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structural and expressional variation analyses of mitochondrial genomes reveal candidate transcripts for the s(v) cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). 201323969253
genetic basis for spontaneous hybrid genome doubling during allopolyploid speciation of common wheat shown by natural variation analyses of the paternal species.the complex process of allopolyploid speciation includes various mechanisms ranging from species crosses and hybrid genome doubling to genome alterations and the establishment of new allopolyploids as persisting natural entities. currently, little is known about the genetic mechanisms that underlie hybrid genome doubling, despite the fact that natural allopolyploid formation is highly dependent on this phenomenon. we examined the genetic basis for the spontaneous genome doubling of triploid f1 h ...201323950867
antibiosis and non-preference of sitobion avenae (f.) (hemiptera: aphididae) on leaves and ears of commercial cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum).little is known on the resistance of wheat cultivars to sitobion avenae (f.) in brazil. the goal of this work was to assess the behavior and biology of s. avenae on four commercial wheat cultivars to verify the existence of resistance by antibiosis in leaves and ears and non-preference in the ears. the smallest net fecundity rates of s. avenae in wheat leaves have been found in the cultivars embrapa 22 and brs264, which did not differ between themselves. the intrinsic rate of increase of s. aven ...201323949814
alterations and abnormal mitosis of wheat chromosomes induced by wheat-rye monosomic addition lines.wheat-rye addition lines are an old topic. however, the alterations and abnormal mitotic behaviours of wheat chromosomes caused by wheat-rye monosomic addition lines are seldom reported.201323936213
pharmacognostic standardization, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the seeds of triticum aestivum l - a dietary staple.to establish the quality standards of triticum aestivum l, seeds as per who guidelines. to study the antioxidant and hepatoprotective profile of t. aestivum l. seeds.201324023455
salicylic acid alleviates adverse effects of heat stress on photosynthesis through changes in proline production and ethylene formation.we investigated the potential of salicylic acid (sa) in alleviating the adverse effects of heat stress on photosynthesis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv wh 711. activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco), photosynthetic-nitrogen use efficiency (nue), and net photosynthesis decreased in plants subjected to heat stress (40 °c for 6 h), but proline metabolism increased. sa treatment (0.5 mm) alleviated heat stress by increasing proline production through the increase in γ-glutam ...201324022274
wheat seedling emergence from deep planting depths and its relationship with coleoptile length.successful stand establishment is prerequisite for optimum crop yields. in some low-precipitation zones, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is planted as deep as 200 mm below the soil surface to reach adequate soil moisture for germination. to better understand the relationship of coleoptile length and other seed characteristics with emergence from deep planting (edp), we evaluated 662 wheat cultivars grown around the world since the beginning of the 20(th) century. coleoptile length of collection ent ...201324019916
increased genomic prediction accuracy in wheat breeding through spatial adjustment of field trial data.in crop breeding, the interest of predicting the performance of candidate cultivars in the field has increased due to recent advances in molecular breeding technologies. however, the complexity of the wheat genome presents some challenges for applying new technologies in molecular marker identification with next-generation sequencing. we applied genotyping-by-sequencing, a recently developed method to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms, in the genomes of 384 wheat (triticum aestivum) genot ...201324082033
increasing the starch content and grain weight of common wheat by overexpression of the cytosolic agpase large subunit gene.adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase) catalyzes the first committed step of starch synthesis. agpase is a heterotetramer composed of two large subunits and two small subunits, has cytosolic and plastidial isoforms, and is detected mainly in the cytosol of endosperm in cereal crops. to investigate the effects of agpase cytosolic large subunit gene (lsu i) on starch biosynthesis in higher plant, in this study, a talsu i gene from wheat was overexpressed under the control of an endosperm-specific ...201324080395
analysis of expression profiles of selected genes associated with the regenerative property and the receptivity to gene transfer during somatic embryogenesis in triticum aestivum l.the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms regulating the initiation of a regenerative pathway remain partially unknown. efforts to identify the biological features that confer transformation ability, or the tendency of some cells to induce transgene silencing, would help to improve plant genetic engineering. the objective of our study was to monitor the evolution of plant cell competencies in relation to both in vitro tissue culture regeneration and the genetic transformation prope ...201324078158
proteomic analysis of leaves and roots of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under copper-stress conditions.proteomic studies were performed to identify the protein species involved in copper (cu) stress responses in common wheat. two-week-old wheat seedlings were exposed to 100 μm cuso4 treatment for 3 days. growth of shoots and roots was markedly inhibited and lipid peroxidation was greatly increased. cu was readily absorbed by wheat seedlings, with greater cu contents in roots than in leaves. using 2-de method, 98 protein spots showed significantly enhanced or reduced abundance, of which 93 were su ...201324074260
structural analysis of the wheat genes encoding nadh-dependent glutamine-2-oxoglutarate amidotransferases and correlation with grain protein content.nitrogen uptake and the efficient absorption and metabolism of nitrogen are essential elements in attempts to breed improved cereal cultivars for grain or silage production. one of the enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism is glutamine-2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase (gogat). together with glutamine synthetase (gs), gogat maintains the flow of nitrogen from nh4 (+) into glutamine and glutamate, which are then used for several aminotransferase reactions during amino acid synthesis.201324069228
durum wheat and allelopathy: toward wheat breeding for natural weed management.wheat-derived foodstuffs represent about one-fifth of the calories consumed by humans worldwide. bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important crops throughout the world, and it has been extensively studied for its allelopathic potential. in contrast, for allelopathy in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum), our knowledge is partial and fragmentary. through highlighting recent advances in using allelopathy as a crop-breeding tool, we provide an overview of allelopathy in t ...201324065979
hands: a tool for genome-wide discovery of subgenome-specific base-identity in polyploids.the analysis of polyploid genomes is problematic because homeologous subgenome sequences are closely related. this relatedness makes it difficult to assign individual sequences to the specific subgenome from which they are derived, and hinders the development of polyploid whole genome assemblies.201324063258
