Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis e virus in patients with non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis in hungary. | many cases of acute hepatitis remain undiagnosed and the hepatitis e virus (hev) is emerging in industrialized countries. the aim of this study was to assess the role hev as causative agent in acute non-a, non-b, and non-c hepatitis patients in hungary. 10.5% of the 264 acute non-a, non-b, and non-c hepatitis patients tested had anti-hev igg and 1.9% had anti-hev igm as tested by elisa. after confirmation by western blot 6.1% of the acute non-a, non-b, and non-c hepatitis patients had anti-hev i ... | 2007 | 17516521 |
| unchanged high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) and hev rna among blood donors with an elevated alanine aminotransferase level in japan during 1991-2006. | hepatitis e is rare in japan but is occurring more frequently than previously thought. to investigate whether de novo subclinical infection of hepatitis e virus (hev) has recently increased in japan, hev rna was assayed in serum samples obtained from 4019 japanese voluntary blood donors with alanine aminotransferase (alt) of > or =61 iu/l, who are likely to have ongoing hev infection, during 1991-2006. the overall rates of igg-class antibody to hev (anti-hev igg), anti-hev igm/iga and hev rna am ... | 2007 | 17533550 |
| impact of viral hepatitis on apo- and lipoprotein status in blood. | to investigate the effect of viral hepatitis on serum levels of apo- and lipoproteins in different forms of liver diseases. | 2007 | 17541298 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus among male blood donors in tabriz, islamic republic of iran. | serum samples from 399 voluntary male blood donors were tested for anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg during july and august 2004 at a blood transfusion centre in tabriz city. the prevalence of anti-hev igg was 7.8% (95% ci: 5.2-10.4). risk factors for infection included age and a low educational level. seroprevalence increased significantly with age, from 3.3% in subjects under 30 years of age to 37.5% in individuals 50 years and over. illiterate individuals were at significantly higher risk for ... | 2007 | 17546911 |
| [characterization of antigenic epitopes of orf2 encoded proteins of hepatitis e virus genotype 4 identified in china]. | to characterize antigenic epitopes of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 4 that was first identified in china a few years ago, a recombinant protein, p166chn, encoded by hev genotype 4 orf2 was used to prepare anti-p166chn mcabs. simultaneously, twenty n- or c-terminal truncated p166chn proteins were generated. immunoreactivity between the mcabs and the truncated proteins as well as seven p166 recombinant proteins derived from different hev genotypes and subgenotypes was detected by indirect elisa ... | 2007 | 17548336 |
| hepatitis e vaccine. | 2007 | 17554127 | |
| acute viral hepatitis e and japanese encephalitis: an unusual co-occurrence. | 2007 | 17558086 | |
| hepatitis e vaccine. | 2007 | 17561526 | |
| transfusion-associated hepatitis e, france. | 2007 | 17561564 | |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis b and chronic hepatitis c. | to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) among patients with chronic hepatitis b and chronic hepatitis c, serum samples were collected between january and december 2004 from patients with chronic hepatitis b and chronic hepatitis c. | 2007 | 17570930 |
| [a case of fulminant hepatitis e treated with artificial liver support]. | a 40-year-old man, who had suffered from general malaise and brown urine during his stay in china, was admitted with remarkable jaundice and hepatocellular disorders soon after he returned to japan. because his coagulation test results worsened, he was transferred to our hospital. no evidence of hepatitis a-d virus infection, autoimmune hepatitis, or metabolic disorders was noticed. his prothrombin time was extended (18%), grade ii encephalopathy appeared on the second hospital day, and fulminan ... | 2007 | 17283417 |
| [immunogenicity of experimentally combined hepatitis a and hepatitis e vaccine at different dosage ratio]. | to evaluate the immunogenicity of experimentally combined hepatitis a and hepatitis e (cha+e) vaccine and analyze the interactions between the two antigenic components in vaccine. | 2007 | 17286906 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus rna in sera of patients with hepatitis e by polymerase chain reaction. | the duration of viremia during hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has rarely been reported. this study was undertaken to detect hev rna in sera of patients with hepatitis e and to understand the process of hev infection more thoroughly. | 2007 | 17287164 |
| identification of hendra virus g glycoprotein residues that are critical for receptor binding. | hendra virus (hev) is an emerging paramyxovirus capable of infecting and causing disease in a variety of mammalian species, including humans. the virus infects its host cells through the coordinated functions of its fusion (f) and attachment (g) glycoproteins, the latter of which is responsible for binding the virus receptors ephrinb2 and ephrinb3. in order to identify the receptor binding site, a panel of g glycoprotein constructs containing mutations was generated using an alanine-scanning mut ... | 2007 | 17376907 |
| t-cell epitope mapping of orf2 and orf3 proteins of human hepatitis e virus. | little data are available on cellular immune responses during infection with hepatitis e virus (hev). we therefore mapped cd4 t-cell epitopes in open reading frame (orf)2 and orf3 proteins of hev using lymphocyte proliferation assays and overlapping peptide libraries. proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 40 patients with acute hepatitis e and 21 healthy controls with recombinant hev orf2 protein or pools of overlapping hev orf2/orf3 peptides was measured. hla-dqb1 and hla-drb ... | 2007 | 17381721 |
| a survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by norway rats in baltimore, maryland, usa. | norway rats (rattus norvegicus) carry several zoonotic pathogens and because rats and humans live in close proximity in urban environments, there exists potential for transmission. to identify zoonotic agents carried by rats in baltimore, maryland, usa, we live-trapped 201 rats during 2005-2006 and screened them for a panel of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. antibodies against seoul virus (57.7%), hepatitis e virus (hev, 73.5%), leptospira interrogans (65.3%), bartonella elizabethae (34.1%), a ... | 2007 | 17224086 |
