-young relationships in sheep: a model for a multidisciplinary approach of the study of attachment in mammals.	the onset of maternal responsiveness and the development of mother-young attachment in sheep are under the combined influence of hormonal and sensory stimulations. in the mother, the prepartum rise in estrogen and vaginocervical stimulation caused by expulsion of the fetus act on the main olfactory system and on hypothalamic regions. this induces maternal care through central release of oxytocin, modulated by opiates and corticotrophin-releasing. in parallel, activation of the main olfactory net ...	2011	21827554
inflammatory cytokines il-6 and tnf-+¦ regulate lymphocyte trafficking through the local lymph node.	lymphocyte trafficking from blood to lymph and back is a tightly regulated process. given appropriate stimuli, trafficking of cells through the lymph node changes from a 'steady-state' to a bimodal flow. initially, a 'shutdown' phase occurs, leading to a dramatic reduction in efferent cell output. this is followed by a 'recruitment' phase whereby the efferent cell output becomes greatly elevated before returning to baseline levels. the shutdown/recruitment process is hypothesised to promote enco ...	2011	21839522
non chemical control of helminths in ruminants: adapting solutions for changing worms in a changing world.	infections with gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) remain a major threat for ruminant production, health and welfare associated with outdoor breeding. the control of these helminth parasites has relied on the strategic or tactical use of chemical anthelmintic (ah) drugs. however, the expanding development and diffusion of anthelmintic resistance in nematode populations imposes the need to explore and validate novel solutions (or to re-discover old knowledge) for a more sustainable control of gin. ...	2011	21705144
effects of maternal selenium supply and plane of nutrition during gestation on passive transfer of immunity and health in neonatal lambs.	to investigate the influence of maternal se supply and plane of nutrition on lamb morbidity, mortality, and passive transfer of igg, pregnant ewe lambs were used in 2 experiments with 2 x 3 factorial treatment arrangements. supplementation of se began at breeding and was either adequate se (ase, 9.5 ++g/kg of bw) or high se (hse, 81.8 ++g/kg of bw) in exp. 1 or ase (11.5 -ág/kg of bw) or hse (77.0 -ág/kg of bw) in exp. 2. on d 50 or 40 of gestation for exp. 1 or 2, respectively, ewes were assign ...	2011	21724938
characterization of certain bacterial strains for potential use as starter or probiotic cultures in dairy products.	the present work was aimed at characterizing 12 strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) to obtain improved potential starter or probiotic cultures that could be used for making dairy products from ewe's milk and cow's milk. eight strains with antimicrobial properties, isolated from ewe's milk and from cheese made from ewe's and/or cow's milk, were studied. they were identified as enterococcus faecalis (five strains), lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, leuconostoc mesenteroides, and lactobacillus ...	2011	21819671
differential pharmacokinetic analysis of in vivo erythropoietin receptor interaction with erythropoietin and continuous erythropoietin receptor activator in sheep.	the two erythropoiesis stimulating agents (esas), short acting recombinant human erythropoietin (epo) and long acting continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (cera), have been hypothesized to share an in vivo elimination pathway that involves binding to erythropoietin receptor (epor) and subsequent internalization. a physiologically based recirculation model and a pharmacokinetic tracer interaction methodology (tim) were used to compare the in vivo interaction kinetics with epor between the ...	2011	21678432
dihydroartemisinin shift the immune response towards th1, inhibit the tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.	some investigators have been found that artemisinin and its derivates have inhibitory effect on growth of cancer cells. among these derivatives, dihydroartemisinin (dha) is well known as a semi-synthetic one. in addition, t cells are proved to be essential for the destruction of cancer cells. in this research, we assessed the effects of dha on tumor cell growth inhibition in vitro by mtt assay and in vivo by intra tumor injection of dha against breast cancer. the results showed that the ic(50) v ...	2011	21820106
sleeping beauty-mediated knockdown of sheep myostatin by rna interference.	myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. myostatin dysfunction therefore offers a strategy for promoting animal muscle growth in livestock production. knockdown of myostatin was achieved by combining rna interference and the sleeping beauty (sb) transposon system in sheep cells. four targeting sites of sheep myostatin were designed and measured for myostatin silencing in sheep fetal fibroblasts by real-time pcr. the sh3 construct induced significant decrease of myostatin gene ...	2011	21698446