silencing of the sulfur rich α-gliadin storage protein family in wheat grains (triticum aestivum l.) causes no unintended side-effects on other metabolites.wheat is an important source of proteins and metabolites for human and animal nutrition. to assess the nutritional quality of wheat products, various protein and diverse metabolites have to be evaluated. the grain storage protein family of the α-gliadins are suggested to be the primary initiator of the inflammatory response to gluten in celiac disease patients. with the technique of rnai, the α-gliadin storage protein fraction in wheat grains was recently knocked down. from a patient's perspecti ...201324062763
development-associated micrornas in grains of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).micrornas (mirnas) are a class of regulatory small rnas (srnas) that down-regulate target genes by mrna degradation or translational repression. numerous plant mirnas have been identified. evidence is increasing for their crucial roles during plant development. in the globally important crop of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the process by which grains are formed determines yield and end-use quality. however, little is known about mirna-mediated developmental regulation of grain production. here, ...201324060047
structural development of aleurone and its function in common wheat.the wheat aleurone is formed from surface endosperm cells, and its developmental status reflects its biogenesis, structural characteristics, and physiological functions. in this report, wheat caryopses at different development stages were embedded in spurr's low-viscosity embedding medium for observation of the development of aleurone cells (acs) by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. according to their structures and physiological character ...201324057188
a multi-environmental study of recent breeding progress on nitrogen use efficiency in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).by comparing 195 varieties in eight trials, this study assesses nitrogen use efficiency improvement in high and low nitrogen conditions in european winter wheat over the last 25 years. in a context where european agriculture practices have to deal with environmental concerns and nitrogen (n) fertiliser cost, nitrogen use efficiency (nue) has to be improved. this study assessed genetic progress in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) nue. two hundred and twenty-five european elite varieties were t ...201324057081
proteome analysis of cold response in spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum) crowns reveals similarities in stress adaptation and differences in regulatory processes between the growth habits.a proteomic response to cold treatment (4 °c) has been studied in crowns of a frost-tolerant winter wheat cultivar samanta and a frost-sensitive spring wheat cultivar sandra after short-term (3 days) and long-term (21 days) cold treatments. densitometric analysis of 2-d differential in gel electrophoresis (2d-dige) gels has resulted in the detection of 386 differentially abundant protein spots, which reveal at least a two-fold change between experimental variants. of these, 58 representative pro ...201324047233
integration of promoters, inverted repeat sequences and proteomic data into a model for high silencing efficiency of coeliac disease related gliadins in bread wheat.wheat gluten has unique nutritional and technological characteristics, but is also a major trigger of allergies and intolerances. one of the most severe diseases caused by gluten is coeliac disease. the peptides produced in the digestive tract by the incomplete digestion of gluten proteins trigger the disease. the majority of the epitopes responsible reside in the gliadin fraction of gluten. the location of the multiple gliadin genes in blocks has to date complicated their elimination by classic ...201324044767
over-expression of a tobacco nitrate reductase gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) increases seed protein content and weight without augmenting nitrogen supplying.heavy nitrogen (n) application to gain higher yield of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) resulted in increased production cost and environment pollution. how to diminish the n supply without losing yield and/or quality remains a challenge. to meet the challenge, we integrated and expressed a tobacco nitrate reductase gene (nr) in transgenic wheat. the 35s-nr gene was transferred into two winter cultivars, "nongda146" and "jimai6358", by agrobacterium-mediation. over-expression of the transgene remark ...201324040315
vernalization requirement duration in winter wheat is controlled by tavrn-a1 at the protein level.winter wheat requires a period of low temperatures to accelerate flowering (vernalization). this requirement could make winter wheat more vulnerable to elevated global temperature via insufficient vernalization. all known vernalization genes are cloned according to qualitative variation in vernalization requirement between spring and winter wheat, but the genes controlling quantitative variation for more or less vernalization requirement among winter wheat cultivars remain unknown. we report her ...201324033823
a review of the occurrence of grain softness protein-1 genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).grain softness protein-1 (gsp-1) is a small, 495-bp intronless gene found throughout the triticeae tribe at the distal end of group 5 chromosomes. with the puroindolines, it constitutes a key component of the hardness locus. gsp-1 likely plays little role in grain hardness, but has direct interest due to its utility in phylogeny and its role in arabinogalactan peptides. further role(s) remain to be identified. in the polyploid wheats, triticum aestivum and t. turgidum, the gene is present in a h ...201323904183
molecular, physicochemical and rheological characteristics of introgressive triticale/triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum lines with wheat 1d/1a chromosome substitution.three sets of hexaploid introgressive triticale lines, with triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum (cultivated einkorn wheat) genes and a bread wheat chromosome 1d substituted for chromosome 1a, and one set of secondary triticale lines were evaluated for grain and flour physicochemical and dough rheological characteristics in two generations (f7 and f8). genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) confirmed the 1d/1a chromosome substitution. the presence or ab ...201323896593
investigating the role of respiration in plant salinity tolerance by analyzing mitochondrial proteomes from wheat and a salinity-tolerant amphiploid (wheat × lophopyrum elongatum).the effect of salinity on mitochondrial properties was investigated by comparing the reference wheat variety chinese spring (cs) to a salt-tolerant amphiploid (amp). the octoploid amp genotype was previously generated by combining hexaploid bread wheat (cs) with the diploid wild wheatgrass adapted to salt marshes, lophopyrum elongatum. here we used a combination of physiological, biochemical, and proteomic analyses to explore the mitochondrial and respiratory response to salinity in these two ge ...201323895732
gametocidal chromosomes enhancing chromosome aberration in common wheat induced by 5-azacytidine.the gametocidal (gc) chromosome from aegilops spp induces chromosome mutation, which is introduced into common wheat as a tool of chromosome manipulation for genetic improvement. the gc chromosome functions similar to a restriction-modification system in bacteria, in which dna methylation is an important regulator. we treated root tips of wheat carrying gc chromosomes with the hypomethylation agent 5-azacytidine; chromosome breakage and micronuclei were observed in these root tips. the frequency ...201323884766