| cytoplasmic localization of the orf2 protein of hepatitis e virus is dependent on its ability to undergo retrotranslocation from the endoplasmic reticulum. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a positive-strand rna virus that is prevalent in much of the developing world. orf2 is the major capsid protein of hev. although orf2 is an n-linked glycoprotein, it is abundantly located in the cytoplasm in addition to having membrane and surface localization. the mechanism by which orf2 protein obtains access to the cytoplasm is unknown. in this report, we prove that initially all orf2 protein is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and a fraction of it becomes retro ... | 2007 | 17229684 |
| a simple, rapid, and sensitive integrated protein microarray for simultaneous detection of multiple antigens and antibodies of five human hepatitis viruses (hbv, hcv, hdv, hev, and hgv). | protein microarrays for parallel detection of multiple viral antigens and antibodies have not yet been described in the field of human hepatitis virus infections. here, we describe a simple, rapid and sensitive integrated protein microarray with three different reaction models. the integrated protein microarray could simultaneously determine in human sera two viral antigens (hbsag, hbeag) and seven viral antibodies (hbsab, hbcab, hbeab, hcvab, hdvab, hevab, hgvab) of human hepatitis viruses with ... | 2007 | 17239337 |
| swine-like hepatitis e viruses are a cause of unexplained hepatitis in the netherlands. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in developed countries are recognized as an imported disease related to travel to endemic regions. however, increasing evidence suggests that hev infection may also occur in the developed countries and that swine may act as a possible reservoir. to investigate the indigenous transmission of hev in the netherlands, sera from 50 blood donors and 1027 sera from patients with acute hepatitis were screened with an elisa for hev-specific igg and igm. because the neth ... | 2007 | 17244254 |
| inhibition of henipavirus infection by nipah virus attachment glycoprotein occurs without cell-surface downregulation of ephrin-b2 or ephrin-b3. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are newly identified members of the family paramyxoviridae and have been classified in the new genus henipavirus based on unique genetic characteristics distinct from other paramyxoviruses. transgenic cell lines were generated that expressed either the attachment protein (g) or the fusion protein (f) of niv. functional expression of niv f and g was verified by complementation with the corresponding glycoprotein, which resulted in the development of syncyt ... | 2007 | 17251577 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus rna from the bivalve yamato-shijimi (corbicula japonica) in japan. | to evaluate whether bivalves are contaminated with hepatitis e virus (hev), samples of a bivalve called yamato-shijimi (corbicula japonica) were examined for hev by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. genotype 3 hev was detected from 2 of 32 packages of yamato-shijimi obtained from japanese rivers, which indicated that hev contaminates river water in japan. | 2007 | 17255247 |
| full-length sequences of two hepatitis e virus isolates representing an eastern china-indigenous subgroup of genotype 4. | although the majority of hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in japan are 'domestic' due to the presence of indigenous strains, there are still 'imported' cases as well. among 83 patients with non-a, non-b and non-c acute liver diseases admitted to saitama medical university hospital, 7 (8.4%) were positive for serum hev-rna, of whom 2 had a recent history of traveling to china, one to xian and another to shanghai. we determined the full-genome sequences of hev from these 2 patients (isolate name ... | 2007 | 17259737 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus-specific immunoglobulin a in patients infected with hepatitis e virus genotype 1 or 3. | currently, diagnosis of acute hepatitis e virus (hev) in patients is primarily based on anti-hev immunoglobulin m (igm) detection. however, several investigations suggest the use of hev-specific iga for diagnosing acute hev infections. we evaluated two commercially available assays, an iga enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (diacheck) and an adapted immunoblot protocol (mikrogen) for iga detection and compared the performance in genotype 1- and 3-infected patients. the specificity of the ... | 2007 | 17267585 |
| association of hepatitis e virus (hev) and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) with lesions of hepatitis in pigs. | the aim of the study was to determine the presence of swine hepatitis e virus (hev) rna and antibodies in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-affected (n=114) and non-affected (n=46) pigs and the possible association with hepatitis lesions. forty-four pigs were rt-pcr positive (28.2%); 25 of them were pmws cases, while 19 were non-pmws pigs. in both groups, hev rt-pcr results were associated with hepatitis (or=5.61 for pmws-affected pigs and or=5.17 for non-pmws affected pigs; p=0.01). no ... | 2007 | 17270366 |
| human enterovirus 71 disease in sarawak, malaysia: a prospective clinical, virological, and molecular epidemiological study. | human enterovirus (hev)-71 causes large outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease with central nervous system (cns) complications, but the role of hev-71 genogroups or dual infection with other viruses in causing severe disease is unclear. | 2007 | 17278054 |
| neutralization assays for differential henipavirus serology using bio-plex protein array systems. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) are related emerging paramyxoviruses classified in the genus henipavirus. both cause fatal disease in animals and humans and are classified as biosafety level 4 pathogens. here we detail two new multiplexed microsphere assays, one for antibody detection and differentiation and another designed as a surrogate for virus neutralization. both assays utilize recombinant soluble attachment glycoproteins (sg) whereas the latter incorporates the cellular receptor ... | 2007 | 17292974 |
