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hydrogel beads bio-nanocomposite based on kappa-carrageenan and green synthesized silver nanoparticles for biomedical applications.this paper describes the fabrication and characterization of bio-nanocomposite hydrogel beads based on kappa-carrageenan (κ-carrageenan) and bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (ag-nps). the silver nanoparticles were prepared in aqueous citrullus colocynthis seed extract as both reducing and capping agent. cross-linked κ-carrageenan/ag-nps hydrogel beads were prepared using potassium chloride as the cross-linker. the hydrogel beads were characterized using xrd and fesem. moreover, swelling prop ...201728591593
global gene expression profiling and antibiotic susceptibility after repeated exposure to the carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (corm-2) in multidrug-resistant esbl-producing uropathogenic escherichia coli.treatment of urinary tract infections is today a challenge due to the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant esbl-producing uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec). there is an urgent need for new treatment strategies for multidrug-resistant upec and preferably with targets that have low potential for development of resistance. carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (corms) are novel and potent antibacterial agents. the present study examines the transcriptomic targets of corm-2 in a multidrug- ...201728591134
living and conducting: coating individual bacterial cells with in situ formed polypyrrole.coating individual bacterial cells with conjugated polymers to endow them with more functionalities is highly desirable. here, we developed an in situ polymerization method to coat polypyrrole on the surface of individual shewanella oneidensis mr-1, escherichia coli, ochrobacterium anthropic or streptococcus thermophilus. all of these as-coated cells from different bacterial species displayed enhanced conductivities without affecting viability, suggesting the generality of our coating method. be ...201728590548
monitoring the retention of human proliferating cell nuclear antigen at primer/template junctions by proteins that bind single-stranded dna.in humans, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) sliding clamps encircling dna coordinate various aspects of dna metabolism throughout the cell cycle. a critical aspect of this is restricting pcna to the vicinity of its dna target site. for example, pcna must be maintained at or near primer/template (p/t) junctions during dna synthesis. with a diverse array of cellular factors implicated, many of which interact with pcna, dna, or both, it is unknown how this critical feat is achieved. furthe ...201728590137
antibacterial actions of glycinin basic peptide against escherichia coli.glycinin basic peptide (gbp) is an antibacterial ingredient that occurs naturally in the basic parts of soybean glycinin. the antibacterial actions of gbp against escherichia coli atcc 8739 were investigated in this study. the minimum inhibitory concentration of gbp against e. coli was 200 μg/ml. the exposure of e. coli cells to gbp induced significant cell damage and inactivated intracellular esterases (stressed and dead cells, 70.9% ± 0.04 for 200 μg/ml of gbp and 91.9% ± 0.06 for 400 μg/ml of ...201728590128
green synthesis of tea ag nanocomposite hydrogels via mint leaf extraction for effective antibacterial activity.in this report, we investigated the swelling behavior and antibacterial property of nanosilver composite hydrogels made from tea with polyacrylamide via a free-radical polymerization and green process technique. this is probably for the first time; tea-based nano silver composite hydrogels were developed. the composite hydrogels comprise embedded nano silver particles in the tea hydrogel matrix via a green process with mint leaf extract. the size of the nano silver particles in the hydrogel matr ...201728589745
strongly positive anti-ccp antibodies in patients with sacroiliitis or reactive arthritis post-e. coli infection: a mini case-series based review.we report here on four cases of patients with strongly positive anti-citrullinated cyclic peptides (anti-ccp) antibodies and clinical features of seronegative spondyloarthritis (spa) and reactive arthritis. the four patients had various clinical presentations: one had an initial diagnosis of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (ra) with involvement of the sacroiliac joints (similar to previous reports of the association of two diseases); one had a clinical picture of reactive arthritis following a ...201728589668
molecular insights into rna-binding properties of escherichia coli-expressed rna-dependent rna polymerase of antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (amcpv) is responsible for morbidity of the indian non-mulberry silkworm, a. mylitta. amcpv belongs to the family reoviridae and has 11 double-stranded (ds) rna genome segments (s1-s11). segment 2 (s2) encodes a 123-kda polypeptide with rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) activity. to examine the rna-binding properties of the viral polymerase, the full-length rdrp and its three domains (n-terminal, polymerase and c-terminal domains) were expressed ...201728589512
hydroxylation of human type iii collagen alpha chain by recombinant coexpression with a viral prolyl 4-hydroxylase in escherichia coli.high-level expression of recombinant collagen by genetic engineering is urgently required. recombinant collagen is different from natural collagen in its hydroxyproline (hyp) content and thermal stability. to obtain hydroxylated collagen for applications in biomedicine and biomaterials, the human collagen α1(iii) chain was co-expressed with the viral prolyl 4-hydroxylase a085r in escherichia coli. unlike previous reports using human prolyl 4-hydroxylase, this study examined the hydroxylation of ...201728589291
nitrate in drinking water and vegetables: intake and risk assessment in rural and urban areas of nagpur and bhandara districts of india.the study focuses on the estimation of health risk from nitrate present in the drinking water and vegetables in nagpur and bhandara districts in the state of maharashtra, india. drinking water samples from 77 locations from the rural as well as urban areas and 22 varieties of vegetable were collected and analyzed for the presence of nitrate for a period of 1 year (two seasons). the daily intake of nitrate from these water and vegetable samples was then computed and compared with standard accepta ...201728589276
the first acidobacterial laccase-like multicopper oxidase revealed by metagenomics shows high salt and thermo-tolerance.metagenomics is a powerful tool that allows identifying enzymes with novel properties from the unculturable component of microbiomes. however, thus far only a limited number of laccase or laccase -like enzymes identified through metagenomics has been subsequently biochemically characterized. this work describes the successful bio-mining of bacterial laccase-like enzymes in an acidic bog soil metagenome and the characterization of the first acidobacterial laccase-like multicopper oxidase (lmco). ...201728589226
microrna-21 limits uptake of listeria monocytogenes by macrophages to reduce the intracellular niche and control infection.mirnas are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. mirna expression is a crucial part of host responses to bacterial infection, however there is limited knowledge of their impact on the outcome of infections. we investigated the influence of mir-21 on macrophage responses during infection with listeria monocytogenes, which establishes an intracellular niche within macrophages. mir-21 is induced following infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdms) with listeria. mi ...201728589100
molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of four novel thermo-alkaliphilic enzymes retrieved from a metagenomic library.enzyme discovery is a promising approach to aid in the deconstruction of recalcitrant plant biomass in an industrial process. novel enzymes can be readily discovered by applying metagenomics on whole microbiomes. our goal was to select, examine, and characterize eight novel glycoside hydrolases that were previously detected in metagenomic libraries, to serve biotechnological applications with high performance.201728588643
cloning and expression of fragment of the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene in escherichia coli and evaluation of antigenicity of the expression product.rabies virus nucleoprotein (n protein) encapsidates genomic rna of the virus and forms the viral ribonucleoprotein complex. these n proteins represent highly organized structures which activate proliferation of b cells and production antibodies against the n protein. in addition to the b cell, the rabies virus n protein has been shown to induce potent t helper cell responses resulting in a long-lasting and strong humoral immune response. rabies virus n protein is a molecular target of choice for ...201728588631
gut-associated lymphoid tissue: a key tissue inside the mucosal immune system of hens immunized with escherichia coli f4.immunoglobulin y (igy) is the predominant antibody found in hen's (gallus domesticus) egg yolk. this antibody, developed against several microorganisms in hen egg yolk, has been successfully used as an alternative to immunoglobulins from mammals for use in immunodiagnostics and immunotherapy. enteropathogenic escherichia coli (e.coli) f4 is the main etiological agent associated with swine neonatal diarrhea, and it causes notable economic losses in swine production. the aim of the present study w ...201728588575
biosecurity practices and causes of enteritis on ontario meat rabbit farms.infectious enterocolitis is a significant cause of mortality in meat rabbits. disease risk is enhanced by intensive rearing practices and poor on-farm biosecurity. this investigation was undertaken in farmed meat rabbits during an ontario-wide outbreak of enteritis with high mortality to determine the prevalence of causative agents. a survey evaluating on-farm biosecurity practices was also conducted to identify potential means of pathogen contamination and zoonotic risks. gross and microscopic ...201728588327
spatial distribution and ribosome-binding dynamics of ef-p in live escherichia coli.in vitro assays find that ribosomes form peptide bonds to proline (pro) residues more slowly than to other residues. ribosome profiling shows that stalling at pro-pro-x triplets is especially severe but is largely alleviated in escherichia coli by the action of elongation factor ef-p. ef-p and its eukaryotic/archaeal homolog if5a enhance the peptidyl transfer step of elongation. here, a superresolution fluorescence localization and tracking study of ef-p-meos2 in live e. coli provides the first ...201728588135
the rcs-regulated colanic acid capsule maintains membrane potential in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.the rcs phosphorelay and psp (phage shock protein) systems are envelope stress responses that are highly conserved in gammaproteobacteria. the rcs regulon was found to be strongly induced during metal deprivation of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lacking the psp response. nineteen genes activated by the rcsa-rcsb response regulator make up an operon responsible for the production of colanic acid capsular polysaccharide, which promotes biofilm development. despite more than half a centur ...201728588134
novel nonreplicating vaccinia virus vector enhances expression of heterologous genes and suppresses synthesis of endogenous viral proteins.viruses are used as expression vectors for protein synthesis, immunology research, vaccines, and therapeutics. advantages of poxvirus vectors include the accommodation of large amounts of heterologous dna, the presence of a cytoplasmic site of transcription, and high expression levels. on the other hand, competition of approximately 200 viral genes with the target gene for expression and immune recognition may be disadvantageous. we describe a vaccinia virus (vacv) vector that uses an early prom ...201728588133
enteroaggregative escherichia coli adherence fimbriae drive inflammatory cell recruitment via interactions with epithelial muc1.enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) causes diarrhea and intestinal inflammation worldwide. eaec strains are characterized by the presence of aggregative adherence fimbriae (aaf), which play a key role in pathogenesis by mediating attachment to the intestinal mucosa and by triggering host inflammatory responses. here, we identify the epithelial transmembrane mucin muc1 as an intestinal host cell receptor for eaec, demonstrating that aaf-mediated interactions between eaec and muc1 facilitate ...201728588132
complete biosynthesis of anthocyanins using e. coli polycultures.fermentation-based chemical production strategies provide a feasible route for the rapid, safe, and sustainable production of a wide variety of important chemical products, ranging from fuels to pharmaceuticals. these strategies have yet to find wide industrial utilization due to their inability to economically compete with traditional extraction and chemical production methods. here, we engineer for the first time the complex microbial biosynthesis of an anthocyanin plant natural product, start ...201728588129
a randomized controlled trial of sitafloxacin vs. ertapenem as a switch therapy after treatment for acute pyelonephritis caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing escherichia coli: a pilot study.the overuse and misuse of carbapenems have contributed to the antibiotic resistance crisis. the role of oral fluoroquinolones as a switch therapy for the treatment of urinary tract infection from escherichia coli (esbl-ec) is limited.201728587974
expression and comparative characterization of complete and c-terminally truncated forms of saccharifying α-amylase from lactobacillus plantarum s21.lactobacillus plantarum s21 α-amylase possesses 475 amino acids at the c-terminal region identified as the starch-binding domain (sbd) and has been previously reported to play a role in raw starch degradation. to understand the specific roles of this sbd, cloning and expression of the complete (amyl9) and c-terminally truncated (amyl9δsbd) forms of α-amylase were conducted for enzyme purification and comparative characterization. amyl9 and amyl9δsbd were overproduced in escherichia coli at appro ...201728587961
elevating 4-hydroxycoumarin production through alleviating thioesterase-mediated salicoyl-coa degradation.acyl-coas are essential intermediates in the biosynthetic pathways of a number of industrially and pharmaceutically important molecules. when these pathways are reconstituted in a heterologous microbial host for metabolic engineering purposes, the acyl-coas may be subject to undesirable hydrolysis by the host's native thioesterases, resulting in a waste of cellular energy and decreased intermediate availability, thus impairing bioconversion efficiency. 4-hydroxycoumarin (4hc) is a direct synthet ...201728587908