association study of wheat grain protein composition reveals that gliadin and glutenin composition are trans-regulated by different chromosome regions.wheat grain storage protein (gsp) content and composition are the main determinants of the end-use value of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain. the accumulation of glutenins and gliadins, the two main classes of gsp in wheat, is believed to be mainly controlled at the transcriptional level through a network of transcription factors. this regulation network could lead to stable cross-environment allometric scaling relationships between the quantity of gsp classes/subunits and the total quan ...201323881399
rna interference suppression of genes in glycosyl transferase families 43 and 47 in wheat starchy endosperm causes large decreases in arabinoxylan content.the cell walls of wheat (triticum aestivum) starchy endosperm are dominated by arabinoxylan (ax), accounting for 65% to 70% of the polysaccharide content. genes within two glycosyl transferase (gt) families, gt43 (irregular xylem9 [irx9] and irx14) and gt47 (irx10), have previously been shown to be involved in the synthesis of the xylan backbone in arabidopsis, and close homologs of these have been implicated in the synthesis of xylan in other species. here, homologs of irx10 tagt47_2 and irx9 t ...201323878080
quantification of the effects of vrn1 and ppd-d1 to predict spring wheat (triticum aestivum) heading time across diverse environments.heading time is a major determinant of the adaptation of wheat to different environments, and is critical in minimizing risks of frost, heat, and drought on reproductive development. given that major developmental genes are known in wheat, a process-based model, apsim, was modified to incorporate gene effects into estimation of heading time, while minimizing degradation in the predictive capability of the model. model parameters describing environment responses were replaced with functions of th ...201323873997
homoeologous relationship of rye chromosome arms as detected with wheat plug markers.based on the similarity in gene structure between rice and wheat, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based landmark unique gene (plug) system enabled us to design primer sets that amplify wheat genic sequences including introns. from the previously reported wheat plug markers, we chose 144 markers that are distributed on different chromosomes and in known chromosomal regions (bins) to obtain rye-specific pcr-based markers. we conducted pcr with the 144 primer sets and the template of the imperi ...201323873186
nitric oxide mediates alginate oligosaccharides-induced root development in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).alginate oligosaccharides (aos), which are marine oligosaccharides, are involved in regulating plant root growth, but the promotion mechanism for aos remains unclear. here, aos (10-80 mg l(-1)) were found to induce the generation of nitric oxide (no) in the root system of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), which promoted the formation and elongation of wheat roots in a dose-dependent manner. no inhibitors suggested that nitrate reductase (nr), rather than nitric oxide synthase (nos), was essential fo ...201323872742
projected climate impacts to south african maize and wheat production in 2055: a comparison of empirical and mechanistic modeling approaches.crop model-specific biases are a key uncertainty affecting our understanding of climate change impacts to agriculture. there is increasing research focus on intermodel variation, but comparisons between mechanistic (mms) and empirical models (ems) are rare despite both being used widely in this field. we combined mms and ems to project future (2055) changes in the potential distribution (suitability) and productivity of maize and spring wheat in south africa under 18 downscaled climate scenarios ...201323864352
introgression of stem rust resistance genes srta10187 and srta10171 from aegilops tauschii to wheat.aegilops tauschii, the diploid progenitor of the wheat d genome, is a readily accessible germplasm pool for wheat breeding as genes can be transferred to elite wheat cultivars through direct hybridization followed by backcrossing. gene transfer and genetic mapping can be integrated by developing mapping populations during backcrossing. using direct crossing, two genes for resistance to the african stem rust fungus race ttksk (ug99), were transferred from the ae. tauschii accessions ta10187 and t ...201323864229
effect of glu-b3 allelic variation on sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) sedimentation volume has long been used to characterize wheat flours and meals with the aim of predicting processing and end-product qualities. in order to survey the influence of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gss) at glu-b3 locus on wheat sds sedimentation volume, a total of 283 wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties including landraces and improved and introduced cultivars were analyzed using 10 allele-specific pcr markers at the glu-b3 locus. the hig ...201323861659
photosynthetic electron transport and specific photoprotective responses in wheat leaves under drought stress.the photosynthetic responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves to different levels of drought stress were analyzed in potted plants cultivated in growth chamber under moderate light. low-to-medium drought stress was induced by limiting irrigation, maintaining 20 % of soil water holding capacity for 14 days followed by 3 days without water supply to induce severe stress. measurements of co2 exchange and photosystem ii (psii) yield (by chlorophyll fluorescence) were followed by simultaneous m ...201323860828
genome-wide analysis of short interspersed nuclear elements sines revealed high sequence conservation, gene association and retrotranspositional activity in wheat.short interspersed nuclear elements (sines) are non-autonomous non-ltr retroelements that are present in most eukaryotic species. while sines have been intensively investigated in humans and other animal systems, they are poorly studied in plants, especially in wheat (triticum aestivum). we used quantitative pcr of various wheat species to determine the copy number of a wheat sine family, termed au sine, combined with computer-assisted analyses of the publicly available 454 pyrosequencing databa ...201323855320
structure, variation and expression analysis of glutenin gene promoters from triticum aestivum cultivar chinese spring shows the distal region of promoter 1bx7 is key regulatory sequence.in this study, ten glutenin gene promoters were isolated from model wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chinese spring) using a genomic pcr strategy with gene-specific primers. six belonged to high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) gene promoters, and four to low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs). sequence lengths varied from 1361 to 2,554 bp. we show that the glutenin gene promoter motifs are conserved in diverse sequences in this study, with hmw-gs and lmw-gs gene promoters chara ...201323850729
evaluation of germplasm effect on fe, zn and se content in wheat seedlings.micronutrients are essential for human health and crucial for plant survival. the capacity of food crops in acquiring mineral nutrients affects plant growth and potentially the yield and nutrient content in edible tissues/organs. in this study, we selected 20 wheat (triticum aestivum l.) accessions and evaluated genotypic variations of the young seedlings in response to iron (fe), zinc (zn), and selenium (se) treatments. wheat accessions exhibited different growth responses to these minerals and ...201323849127