| transmission of hepatitis e virus. | 2007 | 17293584 | |
| single nucleotide polymorphism profiling assay to exclude serum sample mix-up. | sample mix-ups are a threat to the validity of clinical laboratory test results. to detect serum sample mix-ups we developed a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) profiling test. snps are frequent sequence variations in the human genome. each individual has a unique combination of these nucleotide variations. | 2007 | 17298578 |
| persistent infection of hepatitis e virus transmitted by blood transfusion in a patient with t-cell lymphoma. | aim: with advent of reverse-transcription (rt)/polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of the hepatitis e viral genome, we carried out retrospective examinations. methods: serum samples collected from 68 patients diagnosed as viral hepatitis with unknown etiology were tested for viral markers of hepatitis virus. results: two of them were found positive for hepatitis e viral rna. while the clinical course of one patient (patient 1) was typical as acute hepatitis e, another patient (patient ... | 2007 | 17300706 |
| a case of acute hepatitis e associated with multidrug hypersensitivity and cytomegalovirus reactivation. | a 65-year-old japanese man was hospitalized because of acute hepatitis and severe cholestasis due to hepatitis e virus (hev) infection combined with a drug reaction to a cold preparation. he died of disseminated intravascular coagulation and severe intestinal bleeding due to systemic cytomegalovirus reactivation following the development of severe eruptions with marked eosinophilia due to drug hypersensitivity to taurine and ursodeoxycholate preparations. the close interaction between viral infe ... | 2007 | 17300712 |
| new enteroviruses, ev-93 and ev-94, associated with acute flaccid paralysis in the democratic republic of the congo. | surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis often identifies enteroviruses not typeable by virus neutralization in cell culture. during 2000 and 2001, 186 isolates from 138 children with acute flaccid paralysis in the democratic republic of the congo were sent for typing to the national reference centre for enteroviruses in lyon, france. the 5' utr of the viral genome could be amplified by pcr for 158 isolates from 114 patients. isolates from 89 patients were neutralizable, and contained non-polio e ... | 2007 | 17311342 |
| increased hepatitis e virus prevalence on dutch pig farms from 33 to 55% by using appropriate internal quality controls for rt-pcr. | pigs have been suggested to be a potential reservoir for locally acquired human hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in the netherlands. to study possible trends in hev prevalence in the dutch pig population, 97 pig farms have been screened for the presence of hev in stools. the prevalence rate of hev was estimated at 55% (53/97) in 2005, indicating a significant increase as compared to the prevalence rate of 22% (25/115) as was reported in 1999. the current data suggest that this increase is due ... | 2007 | 17320980 |
| detection of swine hepatitis e virus in the porcine hepatic lesion in jeju island. | swine hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen due to its close genomic similarity to human hev. the prevalence of swine hev in the hepatic lesion of pigs from the jeju island was investigated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). in total, 40 pigs with hepatitis lesions were selected from 19 different farms, based on examination by microscopy. rtpcr findings revealed swine hev in 22 cases (55%), including 18 suckling pigs and 4 growing pigs. several histop ... | 2007 | 17322774 |
| enterovirus 94, a proposed new serotype in human enterovirus species d. | the genus enterovirus (family picornaviridae) contains five species with strains isolated from humans: human enterovirus a (hev-a), hev-b, hev-c, hev-d and poliovirus. in this study, a proposed new serotype of hev-d was characterized. four virus strains were isolated from sewage in egypt and one strain from acute flaccid paralysis cases in the democratic republic of the congo. the complete genome of one environmental isolate, the complete coding sequence of one clinical isolate and complete vp1 ... | 2007 | 17325357 |
| development and evaluation of an efficient cell-culture system for hepatitis e virus. | using a faecal suspension with high load of hepatitis e virus (hev) (2.0x10(7) copies ml-1, genotype 3), we developed an efficient cell-culture system for hev in a hepatocarcinoma cell line (plc/prf/5). hev progeny released in the culture medium were passaged five times successively in plc/prf/5 cells. the initial day of appearance and load of hev detectable in the culture supernatant after inoculation were dependent on the titre of seed virus in the inoculum. when 6.4x10(4) copies of hev were i ... | 2007 | 17325363 |
| detection and characterization of infectious hepatitis e virus from commercial pig livers sold in local grocery stores in the usa. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic pathogen of which pigs are reservoirs. to determine the presence of hev rna in commercial pig livers sold in local grocery stores in the usa, 127 packages of commercial pig liver were purchased and tested by a universal rt-pcr assay capable of detecting all four known hev genotypes. among the 127 livers tested, 14 were positive for hev rna. sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the 14 isolates all belonged to genotype 3. an animal study was subseq ... | 2007 | 17325364 |
| safety and efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis e vaccine. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of viral hepatitis. we evaluated the safety and efficacy of an hev recombinant protein (rhev) vaccine in a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | 2007 | 17329696 |
| hepatitis e vaccine--ready for prime time? | 2007 | 17329703 | |
| liver histology in patients with sporadic acute hepatitis e: a study of 11 patients from south-west france. | hepatitis e virus is a ribonucleic acid (rna) enterically transmitted virus that causes both epidemics and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis e in many countries of asia and africa. domestically acquired (non-travel-associated) hepatitis e has been reported recently in many industrialized countries including the usa, europe, and japan. there is little information available on liver histology in these patients. we report a series of 11 patients with sporadic acute hepatitis e and needle liver hist ... | 2007 | 17333266 |
