Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| malaria impact of large dams in sub-saharan africa: maps, estimates and predictions. | while there is growing recognition of the malaria impacts of large dams in sub-saharan africa, the cumulative malaria impact of reservoirs associated with current and future dam developments has not been quantified. the objective of this study was to estimate the current and predict the future impact of large dams on malaria in different eco-epidemiological settings across sub-saharan africa. | 2015 | 26337834 |
| increasing prevalence of plasmodium vivax among febrile patients in nouakchott, mauritania. | the occurrence of plasmodium vivax malaria was reported in nouakchott, mauritania in the 1990s. several studies have suggested the frequent occurrence of p. vivax malaria among nouakchott residents, including those without recent travel history to the southern part of the country where malaria is known to be endemic. to further consolidate the evidence for p. vivax endemicity and the extent of malaria burden in one district in the city of nouakchott, febrile illnesses were monitored in 2012-2013 ... | 2015 | 25582695 |
| specific antibodies to anopheles gsg6-p1 salivary peptide to assess early childhood exposure to malaria vector bites. | the estimates of risk of malaria in early childhood are imprecise given the current entomologic and parasitological tools. thus, the utility of anti-anopheles salivary gsg6-p1 peptide antibody responses in measuring exposure to anopheles bites during early infancy has been assessed. | 2015 | 26198354 |
| sibling species of the anopheles funestus group, and their infection with malaria and lymphatic filarial parasites, in archived and newly collected specimens from northeastern tanzania. | studies on the east african coast have shown a recent dramatic decline in malaria vector density and change in composition of sibling species of the anopheles gambiae complex, paralleled by a major decline in malaria incidence. in order to better understand the ongoing changes in vector-parasite dynamics in the area, and to allow for appropriate adjustment of control activities, the present study examined the composition, and malaria and lymphatic filarial infection, of sibling species of the an ... | 2015 | 25885457 |
| human biting activity, spatial-temporal distribution and malaria vector role of anopheles calderoni in the southwest of colombia. | anopheles calderoni was first recognized in colombia in 2010 as this species had been misidentified as anopheles punctimacula due to morphological similarities. an. calderoni is considered a malaria vector in peru and has been found naturally infected with plasmodium falciparum in colombia. however, its biting behaviour, population dynamics and epidemiological importance have not been well described for colombia. | 2015 | 26104785 |
| spatial and temporal variation of malaria entomological parameters at the onset of a hydro-agricultural development in central côte d'ivoire. | a deeper understanding of the ecology and small-scale heterogeneity of malaria transmission is essential for the design of effective prevention, control and elimination interventions. the spatial and temporal distribution of malaria vectors was investigated in five villages in close proximity to a hydro-agricultural system in côte d'ivoire over the course of construction and the early phase of irrigated rice farming. | 2015 | 26341670 |
| frequencies distribution of dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase mutant alleles associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in plasmodium falciparum population from hadhramout governorate, yemen. | malaria in yemen is mainly caused by plasmodium falciparum and 25% of the population is at high risk. sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp) had been used as monotherapy against p. falciparum. emergence of chloroquine resistance led to the shift in anti-malarial treatment policy in yemen to artemisinin-based combination therapy, that is artesunate (as) plus sp as first-line therapy for uncomplicated malaria and artemether-lumefantrine as second-line treatment. this study aimed to screen mutations in the ... | 2015 | 26693691 |
| plasmodium falciparum in the southeastern atlantic forest: a challenge to the bromeliad-malaria paradigm? | recently an unexpectedly high prevalence of plasmodium falciparum was found in asymptomatic blood donors living in the southeastern brazilian atlantic forest. the bromeliad-malaria paradigm assumes that transmission of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium malariae involves species of the subgenus kerteszia of anopheles and only a few cases of p. vivax malaria are reported annually in this region. the expectations of this paradigm are a low prevalence of p. vivax and a null prevalence of p. falciparum ... | 2015 | 25909655 |
| malaria case in madagascar, probable implication of a new vector, anopheles coustani. | indoor spraying of insecticides and the use of insecticide-treated bed nets are key strategies for national malaria vector control in the central highlands of madagascar. during the year 2013, malaria outbreaks were reported by the national malaria control programme in the highlands, including the district of ankazobe. | 2015 | 26620552 |
| monitoring changes in malaria epidemiology and effectiveness of interventions in ethiopia and uganda: beyond garki project baseline survey. | scale-up of malaria interventions seems to have contributed to a decline in the disease but other factors may also have had some role. understanding changes in transmission and determinant factors will help to adapt control strategies accordingly. | 2015 | 26337671 |
| malaria incidence and assessment of entomological indices among resettled communities in ethiopia: a longitudinal study. | population resettlement has been considered among factors that may increase risk of malaria transmission. this study reports, the impact of resettlement on malaria incidence and entomological indices among communities resettled in suburbs of jimma town, southwestern ethiopia. | 2015 | 25626598 |
| an overview of malaria transmission from the perspective of amazon anopheles vectors. | in the americas, areas with a high risk of malaria transmission are mainly located in the amazon forest, which extends across nine countries. one keystone step to understanding the plasmodium life cycle in anopheles species from the amazon region is to obtain experimentally infected mosquito vectors. several attempts to colonise anopheles species have been conducted, but with only short-lived success or no success at all. in this review, we review the literature on malaria transmission from the ... | 2015 | 25742262 |
| the kdr-bearing haplotype and susceptibility to plasmodium falciparum in anopheles gambiae: genetic correlation and functional testing. | members of the anopheles gambiae species complex are primary vectors of human malaria in africa. it is known that a large haplotype shared between an. gambiae and anopheles coluzzii by introgression carries point mutations of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene para, including the l1014f kdr mutation associated with insensitivity to pyrethroid insecticides. carriage of l1014f kdr is also correlated with higher susceptibility to infection with plasmodium falciparum. however, the genetic mechani ... | 2015 | 26445487 |
| plasmodium transmission blocking activities of vernonia amygdalina extracts and isolated compounds. | medicinal plants are a validated source for discovery of new leads and standardized herbal medicines. the aim of this study was to assess the activity of vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts and isolated compounds against gametocytes and sporogonic stages of plasmodium berghei and to validate the findings on field isolates of plasmodium falciparum. | 2015 | 26208861 |