competition between plant and bacterial cells at the microscale regulates the dynamics of nitrogen acquisition in wheat (triticum aestivum).the ability of plants to compete effectively for nitrogen (n) resources is critical to plant survival. however, controversy surrounds the importance of organic and inorganic sources of n in plant nutrition because of our poor ability to visualize and understand processes happening at the root-microbial-soil interface. using high-resolution nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry stable isotope imaging (nanosims-sii), we quantified the fate of ¹⁵n over both space and time within the rhizospher ...201323845035
overexpression of avenin-like b proteins in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) improves dough mixing properties by their incorporation into glutenin polymers.avenin-like b proteins are a small family of wheat storage proteins, each containing 18 or 19 cysteine residues. the role of these proteins, with high numbers of cysteine residues, in determining the functional properties of wheat flour is unclear. in the present study, two transgenic lines of the bread wheat overexpressing avenin-like b gene were generated to investigate the effects of avenin-like b proteins on dough mixing properties. sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation (sdss) test and mixogr ...201323843964
a proteomic study of spike development inhibition in bread wheat.spike development in wheat is a complicated development process and determines the wheat propagation and survival. we report herein a proteomic study on the bread wheat mutant strain 5660m underlying spike development inhibition. a total of 121 differentially expressed proteins, which were involved in cold stress response, protein folding and assembly, cell-cycle regulation, scavenging of ros, and the autonomous pathway were identified using ms/ms and database searching. we found that cold respo ...201323843164
microspore embryogenesis in wheat: new marker genes for early, middle and late stages of embryo development.microspore embryogenesis involves reprogramming of the pollen immature cell towards embryogenesis. we have identified and characterized a collection of 14 genes induced along different morphological phases of microspore-derived embryo development in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) anther culture. serks and flas genes previously associated with somatic embryogenesis and reproductive tissues, respectively, were also included in this analysis. genes involved in signalling mechanisms such as tatpd1-lik ...201323839308
retrotransposon insertional polymorphism in iranian bread wheat cultivars and breeding lines revealed by irap and remap markers.inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphisms (iraps) and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphisms (remaps) were used to detect retrotransposon integration events and genetic diversity in 101 iranian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars and breeding lines. the 9 irap primers amplified 128 loci, and 20 remap primers amplified 263 loci. percentage of polymorphic loci, average expected heterozygosity, number of effective alleles, and shannon's information index for the remap m ...201323839088
molecular characterization of field resistance to fusarium head blight in two us soft red winter wheat cultivars.in the soft red winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) regions of the us, fusarium head blight (fhb, caused by fusarium spp.) resistance derived from locally adapted germplasm has been used predominantly. two soft red winter wheat cultivars, massey and ernie, have moderate resistance to fhb. mapping populations derived from becker/massey (b/m) and ernie/mo 94-317 (e/mo) were evaluated for fhb resistance and other traits in multiple environments. eight qtl in b/m and five qtl in e/mo were associated ...201323832049
effects of vanadate supply on plant growth, cu accumulation, and antioxidant capacities in triticum aestivum l.the effects of normal vanadate (v) supply (40 μm) on copper (cu) accumulation, plant growth and reduction in cu toxicity in wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated. the results showed cu accumulation (mg g(-1 )dw) in the applied v treatment was about 10.2 % in shoots and 16.7 % in roots higher up on exposure to excess cu (300 μm) than that observed only in excess cu plants. compared with the treatment of the normal concentration used in hoagland's culture solution cu (0.6 μm), e ...201323824494
a rapid, controlled-environment seedling root screen for wheat correlates well with rooting depths at vegetative, but not reproductive, stages at two field sites.root length and depth determine capture of water and nutrients by plants, and are targets for crop improvement. here we assess a controlled-environment wheat seedling screen to determine speed, repeatability and relatedness to performance of young and adult plants in the field.201323821620
cloning and characterization of a critical regulator for preharvest sprouting in wheat.sprouting of grains in mature spikes before harvest is a major problem in wheat (triticum aestivum) production worldwide. we cloned and characterized a gene underlying a wheat quantitative trait locus (qtl) on the short arm of chromosome 3a for preharvest sprouting (phs) resistance in white wheat using comparative mapping and map-based cloning. this gene, designated taphs1, is a wheat homolog of a mother of flowering time (tamft)-like gene. rna interference-mediated knockdown of the gene confirm ...201323821595
dynamic changes of rhizosphere properties and antioxidant enzyme responses of wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.) grown in mercury-contaminated soils.a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the dynamic changes in the rhizosphere properties and antioxidant enzyme responses of wheat plants (triticum aestivum l.) grown in three levels of hg-contaminated soils. the concentrations of soluble hg and dissolved organic carbon (doc) in the rhizosphere soil solutions of the wheat plants were characterised by the sequence before sowing>trefoil stage>stooling stage, whereas the soil solution ph was found to follow an opposite distribution pattern. ...201323800584
separating homeologs by phasing in the tetraploid wheat transcriptome.the high level of identity among duplicated homoeologous genomes in tetraploid pasta wheat presents substantial challenges for de novo transcriptome assembly. to solve this problem, we develop a specialized bioinformatics workflow that optimizes transcriptome assembly and separation of merged homoeologs. to evaluate our strategy, we sequence and assemble the transcriptome of one of the diploid ancestors of pasta wheat, and compare both assemblies with a benchmark set of 13,472 full-length, non-r ...201323800085
the barley mate gene, hvaact1, increases citrate efflux and al(3+) tolerance when expressed in wheat and barley.aluminium is toxic in acid soils because the soluble al(3+) inhibits root growth. a mechanism of al(3+) tolerance discovered in many plant species involves the release of organic anions from root apices. the al(3+)-activated release of citrate from the root apices of al(3+)-tolerant genotypes of barley is controlled by a mate gene named hvaact1 that encodes a citrate transport protein located on the plasma membrane. the aim of this study was to investigate whether expressing hvaact1 with a const ...201323798600