| using improved technology for filter paper-based blood collection to survey wild sika deer for antibodies to hepatitis e virus. | recent reports from japan implicated wild sika deer (cervus nippon) in the zoonotic transmission of hepatitis e to humans. seroprevalence studies were performed to determine if imported feral populations of sika deer in maryland and virginia posed a similar risk of transmitting hepatitis e virus (hev). hunters collected blood on filter paper discs from freshly killed deer. the discs were desiccated and delivered to a collection point. the dried filters were weighed to estimate the amount of bloo ... | 2007 | 17336401 |
| [hepatitis e virus antibodies in the macaques and in the personnel serving the macaques of the adler apery]. | there is evidence for the rather high detection rate of antibodies against hepatic e virus (hev) was rather high in the macaques from the adler apery in 1999-2005. anti-hev was detected in 232 (57.3%) out of 405 examined rhesus macaques (macaca mulata) and in 16 (16%) out of 100 java ones (m. fascicularis). the detection rate of anti-hev ranged from 12.5 to 89.5%% among the rhesus macaques and from 5.9 to 37.5% among the java ones. class m anti-hev was found only in 3 (4.3%) out of 69 java macaq ... | 2007 | 17338232 |
| acute polyarthritis revealing hepatitis e. | we report a case of acute hepatitis e occurring in a 51-year-old french woman, revealed by an abrupt onset of polyarthritis involving the ankles and knees followed by the wrists and fingers. polyarthritis lasted up to 3 months without recurrence. our case was characterised by a 9-month prolonged viraemia with persistence of specific igm in the serum. the hepatitis e virus belonged to genotype 3 and may have been contracted in france or during travel to hyperendemic areas. our case shows that acu ... | 2007 | 17340044 |
| use of serological assays for diagnosis of hepatitis e virus genotype 1 and 3 infections in a setting of low endemicity. | because of the occurrence of genotype 3 hepatitis e virus (hev) in regions of low endemicity, it is important to validate the currently used serological assays for diagnosing infections with viruses belonging to this lineage, since these assays only use antigens derived from genotype 1 and 2 viruses. we evaluated the genelabs enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the recomblot from mikrogen for the detection of hev-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg under conditions of low endemicit ... | 2007 | 17360853 |
| wild boar as an important reservoir of hepatitis e virus in western japan. | 2007 | 17362297 | |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus among wild boar in the ehime area of western japan. | aims: transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) from wild boar to humans has been reported, particularly from japan. we attempted to clarify this issue. methods: we assessed the igg class antibodies against hev (anti-hev) in serum samples taken from 406 boar living in the ehime area of western japan from 2001 to 2004, of which 392 were captured in the wild (wild-caught boar) and 14 had been kept in a breeding farm (bred boar). results: anti-hev positive rate in the bred boar (10/14, 71.4%) was sig ... | 2007 | 17362304 |
| genetic variability and evolution of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the sole member of the genus hepevirus in the family hepeviridae. hev is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route, and water-borne epidemics are characteristic of hepatitis e in many developing countries in asia, africa and latin america where sanitation conditions are suboptimal. accumulating lines of evidence indicate that hev-associated hepatitis also occurs domestically among individuals in industrialized countries, that there are animal reservoirs of hev such ... | 2007 | 17363102 |
| [expression of orf2 protein of hev genotype iv in hansenula polymorpha]. | hepatitis e, an acute infectious disease transmitted via the fecal-oral route, is caused by hepatitis e virus. however, no effective treatment currently exists for hepatitis e, and the only epidemic control approach is vaccination. but so for there are no commercial vaccine for hepatitis e available in the world. to find a new expression system to develop recombinant hepatitis e vaccine, in this study the expression system of methylotrophic yeast hansenula polymorpha was used to express the gene ... | 2007 | 17366891 |
| seropositivity and pattern of viral hepatitis in clinically suspected cases of hepatitis in dhaka city. | an attempt was made to see the seropositivity and pattern of four common hepatotrophic viruses (hbv, hcv, hev, hav) in patients suspected to have been suffering from viral hepatitis. blood samples from 2,995 cases of suspected hbv infection, 331 from hcv, 155 from hev and 24 from hav were tested for these viral markers. of these a total of 245 (8.1%) were positive for hbsag, 18 (5.4%) for hcv, 87 (56.1%) for hev and 8 (33.3%) were positive for hav infection. the predominant age group affected in ... | 2007 | 18783066 |
| [isolation of hepatitis e virus from liver of swine at abattoirs in shandong province]. | to determine the prevalence and genotype of hepatitis e virus (hev) in swine liver before on the market and to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between the isolates from swine and human. | 2007 | 18399152 |
| aetiology, clinical profile and prognostic indicators for children with acute liver failure admitted in a teaching hospital in kolkata. | to estimate the prevalence of hepatotropic viruses in the causation of acute liver failure in children admitted to a tertiary hospital in kolkata. | 2007 | 18384007 |
| isolation of human antibodies against hepatitis e virus from phage display library by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. | to isolate human antibodies against hepatitis e virus from phage display library by a new method of panning phage antibody library based on immobilized metal affinity chromatography (imac). | 2007 | 18348408 |