| a cohort study of the effectiveness of insecticide-treated bed nets to prevent malaria in an area of moderate pyrethroid resistance, malawi. | insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) are the cornerstone of malaria control in sub-saharan africa but their effectiveness may be compromised by the spread of pyrethroid resistance among malaria vectors. the objective of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of itns to prevent malaria in an area of malawi with moderate pyrethroid resistance. | 2015 | 25627987 |
| role of underappreciated vectors in malaria transmission in an endemic region of bangladesh-india border. | despite the efforts of the national malaria control programme, malaria remains as an important public health problem in bangladesh, particularly in the south-eastern region bordering india. successful malaria control strategies rely on a detailed understanding of the underlying causes of malaria transmission. here, an entomological survey was conducted in a malaria endemic area of bangladesh bordering india to investigate the anopheles mosquito community and assess their plasmodium infection sta ... | 2015 | 25889228 |
| anopheline species and their plasmodium infection status in aligarh, india. | malaria is a global issue and india contributes substantially to global malaria incidence. information related to malaria vectors is very limited in aligarh. the environmental and climatological situations permit the continual breeding of vectors in permanent breeding sites. this study was designed with the aim to screen all the anophelines species and possible malaria vectors in three different localities of aligarh. anopheles mosquitoes were collected from three different localities (fort, jal ... | 2015 | 27579016 |
| a molecular mechanism of artemisinin resistance in plasmodium falciparum malaria. | artemisinins are the cornerstone of anti-malarial drugs. emergence and spread of resistance to them raises risk of wiping out recent gains achieved in reducing worldwide malaria burden and threatens future malaria control and elimination on a global level. genome-wide association studies (gwas) have revealed parasite genetic loci associated with artemisinin resistance. however, there is no consensus on biochemical targets of artemisinin. whether and how these targets interact with genes identifi ... | 2015 | 25874676 |
| transmission-blocking activity of antibodies to plasmodium falciparum glurp.10c chimeric protein formulated in different adjuvants. | plasmodium falciparum is transmitted from person to person by anopheles mosquitoes after completing its sexual reproductive cycle within the infected mosquito. an efficacious vaccine holds the potential to interrupt development of the parasite in the mosquito leading to control and possibly eradication of malaria. a multi-component, r0.10c, was developed comprising p. falciparum glutamate-rich protein (r0) fused in frame to a correctly folded fragment of pfs48/45 (10c). here, a series of novel a ... | 2015 | 26552428 |
| application of a scalable plant transient gene expression platform for malaria vaccine development. | despite decades of intensive research efforts there is currently no vaccine that provides sustained sterile immunity against malaria. in this context, a large number of targets from the different stages of the plasmodium falciparum life cycle have been evaluated as vaccine candidates. none of these candidates has fulfilled expectations, and as long as we lack a single target that induces strain-transcending protective immune responses, combining key antigens from different life cycle stages seem ... | 2015 | 26779197 |
| malaria incidence from 2005-2013 and its associations with meteorological factors in guangdong, china. | the temporal variation of malaria incidence has been linked to meteorological factors in many studies, but key factors observed and corresponding effect estimates were not consistent. furthermore, the potential effect modification by individual characteristics is not well documented. this study intends to examine the delayed effects of meteorological factors and the sub-population's susceptibility in guangdong, china. | 2015 | 25881185 |
| artemisinin-resistant plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates can infect diverse mosquito vectors of southeast asia and africa. | artemisinin-resistant plasmodium falciparum parasites are rapidly spreading in southeast asia, yet nothing is known about their transmission. this knowledge gap and the possibility that these parasites will spread to africa endanger global efforts to eliminate malaria. here we produce gametocytes from parasite clinical isolates that displayed artemisinin resistance in patients and in vitro, and use them to infect native and non-native mosquito vectors. we show that contemporary artemisinin-resis ... | 2015 | 26485448 |
| malaria ecology along the thailand-myanmar border. | malaria in southeast asia frequently clusters along international borders. for example, while most of thailand is malaria free, the border region shared with myanmar continues to have endemic malaria. this spatial pattern is the result of complex interactions between landscape, humans, mosquito vectors, and malaria parasites. an understanding of these complex ecological and socio-cultural interactions is important for designing and implementing malaria elimination efforts in the region. this art ... | 2015 | 26437860 |
| submicroscopic and asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax infections are common in western thailand - molecular and serological evidence. | malaria is a public health problem in parts of thailand, where plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax are the main causes of infection. in the northwestern border province of tak parasite prevalence is now estimated to be less than 1% by microscopy. nonetheless, microscopy is insensitive at low-level parasitaemia. the objective of this study was to assess the current epidemiology of falciparum and vivax malaria in tak using molecular methods to detect exposure to and infection with parasites ... | 2015 | 25849211 |
| epidemiology of forest malaria in central vietnam: the hidden parasite reservoir. | after successfully reducing the malaria burden to pre-elimination levels over the past two decades, the national malaria programme in vietnam has recently switched from control to elimination. however, in forested areas of central vietnam malaria elimination is likely to be jeopardized by the high occurrence of asymptomatic and submicroscopic infections as shown by previous reports. this paper presents the results of a malaria survey carried out in a remote forested area of central vietnam where ... | 2015 | 25880664 |
| genetic diversity of plasmodium vivax population before elimination of malaria in hainan province, china. | hainan province is one of the most severe endemic regions with high transmission of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax in china. however, the incidence of p. falciparum and p. vivax has dropped dramatically since 2007 and a national elimination malaria programme (nemp) was launched after 2010. to better understand the genetic information on p. vivax population before elimination of malaria in hainan province, the extent of genetic diversity of p. vivax isolates in hainan province was inv ... | 2015 | 25888891 |