quantitative trait loci for leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in relation to biomass and yield in bread wheat and their chromosome deletion bin assignments.relatively little is known of the genetic control of chlorophyll fluorescence (cf) and pigment traits important in determining efficiency of photosynthesis in wheat and its association with biomass productivity. a doubled haploid population of 94 lines from the wheat cross chinese spring × sq1 was trialled under optimum glasshouse conditions for 4 years to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) for cf traits including, for the first time in wheat, jip-test parameters per excited cross section (c ...201323794940
pm50: a new powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat derived from cultivated emmer.fungal diseases of wheat, including powdery mildew, cause significant crop, yield and quality losses throughout the world. knowledge of the genetic basis of powdery mildew resistance will greatly support future efforts to develop and cultivate resistant cultivars. studies were conducted on cultivated emmer-derived wheat line k2 to identify genes involved in powdery mildew resistance at the seedling and adult plant growth stages using a bc(1) doubled haploid population derived from a cross betwee ...201323794194
wheat genotypes differing in aluminum tolerance differ in their growth response to co2 enrichment in acid soils.aluminum (al) toxicity is a major factor limiting plant growth in acid soils. elevated atmospheric co2 [co2] enhances plant growth. however, there is no report on the effect of elevated [co2] on growth of plant genotypes differing in al tolerance grown in acid soils. we investigated the effect of short-term elevated [co2] on growth of al-tolerant (et8) and al-sensitive (es8) wheat plants and malate exudation from root apices by growing them in acid soils under ambient [co2] and elevated [co2] us ...201323789057
single-nucleotide polymorphisms and association analysis of drought-resistance gene tasnrk2.8 in common wheat.tasnrk2.8, an snrk2 (sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase 2) member of wheat, confers enhanced multi-stress tolerances in carbohydrate metabolism. in the study, two types of genomic sequences of tasnrk2.8 were detected in common wheat. sequencing analysis showed that there was a variation-enriched region, designated tasnrk2.8-a-c, covering the eighth intron, the ninth exon and the 3'-flanking region of tasnrk2.8-a, and no divergence occurred in tasnrk2.8-b. single nucleotide polymorphis ...201323774379
drought tolerance in modern and wild wheat.the genus triticum includes bread (triticum aestivum) and durum wheat (triticum durum) and constitutes a major source for human food consumption. drought is currently the leading threat on world's food supply, limiting crop yield, and is complicated since drought tolerance is a quantitative trait with a complex phenotype affected by the plant's developmental stage. drought tolerance is crucial to stabilize and increase food production since domestication has limited the genetic diversity of crop ...201323766697
major quality trait analysis and qtl detection in hexaploid wheat in humid rain-fed agriculture.humid rain-fed agriculture is a special environment for wheat (triticum aestivum) culture that tends to negatively affect wheat yield and quality. to identify quality characters of wheat in a humid environment, we conducted quality analysis and quantitative trait loci (qtl) detection in a recombinant inbred line whose parent had a high level of quality for several years. we found that high-quality wheat had less gluten content and lower protein content. apparently, wheat quality and associated q ...201323765980
antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of wheat bran in vivo.previous studies in rodents treated with the pro-carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine suggested that the consumption of wheat bran protected against dna damage in the colon and rectum. based on this information, we evaluated wheat bran as a functional food in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer. we used the aberrant crypt focus assay to evaluate the anticarcinogenic potential of wheat bran (triticum aestivum variety cd-104), the comet assay to evaluate its antigenotoxicity potential, and th ...201323765971
pcr and sequence analysis of barley chromosome 2h subjected to the gametocidal action of chromosome 2c.gametocidal (gc) chromosomes induce various types of chromosomal mutations during gametogenesis in the chromosomes of common wheat and alien chromosomes added to common wheat. however, it is not yet known whether the gc chromosome causes aberrations at the nucleotide level because mutations caused by gc chromosomes have been studied only by cytological screening. in order to know whether the gc chromosome induces point mutations, we conducted pcr analysis and sequencing with the progeny of a com ...201323765160
a wheat wrky transcription factor tawrky10 confers tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in transgenic tobacco.wrky transcription factors are reported to be involved in defense regulation, stress response and plant growth and development. however, the precise role of wrky transcription factors in abiotic stress tolerance is not completely understood, especially in crops. in this study, we identified and cloned 10 wrky genes from genome of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). tawrky10, a gene induced by multiple stresses, was selected for further investigation. tawrky10 was upregulated by treatment with polyethy ...201323762295
alteration in ps ii heterogeneity under the influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (fluoranthene) in wheat leaves (triticum aestivum).polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene causes significant inhibitory effects on photosynthetic processes, particularly photosystem ii. ps ii exhibits heterogeneity with regards to antenna size, connectivity and ability to transfer electron beyond qa. this is the first report describing effects of flt on ps ii heterogeneity. flt affects antenna heterogeneity by converting active α center into inactive β and γ centers. at the same time in the presence of flt number of qb-non reducing center ...201323759103
[characterization of puroindolines in the control of endosperm texture in common wheat lines with substitutions of homeologous group-5 chromosomes].the genetic control of grain hardness and its association with the specific friabilin content on starch granules of common wheat cultivars and lines with intervarietal substitutions of homeologous group-5 chromosomes were studied. a significant correlation was revealed between the technological parameters of grain hardness (mean size of flour particles) and the specific content of puroindolines on the starch surface estimated in terms of starch doses. the results obtained allowed the method of s ...201323755533
the origin of the b-genome of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).understanding the origin of cultivated wheats would further their genetic improvement. the hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l., aabbdd) is believed to have originated through one or more rare hybridization events between aegilops tauschii (dd) and the tetraploid t. turgidum (aabb). progenitor of the a-genome of the tetraploid and hexaploid wheats has generally been accepted to be t. urartu. in spite of the large number of attempts and published reports about the origin of the b-genome in ...201323755530
integrated analysis of seed proteome and mrna oxidation reveals distinct post-transcriptional features regulating dormancy in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).wheat seeds can be released from a dormant state by after-ripening; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still mostly unknown. we previously identified transcriptional programmes involved in the regulation of after-ripening-mediated seed dormancy decay in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). here, we show that seed dormancy maintenance and its release by dry after-ripening in wheat is associated with oxidative modification of distinct seed-stored mrnas that mainly correspond to oxidative ph ...201323745731