[a family history of renal lithiasis in children diagnosed of urinary tract infection by escherichia coli].urinary tract infections (uti) caused by escherichia coli (e. coli) are common in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. as both uti and hypercalciuria (prelithiasis) have a genetic basis, we wanted to know whether the family history of urolithiasis is more common in children with utis caused by e. coli. secondarily, we wondered if the renal scars are more common in children with prelithiasis.201728587907
effect of physicochemical properties of peptides from soy protein on their antimicrobial activity.antimicrobial peptides (amps) kill microbial cells through insertion and damage/permeabilization of the cytoplasmic cell membranes and has applications in food safety and antibiotic replacement. soy protein is an attractive, abundant natural source for commercial production of amps. in this research, explicit solvent molecular dynamics (md) simulation was employed to investigate the effects of (i) number of total and net charges, (ii) hydrophobicity (iii) hydrophobic moment and (iv) helicity of ...201728587835
evaluation of anti-botulinum neurotoxin single domain antibodies with additional optimization for improved production and stability.botulinum neurotoxin (bont) is a highly potent and lethal toxin, which even in minute quantities can lead to death. bont occurs in seven well described serotypes, a-g, and it is critical to not only detect the presence of bont, but also to determine the serotype to which a person has been exposed, as the degree of toxicity and persistence of symptoms varies greatly between the various types. recently, conway et al. 2010 developed single domain antibodies (sdab), the recombinant variable domains ...201728587791
ppgpp and cytotoxicity diversity in shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolates.shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) is a known food pathogen, which main reservoir is the intestine of ruminants. the abundance of different stec lineages in nature reflect a heterogeneity that is characterised by the differential expression of certain genotypic characteristics, which in turn are influenced by the environmental conditions to which the microorganism is exposed. bacterial homeostasis and stress response are under the control of the alarmone guanosine tetraphosphate (ppgp ...201728587697
species differences in ciprofloxacin resistance among gram-negative bacteria: can "anti-mutant" ratios of the area under the concentration-time curve to the mic be achieved clinically?to explore if the 'anti-mutant' ratios of 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (auc24) to the mic overlap the clinically attainable auc24/mics, the selection of ciprofloxacin-resistant escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoniae mutants was studied in dynamic model that simulates human pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin. four strains each of e. coli and p. aeruginosa and three strains of k. pneumoniae were exposed to ciprofloxacin over a 50-400-fold range of the auc ...201728587559
evaluation of the effect of recombinant thrombomodulin on a lipopolysaccharide-induced murine sepsis model.to evaluate the effect of recombinant human thrombomodulin (rtm) on sepsis, the levels of nucleosome as well as high-mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) and cytokines in sera and peritoneal fluids were measured in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced sepsis after administration of rtm. c57bl/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with lps (15 mg/kg; escherichia coli o111:b4) with or without the intravenous administration of rtm (3 mg/kg; 30 min prior to or 2 h after lps injection). the sur ...201728587368
biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles using a biosurfactant extracted from corn and their antimicrobial properties.a new and promising biosurfactant extracted from corn steep liquor has been used for the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (nps) in a one-step procedure induced by temperature. most of the biosurfactants proposed in the literature are produced by pathogenic microorganisms; whereas the biosurfactant used in the current work was extracted from a liquid stream, fermented spontaneously by lactic acid bacteria, which are "generally recognized as safe" (gras) microorganisms. the reducti ...201728587297
impact of sweet potato starch-based nanocomposite films activated with thyme essential oil on the shelf-life of baby spinach leaves.salmonella typhimurium (s. typhi) and escherichia coli (e. coli) have been responsible for an increasing number of outbreaks linked to fresh produce, such as baby spinach leaves, in the last two decades. more recently, antimicrobial biodegradable packaging systems have been attracting much attention in the food packaging industry as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional plastic packaging. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of antibacterial nanocomposite films on inoculate ...201728587199
case finding using syndromic surveillance data during an outbreak of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o26 infections, oregon, 2015.shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) causes an estimated 265 000 infections in the united states annually. of emerging non-o157:h7 stec serotypes, o26 is the most commonly recognized. during an outbreak of stec o26 in oregon in 2015, we used syndromic surveillance data to supplement case finding by laboratory reporting. from 157 records retrieved by querying syndromic surveillance data, we detected 4 confirmed and 5 suspected cases. however, none of the suspected cases were confirmed by ...201728586629
establishing an artificial pathway for de novo biosynthesis of vanillyl alcohol in escherichia coli.vanillyl alcohol is a phenolic alcohol and is used as a flavoring agent in foods and beverages. in this paper, we propose a novel artificial pathway for microbial production of vanillyl alcohol from simple carbon sources. the pathway extends from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-hba), and needs only three heterologous enzymes, p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (poba), carboxylic acid reductase (car) and caffeate o-methyltransferase (comt). first, we examined the promiscuous activity of comt toward 3,4-dihyd ...201728586214
interspecies cross-talk between co-cultured pseudomonas putida and escherichia coli.pseudomonas putida and escherichia coli are ubiquitous microorganisms that can be isolated from soil rhizosphere, the surface of vegetables, fresh waters and wastewaters - environments in which they likely co-exist. despite this, the potential interactions between these microbes have not been studied in detail. to analyse these interactions, we carried out rna-seq transcriptomic analysis of these microbes as monocultures and as co-cultures. our results show that co-culture of these microbes sign ...201728585781
neutralization of lipopolysaccharide by heat shock protein in pediococcus pentosaceus ak-23.about 1000 species of bacteria are present in the human intestine. some gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli or salmonella spp. among intestinal bacteria have lipopolysaccharide (lps), which might induce inflammation of human intestines. actually, lps, especially its lipid a constituent, is toxic. small amounts of lps in bacteria cause inflammation of mucosa and other tissues in humans. such bacteria may be regulated by beneficial lactic acid bacteria to maintain human health. many la ...201728585686
microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (maha) caused by non o157:h7 e-coli. 201728585607