| role of asymptomatic carriers and weather variables in persistent transmission of malaria in an endemic district of assam, india. | malaria transmission is perennial in the assam-arunachal pradesh interstate border areas in the sonitpur district of assam, india. a yearlong study was carried out on the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria and the role of asymptomatic malaria carriers in persistent transmission of the disease. the relationships between malaria incidence and weather parameters were also investigated. | 2015 | 25595688 |
| a cost-effectiveness analysis of plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination in hainan province, 2002-2012. | in hainan province, china, great achievements in elimination of falciparum malaria have been made since 2010. there have been no locally acquired falciparum malaria cases since that time. the cost-effectiveness of elimination of falciparum malaria has been analyzed in hainan province. there were 4,422 falciparum malaria cases reported from 2002 to 2012, more cases occurred in males than in females. from 2002 to 2012, a total of 98.5 disability-adjusted life years (dalys) were reported because of ... | 2015 | 26438030 |
| evidence-based malaria control in timor leste from 2006 to 2012. | malaria has been a major public health problem in the newly established democratic republic of timor leste with over 200,000 cases being reported in 2006 and 2007. the national malaria control programme (nmcp) was established in 2003. the progress made in malaria control in timor leste is reported. | 2015 | 25890294 |
| is there malaria transmission in urban settings in colombia? | colombia contributes a significant proportion of malaria cases in the americas, which are predominantly rural. however, in the last 8 years ~ 10 % of the endemic municipalities have also reported urban and peri-urban malaria cases, a growing concern for health authorities. this study focused on the characterization of the officially reported urban malaria cases. | 2015 | 26573620 |
| 'a bite before bed': exposure to malaria vectors outside the times of net use in the highlands of western kenya. | the human population in the highlands of nyanza province, western kenya, is subject to sporadic epidemics of plasmodium falciparum. indoor residual spraying (irs) and long-lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) are used widely in this area. these interventions are most effective when anopheles rest and feed indoors and when biting occurs at times when individuals use llins. it is therefore important to test the current assumption of vector feeding preferences, and late night feeding times, in ... | 2015 | 26109384 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection has no impact on plasmodium berghei anka-induced experimental cerebral malaria in c57bl/6 mice. | cerebral malaria (cm) is the most severe complication of human infection with plasmodium falciparum. the mechanisms predisposing to cm are still not fully understood. proinflammatory immune responses are required for the control of blood-stage malaria infection but are also implicated in the pathogenesis of cm. a fine balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses is required for parasite clearance without the induction of host pathology. the most accepted experimental model to stud ... | 2015 | 26644378 |
| the potential for fungal biopesticides to reduce malaria transmission under diverse environmental conditions. | the effectiveness of conventional malaria vector control is being threatened by the spread of insecticide resistance. one promising alternative to chemicals is the use of naturally-occurring insect-killing fungi. numerous laboratory studies have shown that isolates of fungal pathogens such as beauveria bassiana can infect and kill adult mosquitoes, including those resistant to chemical insecticides.unlike chemical insecticides, fungi may take up to a week or more to kill mosquitoes following exp ... | 2015 | 26792946 |
| a new set of chemical starting points with plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking potential for antimalarial drug discovery. | the discovery of new antimalarials with transmission blocking activity remains a key issue in efforts to control malaria and eventually eradicate the disease. recently, high-throughput screening (hts) assays have been successfully applied to plasmodium falciparum asexual stages to screen millions of compounds, with the identification of thousands of new active molecules, some of which are already in clinical phases. the same approach has now been applied to identify compounds that are active aga ... | 2015 | 26317851 |
| evaluation of the impact of codon optimization and n-linked glycosylation on functional immunogenicity of pfs25 dna vaccines delivered by in vivo electroporation in preclinical studies in mice. | plasmodium falciparum sexual stage surface antigen pfs25 is a well-established candidate for malaria transmission-blocking vaccine development. immunization with dna vaccines encoding pfs25 has been shown to elicit potent antibody responses in mice and nonhuman primates. studies aimed at further optimization have revealed improved immunogenicity through the application of in vivo electroporation and by using a heterologous prime-boost approach. the goal of the studies reported here was to system ... | 2015 | 26135972 |
| a semi-automated luminescence based standard membrane feeding assay identifies novel small molecules that inhibit transmission of malaria parasites by mosquitoes. | current first-line treatments for uncomplicated falciparum malaria rapidly clear the asexual stages of the parasite, but do not fully prevent parasite transmission by mosquitoes. the standard membrane feeding assay (smfa) is the biological gold standard assessment of transmission reducing activity (tra), but its throughput is limited by the need to determine mosquito infection status by dissection and microscopy. here we present a novel dissection-free luminescence based smfa format using a tran ... | 2015 | 26687564 |
| optimizing intradermal administration of cryopreserved plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in controlled human malaria infection. | controlled human malaria infection (chmi) is a powerful tool to evaluate malaria vaccine and prophylactic drug efficacy. until recently chmi was only carried out by the bite of infected mosquitoes. a parenteral method of chmi would standardize plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (pfspz) administration, eliminate the need for expensive challenge facility infrastructure, and allow for use of many p. falciparum strains. recently, intradermal (id) injection of aseptic, purified, cryopreserved pfspz was ... | 2015 | 26416102 |
| progress with plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (pfspz)-based malaria vaccines. | sanaria inc. has developed methods to manufacture, purify and cryopreserve aseptic plasmodium falciparum (pf) sporozoites (spz), and is using this platform technology to develop an injectable pfspz-based vaccine that provides high-grade, durable protection against infection with pf malaria. several candidate vaccines are being developed and tested, including pfspz vaccine, in which the pfspz are attenuated by irradiation, pfspz-cvac, in which fully infectious pfspz are attenuated in vivo by conc ... | 2015 | 26469720 |
| highly efficient cas9-mediated gene drive for population modification of the malaria vector mosquito anopheles stephensi. | genetic engineering technologies can be used both to create transgenic mosquitoes carrying antipathogen effector genes targeting human malaria parasites and to generate gene-drive systems capable of introgressing the genes throughout wild vector populations. we developed a highly effective autonomous clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)-associated protein 9 (cas9)-mediated gene-drive system in the asian malaria vector anopheles stephensi, adapted from the mutagenic ... | 2015 | 26598698 |