[clarification of rht8 and ppd-d1 gene linkage on the 2d chromosome of winter bread wheat].in the south part of ukraine the haplotype of rht8c and ppd-d1a genes is highly distributed among modern bread wheat varieties. during the time of breeding program it has been selected as one of the most important adaptive complex for plants of this region. genetic distance between rht8c and ppd-d1a was clarified.201323745359
fructan metabolism in developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) kernels.although fructans play a crucial role in wheat kernel development, their metabolism during kernel maturation is far from being understood. in this study, all major fructan-metabolizing enzymes together with fructan content, fructan degree of polymerization and the presence of fructan oligosaccharides were examined in developing wheat kernels (triticum aestivum l. var. homeros) from anthesis until maturity. fructan accumulation occurred mainly in the first 2 weeks after anthesis, and a maximal fr ...201324104051
evaluation of four endogenous reference genes and their real-time pcr assays for common wheat quantification in gmos detection.proper selection of endogenous reference genes and their real-time pcr assays is quite important in genetically modified organisms (gmos) detection. to find a suitable endogenous reference gene and its real-time pcr assay for common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) dna content or copy number quantification, four previously reported wheat endogenous reference genes and their real-time pcr assays were comprehensively evaluated for the target gene sequence variation and their real-time pcr performance ...201324098735
haplotype variation of glu-d1 locus and the origin of glu-d1d allele conferring superior end-use qualities in common wheat.in higher plants, seed storage proteins (ssps) are frequently expressed from complex gene families, and allelic variation of ssp genes often affects the quality traits of crops. in common wheat, the glu-d1 locus, encoding 1dx and 1dy ssps, has multiple alleles. the glu-d1d allele frequently confers superior end-use qualities to commercial wheat varieties. here, we studied the haplotype structure of glu-d1 genomic region and the origin of glu-d1d. using seven diagnostic dna markers, 12 glu-d1 hap ...201324098671
two wheat glutathione peroxidase genes whose products are located in chloroplasts improve salt and h2o2 tolerances in arabidopsis.oxidative stress caused by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) is capable of damaging effects on numerous cellular components. glutathione peroxidases (gpxs, ec 1.11.1.9) are key enzymes of the antioxidant network in plants. in this study, w69 and w106, two putative gpx genes, were obtained by de novo transcriptome sequencing of salt-treated wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings. the purified his-tag fusion proteins of w69 and w106 reduced h2o2 and t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-bhp) using glu ...201324098330
dynamic evolution of rht-1 homologous regions in grass genomes.hexaploid bread wheat contains a, b, and d three subgenomes with its well-characterized ancestral genomes existed at diploid and tetraploid levels, making the wheat act as a good model species for studying evolutionary genomic dynamics. here, we performed intra- and inter-species comparative analyses of wheat and related grass genomes to examine the dynamics of homologous regions surrounding rht-1, a well-known "green revolution" gene. our results showed that the divergence of the two a genomes ...201324086561
rna-guided genome editing for target gene mutations in wheat.the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (crispr) and crispr-associated protein (cas) system has been used as an efficient tool for genome editing. we report the application of crispr-cas-mediated genome editing to wheat (triticum aestivum), the most important food crop plant with a very large and complex genome. the mutations were targeted in the inositol oxygenase (inox) and phytoene desaturase (pds) genes using cell suspension culture of wheat and in the pds gene in lea ...201324122057
gene identification programs in bread wheat: a comparison study.seven ab initio web-based gene prediction programs (i.e., augustus, bgf, fgenesh, fgenesh+, geneid, genemark.hmm, and hmmgene) were assessed to compare their prediction accuracy using protein-coding sequences of bread wheat. at both nucleotide and exon levels, fgenesh+ was deduced as the superior program and bgf followed by fgenesh were resided in the next positions, respectively. conversely, at gene level, fgenesh with the value of predicting more than 75% of all the genes precisely, concluded ...201324124688
polymorphic homoeolog of key gene of rddm pathway, argonaute4_9 class is associated with pre-harvest sprouting in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (phs) is an important objective for the genetic improvement of many cereal crops, including wheat. resistance, or susceptibility, to phs is mainly influenced by seed dormancy, a complex trait. reduced seed dormancy is the most important aspect of seed germination on a spike prior to harvesting, but it is influenced by various environmental factors including light, temperature and abiotic stresses. the basic genetic framework of seed dormancy depends on the ant ...201324130825
genetic structure of argentinean hexaploid wheat germplasm.the identification of genetically homogeneous groups of individuals is an ancient issue in population genetics and in the case of crops like wheat, it can be valuable information for breeding programs, genetic mapping and germplasm resources. in this work we determined the genetic structure of a set of 102 argentinean bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) elite cultivars using 38 biochemical and molecular markers (functional, closely linked to genes and neutral ones) distributed throughout 18 wheat ...201324130447
genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a new fertility restorer gene rf8 for triticum timopheevi cytoplasm in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using ssr markers.a study on mode of inheritance and mapping of fertility restorer (rf) gene(s) using simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers was conducted in a cross of male sterile line 2041a having triticum timopheevi cytoplasm and a restorer line pwr4099 of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the f1 hybrid was completely fertile indicating that fertility restoration is a dominant trait. based on the pollen fertility and seed set of bagged spikes in f2 generation, the individual plants were classified into ferti ...201324129675
liquid chromatography-diode array detection to study the metabolism of glufosinate in triticum aestivum t-590 and influence of the genetic modification on its resistance.the resistance to glufosinate of two lines-genetically modified (gm) and unmodified (t-590 and t-549, respectively)-of triticum aestivum has been studied. in the gm line, the bar gene was introduced to increase the resistance to glufosinate. experiments in a controlled growth chamber showed that line t-590 presented a high resistance to glufosinate with an ed50 value of 478.59 g active ingredient per hectare (g ai ha(-1)) versus 32.65 g ai ha(-1) for line t-549. the activity of glutamine synthet ...201324189348