phosphogypsum capping depth affects revegetation and hydrology in western canada.	phosphogypsum (pg), a byproduct of phosphate fertilizer manufacturing, is commonly stacked and capped with soil at decommissioning. shallow (0, 8, 15, and 30 cm) and thick (46 and 91 cm) sandy loam caps on a pg stack near fort saskatchewan, alberta, canada, were studied in relation to vegetation establishment and hydrologic properties. plant response was evaluated over two growing seasons for redtop ( l.), slender wheatgrass ( (link) malte ex h.f. lewis), tufted hairgrass ( (l.) p. beauv.), and ...	2011	21712581
natural infection by eimeria spp. in a cohort of lambs raised extensively in northeast brazil.	the aim of the study was to examine and describe the changes in the course of eimeria infection in a cohort of lambs of the mixed breed santa in+¬s raised extensively on a farm in the state of rio grande do norte, northeastern brazil. the study was carried out between april and august 2008, during which period fecal samples were collected on a weekly basis from each of the 27 male lambs starting from the day after birth until the age of 90 days. samples were analyzed under optical microscope a n ...	2011	21722488
plasticity of the parental brain: a case for neurogenesis.	profound behavioural changes occur in the mother at parturition together with extensive remodelling of neural circuits. these changes include neurochemical, morphological and functional plasticity. the continuous generation of new neurons in the hippocampus and the olfactory system is an additional form of neuroplasticity that contributes to motherhood. this review describes reciprocal relationships between hippocampal and olfactory neurogenesis and parental behaviour. studies demonstrate in rod ...	2011	21824205
novel gene expression responses in the ovine abomasal mucosa to infection with the gastric nematode teladorsagia circumcincta.	abstract: infection of sheep with the gastric nematode teladorsagia circumcincta results in distinct th2-type changes in the mucosa, including mucous neck cell and mast cell hyperplasia, eosinophilia, recruitment of iga/ige producing cells and neutrophils, altered t-cell subsets and mucosal hypertrophy. to address the protective mechanisms generated in animals on previous exposure to this parasite, gene expression profiling was carried out using samples of abomasal mucosa collected pre- and post ...	2011	21682880
microscope sterility during spine surgery.	abstract: study design: prospective studyobjective: assess the contamination rates of sterile microscope drapes following spine surgery.summary of background data: the use of the operating microscope has become more prevalent in certain spine procedures, providing superior magnification, visualization, and illumination of the operative field. however, it may represent an additional source of bacterial contamination and increase the risk of developing a postoperative infection.methods: this study ...	2011	21681131
decreasing prevalence of brucellosis in red deer through efforts to control disease in livestock.	summary when a pathogen infects a number of different hosts, the process of determining the relative importance of each host species to the persistence of the pathogen is often complex. removal of a host species is a potential but rarely possible way of discovering the importance of that species to the dynamics of the disease. this study presents the results of a 12-year programme aimed at controlling brucellosis in cattle, sheep and goats and the cascading impacts on brucellosis in a sympatric ...	2011	21676351
factor h-related protein 1 neutralizes anti-factor h autoantibodies in autoimmune hemolytic uremic syndrome.	the autoimmune form of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) is characterized by circulating autoantibodies against the complement regulator factor h, and is often associated with deficiency of the factor h-related proteins cfhr1 and cfhr3. here we studied whether anti-factor h autoantibodies crossreact with cfhr1, and determined functional consequences of this. in elisa, anti-factor h immunoglobulin g (igg) autoantibodies from 24 atypical hus patients bound to the short consensus repeat 20 d ...	2011	21677636
time- and frequency-domain analyses of atrial fibrillation activation rate: the optical mapping reference.	background: time- and frequency-domain estimates of activation rate have been proposed to guide atrial fibrillation (af) ablation in patients, but their electrophysiological correlates are unclear. objective: this study sought to examine the relative correlation of average electrical cycle length (cl) and dominant frequency (df) during af with reference optical mapping measures. methods: eight sheep hearts were langendorff-perfused and superfused with oxygenated tyrode solution inside a tank rep ...	2011	21699849
analogue-based design, synthesis and molecular docking analysis of 2,3-diaryl quinazolinones as non-ulcerogenic anti-inflammatory agents.	in our effort to identify potent gastric sparing anti-inflammatory agents, a series of methyl sulfanyl/methyl sulfonyl substituted 2,3-diaryl quinazolinones were designed by analogue-based design strategy and synthesized for biological evaluation. subsequently, the compounds were evaluated for both cyclooxygenase inhibitions by ovine cox assay and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay. all the methyl sulfonyl substituted quinazolinones were exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activity. in pa ...	2011	21724403