| plasmodium evasion of mosquito immunity and global malaria transmission: the lock-and-key theory. | plasmodium falciparum malaria originated in africa and became global as humans migrated to other continents. during this journey, parasites encountered new mosquito species, some of them evolutionarily distant from african vectors. we have previously shown that the pfs47 protein allows the parasite to evade the mosquito immune system of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. here, we investigated the role of pfs47-mediated immune evasion in the adaptation of p. falciparum to evolutionarily distant mosqui ... | 2015 | 26598665 |
| a comparison of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein-based slot blot and elisa immuno-assays for oocyst detection in mosquito homogenates. | the infectivity of plasmodium gametocytes is typically determined by microscopically examining the midguts of mosquitoes that have taken a blood meal containing potentially infectious parasites. such assessments are required for the development and evaluation of transmission-reducing interventions (tri), but are limited by subjectivity, technical complexity and throughput. the detection of circumsporozoite protein (csp) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and enhanced chemiluminescent s ... | 2015 | 26573271 |
| a simple and predictive phenotypic high content imaging assay for plasmodium falciparum mature gametocytes to identify malaria transmission blocking compounds. | plasmodium falciparum gametocytes, specifically the mature stages, are the only malaria parasite stage in humans transmissible to the mosquito vector. anti-malarial drugs capable of killing these forms are considered essential for the eradication of malaria and tools allowing the screening of large compound libraries with high predictive power are needed to identify new candidates. as gametocytes are not a replicative stage it is difficult to apply the same drug screening methods used for asexua ... | 2015 | 26553647 |
| the plasmodium palmitoyl-s-acyl-transferase dhhc2 is essential for ookinete morphogenesis and malaria transmission. | the post-translational addition of c-16 long chain fatty acids to protein cysteine residues is catalysed by palmitoyl-s-acyl-transferases (pat) and affects the affinity of a modified protein for membranes and therefore its subcellular localisation. in apicomplexan parasites this reversible protein modification regulates numerous biological processes and specifically affects cell motility, and invasion of host cells by plasmodium falciparum merozoites and toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. using inhi ... | 2015 | 26526684 |
| population-based seroprevalence of malaria in hormozgan province, southeastern iran: a low transmission area. | the seroepidemiological condition of malaria in three main districts of hormozgan province, a low transmission area in southeast of iran, was investigated. methods. sera samples (803) were collected from healthy volunteers from the three main districts (bandar lengeh in the west, bandar abbas in the center, and bandar jask in the east) of hormozgan province. a questionnaire was used to record the sociodemographic features of the participants during sample collecting. an in-house elisa test, usin ... | 2015 | 26543662 |
| discovery of novel plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic antigens for vaccine development. | nearly 100% protection against malaria infection can be achieved in humans by immunization with p. falciparum radiation-attenuated sporozoites (ras). although it is thought that protection is mediated by t cell and antibody responses, only a few of the many pre-erythrocytic (sporozoite and liver stage) antigens that are targeted by these responses have been identified. | 2015 | 26292257 |
| anopheles stephensi p38 mapk signaling regulates innate immunity and bioenergetics during plasmodium falciparum infection. | fruit flies and mammals protect themselves against infection by mounting immune and metabolic responses that must be balanced against the metabolic needs of the pathogens. in this context, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)-dependent signaling is critical to regulating both innate immunity and metabolism during infection. accordingly, we asked to what extent the asian malaria mosquito anopheles stephensi utilizes p38 mapk signaling during infection with the human malaria parasite plasmo ... | 2015 | 26283222 |
| salinomycin and other ionophores as a new class of antimalarial drugs with transmission-blocking activity. | the drug target profile proposed by the medicines for malaria venture for a malaria elimination/eradication policy focuses on molecules active on both asexual and sexual stages of plasmodium, thus with both curative and transmission-blocking activities. the aim of the present work was to investigate whether the class of monovalent ionophores, which includes drugs used in veterinary medicine and that were recently proposed as human anticancer agents, meets these requirements. the activity of sali ... | 2015 | 26055362 |
| controlled human malaria infection by intramuscular and direct venous inoculation of cryopreserved plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in malaria-naïve volunteers: effect of injection volume and dose on infectivity rates. | controlled human malaria infection (chmi) by mosquito bite is a powerful tool for evaluation of vaccines and drugs against plasmodium falciparum malaria. however, only a small number of research centres have the facilities required to perform such studies. chmi by needle and syringe could help to accelerate the development of anti-malaria interventions by enabling centres worldwide to employ chmi. | 2015 | 26245196 |
| plasmodium falciparum full life cycle and plasmodium ovale liver stages in humanized mice. | experimental studies of plasmodium parasites that infect humans are restricted by their host specificity. humanized mice offer a means to overcome this and further provide the opportunity to observe the parasites in vivo. here we improve on previous protocols to achieve efficient double engraftment of tk-nog mice by human primary hepatocytes and red blood cells. thus, we obtain the complete hepatic development of p. falciparum, the transition to the erythrocytic stages, their subsequent multipli ... | 2015 | 26205537 |
| macrolides rapidly inhibit red blood cell invasion by the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. | malaria invasion of red blood cells involves multiple parasite-specific targets that are easily accessible to inhibitory compounds, making it an attractive target for antimalarial development. however, no current antimalarial agents act against host cell invasion. | 2015 | 26187647 |
| reversible conformational change in the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein masks its adhesion domains. | the extended rod-like plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (csp) is comprised of three primary domains: a charged n terminus that binds heparan sulfate proteoglycans, a central nanp repeat domain, and a c terminus containing a thrombospondin-like type i repeat (tsr) domain. only the last two domains are incorporated in rts,s, the leading malaria vaccine in phase 3 trials that, to date, protects about 50% of vaccinated children against clinical disease. a seroepidemiological study indic ... | 2015 | 26169272 |
