Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| controversies around epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection is a major public health problem. however, in recent years the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of c. difficile infection have undergone a significant change. the incidence of c. difficile has increased, not only in the healthcare sector but also in the community. hospital-acquired infection and community-acquired disease have different risk factors, with the latter occurring in children and younger individuals without a history of antibiotic u ... | 2015 | 26113167 |
| fidaxomicin--the new drug for clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is one of the many aetiological agents of antibiotic associated diarrhoea and is implicated in 15-25 per cent of the cases. the organism is also involved in the exacearbation of inflammatory bowel disease and extracolonic manifestations. due to increase in the incidence of c. difficile infection (cdi), emergence of hypervirulent strains, and increased frequency of recurrence, the clinical management of the disease has become important. the management of cdi is based on dise ... | 2015 | 26112840 |
| clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26111124 | |
| candidemia, and infections by clostridium difficile and carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae: new enteropathogenetic opportunistic syndromes? | in this paper we analyze three enteropathogenetic opportunistic infections represented by candida spp., c. difficile and carbapenemase-producing k. pneumoniae. the common pathogenetic pathway is based on an alteration of the intestinal flora, now mainly referred as the human microbiome, with secondary opportunism for infections caused by candida, c. difficile and carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae ("ccc"). we highlight the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical syndromes associated with th ... | 2015 | 26110290 |
| longitudinal trends in all healthcare-associated infections through comprehensive hospital-wide surveillance and infection control measures over the past 12 years: substantial burden of healthcare-associated infections outside of intensive care units and "other" types of infection. | targeted surveillance has focused on device-associated infections and surgical site infections (ssis) and is often limited to healthcare-associated infections (hais) in high-risk areas. longitudinal trends in all hais, including other types of hais, and hais outside of intensive care units (icus) remain unclear. we examined the incidences of all hais using comprehensive hospital-wide surveillance over a 12-year period (2001-2012). | 2015 | 26108686 |
| risk factors, clinical characteristics, and treatment differences between residents with and without nursing home- and non-nursing home-acquired clostridium difficile infection. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in nursing home residents is believed to be high because of the prevalence of predisposing factors such as decreased immune response, multiple comorbidities, medications, increased risk of infection, close proximity of residents, and recent hospitalization. yet, specific information on cdi in this population is scarce. | 2015 | 26108383 |
| antibiotic prescribing and associated diarrhoea: a prospective cohort study of care home residents. | the risk factors for and frequency of antibiotic prescription and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (aad) among care home residents are unknown. | 2015 | 26104506 |
| inference of network dynamics and metabolic interactions in the gut microbiome. | we present a novel methodology to construct a boolean dynamic model from time series metagenomic information and integrate this modeling with genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions to identify metabolic underpinnings for microbial interactions. we apply this in the context of a critical health issue: clindamycin antibiotic treatment and opportunistic clostridium difficile infection. our model recapitulates known dynamics of clindamycin antibiotic treatment and c. difficile infection and ... | 2015 | 26102287 |
| outcomes and risk factors associated with clostridium difficile diarrhea in hospitalized adult patients. | background. the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection has changed over time. therefore, it is essential to monitor the characteristics of patients at risk of infection and factors associated with poor prognosis. objective. to evaluate factors associated with c. difficile infection and with poor prognosis in those with documented c. difficile colitis. methods. a retrospective case-control study of 75 patients with documented c. difficile colitis and 75 controls with hospital-acquired di ... | 2015 | 26101522 |
| [diagnosis of infections caused by clostridium difficile in the czech republic: availability, possibilities, and interpretation of laboratory results]. | to assess the availability of the laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by c. difficile in the czech republic (cr), including the range of tests used, possible combinations, and adequate interpretation of model results. | 2015 | 26099613 |
| diarrhea in solid organ transplant recipients. | diarrhea is a common complaint in the solid organ transplant recipient. unlike the immune-competent patient, diarrhea in an organ transplant recipient may result in dehydration, increased toxicity of medications, and rejection. there is a wide range of causes for diarrhea in transplant recipients, but the most common causes are clostridium difficile infection, cytomegalovirus, and norovirus. this review will focus on new epidemiology data as to the cause of diarrhea in the transplant population. | 2015 | 26098506 |