molecular characterization of vernalization and response genes in bread wheat from the yellow and huai valley of china.flowering time greatly influences the adaptation of wheat cultivars to diverse environmental conditions and is mainly controlled by vernalization and photoperiod genes. in wheat cultivars from the yellow and huai valleys, which represent 60%-70% of the total wheat production in china, the large-scale genotyping of wheat germplasms has not yet been performed in terms of vernalization and photoperiod response alleles, limiting the use of chinese wheat germplasms to a certain extent.201324314021
the effect of fluorine atom on the synthesis and composition of gametocidal ethyl oxanilates.three derivatives of ethyl oxanilate were synthesized in order to test their application as gametocides on the hermaphrodite plants like common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). a substituent at para position (f, br, cn) of aniline defined its reactivity towards diethyl oxalate 2. classical reaction in toluene was not selective and amidation occurred also at the second carbonyl groups of 2. alternative synthesis under solvent-free conditions with application of low pressure for removal of etoh provi ...201324169710
the interactive effects of transgenically overexpressed 1ax1 with various hmw-gs combinations on dough quality by introgression of exogenous subunits into an elite chinese wheat variety.seed storage proteins in wheat endosperm, particularly high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs), are primary determinants of dough properties, and affect both end-use quality and grain utilization of wheat (triticum aestivum l). in order to investigate the interactive effects between the transgenically overexpressed 1ax1 subunit with different hmw-gs on dough quality traits, we developed a set of 8 introgression lines (ils) overexpressing the transgenic hmw-glutenin subunit 1ax1 by intro ...201324167625
wheat syntenome unveils new evidences of contrasted evolutionary plasticity between paleo- and neoduplicated subgenomes.bread wheat derives from a grass ancestor structured in seven protochromosomes followed by a paleotetraploidization to reach a 12 chromosomes intermediate and a neohexaploidization (involving subgenomes a, b and d) event that finally shaped the 21 modern chromosomes. insights into wheat syntenome in sequencing conserved orthologous set (cos) genes unravelled differences in genomic structure (such as gene conservation and diversity) and genetical landscape (such as recombination pattern) between ...201324164652
[influence of vrn-b1a and vrn-b1c alleles on length of developmental phases of substitution and near-isogenic lines of common wheat].the influence of vrn-b1a and vrn-b1c alleles on the length of developmental phases in lines of winter cv. sava with intervarietal substitution of chromosomes 5b and near-isogenic lines (nils) with these loci in the genetic background of winter cv. bezostaya 1 is studied. we have confirmed that effects of vrn genes appear on the tillering phase and that the response to vernalization and shortening of day length can change the duration of this phase. we have shown that, after vernalization and und ...201324159805
[genetic differentiation of common wheat cultivars using multiple alleles of gliadin-coding loci].the alleles ofgliadin-coding loci have been identified in 105 spring common wheat cultivars bred in omsk and saratov by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. it has been shown that 49% of the omsk cultivars and 40% of the saratov cultivars are heterogeneous, i.e., composed of several biotypes that differ in alleles of the gliadin-coding loci. a total of 278 genotypes have been determined (170 in the saratov cultivars and 112 in the omsk cultivars); in these two groups of cultivars, four genotypes ...201324159797
segregation distortion caused by weak hybrid necrosis in recombinant inbred lines of common wheat.segregation distortion of molecular markers is closely related to hybrid incompatibility in progeny from intraspecific crosses. recent reports in higher plants have demonstrated that hybrid sterility results in segregation distortion at the causal gene regions in progeny of intraspecific crosses. ne1 and ne2 complementary loci are known to control hybrid necrosis in intraspecific crosses of common wheat cultivars. here, we examine the effect of a weak necrosis allele ne1(w) on the segregation ra ...201324146090
did the house mouse (mus musculus l.) shape the evolutionary trajectory of wheat (triticum aestivum l.)?wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most successful domesticated plant species in the world. the majority of wheat carries mutations in the puroindoline genes that result in a hard kernel phenotype. an evolutionary explanation, or selective advantage, for the spread and persistence of these hard kernel mutations has yet to be established. here, we demonstrate that the house mouse (mus musculus l.) exerts a pronounced feeding preference for soft over hard kernels. when allele frequencies r ...201324223281
integration of molecular and physiological models to explain time of anthesis in wheat.a model to predict anthesis time of a wheat plant from environmental and genetic information requires integration of current concepts in physiological and molecular biology. this paper describes the structure of an integrated model and quantifies its response mechanisms.201324220102
intrinsic karyotype stability and gene copy number variations may have laid the foundation for tetraploid wheat formation.polyploidy or whole-genome duplication is recurrent in plant evolution, yet only a small fraction of whole-genome duplications has led to successful speciation. a major challenge in the establishment of nascent polyploids is sustained karyotype instability, which compromises fitness. the three putative diploid progenitors of bread wheat, with aa, ss (s ∼ b), and dd genomes occurred sympatrically, and their cross-fertilization in different combinations may have resulted in fertile allotetraploids ...201324218593
identification of new aquaporin genes and single nucleotide polymorphism in bread wheat.major facilitators of water movement through plant cell membranes include aquaporin proteins. wheat is among the largest and most important cereal crops worldwide; however, unlike other model plants such as rice, maize and arabidopsis, little has been reported on wheat major intrinsic proteins (mips). this study presents a comprehensive computational identification of 349 new wheat expressed sequence tags (ests), encoding 13 wheat aquaporin genes. identified aquaporins consist of 6 plasma membra ...201324250219
mutant alleles of photoperiod-1 in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that confer a late flowering phenotype in long days.flowering time in wheat and barley is known to be modified by mutations in the photoperiod-1 (ppd-1) gene. semi-dominant ppd-1a mutations conferring an early flowering phenotype are well documented in wheat but gene sequencing has also identified candidate loss of function mutations for ppd-a1 and ppd-d1. by analogy to the recessive ppd-h1 mutation in barley, loss of function mutations in wheat are predicted to delay flowering under long day conditions. to test this experimentally, introgression ...201324244507
genetic mapping and marker development for resistance of wheat against the root lesion nematode pratylenchus neglectus.the rlnn1 locus, which resides on chromosome 7a of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) confers moderate resistance against the root lesion nematode pratylenchus neglectus. prior to this research, the exact linkage relationships of rlnn1 with other loci on chromosome 7a were not clear and there were no simple codominant markers available for selection of rlnn1 in wheat breeding. the objectives of the research reported here were to (1) develop an improved genetic map of the rlnn1 region of chromoso ...201324377498