| plasmodium falciparum suppresses the host immune response by inducing the synthesis of insulin-like peptides (ilps) in the mosquito anopheles stephensi. | the insulin-like peptides (ilps) and their respective signaling and regulatory pathways are highly conserved across phyla. in invertebrates, ilps regulate diverse physiological processes, including metabolism, reproduction, behavior, and immunity. we previously reported that blood feeding alone induced minimal changes in ilp expression in anopheles stephensi. however, ingestion of a blood meal containing human insulin or plasmodium falciparum, which can mimic insulin signaling, leads to signific ... | 2015 | 26165161 |
| plasmodium falciparum genetic crosses in a humanized mouse model. | genetic crosses of phenotypically distinct strains of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum are a powerful tool for identifying genes controlling drug resistance and other key phenotypes. previous studies relied on the isolation of recombinant parasites from splenectomized chimpanzees, a research avenue that is no longer available. here we demonstrate that human-liver chimeric mice support recovery of recombinant progeny for the identification of genetic determinants of parasite trait ... | 2015 | 26030447 |
| a sensitive, specific and reproducible real-time polymerase chain reaction method for detection of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum infection in field-collected anophelines. | we describe a simple method for detection of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum infection in anophelines using a triplex taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay (18s rrna). we tested the assay on anopheles darlingi and anopheles stephensi colony mosquitoes fed with plasmodium-infected blood meals and in duplicate on field collected an. darlingi. we compared the real-time pcr results of colony-infected and field collected an. darlingi, separately, to a conventional pcr meth ... | 2015 | 26061150 |
| heterologous protection against malaria after immunization with plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. | sterile protection in >90% of volunteers against homologous plasmodium falciparum infection has been achieved only using the controlled human malaria infection (chmi) model. this efficient model involves whole parasite immunizations under chloroquine prophylaxis (cps-immunization), requiring only 30-45 mosquitoes bites infected with p. falciparum-sporozoites. given the large diversity of p. falciparum parasites, it is essential to assess protection against heterologous parasite strains. | 2015 | 25933168 |
| robust, reproducible, industrialized, standard membrane feeding assay for assessing the transmission blocking activity of vaccines and drugs against plasmodium falciparum. | a vaccine that interrupts malaria transmission (vimt) would be a valuable tool for malaria control and elimination. one vimt approach is to identify sexual erythrocytic and mosquito stage antigens of the malaria parasite that induce immune responses targeted at disrupting parasite development in the mosquito. the standard plasmodium falciparum membrane-feeding assay (smfa) is used to assess transmission-blocking activity (tba) of antibodies against candidate immunogens and of drugs targeting the ... | 2015 | 25890243 |
| the plasmodium class xiv myosin, myob, has a distinct subcellular location in invasive and motile stages of the malaria parasite and an unusual light chain. | myosin b (myob) is one of the two short class xiv myosins encoded in the plasmodium genome. class xiv myosins are characterized by a catalytic "head," a modified "neck," and the absence of a "tail" region. myosin a (myoa), the other class xiv myosin in plasmodium, has been established as a component of the glideosome complex important in motility and cell invasion, but myob is not well characterized. we analyzed the properties of myob using three parasite species as follows: plasmodium falciparu ... | 2015 | 25802338 |
| direct venous inoculation of plasmodium falciparum sporozoites for controlled human malaria infection: a dose-finding trial in two centres. | controlled human malaria infection (chmi) accelerates development of anti-malarial interventions. so far, chmi is done by exposure of volunteers to bites of five mosquitoes carrying plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (pfspz), a technique available in only a few centres worldwide. mosquito-mediated chmi is logistically complex, exact pfspz dosage is impossible and live mosquito-based interventions are not suitable for further clinical development. | 2015 | 25889522 |
| proteolytic cleavage of the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein is a target of protective antibodies. | studies in animals and human volunteers demonstrate that antibodies against the repeat-region of the plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (csp) abrogate sporozoite infection. however, the realization that the n- and c- terminal regions flanking the repeats play essential roles in parasite infectivity raised the possibility that they could be targeted by protective antibodies. we characterized a monoclonal antibody (mab5d5) specific for the n-terminus of the p. falciparum csp, which inhibits the p ... | 2015 | 25762791 |
| host-based prophylaxis successfully targets liver stage malaria parasites. | eliminating malaria parasites during the asymptomatic but obligate liver stages (lss) of infection would stop disease and subsequent transmission. unfortunately, only a single licensed drug that targets all lss, primaquine, is available. targeting host proteins might significantly expand the repertoire of prophylactic drugs against malaria. here, we demonstrate that both bcl-2 inhibitors and p53 agonists dramatically reduce ls burden in a mouse malaria model in vitro and in vivo by altering the ... | 2015 | 25648263 |
| alga-produced malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate pfs25 formulated with a human use-compatible potent adjuvant induces high-affinity antibodies that block plasmodium falciparum infection of mosquitoes. | a vaccine to prevent the transmission of malaria parasites from infected humans to mosquitoes is an important component for the elimination of malaria in the 21st century, yet it remains neglected as a priority of malaria vaccine development. the lead candidate for plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking vaccine development, pfs25, is a sexual stage surface protein that has been produced for vaccine testing in a variety of heterologous expression systems. any realistic malaria vaccine will n ... | 2015 | 25690099 |
| comparison of hematological aspects among children with malaria and healthy children. | malaria is an acute and chronic illness characterized by paroxysms of fever, chills, sweating, fatigue, anemia, and splenomegaly. most malarial deaths occur in infants and young children.anemia in malaria has diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms such as direct invasion of red cells, in the following, we presented comparison of hematological aspects: children with malaria and healthy children. | 2015 | 26131347 |
| safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of intradermal immunization with aseptic, purified, cryopreserved plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in volunteers under chloroquine prophylaxis: a randomized controlled trial. | immunization of volunteers under chloroquine prophylaxis by bites of plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (pfspz)-infected mosquitoes induces > 90% protection against controlled human malaria infection (chmi). we studied intradermal immunization with cryopreserved, infectious pfspz in volunteers taking chloroquine (pfspz chemoprophylaxis vaccine [cvac]). vaccine groups 1 and 3 received 3× monthly immunizations with 7.5 × 10(4) pfspz. control groups 2 and 4 received normal saline. groups 1 and 2 unde ... | 2015 | 26711509 |