| faecal microbiota transplantation plus selected use of vancomycin for severe-complicated clostridium difficile infection: description of a protocol with high success rate. | severe and severe/complicated clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can result in icu admission, sepsis, toxic megacolon and death. in this setting, colectomy is the standard of care but it is associated with a 50% mortality. | 2015 | 26096320 |
| fecal-free toxin detection remains the best way to detect clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26092488 | |
| the stethoscope and healthcare-associated infection: a snake in the grass or innocent bystander? | there is a concern that stethoscopes may transmit infectious agents which could result in healthcare-associated infection (hcai). the aim of this review was to evaluate the available literature as to the role of the stethoscope in the development of hcai. a literature search was conducted across several databases for relevant studies and reports. stethoscopes were consistently shown to harbour bacteria. the mean rate of stethoscope contamination across 28 studies was 85% (range: 47-100%). the ma ... | 2015 | 26092471 |
| emergence of community-acquired clostridium difficile infection: the experience of a french hospital and review of the literature. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a common cause of nosocomial diarrhoea. people in the general community are not usually considered to be at risk of cdi. cdi is associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. the risk of severity is defined by the clostridium severity index (csi). | 2015 | 26092300 |
| faecal microbiota transplantation as salvage therapy for fulminant clostridium difficile infections. | 2015 | 26092095 | |
| flooding and clostridium difficile infection: a case-crossover analysis. | clostridium difficile is a bacterium that can spread by water. it often causes acute gastrointestinal illness in older adults who are hospitalized and/or receiving antibiotics; however, community-associated infections affecting otherwise healthy individuals have become more commonly reported. a case-crossover study was used to assess emergency room (er) and outpatient visits for c. difficile infection following flood events in massachusetts from 2003 through 2007. exposure status was based on wh ... | 2015 | 26090609 |
| multiple recurrences of clostridium difficile infection treated with crushed fidaxomicin administered through a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube. | 2015 | 26089544 | |
| detection of adp ribosylation in parp-1 and bacterial toxins using a capillary-based western system. | both poly and mono adp-ribosylation are common posttranslational protein modifications. for example, poly adp-ribosylation is involved in dna repair mechanisms through the poly (adp-ribose) polymerase (parp) family of enzymes. while mono adp-ribosylation has been known to trigger cell death exhibited by many bacterial toxins. because of the wide role of adp-ribosylation, the detection and analysis are very important for further understanding of the parp family of enzymes and the molecular mechan ... | 2015 | 26084776 |
| [evaluation of growth of clinical clostridium difficile strains belonging to different pcr-ribotypes on chromid c. difficile agar]. | clostridium difficile is main reason of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients. diagnostic method for detection of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) are limited to an enzyme immunoassays (eias), while the culture of toxigenic strains is still seen as the gold standard for the laboratory diagnosis. the aim of this study was to compare growth of c. difficile strains belonging to different polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ribotypes on new chromid c. difficile agar (cdiff, biomér ... | 2015 | 26084070 |
| [presence of lactoferrin in faeces as the indicator of clostridium difficile in pediatric patients]. | number of infection caused by clostridium difficile in hospitalized children is increasing. even though children unlike adults seldom develop complications after being ill, cases of persistent diarrhoea triggered by this pathogen and mortality from this origin have been reported. at present the important problem constitute differentiation between the colonization and infection limiting the proper diagnosis of c. difficile infections (cdi) in this age group. the aim of this study was to evaluate ... | 2015 | 26084069 |
| evaluation of 3 automated real-time pcr (xpert c. difficile assay, bd max cdiff, and imdx c. difficile for abbott m2000 assay) for detecting clostridium difficile toxin gene compared to toxigenic culture in stool specimens. | we evaluated the performance of the 3 automated systems (cepheid xpert, bd max, and imdx c. difficile for abbott m2000) detecting clostridium difficile toxin gene compared to toxigenic culture. of the 254 stool specimens tested, 87 (48 slight, 35 moderate, and 4 heavy growth) were toxigenic culture positive. the overall sensitivities and specificities were 82.8% and 98.8% for xpert, 81.6% and 95.8% for bd max, and 62.1% and 99.4% for imdx, respectively. the specificity was significantly higher i ... | 2015 | 26081240 |
| what are the effects of proton pump inhibitors on the small intestine? | generally, proton-pump inhibitors (ppis) have great benefit for patients with acid related disease with less frequently occurring side effects. according to a recent report, ppis provoke dysbiosis of the small intestinal bacterial flora, exacerbating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small intestinal injury. several meta-analyses and systematic reviews have reported that patients treated with ppis, as well as post-gastrectomy patients, have a higher frequency of small intestinal bacter ... | 2015 | 26078557 |