single-mutation fitness landscapes for an enzyme on multiple substrates reveal specificity is globally encoded.our lack of total understanding of the intricacies of how enzymes behave has constrained our ability to robustly engineer substrate specificity. furthermore, the mechanisms of natural evolution leading to improved or novel substrate specificities are not wholly defined. here we generate near-comprehensive single-mutation fitness landscapes comprising >96.3% of all possible single nonsynonymous mutations for hydrolysis activity of an amidase expressed in e. coli with three different substrates. f ...201728585537
punicalagin protects bovine endometrial epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury.bovine endometritis is one of the most common reproductive disorders in cattle. the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammation potential of punicalagin in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced bovine endometrial epithelial cells (beecs) and to uncover the underlying mechanisms.201728585424
improved sample preparation for direct quantitative detection of escherichia coli o157 in soil using qpcr without pre-enrichment.the prominence of fresh produce as a vehicle for foodborne pathogens such as enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157 is rising, where disease cases can cause hospitalization and in some cases death. this rise emphasises the necessity for accurate and sensitive methods for detection of pathogens in soil, potential sources of contamination of fresh produce. the complexity of the soil matrix has previously proven prohibitive to pathogen detection via molecular methods without the use of a c ...201728585286
a novel nitrilase from ralstonia eutropha h16 and its application to nicotinic acid production.a novel aliphatic nitrilase, reh16, was found in ralstonia eutropha h16 and overexpressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3), and its enzymatic properties were studied. the temperature and ph optima were 37 °c and 6.6, respectively, and the best thermostability of the nitrilase was observed at 25 °c, which preserved 95% of activity after 120 h of incubation. reh16 has a broad hydrolytic activity toward aliphatic and heterocyclic nitriles and showed high tolerance of 3-cyanopyridine; this enzyme could ...201728585068
nosocomial infections and antibiotic resistance pattern in open-heart surgery patients at imam ali hospital in kermanshah, iran.background: patients undergoing open heart surgery have a relatively high risk of acquiring nosocomial infections. the development of antibiotic-resistant infections is associated with prolonged hospital stays and mortalities. objectives: the present study was conducted to investigate nosocomial infections and the antibiotic resistance pattern in bacteria causing these infections in open heart surgery patients at imam ali hospital in kermanshah in the west of iran over a 4-year period from march ...201728584733
isolation rate and clinical significance of uropathogens in positive urine cultures of hemodialysis patients.hemodialysis (hd) patients are known to be vulnerable to infections. however, there are limited data on the urine microbiology spectrum among patients with end-stage renal disease and on the development of antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens in these patients.201728584456
e. coli promotes human vγ9vδ2 t cell transition from cytokine-producing bactericidal effectors to professional phagocytic killers in a tcr-dependent manner.γδt cells provide immune-surveillance and host defense against infection and cancer. surprisingly, functional details of γδt cell antimicrobial immunity to infection remain largely unexplored. limited data suggests that γδt cells can phagocytose particles and act as professional antigen-presenting cells (papc). these potential functions, however, remain controversial. to better understand γδt cell-bacterial interactions, an ex vivo co-culture model of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbm ...201728584241
rapid identification of different escherichia coli sequence type 131 clades.escherichia coli sequence type 131 (st131) is a pandemic clonal lineage that is responsible for the global increase in fluoroquinolone resistance and extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (esbl) producers. the members of st131 clade c, especially subclades c2 and c1-m27, are associated with esbls. we developed a multiplex conventional pcr assay with the ability to detect all st131 clades (a, b, and c), as well as c subclades (c1-m27, c1-nm27 [c1-non-m27], and c2). to validate the assay, we used 80 st131 ...201728584160
genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant escherichia coli from north carolina community hospitals: ongoing circulation of ctx-m-producing st131-h30rx and st131-h30r1 strains.escherichia coli sequence type 131 (st131) predominates globally among multidrug-resistant (mdr) e. coli strains. we used whole-genome sequencing (wgs) to investigate 63 mdr e. coli isolates from 7 north carolina community hospitals (2010 to 2015). of these, 39 (62%) represented st131, including 37 (95%) from the st131-h30r subclone: 10 (27%) from its h30r1 subset and 27 (69%) from its h30rx subset. st131 core genomes differed by a median of 15 (range, 0 to 490) single-nucleotide variants (snvs) ...201728584139
temporal changes of oxidative stress markers in escherichia coli k1-induced experimental meningitis in a neonatal rat model.despite advances in antimicrobial therapy and advanced critical care neonatal bacterial meningitis has a mortality rate of over 10% and induces neurological sequelae in 20-50% of cases. escherichia coli k1 (e. coli k1) is the most common gram-negative organism causing neonatal meningitis and is the second most common cause behind group b streptococcus. we previously reported that an e. coli k1 experimental meningitis infection in neonatal rats resulted in habituation and aversive memory impairme ...201728583583
developing and utilizing controlled human models of infection.the controlled human infection model (chim) to assess the efficacy of vaccines against shigella and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) has several unique features that could significantly enhance the ability to test candidate vaccines. despite increasing interest in these models, questions remain as to how to best incorporate them into vaccine development and how to maximize results. we designed a workshop focused on chim as part of the vaccines against shigella and etec (vase) conference. ...201728583306
comparison between the effects of potassium phosphite and chitosan on changes in the concentration of cucurbitacin e and on antibacterial property of cucumis sativus.cucurbitacins are mostly found in the members of the family cucurbitaceae and are responsible for the bitter taste of cucumber. pharmacological activities such as anti-bacterial and anti-tumor effects have been attributed to these structurally divers triterpens. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of potassium phosphite (kphi) and chitosan on cucurbitacin e (cue) concentration in different tissues of cucumis sativus. the antibacterial effect of plant ethanolic extracts was also e ...201728583179