[effects of irrigation scheme on the grain glutenin macropolymer's size distribution and the grain quality of winter wheat with strong gluten].taking two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars (gaocheng 8901 and jimai 20) with high quality strong gluten as test materials, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the grain glutenin macropolymer (gmp)'s content and size distribution, grain quality, and grain yield under effects of different irrigation schemes. the schemes included no irrigation in whole growth period (w0), irrigation once at jointing stage (w1), irrigation two times at wintering and jointing stages (w2), r ...201324417115
antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of triticum aestivum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of triticum aestivum were evaluated by using in vivo methods in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. diabetes was induced in the wistar strain albino rats by injecting streptozotocin at a dose of 55 mg/kg body weight. ethanolic extracts of triticum aestivum at doses of 100 mg/kg body weight were administered orally for 30 days. various parameters were studied and the treatment group with the extract showed a significant increase in the liver ...201324416041
quantitative and qualitative differences in celiac disease epitopes among durum wheat varieties identified through deep rna-amplicon sequencing.wheat gluten is important for the industrial quality of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (t. turgidum l.). gluten proteins are also the source of immunogenic peptides that can trigger a t cell reaction in celiac disease (cd) patients, leading to inflammatory responses in the small intestine. various peptides with three major t cell epitopes involved in cd are derived from alpha-gliadin fraction of gluten. alpha-gliadins are encoded by a large multigene family and amino acid var ...201324354426
evaluation of assembly strategies using rna-seq data associated with grain development of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important crops cultivated worldwide. identifying the complete transcriptome of wheat grain could serve as foundation for further study of wheat seed development. however, the relatively large size and the polyploid complexity of the genome have been substantial barriers to molecular genetics and transcriptome analysis of wheat. alternatively, rna sequencing has provided some useful information about wheat genes. however, because of the large numbe ...201324349528
transformation of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with avenin-like b gene improves flour mixing properties.avenin-like b proteins may contribute to the viscoelastic properties of wheat dough via inter-chain disulphide bonds, due to their rich cysteine residues. in order to clarify the effect of the avenin-like b proteins on the functional properties of wheat flour, the functional and biochemical properties of wheat flour were analyzed in three transgenic wheat lines overexpressing the avenin-like b gene using the sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation (sdss) test, mixograph and size exclusion-high perf ...201324288453
dispersal pattern and dispersion of adult and nymph stink bugs (hemiptera: pentatomidae) in wheat and corn.euschistus servus (say) can develop a generation on wheat, triticum aestivum l., before moving to corn, zea mays l., where it can be a pest. because effective management methods are unknown, this study sought to describe the spatial distribution and dispersal of e. servus in the wheat and corn interface. in addition, oebalus pugnax (f.) densities were documented in both crops. wheat fields adjacent to the corn were sampled before harvest and stink bugs were marked using a product containing egg ...201324280558
sina and sinb genes in triticale do not determine grain hardness contrary to their orthologs pina and pinb in wheat.secaloindoline a (sina) and secaloindoline b (sinb) genes of hexaploid triticale (x triticosecale wittmack) are orthologs of puroindoline a (pina) and puroindoline b (pinb) in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). it has already been proven that rna interference (rnai)-based silencing of pina and pinb genes significantly decreased the puroindoline a and puroindoline b proteins in wheat and essentially increased grain hardness (j exp bot 62:4025-4036, 2011). the function of sina and sinb in tri ...201324279512
a physical map of the short arm of wheat chromosome 1a.bread wheat (triticum aestivum) has a large and highly repetitive genome which poses major technical challenges for its study. to aid map-based cloning and future genome sequencing projects, we constructed a bac-based physical map of the short arm of wheat chromosome 1a (1as). from the assembly of 25,918 high information content (hicf) fingerprints from a 1as-specific bac library, 715 physical contigs were produced that cover almost 99% of the estimated size of the chromosome arm. the 3,414 bac ...201324278269
variation in the wheat ap2 homoeologs, the genes underlying lodicule development.the bread wheat genome harbors three homoeologs of the barley gene hvap2, which determines the cleistogamous/non-cleistogamous flowering. the three homoeologs, taap2-a, taap2-b and taap2-d, are derived from the a, b and d genomes. the importance of lodicule swelling in assuring non-cleistogamous flowering in a range of wild and domesticated wheat accessions of varying ploidy level was established. re-sequencing of wheat ap2 homoeologous genes was carried out to identify natural variation at both ...201324273420
genome-specific granule-bound starch synthase i (gbssi) influences starch biochemical and functional characteristics in near-isogenic wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) lines.near-isogenic wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) lines differing at the waxy locus were studied for the influence of genome-specific granule-bound starch synthase i (gbssi/waxy; wx-a, wx-b, wx-d) on starch composition, structure, and in vitro starch enzymatic hydrolysis. grain composition, amylose concentration, amylopectin unit-chain length distribution, and starch granule size distribution varied with the loss of functional gbssi. amylose concentration was more severely affected in genotypes with g ...201324266496
sequence-based analysis of translocations and inversions in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).structural changes of chromosomes are a primary mechanism of genome rearrangement over the course of evolution and detailed knowledge of such changes in a given species and its close relatives should increase the efficiency and precision of chromosome engineering in crop improvement. we have identified sequences bordering each of the main translocation and inversion breakpoints on chromosomes 4a, 5a and 7b of the modern bread wheat genome. the locations of these breakpoints allow, for the first ...201324260197
cytoplasmic genome substitution in wheat affects the nuclear-cytoplasmic cross-talk leading to transcript and metabolite alterations.alloplasmic lines provide a unique tool to study nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. three alloplasmic lines, with nuclear genomes from triticum aestivum and harboring cytoplasm from aegilops uniaristata, aegilops tauschii and hordeum chilense, were investigated by transcript and metabolite profiling to identify the effects of cytoplasmic substitution on nuclear-cytoplasmic signaling mechanisms.201324320731
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