| efficacy of alternative fidaxomicin dosing regimens for treatment of simulated clostridium difficile infection in an in vitro human gut model. | fidaxomicin treatment reduces the risk of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) compared with vancomycin. extending duration of fidaxomicin therapy may further reduce recurrence. we compared the efficacy of four extended fidaxomicin regimens in an in vitro model of cdi. | 2015 | 26078392 |
| burden of clostridium difficile infection between 2010 and 2013: trends and outcomes from an academic center in eastern europe. | to analyze the incidence and possible risk factors in hospitalized patients treated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi). | 2015 | 26074711 |
| continuous administration of vancomycin through a long intestinal tube for clostridium difficile infection. | a 76-year-old previously healthy japanese man experienced severe diarrhea (8,000 ml per day) after undergoing laparotomy for small bowel obstruction and was diagnosed with clostridium difficile infection. although he developed a maculopapular rash secondary to the systemic absorption of enteral vancomycin (vcm), the patient was successfully treated with the continuous administration of vcm through a long intestinal tube placed in the terminal ileum. this method ensured the reliable delivery of v ... | 2015 | 26073250 |
| hospital transfer network structure as a risk factor for clostridium difficile infection. | to determine the effect of interhospital patient sharing via transfers on the rate of clostridium difficile infections in a hospital. | 2015 | 26072907 |
| monomicrobial vs polymicrobial clostridium difficile bacteremia: a case report and review of the literature. | 2015 | 26071832 | |
| antibiotic regimen after a total abdominal colectomy with ileostomy for fulminant clostridium difficile colitis: a multi-institutional study. | fulminant clostridium difficile colitis (fcdc) is a highly lethal disease with mortality rates ranging between 12% and 80%. although often these patients require a total abdominal colectomy (tac) with ileostomy, there is no established management protocol for post-operative antibiotics. in this study we aim to make some recommendations for post-operative antibiotic usage, while describing the practice across different institutions. | 2015 | 26069992 |
| increasing numbers of hospitalizations and deaths with mention of clostridium difficile infection, north-eastern italy, 2008-2013. | 2015 | 26068651 | |
| recombinant lipoproteins as novel vaccines with intrinsic adjuvant. | a core platform technology for high production of recombinant lipoproteins with built-in immunostimulator for novel subunit vaccine development has been established. this platform technology has the following advantages: (1) easily convert antigen into lipidated recombinant protein using a fusion sequence containing lipobox and express high level (50-150mg/l) in escherichia coli; (2) a robust high-yield up- and downstream bioprocess for lipoprotein production is successfully developed to devoid ... | 2015 | 26067816 |
| the gut microbiome: a clinically significant player in transplantation? | the intestinal microbiome is critical to digestion, metabolism and protection from pathogenic organisms. dysbiosis, or alteration of this microbiome, can result in clostridium difficile infection and may play a role in other conditions. patients undergoing solid organ transplantation (e.g., kidney, lung, liver, small bowel) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have a shift in the gut microbiome with a decrease in predominant organisms, a loss of bacterial diversity and emergence of a new ... | 2015 | 26065325 |
| reducing unnecessary and duplicate ordering for ovum and parasite examinations and clostridium difficile pcr in immunocompromised patients by using an alert at the time of request in the order management system. | we implemented hospital information system (his) alerts to deter unnecessary test orders for ovum and parasite (o&p) exams and clostridium difficile pcr. the his alerts decreased noncompliant o&p orders (orders after >72 h of hospitalization) from 49.8% to 30.9%, an overall decrease of 19%, and reduced noncompliant c. difficile pcr orders (orders <7 days after a previous positive result) from 30.6% to 19.2%, an overall decrease of 31.9%. | 2015 | 26063860 |
| fecal microbiota transplantation for clostridium difficile infection: back to the future. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a leading cause of diarrhea in the industrialized world. the estimated costs of this infection are impressive: over 3.2 billion dollars annually in the us. the introduction of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) to clinical practice can be considered a copernican revolution. the rationale of this approach consists of correcting the imbalance of the organisms dwelling in the gut by reintroducing a normal flora. | 2015 | 26063385 |
| emergence of a novel binary toxin-positive strain of clostridium difficile associated with severe diarrhea that was not ribotype 027 and 078 in china. | 2015 | 26062650 | |
| burden of clostridium difficile infection in the united states. | 2015 | 26061852 | |
| burden of clostridium difficile infection in the united states. | 2015 | 26061851 | |
| burden of clostridium difficile infection in the united states. | 2015 | 26061850 | |
| use of acid suppression medication is associated with risk for c. difficile infection in infants and children: a population-based study. | acid suppression medication is associated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in adults and is increasingly prescribed to children. this study evaluated the relationship between acid suppression medication and incident cdi in children. | 2015 | 26060292 |