| maduramicin rapidly eliminates malaria parasites and potentiates the gametocytocidal activity of the pyrazoleamide pa21a050. | new strategies targeting plasmodium falciparum gametocytes, the sexual-stage parasites that are responsible for malaria transmission, are needed to eradicate this disease. most commonly used antimalarials are ineffective against p. falciparum gametocytes, allowing patients to continue to be infectious for over a week after asexual parasite clearance. a recent screen for gametocytocidal compounds demonstrated that the carboxylic polyether ionophore maduramicin is active at low nanomolar concentra ... | 2015 | 26711768 |
| malaria elimination in haiti by the year 2020: an achievable goal? | haiti and the dominican republic, which share the island of hispaniola, are the last locations in the caribbean where malaria still persists. malaria is an important public health concern in haiti with 17,094 reported cases in 2014. further, on january 12, 2010, a record earthquake devastated densely populated areas in haiti including many healthcare and laboratory facilities. weakened infrastructure provided fertile reservoirs for uncontrolled transmission of infectious pathogens. this situatio ... | 2015 | 26043728 |
| molecular investigation into a malaria outbreak in cusco, peru: plasmodium falciparum bv1 lineage is linked to a second outbreak in recent times. | in november 2013, a plasmodium falciparum malaria outbreak of 11 cases occurred in cusco, southern peru, where falciparum malaria had not been reported since 1946. although initial microscopic diagnosis reported only plasmodium vivax infection in each of the specimens, subsequent examination by the national reference laboratory confirmed p. falciparum infection in all samples. molecular typing of four available isolates revealed identity as the b-variant (bv1) strain that was responsible for a m ... | 2015 | 26483121 |
| a validated agent-based model to study the spatial and temporal heterogeneities of malaria incidence in the rainforest environment. | the amazon environment has been exposed in the last decades to radical changes that have been accompanied by a remarkable rise of both plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria. the malaria transmission process is highly influenced by factors such as spatial and temporal heterogeneities of the environment and individual-based characteristics of mosquitoes and humans populations. all these determinant factors can be simulated effectively trough agent-based models. | 2015 | 26696294 |
| malaria molecular epidemiology: lessons from the international centers of excellence for malaria research network. | molecular epidemiology leverages genetic information to study the risk factors that affect the frequency and distribution of malaria cases. this article describes molecular epidemiologic investigations currently being carried out by the international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemr) network in a variety of malaria-endemic settings. first, we discuss various novel approaches to understand malaria incidence and gametocytemia, focusing on plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax ... | 2015 | 26259945 |
| malaria vectors in south america: current and future scenarios. | malaria remains a significant public health issue in south america. future climate change may influence the distribution of the disease, which is dependent on the distribution of those anopheles mosquitoes competent to transmit plasmodium falciparum. herein, predictive niche models of the habitat suitability for p. falciparum, the current primary vector anopheles darlingi and nine other known and/or potential vector species of the neotropical albitarsis complex, were used to document the current ... | 2015 | 26283539 |
| variation in plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) and plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 3 (pfhrp3) gene deletions in guyana and suriname. | guyana and suriname have made important progress in reducing the burden of malaria. while both countries use microscopy as the primary tool for clinical diagnosis, malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are useful in remote areas of the interior where laboratory support may be limited or unavailable. recent reports indicate that histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2)-based diagnostic tests specific for detection of p. falciparum may provide false negative results in some parts of south america due to ... | 2015 | 25978499 |
| modelling the potential of focal screening and treatment as elimination strategy for plasmodium falciparum malaria in the peruvian amazon region. | focal screening and treatment (fsat) of malaria infections has recently been introduced in peru to overcome the inherent limitations of passive case detection (pcd) and further decrease the malaria burden. here, we used a relatively straightforward mathematical model to assess the potential of fsat as elimination strategy for plasmodium falciparum malaria in the peruvian amazon region. | 2015 | 25948081 |
| spatial and temporal epidemiology of malaria in extra-amazonian regions of brazil. | mosquitoes, plasmodium parasites, and humans live in sympatry in some extra-amazonian regions of brazil. recent migrations of people from amazonia and other countries to extra-amazonian regions have led to many malaria outbreaks. lack of relevant expertise among health professionals in non-endemic areas can lead to a neglect of the disease, which can be dangerous given its high fatality rate. therefore, understanding the spatial and temporal epidemiology of malaria is essential for developing st ... | 2015 | 26466889 |
| purification methodology for viable and infective plasmodium vivax gametocytes that is compatible with transmission-blocking assays. | significant progress toward the control of malaria has been achieved, especially regarding plasmodium falciparum infections. however, the unique biology of plasmodium vivax hampers current control strategies. the early appearance of p. vivax gametocytes in the peripheral blood and the impossibility of culturing this parasite are major drawbacks. using blood samples from 40 p. vivax-infected patients, we describe here a methodology to purify viable gametocytes and further infect anophelines. this ... | 2015 | 26239989 |
| imported malaria including hiv and pregnant woman risk groups: overview of the case of a spanish city 2004-2014. | arrival of inmigrants from malaria endemic areas has led to a emergence of cases of this parasitic disease in spain. the objective of this study was to analyse the high incidence rate of imported malaria in fuenlabrada, a city in the south of madrid, together with the frequent the lack of chemoprophylaxis, for the period between 2004 and 2014. both pregnant women and hiv risk groups have been considered. | 2015 | 26383771 |
| population genomic structure and adaptation in the zoonotic malaria parasite plasmodium knowlesi. | malaria cases caused by the zoonotic parasite plasmodium knowlesi are being increasingly reported throughout southeast asia and in travelers returning from the region. to test for evidence of signatures of selection or unusual population structure in this parasite, we surveyed genome sequence diversity in 48 clinical isolates recently sampled from malaysian borneo and in five lines maintained in laboratory rhesus macaques after isolation in the 1960s from peninsular malaysia and the philippines. ... | 2015 | 26438871 |