biosynthesized gold and silver nanoparticles by aqueous fruit extract of chaenomeles sinensis and screening of their biomedical activities.the design of mild and non-toxic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is a topical subject in the nanotechnology field. the objective of this present study is to screen the bioactivity of biosynthesized nanoparticles by aqueous fruit extract of chaenomeles sinensis. the reducing and stabilizing ability of c. sinensis to fabricate gold (cs-aunps) and silver (cs-agnps) nanoparticles was confirmed by uv-visible (uv-vis) spectroscopy at 562 nm and 477 nm, respectively. the field-emission transmission ...201728583007
a novel anti-cd22 scfv-apoptin fusion protein induces apoptosis in malignant b-cells.cd22 marker is a highly internalizing antigen which is located on the surface of b-cells and is being used as a promising target for treatment of b cell malignancies. monoclonal antibodies targeting cd22 have been introduced and some are currently under investigation in clinical trials. building on the success of antibody drug conjugates, we developed a fusion protein consisting of a novel anti-cd22 scfv and apoptin and tested binding and therapeutic effects in lymphoma cells. the recombinant pr ...201728582973
stress-responsively modulated ymdab-clsc operon plays a role in biofilm formation and apramycin susceptibility in escherichia coli.the ymdb protein, an inhibitor of biofilm formation and an inducer of apramycin susceptibility in escherichia coli (e. coli), is part of a putative operon. however, transcription of this operon and its subsequent effects on biological pathways has not been fully studied. here, we characterized the operon in terms of promoter activity, transcription and function. promoter activity assays identified two new growth- and cold-shock-responsive upstream (pymda) and inner (pclsc) promoters, respectivel ...201728582517
cytochrome p450 enzyme rosc catalyzes a multistep oxidation reaction to form the non-active compound 20-carboxyrosamicin.the cytochrome p450 enzyme rosc catalyzes a two-step, hydroxylation and alcohol oxidation, oxidation reaction to form the c-20 formyl group in the biosynthesis of a 16-membered macrolide antibiotic rosamicin produced by micromonospora rosaria ifo13697. rosc is presumed to be involved in the formation of 20-carboxyrosamicin because it has been isolated from the culture broth of m. rosaria. here, we confirmed that rosc has catalytic activity, with e. coli expressing rosc converting rosamicin into ...201728582504
what do the pictures say-snapshots of a career.what follows are snapshots of my career in chicken eyes, yeast and rhodospirillum rubrum, castor beans, escherichia coli and finally yeast again. in contrast, only a few of the failures that realistically make up a career are included. it is a tale of the generosity and influences of those who shaped what i am and what i learned in a wonderful profession. the science described is only that which i was lucky enough to do or was performed in my laboratory by those who really deserve the credit for ...201728582501
engineered control of genetic variability reveals interplay among quorum sensing, feedback regulation, and biochemical noise.stochastic fluctuations in gene expression trigger both beneficial and harmful consequences for cell behavior. therefore, achieving a desired mean protein expression level while minimizing noise is of interest in many applications, including robust protein production systems in industrial biotechnology. here, we consider a synthetic gene circuit combining intracellular negative feedback and cell-to-cell communication based on quorum sensing. accounting for both intrinsic and extrinsic noise, sto ...201728581725
fine epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies to the dna repair protein, rada.repair of dna damage is vital to the health and survival of all organisms. in escherichia coli, a protein known as rada (or sms) participates in recombinational repair, a process that uses an undamaged dna strand in one dna duplex to fill a gap in a homologous dna strand in a sister dna duplex. in a prior report, we described the production of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for rada. here, we investigated the epitopes recognized by two of the antibodies, mabs 6f5 and 2a2. premature stop c ...201728581365
crystallization and x-ray diffraction analysis of spae, a basal pilus protein from the gut-adapted lactobacillus rhamnosus gg.spae is the predicted basal pilin subunit in the sortase-dependent spafed pilus from the gut-adapted and commensal lactobacillus rhamnosus gg. thus far, structural characterization of the cell-wall-anchoring basal pilins has remained difficult and has been limited to only a few examples from pathogenic genera and species. to gain a further structural understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the anchoring and assembly of sortase-dependent pili in less harmful bacteria, l. rh ...201728580919
crystal structure of rv1220c, a sam-dependent o-methyltransferase from mycobacterium tuberculosis.rv1220c from mycobacterium tuberculosis is annotated as an o-methyltransferase (mtbomt). currently, no structural information is available for this protein. here, the crystal structure of mtbomt refined to 2.0 å resolution is described. the structure reveals the presence of a methyltransferase fold and shows clear electron density for one molecule of s-adenosylmethionine (sam), which was apparently bound by the protein during its production in escherichia coli. although the overall structure of ...201728580918
burden of antimicrobial resistance in an era of decreasing susceptibility.antimicrobial resistance has become a global problem. many pathogens are becoming multidrug-resistant with the attendant increased risk of failure of standard therapies and the under-recognised outcomes such as increased morbidity, mortality, length of hospitalization and costs of treatment. areas covered: we undertook a review of the literature using standard search engines including pubmed, google scholar, scopus and internet sources. key search terms included antimicrobial resistance, antibio ...201728580804
random sequences are an abundant source of bioactive rnas or peptides.it is generally assumed that new genes arise through duplication and/or recombination of existing genes. the probability that a new functional gene could arise out of random non-coding dna is so far considered to be negligible, since it seems unlikely that such a rna or protein sequence could have an initial function that influences the fitness of an organism. we have here tested this question systematically, by expressing clones with random sequences in e . coli and subjecting them to competiti ...201728580432
prediction of hopeless peptides unlikely to be selected for targeted proteome analysis.in targeted proteomics using liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (lc/ms/ms) in the selected reaction monitoring (srm) mode, selecting the best observable or visible peptides is a key step in the development of srm assay methods of target proteins. a direct comparison of signal intensities among all candidate peptides by brute-force lc/ms/ms analysis is a concrete approach for peptide selection. however, the analysis requires an srm method with hundreds of transitions ...201728580222
characterization of annexin v fusion with the superfolder gfp in liposomes binding and apoptosis detection.programed cell death is a critical and unavoidable part of life. one of the most widely used markers for dying cells, by apoptosis or pyroptosis, is the redistribution of phosphatidylserine (ps) from the inner to the outer plasma membrane leaflet. annexin v protein is a sensitive and specific probe to mark this event because of its high affinity to the exposed ps. beyond that, annexin v can bind to any ps-containing phospholipid bilayer of almost all tiny forms of membranous vesicles like blood ...201728579961