| comparative genomic and phenomic analysis of clostridium difficile and clostridium sordellii, two related pathogens with differing host tissue preference. | clostridium difficile and c. sordellii are two anaerobic, spore forming, gram positive pathogens with a broad host range and the ability to cause lethal infections. despite strong similarities between the two clostridial strains, differences in their host tissue preference place c. difficile infections in the gastrointestinal tract and c. sordellii infections in soft tissues. | 2015 | 26059449 |
| risk factors for surgical site infection in laryngeal cancer surgery. | surgical site infection (ssi) is a significant factor of morbidity and mortality in patients surgically treated for laryngeal carcinoma. the aim of this prospective study in 277 patients was to determine the incidence of ssi in patients surgically treated for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and to identify risk factors for development of ssi. patients with previous chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were excluded. all patients had tracheostomy postoperatively and received antibiotic prophylaxis ... | 2015 | 26058244 |
| clinical and epidemiologic considerations of clostridium difficile in harbor seals (phoca vitulina) at a marine mammal rehabilitation center. | between 1998 and 2008, 15 cases of segmental to diffuse hemorrhagic to necrohemorrhagic enterocolitis were diagnosed in neonatal and weaned juvenile harbor seals (phoca vitulina) presented from the vancouver aquarium marine mammal rescue centre for rehabilitation. based on a combination of gross pathology, histopathology, bacterial isolation, and toxin testing, clostridium difficile enterocolitis was diagnosed. most pups were anorexic or inappetant and died acutely with few other premonitory sig ... | 2015 | 26056868 |
| impact of vancomycin faecal concentrations on clinical and microbiological outcomes in clostridium difficile infection. | to assess the impact of faecal vancomycin concentrations on clinical and microbiological outcomes in patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and whether these concentrations vary with stool consistency and frequency, faecal concentrations of vancomycin were measured in stools collected at various times from patients initiated on 125mg every 6h (q6h) for 10 days. stool consistency and frequency were determined over the course of therapy. clinical and microbiological outcomes were asse ... | 2015 | 26055927 |
| mode of action and bactericidal properties of surotomycin against growing and nongrowing clostridium difficile. | surotomycin (cb-183,315), a cyclic lipopeptide, is in phase 3 clinical development for the treatment of clostridium difficile infection. we report here the further characterization of the in vitro mode of action of surotomycin, including its activity against growing and nongrowing c. difficile. this was assessed through time-kill kinetics, allowing a determination of the effects on the membrane potential and permeability and macromolecular synthesis in c. difficile. against representative strain ... | 2015 | 26055381 |
| [a sensitive method for detection of clostridium difficile in diarrheal patients]. | 2015 | 26049196 | |
| association of tcda+/tcdb+ clostridium difficile genotype with emergence of multidrug-resistant strains conferring metronidazole resistant phenotype. | reduced susceptibility of clostridium difficile to antibiotics is problematic in clinical settings. there is new evidence indicating the cotransfer of toxin-encoding genes and conjugative transposons encoding resistance to antibiotics among different c. difficile strains. to analyze this association, in the current study, we evaluated the frequency of toxigenic c. difficile among the strains with different multidrug-resistant (mdr) profiles in iran. | 2015 | 26048022 |
| clostridium difficile infection among veterans health administration patients. | to report on the prevalence and incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) from 2009 to 2013 among veterans healthcare administration patients | 2015 | 26047207 |
| microbiology for radiologists: how to minimize infection transmission in the radiology department. | the implementation of standardized infection control and prevention practices is increasingly relevant as modern radiology practice evolves into its more clinical role. current centers for disease control and prevention, national institutes of health, and world health organization guidelines for the proper use of personal protective equipment, decontamination of reusable medical equipment, and appropriate management of bloodborne pathogen exposures will be reviewed. standard precautions apply to ... | 2015 | 26046943 |
| epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection. | 2015 | 26043422 | |
| synergistic inhibition of clostridium difficile with nisin-lysozyme combination treatment. | clostridium difficile vegetative cells were not inhibited completely after a 120-min treatment with 40 nm nisin or 0.8 mm lysozyme. however, these cells were completely inhibited after only a 30-min incubation with both 20 nm nisin and 0.2 mm lysozyme. | 2015 | 25863312 |
| the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for genotyping of clostridium difficile. | genotyping approaches are important for tracking infectious agents and can be used for various purposes. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is among the highly discriminatory genotyping approaches commonly used for characterizing clostridium difficile. other genotyping methods used for c. difficile include ribotyping, restriction endonuclease assay (rea), multilocus variable number tandem repeats (vntr) assay, and others. pfge has a high discriminatory power, high reproducibility, and typea ... | 2015 | 25862051 |