| changes in malaria epidemiology in a rural area of cubal, angola. | scarce information about malaria epidemiology in angola has been published. the objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of malaria at the hospital nossa senhora da paz (cubal, angola) and the fatality rate due to malaria (total and in children under five years) in the last five years. | 2015 | 25604647 |
| pivotal and distinct role for plasmodium actin capping protein alpha during blood infection of the malaria parasite. | accurate regulation of microfilament dynamics is central to cell growth, motility and response to environmental stimuli. stabilizing and depolymerizing proteins control the steady-state levels of filamentous (f-) actin. capping protein (cp) binds to free barbed ends, thereby arresting microfilament growth and restraining elongation to remaining free barbed ends. in all cps characterized to date, alpha and beta subunits form the active heterodimer. here, we show in a eukaryotic parasitic cell tha ... | 2015 | 25565321 |
| interactions between a fungal entomopathogen and malaria parasites within a mosquito vector. | mosquitoes are becoming increasingly resistant to the chemical insecticides currently available for malaria vector control, spurring interest in alternative management tools. one promising technology is the use of fungal entomopathogens. fungi have been shown to impact the potential for mosquitoes to transmit malaria by reducing mosquito longevity and altering behaviour associated with flight and host location. additionally, fungi could impact the development of malaria parasites within the mosq ... | 2015 | 25626485 |
| analysis of antibody profiles in symptomatic malaria in three sentinel sites of ivory coast by using multiplex, fluorescent, magnetic, bead-based serological assay (magpix™). | advances in malaria control have reduced the burden of disease resulting from exposure to parasite infections. the consequences on naturally acquired immunity are unclear. a magnetic bead-based immunoassay (mba) to assess antibody levels in populations living in endemic areas was previously evaluated. in this study, the effect of clinical attacks on immunity was analysed in three sentinel sites of ivory coast. | 2015 | 26692284 |
| polymorphisms of the artemisinin resistant marker (k13) in plasmodium falciparum parasite populations of grande comore island 10 years after artemisinin combination therapy. | plasmodium falciparum malaria is a significant public health problem in comoros, and artemisinin combination therapy (act) remains the first choice for treating acute uncomplicated p. falciparum. the emergence and spread of artemisinin-resistant p. falciparum in southeast asia, associated with mutations in k13-propeller gene, poses a potential threat to act efficacy. detection of mutations in the p. falciparum k13-propeller gene may provide the first-hand information on changes in parasite susce ... | 2015 | 26667053 |
| genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum parasite by microsatellite markers after scale-up of insecticide-treated bed nets in western kenya. | an initial study of genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum in asembo, western kenya showed that the parasite maintained overall genetic stability 5 years after insecticide-treated bed net (itn) introduction in 1997. this study investigates further the genetic diversity of p. falciparum 10 years after initial itn introduction in the same study area and compares this with two other neighbouring areas, where itns were introduced in 1998 (gem) and 2004 (karemo). | 2015 | 26651480 |
| mapping physiological suitability limits for malaria in africa under climate change. | we mapped current and future temperature suitability for malaria transmission in africa using a published model that incorporates nonlinear physiological responses to temperature of the mosquito vector anopheles gambiae and the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. we found that a larger area of africa currently experiences the ideal temperature for transmission than previously supposed. under future climate projections, we predicted a modest increase in the overall area suitable for malaria t ... | 2015 | 26579951 |
| combination of insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying in northern tanzania provides additional reduction in vector population density and malaria transmission rates compared to insecticide treated nets alone: a randomised control trial. | indoor residual spraying (irs) combined with insecticide treated nets (itn) has been implemented together in several sub-saharan countries with inconclusive evidence that the combined intervention provides added benefit. the impact on malaria transmission was evaluated in a cluster randomised trial comparing two rounds of irs with bendiocarb plus universal coverage itns, with itns alone in northern tanzania. from april 2011 to december 2012, eight houses in 20 clusters per study arm were sampled ... | 2015 | 26569492 |
| plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia and malaria among pregnant women at first clinic visit in the mount cameroon area. | pregnant women in malaria endemic areas are at high risk of p. falciparum infection and its complications. this study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for p. falciparum infection and malaria among pregnant women reporting for first antenatal care (anc) clinic visit in the mount cameroon area. | 2015 | 26494140 |
| genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum isolates from baka pygmies and their bantu neighbours in the north of gabon. | there have been many reports on the population genetic structure of plasmodium falciparum from different endemic regions especially sub-saharan africa. however, few studies have been performed on neglected populations, such as the pygmy populations. in this study, the population genetic structure of p. falciparum was investigated in the baka pygmies of gabon and compared to that observed in neighboring villages composed mostly of bantu farmers. | 2015 | 26450086 |
| spatial patterns of plasmodium falciparum clinical incidence, asymptomatic parasite carriage and anopheles density in two villages in mali. | heterogeneity in malaria exposure is most readily recognized in areas with low-transmission patterns. by comparison, little research has been done on spatial patterns in malaria exposure in high-endemic settings. we determined the spatial clustering of clinical malaria incidence, asymptomatic parasite carriage, and anopheles density in two villages in mali exposed to low- and mesoendemic-malaria transmission. in the two study areas that were < 1 km(2) in size, we observed evidence for spatial cl ... | 2015 | 26324728 |
| the interaction between seasonality and pulsed interventions against malaria in their effects on the reproduction number. | the basic reproduction number (r0) is an important quantity summarising the dynamics of an infectious disease, as it quantifies how much effort is needed to control transmission. the relative change in r0 due to an intervention is referred to as the effect size. however malaria and other diseases are often highly seasonal and some interventions have time-varying effects, meaning that simple reproduction number formulae cannot be used. methods have recently been developed for calculating r0 for d ... | 2015 | 25590612 |