| evaluation of two anti-hepatitis e virus igm kits. | to evaluate two commercial anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igm kits used for differential diagnosis of acute enteric viral hepatitis. | 2007 | 18348412 |
| [an analysis of the clinical characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis b superinfected with acute hepatitis e]. | to investigate clinical features of the patients with hepatitis b superinfected with acute hepatitis e (ahe). | 2007 | 18322591 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in pigs: implications for human infections in village-based subsistence pig farming in the lao pdr. | we report a high seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in pigs in the lao pdr. hev seroprevalence was 51.2% (300/586) amongst abattoir pigs and 15.3% (46/301) amongst village pigs. the age distribution suggested previous in-village hev pig infections. these findings suggest a zoonotic risk associated with village-based smallholder pig farming. | 2007 | 16919692 |
| prevalence and genotyping of hepatitis e virus in swine population in korea between 1995 and 2004: a retrospective study. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections have been reported in pigs throughout the world but have only recently been recorded in korean pigs. the aim of this study was to investigate whether hev was present in archived porcine hepatic tissues collected between 1995 and 2004 using rt-pcr and immunohistochemistry and, if so, to determine the genotype of the isolates. swine hev was identified in the liver tissue of 42 pigs of 388 submissions (four pigs every year on average). the isolates showed genetic ... | 2007 | 16624599 |
| identification, phenotypic analysis, and full-length nucleotide sequence of a dutch coxsackievirus a20 isolate. | recombination between (human) enteroviruses is a common event in nature. recently, it has been recognised that this feature has a major impact on the use of the live-attenuated polio vaccine during the end stage of polio eradication. the constraints for successful recombination between (vaccine-derived) polioviruses and human enteroviruses are, however, largely unknown. here, we describe the identification and characterisation of a hev-c field strain, isolated from the stool of a 2-year-old dutc ... | 2007 | 16964555 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus in liver, mesenteric lymph node, serum, bile and faeces of naturally infected pigs affected by different pathological conditions. | the objective of the present study was to detect hepatitis e virus (hev) in different samples from naturally infected pigs and to characterise genetically the detected strains. serum, bile, liver, lymph nodes and faeces of 69 animals from 1 week to 4 months of age with different pathological conditions were collected. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect hev and histopathology of tissues was conducted. positive rt-pcr samples were sequenced and phylogenetically anal ... | 2007 | 16997512 |
| hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the aetiological agent of non-hav enterically transmitted hepatitis. it is the major cause of sporadic as well as epidemic hepatitis, which is no longer confined to asia and developing countries but has also become a concern of the developed nations. in the indian subcontinent, it accounts for 30-60% of sporadic hepatitis. it is generally accepted that hepatitis e is mostly self-limited and never progresses to chronicity. it has a higher mortality in pregnant women whe ... | 2007 | 17051624 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus infection among institutionalized psychiatric patients in taiwan. | hepatitis e virus infection (hev) remains unclear in institutionalized psychiatric patients. | 2007 | 17067852 |
| protection of chickens against avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) infection by immunization with recombinant avian hev capsid protein. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) is an emerging virus associated with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens in north america. avian hev is genetically and antigenically related to human hev, the causative agent of hepatitis e in humans. in the lack of a practical animal model, avian hev infection in chickens has been used as a model to study human hev replication and pathogenesis. a 32 kda recombinant orf2 capsid protein of avian hev expressed in escherichia coli was found having simila ... | 2007 | 17074425 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in patients with cirrhosis is associated with rapid decompensation and death. | india is hyper-endemic for hepatitis e virus (hev). hev infection in cirrhosis may cause high mortality. prospective study evaluating hev infection in cirrhotics is scarce. | 2007 | 17125878 |
| identification of genetic diversity of hepatitis e virus (hev) and determination of the seroprevalence of hev in eastern china. | hepatitis e, caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev), is endemic in china. however, the molecular characteristics of hev circulating in eastern china and the seroprevalence of hev infection in eastern china are relatively unknown. in this study, 25 hev strains, isolated from sporadic hepatitis e cases in eastern china, were sequenced in the rna-dependent rna polymerase region and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. these hev strains were 74.6-98.7% identical in nucleotides and were all clustered i ... | 2007 | 17131064 |
| comparison of hepatitis a and e virus infections among healthy children in mongolia: evidence for infection with a subgenotype ia hav in children. | to compare the epidemiologic profiles of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in children in mongolia, the prevalence of hav and hev infections was investigated serologically and molecularly among 717 apparently healthy individuals of 0-20 years of age (mean +/- standard deviation, 8.6 +/- 4.9 years) using serum samples obtained between october 2005 and january 2006. total antibody against hav (anti-hav [total]) was detected in 494 (68.9%) of the 717 subjects, while igg ... | 2007 | 17133554 |