| induced sporicidal activity of chlorhexidine against clostridium difficile spores under altered physical and chemical conditions. | chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial commonly used to disinfect the skin of patients to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections. because chlorhexidine is not sporicidal, it is not anticipated that it would have an impact on skin contamination with clostridium difficile, the most important cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. however, although chlorhexidine is not sporicidal as it is used in healthcare settings, it has been reported to kill spores of bacillus species un ... | 2015 | 25861057 |
| genome resequencing of the virulent and multidrug-resistant reference strain clostridium difficile 630. | we resequenced the complete genome of the virulent and multidrug-resistant pathogen clostridium difficile strain 630. a combination of single-molecule real-time and illumina sequencing technology revealed the presence of an additional rrna gene cluster, additional trnas, and the absence of a transposon in comparison to the published and reannotated genome sequence. | 2015 | 25858846 |
| epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection: results of a hospital-based study in krakow, poland. | over the past two decades clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has appeared as a major public health threat. we performed a retrospective study based on the records of patients hospitalized for cdi at the university hospital in krakow, poland, between 2008 and 2014. in the study period, cdi occurred in 1009 individuals. there were 790 (78%) individuals who developed infection only once, whereas 219 (22%) developed infection more than once. the percentage of deaths within 14 days of cdi confirma ... | 2015 | 25858553 |
| contamination of the hospital environment from potential clostridium difficile excretors without active infection. | clostridium difficile was recovered from 33 (34%) of 98 rooms of patients who were excretors compared with 36 (49%) of 73 rooms of patients with active infection. not all laboratory algorithms can distinguish between these 2 groups, yet both may be a significant source for ongoing transmission. | 2015 | 25857829 |
| clinical and economic impact of empirical extended-infusion piperacillin-tazobactam in a community medical center. | current medical center practice allows for the automatic conversion of all piperacillin/tazobactam orders from intermittent to extended infusion (ei). | 2015 | 25855703 |
| frozen encapsulated stool in recurrent clostridium difficile: exploring the role of pills in the treatment hierarchy of fecal microbiota transplant nonresponders. | 2015 | 25853204 | |
| the microbiota and microbiome in aging: potential implications in health and age-related diseases. | advances in bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing allow for characterization of the human commensal bacterial community (microbiota) and its corresponding genome (microbiome). surveys of healthy adults reveal that a signature composite of bacteria characterizes each unique body habitat (e.g., gut, skin, oral cavity, vagina). a myriad of clinical changes, including a basal proinflammatory state (inflamm-aging), that directly interface with the microbiota of older adults and enhance susceptib ... | 2015 | 25851728 |
| the economic impact of clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. | with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) on the rise, knowledge of the current economic burden of cdi can inform decisions on interventions related to cdi. we systematically reviewed cdi cost-of-illness (coi) studies. | 2015 | 25848925 |
| euroscore is a predictor of postoperative pericardial effusion following heart transplantation. | pericardial effusion is an early complication following orthotopic heart transplantation. effusion that requires surgical intervention not only prolongs in-hospital stay but also increases early mortality rate. euroscore is one of the most common methods for calculating predictive mortality in heart surgery. | 2015 | 25847682 |
| [clostridium difficile colitis]. | c. difficile is a spore-forming anaerobic enteropathogen responsible for a wide range of clinical features ranging from mild uncomplicated diarrhoea to severe debilitating disease, toxic megacolon, or even perforation and sometimes death. risk factors for c. difficile infection (cdi) include age > 65 years, previous hospitalization and recent antibiotic therapy. main virulence factors of c. difficile are toxins a (tcda) and b (tcdb). since 2005, a new hypervirulent strain has emerged. this epide ... | 2015 | 25842418 |
| highlighting clinical needs in clostridium difficile infection: the views of european healthcare professionals at the front line. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhoea in europe. despite increased focus, its incidence and severity are increasing in many european countries. | 2015 | 25842241 |
| burden of clostridium difficile infection on hospital readmissions and its potential impact under the hospital readmission reduction program. | both clostridium [corrected] difficile infection (cdi) rates in hospitals and interest in reducing 30-day readmission rates have increased dramatically in the united states. the objective of this study was to characterize the burden of cdi on 30-day hospital readmissions at a tertiary care health-system. | 2015 | 25838133 |
| a universal mariner transposon system for forward genetic studies in the genus clostridium. | dna transposons represent an essential tool in the armoury of the molecular microbiologist. we previously developed a catp-based mini transposon system for clostridium difficile in which the expression of the transposase gene was dependent on a sigma factor unique to c. difficile, tcdr. here we have shown that the host range of the transposon is easily extended through the rapid chromosomal insertion of the tcdr gene at the pyre locus of the intended clostridial target using allele-coupled excha ... | 2015 | 25836262 |