detection of the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene in clinical kpc-2-producing escherichia coli isolates in brazil. 201728579456
expression, purification and characterization of a novel recombinant svtle, r-agkihpin-2, from gloydius halys pallas venom gland in escherichia coli.in our previous work, a thrombin-like enzyme (tle), agkihpin, was successfully isolated, purified, cloned and named from the venom of gloydius halys pallas, having fibrinolytic, fibrinogenolytic and thrombosis-reduced activities, attenuating migration of liver cancer cell, and without bleeding risk. to explore the possibility of agkihpin as a thrombolytic and/or anti-metastasis agent in the future, in this study recombinant agkihpin was expressed and purified in escherichia coli, and its biologi ...201728579355
combined spontaneous bacterial empyema and peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites and hepatic hydrothorax.spontaneous bacterial empyema (sbem) is an underestimated condition in patients with ascites and hepatic hydrothorax with a high mortality. this study aimed to find whether spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) is a prerequisite for sbem.201728579346
new insights into pradimicin biosynthesis revealed by two o-methyltransferases.pradimicins are a group of antiviral and antifungal natural products from actinomadura hibisca. two putative o-methyltransferase genes, pdmf and pdmt, are present in the pradimicin biosynthetic gene cluster. however, there is only one methoxy group (11-och3) in pradimicins. through heterologous expression and in vitro reactions with various substrates, pdmf was characterized as the c-11 o-methyltransferase with a relatively broad substrate specificity. to probe the role of pdmt in pradimicin bio ...201728579330
current status on metabolic engineering for the production of l-aspartate family amino acids and derivatives.the l-aspartate amino acids (afaas) are constituted of l-aspartate, l-lysine, l-methionine, l-threonine and l-isoleucine. except for l-aspartate, afaas are essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by humans and most farm animals, and thus possess wide applications in food, animal feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. to date, a number of amino acids, including afaas have been industrially produced by microbial fermentation. however, the overall metabolic and regulatory mechanism ...201728579173
synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of novel quinazolinone-based inhibitors of mura.mura is an intracellular bacterial enzyme that is essential for peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and is therefore an important target for antibacterial drug discovery. we report the synthesis, in silico studies and extensive structure-activity relationships of a series of quinazolinone-based inhibitors of mura from escherichia coli. 3-benzyloxyphenylquinazolinones showed promising inhibitory potencies against mura, in the low micromolar range, with an ic50 of 8µm for the most potent derivative (58). ...201728579123
chain length effect on the structure and stability of antimicrobial peptides of the (rw)n series.three peptides containing (rw)n-nh2 units (where n=4, 6, and 8) have been chosen to study the effect of the chain length on the structure and stability of the peptide using fourier transform infrared (ftir), scanning electron microscopy (sem), thermogravimetric analysis (tga), and differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) techniques. their interactions with escherichia coli (e. coli) membrane mimetic vesicles are discussed. infrared results indicate that addition of (rw)n-nh2 units increases inter ...201728578996
prokaryotic functional expression and activity comparison of three cyp9a genes from the polyphagous pest helicoverpa armigera.cytochrome p450s (cyps or p450s) have been long recognized as very important enzymes in the metabolism of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds, but only a few cyps have been functionally characterized in insects. the effort in functional characterization of insect p450s is heavily hindered by technical difficulties in preparing active, individual p450 enzymes directly from the target insect. in this paper, we describe the functional expression of two additional pyrethroid resistance-associated cy ...201728578718
preparation of pompon-like zno-pani heterostructure and its applications for the treatment of typical water pollutants under visible light.until now, the treatment of multiple water pollutants by using one simple material has still been a challenge. pompon-like zno-polyaniline heterostructures with different content of polyaniline as out-layer were synthesized by hydrothermal method and hybridization. their several applications were subsequently investigated for water pollutants treatment including photo-degradation of organic pollutants, photo-induced adsorption of heavy metal ions (hg(ii), cr(vi)) and inactivation of pathogenic b ...201728578229
organic compounds stimulate horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in mixed wastewater treatment systems.domestic wastewater treatment plants as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (args) have received much attention, but the effect of dyes on the propagation of args has rarely been investigated. in this study, we investigated the differences in distributions of args and microbial communities using high-throughput qpcr and 16s rrna gene sequencing, respectively, between mixed (dyeing and domestic) wastewater and domestic sewage. the relative abundance of args in inflows of mixed wastewater ( ...201728578196
virulence genes, shiga toxin subtypes, major o-serogroups, and phylogenetic background of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli strains isolated from cattle in iran.the aim of this study was to investigate the virulence potential of the isolated bovine stec for humans in iran. in this study a collection of stec strains (n = 50) had been provided via four stages, including sampling from feces of cattle, e. coli isolation, molecular screening of shiga toxin (stx) genes, and saving the stec strains from various geographical areas in iran. the stec isolates were subjected to stx-subtyping, o-serogrouping, and phylo-grouping by conventional polymerase chain reac ...201728578089
role of antioxidant defence, renal toxicity markers and inflammatory cascade in disease progression of acute pyelonephritis in experimental rat model.urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections affecting millions of people each year worldwide. the animal model provides an excellent and suitable system for studying cystitis and pyelonephritis caused by escherichia coli and other uropathogens. using this established model, we evaluate the role of antioxidant defence system, renal injury markers, and blood parameters in the diseases progression during escherichia coli infection on 0(th) day, 12h and 7(th) day. the antioxida ...201728578087
impact of selective reporting of antibiotic susceptibility test results on the appropriateness of antibiotics chosen by french general practitioners in urinary tract infections: a randomised controlled case-vignette study.selective reporting of antibiotic susceptibility test (ast) results is a potential intervention for laboratory-based antibiotic stewardship. the aim of this study was to assess the impact of ast reporting on the appropriateness of antibiotics selected by french general practitioners for urinary tract infections (utis). a randomised controlled case-vignette study in a region of northeast france surveyed general practitioners between july and october 2015 on treatment of four clinical cases of com ...201728577933