| the first experimental study on a candidate combined vaccine against hepatitis a and hepatitis e. | to test the possibility of developing a combined vaccine against hepatitis a and e, groups of mice were immunized with different formulations containing different dosages of a commercially inactivated hepatitis a vaccine and a candidate recombinant hepatitis e vaccine. monovalent vaccine components were used as controls. the experimental results showed that the combined vaccine could induce neutralizing antibodies against both hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) effectively in mi ... | 2007 | 17156900 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in work horses in egypt. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of hepatitis among young egyptian adults with high seroprevalence rates seen in both rural areas of the nile delta and in suburban cairo. because natural antibodies to hev have been detected in animals and zoonotic transmission is postulated, we surveyed work horses in cairo for evidence of hev exposure and viremia. sera from 200 cairo work horses were tested by elisa for the presence of igg anti-hev antibody revealed a seropositivity of 13%. among 1 ... | 2007 | 17046335 |
| identification of genotype 3 hepatitis e virus in fecal samples from a pig farm located in a shanghai suburb. | strains of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes 1 and 4 have been detected on the chinese mainland although there have been no previous reports of zoonotic genotype 3 hev. in the present study, 65 swine fecal specimens were collected from five pig farms located in different shanghai suburbs. rt-pcr and nested pcr were undertaken using partial nucleotide sequences of open reading frame 2 (orf2) of hev to detect hev rna. genetic analysis was based on alignments of an amplified 150-nt orf2 sequence. r ... | 2007 | 17184935 |
| initiation at the third in-frame aug codon of open reading frame 3 of the hepatitis e virus is essential for viral infectivity in vivo. | to determine the initiation strategy of the hepatitis e virus (hev) open reading frame 3 (orf3), we constructed five hev mutants with desired mutations in the orf1 and orf2 junction region and tested their levels of in vivo infectivity in pigs. a mutant with a c-terminally truncated orf3 is noninfectious in pigs, indicating that an intact orf3 is required for in vivo infectivity. mutations with substitutions in the first in-frame aug in the junction region or with the same t insertion at the cor ... | 2007 | 17202216 |
| quantitative analysis of nipah virus proteins released as virus-like particles reveals central role for the matrix protein. | nipah virus (niv) is an emerging paramyxovirus distinguished by its ability to cause fatal disease in both animal and human hosts. together with hendra virus (hev), they comprise the genus henipavirus in the paramyxoviridae family. niv and hev are also restricted to biosafety level-4 containment and this has hampered progress towards examining details of their replication and morphogenesis. here, we have established recombinant expression systems to study niv particle assembly and budding throug ... | 2007 | 17204159 |
| [autochthonous hepatitis e in france]. | hepatitis e must no longer be considered simply as an exotic disease occasionally imported from developing countries. autochthonous hepatitis e exists in france. in spite of certain difficulties and limits, biological markers of hepatitis e have to be included in algorithms for etiological diagnosis of acute hepatitis, even if the patient has not recently traveled abroad. based on a recombinant protein of the viral capsid, more sensitive serological assays should soon be available. the potential ... | 2006 | 17195621 |
| [a study of chronic hepatitis b infection superinfected with hepatitis e infection]. | to compare the influence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection on the replication of hepatitis b virus (hbv) by observing clinical features, the relationship between the number of hbv dna copies in serum, the degree of hepatic function impairments and prognosis of chronic hepatitis b patients with hepatitis e superinfection. | 2006 | 17196134 |
| community-based seroepidemiological survey of hepatitis e virus infection in catalonia, spain. | the objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in a population sample from catalonia and to analyze the demographic and clinical variables associated with the presence of these antibodies. a total of 1,280 subjects between 15 and 74 years of age were selected randomly from urban and rural areas. data for sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected by using a questionnaire. igg antibodies to hev wer ... | 2006 | 17050741 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in chronic liver disease causes rapid decompensation. | hepatitis e previously known as enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis, is a self limiting infectious viral disease of developing countries. various issues regarding the pathogenesis of liver injury and its natural history remain unanswered after two decades of its discovery. a small proportion of patients develop fulminant hepatic failure. mortality is very high if it is associated with pregnancy, especially during third trimester. after establishment of hepatitis a virus as a cause of ... | 2006 | 17160100 |
| [five cases of sporadic hepatitis e at hokkaido kitami city in japan]. | 2006 | 17168406 | |
| different fecal shedding patterns of two common strains of hepatitis e virus at three japanese swine farms. | zoonotic infections caused by eating the meat of deer, wild boar, and pig have been suggested in japan, a country that is not epidemic for hepatitis e caused by hepatitis e virus (hev). this virus is widely spread in domestic pigs in both epidemic and non-epidemic countries. we studied fecal hev shedding patterns on three japanese farms that had two common genotype iii hev strains. two of the three farms had high shedding peaks (75% and 100%) in pigs 1-3 months of age, suggesting that these anim ... | 2006 | 17172388 |
| epidemiological study of hepatitis e virus infection of dogs and cats in japan. | 2006 | 17172482 | |
| distribution of human polyomaviruses, adenoviruses, and hepatitis e virus in the environment and in a drinking-water treatment plant. | large numbers of viruses are excreted in human feces and urine, which even at low concentrations may cause illness when ingested. some of these viruses have not been traditionally monitored in terms of waterborne diseases and are considered emergent viruses, such as hepatitis e virus (hev) and jc and bk polyomavirus (jcpyv and bkpyv). the high prevalence of human adenoviruses (hadv) and polyomaviruses, which both show dna genomes, in sewage from widely divergent areas has suggested the relevance ... | 2006 | 17180997 |