| fecal microbiota transplant to treat recurrent clostridium difficile infections. | the prevalence of recurrent or refractory clostridium difficile infection has been steadily increasing since 2000. consequently, alternative treatments to the standard antibiotic therapies are now being considered. one alternative treatment is fecal microbiota transplant. although fecal microbiota transplant is relatively new--and not appealing to most people--it has been around for many years and has great promise as an inexpensive, safe, and efficient treatment of refractory and recurrent c di ... | 2015 | 25834008 |
| regional differences in clostridium difficile infections in relation to fluoroquinolone and proton pump inhibitor use, finland, 2008-2011. | several antimicrobial agents and proton pump inhibitors (ppis) have been identified as risk factors for clostridium difficile infections (cdis). nationwide laboratory-based surveillance of cdis in finland since 2008 has shown variation in regional cdi rates. we evaluated whether regional differences in cdi rates were associated with antibacterial and ppi use. | 2015 | 25832317 |
| editorial commentary: clostridium difficile ribotype 027: an intrinsically virulent strain, but clinical virulence remains to be determined at the bedside. | 2015 | 25828996 | |
| clostridium difficile ribotype 027: relationship to age, detectability of toxins a or b in stool with rapid testing, severe infection, and mortality. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can cause severe disease and death, especially in older adults. a better understanding of risk factors for adverse outcomes is needed. this study tests the hypotheses that infection with specific ribotypes and presence of stool toxins independently associate with severity and constructs predictive models of adverse outcomes. | 2015 | 25828993 |
| dynamic changes in short- and long-term bacterial composition following fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) is an effective treatment for recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) that often fails standard antibiotic therapy. despite its widespread recent use, however, little is known about the stability of the fecal microbiota following fmt. | 2015 | 25825673 |
| [fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent clostridium difficile infections. framework and pharmaceutical preparation aspects]. | the fecal microbiota transplantation consists in introducing a preparation constituted by a dilution of stools of a healthy donor in the digestive tract of a patient recipient, to restore his intestinal physiological balance. this therapeutic approach was the subject of numerous studies showing its efficiency in the treatment of the recurrent infections with clostridium difficile. the fecal microbiota transplantation has now a high level of clinical evidence, which explains that it appears in va ... | 2015 | 25825054 |
| berberine blocks the relapse of clostridium difficile infection in c57bl/6 mice after standard vancomycin treatment. | vancomycin is a preferred antibiotic for treating clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and has been associated with a rate of recurrence of cdi of as high as 20% in treated patients. recent studies have suggested that berberine, an alternative medical therapy for gastroenteritis and diarrhea, exhibits several beneficial effects, including induction of anti-inflammatory responses and restoration of the intestinal barrier function. this study investigated the therapeutic effects of berberine on p ... | 2015 | 25824219 |
| rapid, accurate, and on-site detection of c. difficile in stool samples. | a rapid test to diagnose clostridium difficile infection (cdi) on hospital wards could minimize common but critical diagnostic delay. field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (faims) is a portable mass spectrometry instrument that quickly analyses the chemical composition of gaseous mixtures (e.g., above a stool sample). can faims accurately distinguish c. difficile-positive from -negative stool samples? | 2015 | 25823766 |
| infections and antimicrobial use among institutionalized residents in hungary: increasing need of microbiological surveillance. | as a result of the age-related changes, more elders live in long-term care facilities (ltcfs). due to their susceptibility, infections and excess use of antimicrobials are common. the aim was to estimate the burden of infections and antimicrobial use in hungarian ltcfs in order to increase the attention given to the prevention. european-wide point prevalence survey was conducted between april and may 2013. for each resident who had a signs and symptoms of an infection and/or treated with an anti ... | 2015 | 25823452 |
| saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of hospital onset clostridium difficile infection. | probiotics, including saccharomyces boulardii, have been advocated for the prevention of clostridium difficile infection. the aim of this project was to evaluate the effects of the removal of s. boulardii from an automatic antibiotic order set and hospital formulary on hospital onset c. difficile infection rates. | 2015 | 25822430 |
| the epidemiology and economic burden of clostridium difficile infection in korea. | the prevalence of clostridium difficile infection and the associated burden have recently increased in many countries. while the main risk factors for c. difficile infection include old age and antibiotic use, the prevalence of this infection is increasing in low-risk groups. these trends highlight the need for research on c. difficile infection. this study pointed out the prevalence and economic burden of c. difficile infection and uses the representative national data which is primarily from t ... | 2015 | 25821807 |