fermentation of lactose to ethanol in cheese whey permeate and concentrated permeate by engineered escherichia coli.whey permeate is a lactose-rich effluent remaining after protein extraction from milk-resulting cheese whey, an abundant dairy waste. the lactose to ethanol fermentation can complete whey valorization chain by decreasing dairy waste polluting potential, due to its nutritional load, and producing a biofuel from renewable source at the same time. wild type and engineered microorganisms have been proposed as fermentation biocatalysts. however, they present different drawbacks (e.g., nutritional sup ...201728577554
antibacterial, modulatory activity of antibiotics and toxicity from rhinella jimi (stevaux, 2002) (anura: bufonidae) glandular secretions.the increase in microorganisms with resistance to medications has caused a strong preoccupation within the medical and scientific community. animal toxins studies, such as parotoid glandular secretions from amphibians, possesses a great potential in the development of drugs, such as antimicrobials, as these possess bioactive compounds. it was evaluated rhinella jimi (stevaux, 2002) glandular secretions against standard and multi-resistant bacterial strains; the effect of secretions combined with ...201728577494
characterization of a β-glucosidase from paenibacillus species and its application for succinic acid production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate.in this study, a β-glucosidase from paenibacillus sp. m1 was expressed in e. coli bl21(de3), purified and characterized. the specific activity of purified bgla was 137.64u·mg(-1) protein with optimal temperature and ph of 50°c and 6.0. furthermore, bgla shows excellent adaption to various environmental factors such as temperature, ph and metal ions. engineered e. coli suc260 was further reconstructed by overexpressing the β-glucosidase for achieving direct cellobiose utilization, which could eff ...201728577479
dendrimer-functionalized electrospun nanofibres as dual-action water treatment membranes.this work reports the preparation of composite electrospun membranes combining antimicrobial action with the capacity of retaining low-molecular weight non-polar pollutants. the membranes were electrospun blends of polyvinyl alcohol (pva) and poly(acrylic acid) (paa) stabilized using heat curing. the membranes were functionalized by grafting amino-terminated poly(amidoamine) (pamam) g3 dendrimers. the antimicrobial effect was assessed using strains of escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus b ...201728577408
evaluation of synergy and bacterial regrowth in photocatalytic ozonation disinfection of municipal wastewater.the use of solar and ultraviolet titanium dioxide photocatalytic ozonation processes to inactivate waterborne pathogens (escherichia coli, salmonella species, shigella species and vibrio cholerae) in synthetic water and secondary municipal wastewater effluent is presented. the performance indicators were bacterial inactivation efficiency, post-disinfection regrowth and synergy effects (collaboration) between ozonation and photocatalysis (photocatalytic ozonation). photocatalytic ozonation effect ...201728577398
a double knockout mutant of acyl-glucose-dependent anthocyanin glucosyltransferase genes in delphinium grandiflorum.blue coloration in delphinium flowers arises from 7-polyacylated anthocyanins which are modified alternately with acyl and glucosyl residues at the 7 position of the aglycone. previously, we identified two independent genes for acyl-glucose-dependent anthocyanin 7-(6-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)-glucoside) glucosyltransferases (aa7bg-gt); recombinant proteins from the two cdnas were produced in escherichia coli and showed aa7bg-gt activity in vitro. here, a double knockout mutant of both genes was found t ...201728577387
the malate sensing two-component system maekr is a non-canonical class of sensory complex for c4-dicarboxylates.microbial colonization of different environments is enabled to a great extent by the plasticity of their sensory mechanisms, among them, the two-component signal transduction systems (tcs). here, an example of tcs plasticity is presented: the regulation of l-malate catabolism via malic enzyme by maerk in lactobacillales. maekr belongs to the citrate family of tcs as the escherichia coli dcusr system. we show that the lactobacillus casei histidine-kinase maek is defective in autophosphorylation a ...201728577341
acute toxic effect of sewage effluent on the early life phase of an estuarine crab scylla serrata.the biological quality of secondary treated sewage effluent was evaluated using a toolbox approach, which combined a larval developmental bioassay and measurement of fecal indicator organisms. the zoea developmental toxicity of scylla serrata from stage i to stage ii was determined by exposing to a range of secondary treated sewage concentrations. results indicated that the relative progress of zoea stage i to zoea stage ii negatively correlated with increasing sewage concentrations. data was an ...201728577142
detection of typhoid fever by diatom-based optical biosensor.surface-modified diatom substrates are employed for the development of immunocomplex-based optical biosensor for diagnosis of typhoid. biosensor has been prepared by covalent immobilization of salmonella typhi antibody onto the crosslinked diatom substrates via glutaraldehyde. photoluminescent (pl) studies revealed good specificity and ability of conjugated diatom substrates to distinguish complementary (s. typhi) and non-complementary (escherichia coli) antigens. the immunocomplexed biosensor s ...201728577141
ketones 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, and 2-undecanone inhibit dnak-dependent refolding of heat-inactivated bacterial luciferases in escherichia coli cells lacking small chaperon ibpb.many bacteria, fungi, and plants produce volatile organic compounds (vocs) emitted to the environment. bacterial vocs play an important role in interactions between microorganisms and in bacterial-plant interactions. here, we show that such vocs as ketones 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, and 2-undecanone inhibit the dnakje-clpb bichaperone dependent refolding of heat-inactivated bacterial luciferases. the inhibitory activity of ketones had highest effect in escherichia coli ibpb::kan cells lacking smal ...201728577028
anaerobic copper toxicity and iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis in escherichia coli.while copper is an essential trace element in biology, pollution of groundwater from copper has become a threat to all living organisms. cellular mechanisms underlying copper toxicity, however, are still not fully understood. previous studies have shown that iron-sulfur proteins are among the primary targets of copper toxicity in escherichia coli under aerobic conditions. here, we report that, under anaerobic conditions, iron-sulfur proteins in e. coli cells are even more susceptible to copper i ...201728576762
mathermycin, a lantibiotic from the marine actinomycete marinactinospora thermotolerans scsio 00652.lantibiotics are antimicrobial peptides belonging to the family of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (ripps) and feature thioether linkages in their structures. in this study, we identified the biosynthetic gene cluster of a cinnamycin analog, named mathermycin, from marinactinospora thermotolerans scsio 00652 and reconstituted its biosynthesis in streptomyces lividans and escherichia coli key posttranslational modification enzymes of mathermycin were characterize ...201728576760