| epidemics of emerging animal diseases and food-borne infection problems over the last 5 years in japan. | there have been several emerging animal diseases and food-borne infection problems occurring in japan over the last 5 years. we describe brief pictures of these epidemics and our control activities. as acute contagious and/or emerging animal diseases, the foot and mouth disease (fmd) outbreak caused by the pan-asian topotype of the type o virus occurred in march 2000 after 92 years of fmd-free status. in 2004, four cases of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai), which was the first outbre ... | 2006 | 17135492 |
| hepatitis e virus: epidemiology, diagnosis, pathology and prevention. | hev, a positive stranded rna virus, is responsible for most of the epidemics of hepatitis in the developing world and is transmitted through contaminated water. it is the major aetiological agent for acute hepatitis and acute liver failure in endemic regions. it causes severe liver disease among pregnant females and patients with chronic liver disease. serodiagnosis of hev is now available and should be used routinely for diagnosis. the available evidence suggests that hev may also be transmitte ... | 2006 | 17089614 |
| quantitative detection of hepatitis e virus rna and dynamics of viral replication in experimental infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) rna has been detected in the stool and serum of patients with hev infection and experimentally infected nonhuman primates. however, dynamics of hev levels in the stool and serum during clinical and subclinical infections have not been determined. a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay, using sybr green i in a lightcycler, was developed and optimized to allow quantification of hev rna in the stool and serum of both genotype 1 and 2 isolates. the ... | 2006 | 17109683 |
| molecular detection and sequence analysis of a new hepatitis e virus isolate from pakistan. | sporadic and epidemic acute viral hepatitis e in many developing countries is caused by hepatitis e virus (hev). the hev genome has been classified into three major genotypes. however, extensive diversity has been noted among hev isolates from patients with acute hepatitis in china and taiwan. some reports indicated that multiple genotypes of hev could cocirculate in the same area; even distinct genotypes of hev could exist in the same patient. pakistan is a highly endemic area for hepatitis e. ... | 2006 | 17109684 |
| hendra virus infection in a veterinarian. | a veterinarian became infected with hendra virus (hev) after managing a terminally ill horse and performing a limited autopsy with inadequate precautions. although she was initially only mildly ill, serological tests suggested latent hev infection. nevertheless, she remains well 2 years after her initial illness. recently emerged zoonotic viruses, such as hev, necessitate appropriate working procedures and personal protective equipment in veterinary practice. | 2006 | 17115969 |
| type-iv indian swine hev infects rhesus monkeys. | in contrast to countries reporting zoonotic spread of hepatitis e virus (hev), distinct genotypes circulate in humans (genotype 1) and pigs (genotype 4) from india indicating rarity of such spread. pigs were refractory to human hev. as rhesus is an excellent animal model for human hev, an attempt was made to infect rhesus monkeys with swine hev. experimental infection of both the rhesus monkeys with swine-hev as evidenced by seroconversion to anti-hev antibodies and presence of viraemia suggests ... | 2006 | 17052273 |
| liver disease during pregnancy: acute viral hepatitis. | acute viral hepatitis is the most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy. the course of most viral hepatitis infections (e.g., hepatitis a, b, c and d) is unaffected by pregnancy, however, a more severe course of viral hepatitis in pregnancy has been observed in patients with hepatitis e. notwithstanding, opinions differ over the maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancy associated with viral hepatitis. while some authors reported that acute viral hepatitis carries a high risk for both mother and f ... | 2006 | 17060891 |
| identification of the first strain of swine hepatitis e virus in south america and prevalence of anti-hev antibodies in swine in argentina. | in argentina, a country considered non-endemic for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection, serologic evidence of hev infection has been observed in different human population groups. in other countries, a high degree of genetic relatedness has been observed between human and swine hev genotype 3 sequences, suggesting zoonosis as one probable route of infection. this is the first identification of swine hev in south america. hev rna was detected and sequenced in the orf 1 and orf 2 regions from swine ... | 2006 | 17063523 |
| detection of hev antigen as a novel marker for the diagnosis of hepatitis e. | infection with hepatitis e virus (hev) may be diagnosed by the presence of hev rna or anti-hev antibodies. an enzyme immunoassay (eia) was developed for the detection of antigen. twenty-four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced. an indirect sandwich eia was developed to detect hev antigen using a combination of three mabs as coating antibodies. approximately 44.6% (33/74), 28.6% (50/175), and none (0/27) of sera positive for anti-hev igm alone, both anti-hev igm and igg, and anti-hev igg a ... | 2006 | 16998897 |
| feline model of acute nipah virus infection and protection with a soluble glycoprotein-based subunit vaccine. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are paramyxoviruses capable of causing considerable morbidity and mortality in a number of mammalian species, including humans. case reports from outbreaks and previous challenge experiments have suggested that cats were highly susceptible to niv infection, responding with a severe respiratory disease and systemic infection. here we have assessed the cat as a model of experimental niv infection and use it in the evaluation of a subunit vaccine comprised o ... | 2006 | 17005664 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus shedding in feces of pigs at different stages of production using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | the aim of this study was to determine at which production stages hepatitis e virus (hev) is shed by the highest number of pigs and to estimate the relative risk associated with each stage. for this purpose, 146 fecal samples of pigs from 21 farms were studied. in addition, 1 sample from the manure ditch and another sample of drinking water, collected directly from the trough located in the pen, were taken from 16 farms. hev rna was detected in fecal samples from 34 pigs (23.29%). the production ... | 2006 | 17037614 |