molecular characterization and expression analysis of osteopontin cdna from lactating mammary gland in yak (bos grunniens).	osteopontin (opn) is a secreted phosphorylated glycoprotein. it has an important role in mammary gland development and lactation, as well as, is thought to be a potential candidate gene for lactation traits. in the present work, we isolated and characterized a full-length open reading frame (orf) of yak opn cdna from lactating mammary tissue, and examined its expression pattern in mammary gland during different stages of lactation, as well as, the recombinant opn protein of yak was expressed suc ...	2011	21720759
recombinant ha1 produced in e. coli forms functional oligomers and generates strain-specific srid potency antibodies for pandemic influenza vaccines.	vaccine production and initiation of mass vaccination is a key factor in rapid response to new influenza pandemic. during the 2009-2010 h1n1 pandemic, several bottlenecks were identified, including the delayed availability of vaccine potency reagents. currently, antisera for the single-radial immunodiffusion (srid) potency assay are generated in sheep immunized repeatedly with ha released and purified after bromelain-treatment of influenza virus grown in eggs. this approach was a major bottlenec ...	2011	21704111
molecular detection of pestiviruses in aborted foetuses from provinces in northern turkey.	all pestiviruses are important veterinary pathogens causing economic losses in cattle, sheep and pigs. besides the important economical losses, pestiviruses may compromise the normal immune response to other pathogens and increase the severity of other infections in sheep. in this study, aborted foetuses (cattle and sheep) in either coastal or inland black sea region of turkey were surveyed for the presence of rna from pestiviruses (bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), border disease virus (bdv) ...	2011	21842445
oral treatment of chickens with lactobacilli influences elicitation of immune responses.	commensal microbes in the intestine are in constant interaction with host cells and play a role in shaping the immune system. lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus reuteri, and lactobacillus salivarius are members of the chicken intestinal microbiota and have been shown to induce different cytokine profiles in mononuclear cells in vitro. the objective of the present study was to examine the effects of these bacteria individually or in combination on the induction of antibody- and cell-mediate ...	2011	21734067
technical note: a novel method for routine genotyping the g allele of beta-casein (csn2) and t allele of kappa-casein (csn3) in a sheep population using lightcycler.	the aim of this work was to develop a protocol for rapid genotyping of a and g variants at the csn2 locus and genotyping of t and c variants at the csn3 locus in sheep breeds (sumava and valachian) by means of pcr and lightcycler analysis. the lightcycler technique combines rapid and efficient in vitro amplification of dna in glass capillaries with melting curve analysis based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer for the sensitive detection of point mutation. the a variant had a higher freq ...	2011	21841082
the impact of lambing stress on post-parturient behaviour of sheep with consequences on neonatal homeothermy and survival.	during lambing the expression of an appropriate behavioural response from both the ewe and the lamb are extremely important to lamb survival. the aim of this study was to show the effect of length and difficulty of the birth process on the expression of maternal and neonatal behaviour with consequences on homeothermy and survival of the neonate lamb. data were collected from 61 finnish landrace +ù rahmani crossbred (second generation) primiparous ewes and their single born lambs. based on the av ...	2011	21719079
toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in domestic animals and humans in mymensingh district, bangladesh.	the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii was examined in adult women and domestic animals used for meat products from the mymensingh district, bangladesh. cattle, goats and sheep showed a high seroprevalence (12, 32 and 40%, respectively), while the sera from all fifteen women examined in the same area were seronegative. considering that primary infection in women during pregnancy can cause abortion and congenital defects, accidental ingestion of t. gondii infected meat products from domestic ani ...	2011	21685720
condensed tannins act against cattle nematodes.	the use of natural plant anthelmintics was suggested as a possible alternative control of gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) in ruminants. direct anthelmintic effects of tannin-containing plants have already been shown in sheep and goat gin. these anthelmintic properties are mainly associated with condensed tannins. in the present study, we evaluated possible in vitro effects of three tannin-containing plants against bovine gin. effects of onobrychis viciifolia, lotus pedunculatus and lotus cornic ...	2011	21726942