| antibiotics in ingested human blood affect the mosquito microbiota and capacity to transmit malaria. | malaria reduction is most efficiently achieved by vector control whereby human populations at high risk of contracting and transmitting the disease are protected from mosquito bites. here, we identify the presence of antibiotics in the blood of malaria-infected people as a new risk of increasing disease transmission. we show that antibiotics in ingested blood enhance the susceptibility of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to malaria infection by disturbing their gut microbiota. this effect is confirm ... | 2015 | 25562286 |
| antimalarial 4(1h)-pyridones bind to the qi site of cytochrome bc1. | cytochrome bc1 is a proven drug target in the prevention and treatment of malaria. the rise in drug-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum, the organism responsible for malaria, has generated a global effort in designing new classes of drugs. much of the design/redesign work on overcoming this resistance has been focused on compounds that are presumed to bind the q(o) site (one of two potential binding sites within cytochrome bc1 using the known crystal structure of this large membrane-bound ... | 2015 | 25564664 |
| disparities of plasmodium falciparum infection, malaria-related morbidity and access to malaria prevention and treatment among school-aged children: a national cross-sectional survey in côte d'ivoire. | there is limited knowledge on the malaria burden of school-aged children in côte d'ivoire. the aim of this study was to assess plasmodium falciparum infection, malaria-related morbidity, use of preventive measures and treatment against malaria, and physical access to health structures among school-aged children across côte d'ivoire. | 2015 | 25559587 |
| high rates of asymptomatic, sub-microscopic plasmodium vivax infection and disappearing plasmodium falciparum malaria in an area of low transmission in solomon islands. | solomon islands is intensifying national efforts to achieve malaria elimination. a long history of indoor spraying with residual insecticides, combined recently with distribution of long lasting insecticidal nets and artemether-lumefantrine therapy, has been implemented in solomon islands. the impact of these interventions on local endemicity of plasmodium spp. is unknown. | 2015 | 25996619 |
| plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum at the crossroads of exchange among islands in vanuatu: implications for malaria elimination strategies. | understanding the transmission and movement of plasmodium parasites is crucial for malaria elimination and prevention of resurgence. located at the limit of malaria transmission in the pacific, vanuatu is an ideal candidate for elimination programs due to low endemicity and the isolated nature of its island setting. we analyzed the variation in the merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) and the circumsporozoite protein (csp) of p. falciparum and p. vivax populations to examine the patterns of gene f ... | 2015 | 25793260 |
| use of different transmission metrics to describe malaria epidemiology in the highlands of western kenya. | monitoring and evaluation of malaria programmes may require a combination of approaches to detect any effects of control. this is particularly true at lower transmission levels where detecting both infection and exposure to infection will provide additional evidence of any change. this paper describes use of three transmission metrics to explore the malaria epidemiology in the highlands of western kenya. | 2015 | 26502920 |
| chloroquine sensitivity: diminished prevalence of chloroquine-resistant gene marker pfcrt-76 13 years after cessation of chloroquine use in msambweni, kenya. | plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine (cq) denied healthcare providers access to a cheap and effective anti-malarial drug. resistance has been proven to be due to point mutations on the parasite's pfcrt gene, particularly on codon 76, resulting in an amino acid change from lysine to threonine. this study sought to determine the prevalence of the pfcrt k76t mutation 13 years after cq cessation in msambweni, kenya. | 2015 | 26296743 |
| dynamical malaria models reveal how immunity buffers effect of climate variability. | assessing the influence of climate on the incidence of plasmodium falciparum malaria worldwide and how it might impact local malaria dynamics is complex and extrapolation to other settings or future times is controversial. this is especially true in the light of the particularities of the short- and long-term immune responses to infection. in sites of epidemic malaria transmission, it is widely accepted that climate plays an important role in driving malaria outbreaks. however, little is known a ... | 2015 | 26124134 |
| impact of vegetable crop agriculture on anopheline agressivity and malaria transmission in urban and less urbanized settings of the south region of cameroon. | the use of inland valley swamps for vegetable crop agriculture contributes to food security in urban and less urbanized settings in africa. the impact of this agriculture on aggressive mosquitoes' diversity and malaria transmission in central africa is poorly documented. this study is aimed at assessing the impact of vegetable crop agriculture on these entomological parameters in urban and less urbanized settings of the forest area, south of cameroon. | 2015 | 26017900 |
| molecular epidemiology and seroprevalence in asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum infections of malagasy pregnant women in the highlands. | malaria epidemiology in madagascar is classified into four different areas, ranging from unstable seasonal transmission in the highlands to hyperendemic perennial transmission areas in the costal level. most malaria studies in madagascar are focused on symptomatic children. however, because of the low transmission in some areas with correspondingly low level of semi-immunity, adults are also at risk, in particular pregnant women. the objective of this study was to gain information on the genetic ... | 2015 | 25935753 |
| parasites and vectors of malaria on rusinga island, western kenya. | there is a dearth of information on malaria endemicity in the islands of lake victoria in western kenya. in this study malaria prevalence and plasmodium sporozoite rates on rusinga island were investigated. the contribution of different anopheles species to indoor and outdoor transmission of malaria was also determined. | 2015 | 25928743 |
| early biting and insecticide resistance in the malaria vector anopheles might compromise the effectiveness of vector control intervention in southwestern uganda. | southwestern uganda has high malaria heterogeneity despite moderate vector control and other interventions. moreover, the early biting transmission and increased resistance to insecticides might compromise strategies relying on vector control. consequently, monitoring of vector behaviour and insecticide efficacy is needed to assess the effectiveness of strategies aiming at malaria control. this eventually led to an entomological survey in two villages with high malaria prevalence in this region. | 2015 | 25879539 |
| distribution of plasmodium falciparum gametocytes and malaria-attributable fraction of fever episodes along an altitudinal transect in western cameroon. | highland areas are hypoendemic zones of malaria and are therefore prone to epidemics, due to lack of protective immunity. so far, cameroon has not succeeded in implementing a convenient and effective method to detect, prevent and forecast malaria epidemic in these peculiar zones. this monitoring and evaluation study aims to assess the operational feasibility of using the human malaria infectious reservoir (hmir) and the malaria-attributable fraction of fever episodes (mafe) as indicators, in des ... | 2015 | 25889511 |