nontoxic outer membrane vesicles efficiently increase the efficacy of an influenza vaccine in mice and ferrets.in this study, we developed a further-modified outer membrane vesicle (fmomv) from the δmsbb/δpagp mutant of escherichia coli transformed with the plasmid, plpxf, in order to use it as an adjuvant for pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) influenza vaccine. we evaluated the efficacy of the ph1n1 influenza vaccine containing the fmomv in animal models as compared to the commercial adjuvants, alum or addavax(tm). the fmomv-adjuvanted ph1n1 influenza vaccine induced a significant increase in the humoral immunity; ...201728576571
stepwise characterization of non-synonymous mutations in the hsv-1 thymidine kinase gene by different functional assays.twenty amino acid substitutions in the thymidine kinase (tk) of clinical herpes simplex virus type 1 strains were assessed for conferring acyclovir (acv) resistance. site-directed mutagenesis, cell-free protein synthesis and protein expression in escherichia coli were performed to obtain recombinant tk proteins, which were authenticated by western blotting. a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was carried out to determine the phosphorylation activity of the mutants towards 5-brom ...201728576448
[molecular epidemiology and kinetics of early escherichia coli urinary tract infections in kidney transplant recipients].escherichia coli strains causing urinary tract infections (uti) have a fecal origin.201728576434
[hygienic-sanitary quality in abattoirs from tucuman province, argentina. detection, isolation and characterization of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli].cattle are the main reservoir of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), and the strategies to prevent the transmission of these microorganisms are concentrated in the slaughtering plant. the aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary quality and the frequency of detection of stec in beef carcasses in abattoirs from tucuman province. two hundred and seventy four beef carcass sponges were processed; the count of generic e. coli was marginal in 9 (3,3%) of them. escherichia col ...201728576333
electrospinning of ag nanowires/polyvinyl alcohol hybrid nanofibers for their antibacterial properties.in order to developing a sort of flexible fibrous mats with outstanding and durable antibacterial activates, silver nanowires incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (pva) nanofibers were fabricated by electrospun method. uniform ag nanowires (nws) were synthesized through a template-free method of solvothermal combined with polyol process, and then, they were dispersed in pva solution. at last, ag nws embedded in pva (ag nws/pva) hybrid nanofibrous films were gained by electrospun of the mixed solu ...201728576041
graphene oxide nanoribbons as nanomaterial for bone regeneration: effects on cytotoxicity, gene expression and bactericidal effect.graphene oxide nanoribbons (o-gnr) surges as an interesting nanomaterial for biomedical applications due to feasibility to incorporate functional groups and possible bactericidal properties. herein, high concentrations of o-gnr were biologically evaluated using human osteoblast cells and gram positive and negative bacteria. briefly, our goal were to evaluate: (1) synthetic pathway, (2) characterization and (3) effects of o-gnr composition and structural factors as a new approach for biomedical a ...201728575993
characterisation of polyamide 11/copper antimicrobial composites for medical device applications.direct incorporation of antimicrobial additive into the polymer matrix is a cost effective approach for the development of polymer/metal antimicrobial composites. application of these antimicrobial composite systems for manufacturing medical devices addresses the issue of device related infections. in the present study, commercially available inorganic copper based additive, plasticopper, was incorporated into a polyamide 11(pa 11) matrix during the polymer processing stage. these polymer compos ...201728575955
ag-bamoo4: er(3+)/yb(3+) photocatalyst for antibacterial application.silver loaded and er(3+)/yb(3+) doped bamoo4 octahedron microcrystals were fabricated by microwave hydrothermal process. the synthesized samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), field emission scanning electron microscopy (fesem), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (eds), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (uv-vis drs). the antibacterial application of samples were investigated by visible light irradiation and disk-diffusion method towards representative gram ...201728575953
tailor made alginate hydrogel for local infection prophylaxis in orthopedic applications.preventing implants associated infections is crucial in orthopedics. local delivery of antibiotics through implants is a promising strategy to solve this issue. in this study, alginate is tailored to control its swelling, entrapment and release of ciprofloxacin (antibiotic) through the formation of interpenetrating polymer network and composite matrices using gelatin and hydroxyapatite. developed matrices were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and scanni ...201728575938
effects of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents on intestinal flora in peritoneal fibrosis.this study aimed to investigate the effects of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (esas) on intestinal flora in peritoneal fibrosis.201728575883
extra precision docking, free energy calculation and molecular dynamics studies on glutamic acid derivatives as murd inhibitors.the binding modes of well known murd inhibitors have been studied using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (md) simulations. the docking results of inhibitors 1-30 revealed similar mode of interaction with escherichia coli-murd. further, residues thr36, arg37, his183, lys319, lys348, thr321, ser415 and phe422 are found to be important for inhibitors and e. coli-murd interactions. our docking procedure precisely predicted crystallographic bound inhibitor 7 as evident from root mean square d ...201728575732
quantitative analysis of phagosome formation and maturation using an escherichia coli probe expressing a tandem fluorescent protein.phagosome formation and maturation are essential innate immune mechanisms to engulf and digest foreign particles. to analyze these processes quantitatively, we established a specific escherichia coli probe expressing a tandem fluorescent protein, comprising glutathione s-transferase fused with monomeric cherry (mcherry) and monomeric venus (mvenus). we demonstrated that mvenus was more susceptible to bleaching in an acidic environment than mcherry, and that the mvenus:mcherry fluorescence intens ...201728575453
universal attenuators and their interactions with feedback loops in gene regulatory networks.using a combination of mathematical modelling, statistical simulation and large-scale data analysis we study the properties of linear regulatory chains (lrcs) within gene regulatory networks (grns). our modelling indicates that downstream genes embedded within lrcs are highly insulated from the variation in expression of upstream genes, and thus lrcs act as attenuators. this observation implies a progressively weaker functionality of lrcs as their length increases. when analyzing the preponderan ...201728575450
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