| insight into alteration of gut microbiota in clostridium difficile infection and asymptomatic c. difficile colonization. | clostridium difficile is well recognized as the common pathogen of nosocomial diarrhea, meanwhile, asymptomatic colonization with c. difficile in part of the population has also drawn public attention. although gut microbiota is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of c. difficile infection (cdi), whether there is any alteration of gut microbial composition in asymptomatic c. difficile carriers hasn't been clearly described. the purpose of this study was to explore the differences ... | 2015 | 25817005 |
| complete genome sequence of the hypervirulent bacterium clostridium difficile strain g46, ribotype 027. | clostridium difficile is one of the leading causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in health care facilities worldwide. here, we report the genome sequence of c. difficile strain g46, ribotype 027, isolated from an outbreak in glamorgan, wales, in 2006. | 2015 | 25814591 |
| infectious diseases society of america or american college of gastroenterology guidelines for treatment of clostridium difficile infection: which one to follow? | 2015 | 25812639 | |
| proton pump inhibition may promote clostridium difficile recurrences. | 2015 | 25812637 | |
| evaluation of the qiagen artus c. difficile qs-rgq kit for detection of clostridium difficile toxins a and b in clinical stool specimens. | we compared the qiagen artus c. difficile qs-rgq kit, a new nucleic acid amplification test for the detection of clostridium difficile toxins in stool specimens, with the cepheid xpert c. difficile test. the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the qiagen artus c. difficile qs-rgq test were 100%, 89.5%, 60.9%, and 100%, and those for the cepheid xpert c. difficile test were 100%, 90%, 62.2%, and 100%, respectively. | 2015 | 25809977 |
| exposure to gastric acid-suppression therapy is associated with health care- and community-associated clostridium difficile infection in children. | the aim of the study was to determine whether gastric acid-suppression therapy is associated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in both inpatient and outpatient pediatric populations. | 2015 | 25806678 |
| proton-pump inhibitor exposure aggravates clostridium difficile-associated colitis: evidence from a mouse model. | clostridium difficile is currently the leading cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitalized patients. in addition to the infection due to toxigenic c. difficile in the gastrointestinal tract of susceptible hosts, other predisposing factors for c. difficile infection (cdi) are identified, including advanced age, a prolonged hospital stay, and use of acid-suppressive drugs. of note, exposure to gastric acid-reducing agents, such as h2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors (ppis), remains a controver ... | 2015 | 25805751 |
| a modified r-type bacteriocin specifically targeting clostridium difficile prevents colonization of mice without affecting gut microbiota diversity. | clostridium difficile is a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide and has become an urgent public health threat requiring immediate attention. epidemic lineages of the bi/nap1/027 strain type have emerged and spread through health care systems across the globe over the past decade. limiting person-to-person transmission and eradicating c. difficile, especially the bi/nap1/027 strain type, from health care facilities are difficult due to the abundant shedding of spores that are impervio ... | 2015 | 25805733 |
| structure and function of a clostridium difficile sortase enzyme. | sortase enzymes are responsible for covalent anchoring of specific proteins to the peptidoglycan of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. in some gram-positive bacteria (e.g. staphylococcus aureus), sortases have been found to be essential for pathogenesis and their inhibitors are under development as potential novel therapeutics. here we provide the first report on the structural characterisation of the c. difficile sortase. an active site mutant was crystallised and its structure determined ... | 2015 | 25801974 |
| outcomes of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized leukemia patients: a nationwide analysis. | background the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has increased among hospitalized patients and is a common complication of leukemia. we investigated the risks for and outcomes of cdi in hospitalized leukemia patients. methods adults with a primary diagnosis of leukemia were extracted from the united states nationwide inpatient sample database, 2005-2011. the primary outcomes of interest were cdi incidence, cdi-associated mortality, length of stay (los), and charges. in a seconda ... | 2015 | 25801085 |
| cyclic-di-gmp signaling in the gram-positive pathogen clostridium difficile. | the anaerobic gram-positive bacterium clostridium difficile causes intestinal infections responsible for symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis. like other bacteria, c. difficile needs to sense and integrate environmental signals in order to adapt to changes and thrive in its environment. the second messenger cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-gmp) was recently recognized as a quasi-ubiquitous phenotype coordinator in bacteria. mostly known to be involved in the transition ... | 2015 | 25800812 |
| containment of clostridium difficile infection without reduction in antimicrobial use in hong kong. | clostridium difficile ribotype 002 with hypersporulating capacity has been increasingly identified in hong kong. proactive infection control measures are important to prevent the establishment of endemicity of c. difficile ribotype 002. a total of 329 patients with healthcare-associated c. difficile infection (cdi) were recruited in our healthcare network between 1 january 2008 and 30 june 2012 in this study. the incidence rates of healthcare-associated cdi per 10,000 admissions and 10,000 patie ... | 2015 | 25800414 |