| acute sporadic hepatitis e in children: diagnostic relevance of specific immunoglobulin m and immunoglobulin g compared with nested reverse transcriptase pcr. | this study was carried out to investigate the putative role played by the hepatitis e virus (hev) in acute hepatic dysfunction in paediatric patients with acute non-a-c hepatitis. we also evaluated the diagnostic value for anti-hev immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays relative to nested reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) for hev rna detection. sixty-four children with acute hepatitis were included in the study, in addition to sixteen healthy children with matched age ... | 2006 | 16965347 |
| comparison of clinical features of acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes 3 and 4 in sapporo, japan. | in japan, indigenous acute hepatitis e is not a rare disease, and is mainly caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes 3 and 4. whether there is a difference in clinical features between the two genotypes remains unclear. this study compares the clinical features of patients infected with the two. from january, 1994, to december, 2003, 9 infected with hev genotype 3 and 27 patients with genotype 4 were enrolled. patients with genotype 4 had significantly higher peak alanine aminotransferase lev ... | 2006 | 16971172 |
| inhibition of hendra virus fusion. | hendra virus (hev) is a recently identified paramyxovirus that is fatal in humans and could be used as an agent of bioterrorism. the hev receptor-binding protein (g) is required in order for the fusion protein (f) to mediate fusion, and analysis of the triggering/activation of hev f by g should lead to strategies for interfering with this key step in viral entry. hev f, once triggered by the receptor-bound g, by analogy with other paramyxovirus f proteins, undergoes multistep conformational chan ... | 2006 | 16973588 |
| a case of chronic liver disease. hev induced or cryptogenic? | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is known to cause epidemic outbreaks as well as sporadic disease in many parts of the world. clinical presentation of hepatitis e varies from acute icteric viral hepatitis to severe disease with fulminant hepatic failure, and anicteric infection (no jaundice but with alt elevation). according to available data hev infection does not lead to chronic liver failure. we are reporting a case of 37 years old army soldier who was admitted as a case of hev induced acute ... | 2006 | 16977823 |
| avian hepatitis e virus in an outbreak of hepatitis--splenomegaly syndrome and fatty liver haemorrhage syndrome in two flaxseed-fed layer flocks in ontario. | two commercial layer chicken flocks that were fed a flax-based diet beginning at 28 weeks of age for the production of omega-3 fatty-acid-enriched eggs experienced increased mortality when the birds reached 37 weeks. the average weekly mortality was 0.34% over a 20-week period, with peak mortality of 0.9% for 1 week. reduced feed consumption, reduced body weight gain and poor peak production were noticed prior to the onset of increased mortality. a total of 245 birds were necropsied and 78% of t ... | 2006 | 16990151 |
| locally acquired hepatitis e virus infection, el paso, texas. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enterically transmitted rna virus that causes both epidemic and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis. despite sero-surveys showing antibody to hev in up to 36% of the us population, acute hepatitis e has been reported among individuals with no history of international travel only three times in the united states. we report a case of apparently locally-acquired hepatitis e that occurred in el paso, texas that was 98% similar to a previously isolated hev found in swine i ... | 2006 | 16628579 |
| a cluster of hepatitis e virus infection in hokkaido, japan. | 2006 | 16632918 | |
| a diffuse outbreak of hepatitis e in mie prefecture, 2005. | 2006 | 16632919 | |
| [expression, purification and immunogenicity of a novel hepatitis e virus-like particle]. | to express and characterize a novel hepatitis e virus (hev) recombinant protein which contains hev neutralization epitope(s). | 2006 | 16643795 |
| acute transverse myelitis following hepatitis e virus infection. | 2006 | 16651680 | |
| virological investigation of a hepatitis e epidemic in north india. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is of major public health concern in the developing countries, including the indian subcontinent, due to epidemics of large proportions, increased morbidity and high mortality, especially in pregnant women. this study shows the findings of two different epidemics that occurred due to hev. | 2006 | 16924358 |
| does co-infection with multiple viruses adversely influence the course and outcome of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in children? | this study looked at the frequency of co-infection with multiple hepatotropic viruses and the effect of such infection on the course and outcome of acute sporadic viral hepatitis (avh) and fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) in children. | 2006 | 16928213 |
| orf3 protein of hepatitis e virus is not required for replication, virion assembly, or infection of hepatoma cells in vitro. | a subclone of huh-7 cells that could be relatively efficiently transfected and infected with hepatitis e virus was identified. following transfection, infectious virus was produced but remained predominantly cell associated. intracellular virus, recovered by lysis of transfected cells, infected naïve cells. this in vitro-produced virus appeared to be antigenically identical to virus isolated from clinical samples. lysates from cells transfected with mutant viral genomes unable to synthesize orf3 ... | 2006 | 16928762 |