complete genome sequences of four mammalian isolates of chlamydophila psittaci.	chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular zoonotic pathogen primarily of birds, but it is also known to infect a variety of mammalian species. here we report the genomes of four strains isolated from sheep (c19/98), pigs (01dc11), cattle (02dc15), and humans (08dc60).	2011	21705611
interferon-+¦ expression in trophoblast cells in pregnant ewes challenged with chlamydophila abortus.	pregnant ewes were challenged with chlamydia abortus at 91-98 days of gestation and euthanised at 14, 21 and 28 days post-challenge. ifn+¦ mrna labelling appeared to be co-localised with chlamydial lipopolysaccharide within trophoblast cells in discrete areas lining the primary villi in the limbus and hilar zone of the placentomes from challenged sheep on days 21 and 28 post-infection. the presence of ifn+¦ was also demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. no labelling was seen in tissues from the ...	2011	21722966
anthelmintic resistance: potential benefits of 'over-diagnosis'.		2011	21685422
a preclinical study of the safety and efficacy of occlusinôäó 500 artificial embolization device in sheep.	introduction: this study evaluated the safety, effectiveness, and biodegradation of a new embolic agent, occlusinôäó 503 artificial embolization device (ocl 503). the agent consists of biodegradable poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres (150-212-á++m) coated with type i bovine collagen and was compared with embosphere(-«) microspheres (300-500-á++m) in this controlled study of uterine artery embolization (uae) in sheep. methods: unilateral uae was performed in 32 adult ewes randomly assigned ...	2011	21732229
effect of intracerebroventricular injections of prolactin-releasing peptide on prolactin release and stress-related responses in steers.	some evidence suggests that there might be a species difference in the effect of intracerebroventricularly administered (icv) prolactin-releasing peptide (prrp) between rodents and sheep. we compared the levels of cortisol (cort) and prolactin (prl), rectal temperature (rt) and behavioral responses to icv bovine prrp (bprrp) in steers. icv bprrp (0.2, 2 and 20 nmol/200 -ál) tended to evoke a dose-related increase in cort concentrations and 0.2 nmol of bprrp induced transient increase in prl conc ...	2011	21729212
sheep rumen and omasum primary cultures and source epithelia: barrier function aligns with expression of tight junction proteins.	the forestomachs of cows and sheep have historically served as important models for the study of epithelial transport. thus, the ruminal epithelium was among the first tissues in which absorption of chloride against an electrochemical gradient was observed, requiring a tight paracellular barrier to prevent back-leakage. however, little is known about ruminal barrier function, despite the considerable implications for ruminant health. the tight junction proteins of the omasum have never been inve ...	2011	21832130
enhancement of immunohistochemical staining of scrapie proteins and immune cells within lymph nodes of early scrapie-infected sheep.	transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse) are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect animals as well as humans. the oldest of these diseases is scrapie seen in sheep. scrapie is caused by an altered form (prp(sc)), capable of inducing "self-replication" of the normal host prion protein(prp(c)). there is currently no universal standard for antigen retrieval when using immunohistochemistry to simultaneously stain the prp(c) protein and other cellular markers. the use of form ...	2011	21722647
multiple actions of the anthracycline daunorubicin on cardiac ryanodine receptors.	our aim was to examine the molecular basis for acute effects of the anthracycline daunorubicin on cardiac ryanodine receptor (ryr2) channels and cardiac calsequestrin (csq2). cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines preclude their chemotherapeutic use in patients with pre-existing heart conditions. to address this significant problem, the mechanisms of anthracycline toxicity must be defined but at present are poorly understood. ryr2 channel activity was assessed by measuring ca(2+) release from car ...	2011	21697274
higher levels of heat shock proteins in longer-lived mammals and birds.	cellular stress resistance is generally associated with longevity, but the mechanisms underlying this phenotype are not clear. in invertebrate models there is a clear role for heat shock proteins (hsps) and organelle-specific unfolded protein responses (upr) in longevity. however, this has not been demonstrated in vertebrates. some hsp amino acid sequences are highly conserved amongst mammals and birds. we used antibodies recognizing conserved regions of hsp60 (primarily mitochondrial), hsp70 (p ...	2011	21703294