| antimicrobial activity of bismuth subsalicylate on clostridium difficile, escherichia coli o157:h7, norovirus, and other common enteric pathogens. | previous studies have shown bismuth subsalicylate (bss) has antimicrobial properties, but few studies have addressed the mechanism of action. furthermore, following bss ingestion other bismuth salts form throughout the gastrointestinal tract including bismuth oxychloride (biocl) that also act upon enteric pathogens. to further understand the antimicrobial activity of bismuth in infectious diarrhea, the antimicrobial effect of bss and biocl on clostridium difficile, salmonella, shigella, shiga to ... | 2015 | 25901890 |
| binaphthyl-1,2,3-triazole peptidomimetics with activity against clostridium difficile and other pathogenic bacteria. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) is a problematic gram positive bacterial pathogen causing moderate to severe gastrointestinal infections. based on a lead binaphthyl-tripeptide dicationic antimicrobial, novel mono-, di- and tri-peptidomimetic analogues targeting c. difficile were designed and synthesized incorporating one, two or three d-configured cationic amino acid residues, with a common 1,2,3-triazole ester isostere at the c-terminus. copper- and ruthenium-click chemistry facilitated th ... | 2015 | 25901416 |
| current advances related to clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) can trigger various responses, ranging from asymptomatic carriage to fulminant colitis. hard-to-cure cdi, such as severe cdi, multiple recurrences of cdi, refractory cdi, and hypervirulent strains of c. difficile, require new treatments, although antibiotics such as metronidazole and vancomycin are the treatment of choice for initial and first relapsing cdi. active immunization with c. difficile toxins and faecal microbiota transplantation deserve special at ... | 2015 | 25900952 |
| clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized hiv-infected individuals: epidemiology and risk factors: results from a case-control study (2002-2013). | hiv infection is a risk factor for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) yet the immune deficiency predisposing to cdi is not well understood, despite an increasing incidence of cdi among such individuals. we aimed to estimate the incidence and to evaluate the risk factors of cdi among an hiv cohort in italy. | 2015 | 25899507 |
| oral teicoplanin (targocid) and intestinal clostridium difficile infection. just another option. | 2015 | 25897455 | |
| clostridium difficile infection in the united states: a national study assessing preventive practices used and perceptions of practice evidence. | we surveyed 571 us hospitals about practices used to prevent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). most hospitals reported regularly using key cdi prevention practices, and perceived their strength of evidence as high. the largest discrepancy between regular use and perceived evidence strength occurred with antimicrobial stewardship programs. | 2015 | 25896321 |
| a new approach to recognition of clostridium difficile infections with community onset. | 2015 | 25895635 | |
| fecal transplantation to treat initial severe clostridium difficile infection with sepsis. | 2015 | 25895282 | |
| fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent clostridium difficile infection after peripheral autologous stem cell transplant for diffuse large b-cell lymphoma. | 2015 | 25893454 | |
| identification of patients at high risk for clostridium difficile infection: development and validation of a risk prediction model in hospitalized patients treated with antibiotics. | to develop and validate a prediction model for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in hospitalized patients treated with systemic antibiotics, we performed a case-cohort study in a tertiary (derivation) and secondary care hospital (validation). cases had a positive clostridium test and were treated with systemic antibiotics before suspicion of cdi. controls were randomly selected from hospitalized patients treated with systemic antibiotics. potential predictors were selected from the literatur ... | 2015 | 25889357 |
| prevalence and management of antibiotic associated diarrhea in general hospitals. | antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) is a common adverse effect of antibiotic (ab) treatment. this study aimed to measure the overall prevalence of aad (including mild to moderate diarrhea) in hospitalized ab treated patients, to investigate associated risk factors and to document aad associated diagnostic investigations, contamination control and treatment. | 2015 | 25888351 |
| risk factors associated with lower defecation frequency in hospitalized older adults: a case control study. | constipation is highly prevalent in older adults and may be associated with greater frequency of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd). we investigated the prevalence of lower defecation frequency (df) and risk factors (including aecopd) associated with lower df among hospitalized elderly patients. | 2015 | 25887756 |
| prevalence of clostridium difficile infection among solid organ transplant recipients: a meta-analysis of published studies. | several factors including antibiotic use, immunosuppression and frequent hospitalizations make solid organ transplant (sot) recipients vulnerable to clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies from 1991-2014 to estimate the prevalence of cdi in this patient population. we searched pubmed, embase and google scholar databases. among the 75,940 retrieved citations, we found 30 studies coded from 35 articles that were relevant to our study. based on these ... | 2015 | 25886133 |