Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2006 influenza season. | 2005 | 16240985 | |
| susceptibilities of antiviral-resistant influenza viruses to novel neuraminidase inhibitors. | the susceptibilities of five zanamivir-resistant and six oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses were assessed against four neuraminidase (na) inhibitors, including peramivir and a-315675, by a fluorometric na activity inhibition assay. the enzyme activity of a majority of the variants was effectively inhibited by either a-315675 or both peramivir and a-315675 (50% inhibitory concentration, <10 nm). a novel oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus b variant carrying substitution at residue 198 (asp ... | 2005 | 16251290 |
| annual report of the national influenza surveillance scheme, 2004. | the national influenza surveillance scheme includes data on influenza-like illness from sentinel general practitioner practices, laboratory reports of influenza from national notifiable diseases surveillance scheme and absenteeism data from a national employer. in 2004, 2,116 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness were reported, which was 41 per cent lower than the previous year. peak activity was recorded in september, a month later than in 2003. influenza a was again predominant ... | 2005 | 16119760 |
| respiratory disease caused by a species b2 adenovirus in a military camp in turkey. | in april 2004, two patients were admitted to hospital in berlin, germany, with clinical signs of acute respiratory infection after returning from a military exercise in their home country of turkey. they were admitted to a high security infectious disease unit as epidemiological data pointed to an outbreak of unknown etiology. samples taken at the time of admission proved to be strongly positive for adenovirus by pcr, but negative for influenza a/h1n1 virus, influenza a/h3n2 virus, influenza b v ... | 2005 | 16121380 |
| replication of respiratory viruses, particularly influenza virus, rhinovirus, and coronavirus in huh7 hepatocarcinoma cell line. | detection of viral antigens and isolation methods has long been used for the diagnosis of respiratory virus infections. the objective was to determine the ability of huh7 cells to support the replication of prototype and wild strains of respiratory viruses. the cell culture-adapted strains of influenza viruses a and b, parainfluenza viruses 1-4, respiratory syncytial viruses a and b, both strains of the human metapneumoviruses, numerous rhinoviruses, most of the adenoviruses, coronaviruses 229e ... | 2005 | 16121382 |
| sensitivity of influenza viruses to zanamivir and oseltamivir: a study performed on viruses circulating in france prior to the introduction of neuraminidase inhibitors in clinical practice. | influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) were introduced in clinical practice in various parts of the world since 1999 but were only scarcely distributed in france. prior to the generalization of zanamivir and oseltamivir utilization in our country, we decided to test a large panel of influenza strains to establish the baseline sensitivity of these viruses to anti-neuraminidase drugs, based upon a fluorometric neuraminidase enzymatic test. our study was performed on clinical samples colle ... | 2005 | 16125799 |
| antiviral effect of catechins in green tea on influenza virus. | polyphenolic compound catechins ((-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ecg) and (-)-epigallocatechin (egc)) from green tea were evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza virus replication in cell culture and for potentially direct virucidal effect. among the test compounds, the egcg and ecg were found to be potent inhibitors of influenza virus replication in mdck cell culture and this effect was observed in all influenza virus subtypes tested, including a/h1n1, a/h ... | 2005 | 16137775 |
| influenza immunisation in children with solid tumours. | we assessed response to immunisation with trivalent split virus influenza vaccine in children with non-leukaemic malignant disease. children with solid tumours and lymphoma received one or two doses of influenza vaccine, according to current uk guidelines, in autumn 2001 and/or 2002. children were currently receiving chemotherapy or were within 6 months of completing chemotherapy. pre and post vaccination sera were assessed for antibodies to the prevalent influenza strains by haemagglutination i ... | 2005 | 16143516 |
| comparison of the bd directigen flu a+b kit and the abbott testpack rsv with a multiplex rt-pcr elisa for rapid detection of influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus. | the directigen flu a+b enzyme immunoassay and the abbott testpack rsv enzyme immunoassay were each compared with a multiplex rt-pcr elisa by testing 635 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from children aged < 16 years who had been hospitalised with acute respiratory tract infection during the epidemic season 2002-2003. in this study, the sensitivity of the directigen flu a+b assay was unacceptably low (29.3% and 10.0%, respectively) for the detection of influenza a and b viruses. the sensitivity ... | 2005 | 16153263 |
| [prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in adults]. | polysaccharide 23 valent pneumococcal vaccine commercially available from 1983 includes 23 serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae, representing near 90% of strains involved in invasive pneumococcal disease in immune competent adults. vaccine confers protection against invasive pneumococcal disease. immunization is recommended in adults over 65 years old, in patients affected by chronic diseases (cardiopathies, copd, nephropathies, diabetes mellitus, hepatic cirrhosis, chronic breakage in brain-bl ... | 2005 | 16163421 |
| [clinical features of respiratory infections due to influenza virus in hospitalized children]. | infants and toddlers have the highest influenza hospitalization rate in pediatrics. although the impact of this virus in children has been recognized, there is no defined statement related to vaccination in this population. | 2005 | 16163429 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, may 22-september 3, 2005, and 2005-06 season vaccination recommendations. | influenza a (h3n2) viruses circulated worldwide, and influenza a (h1) and b viruses were reported less frequently during may 22-september 3, 2005. in north america, isolates of influenza a (h3n2), a (h1), and influenza b were identified sporadically. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states and worldwide since the last mmwr update. | 2005 | 16163816 |
| influenza vaccines. | 2005 | 16171031 | |
| [consecutive infection by influenza viruses type a and b in the same influenza season]. | 2005 | 16185642 | |
| [influenza in poland in 2003]. | following two years of low influenza incidence in poland, the activity of this disease markedly increased in 2003. in total 1,216,285 cases of influenza like illness were registered (incidence 3,184.4 per 100,000). regionally the incidence ranged from 1,195.7 in zachodniopomorskie to 5,719.7 per 100,000 in mazowieckie. children and adolescents under 15 years of age accounted for 41.7% of all cases (507,102 cases, age specific incidence 7,579.0 per 100,000). in this age group the incidence varied ... | 2005 | 16190524 |
| multiple gene segments control the temperature sensitivity and attenuation phenotypes of ca b/ann arbor/1/66. | cold-adapted (ca) b/ann arbor/1/66 is the influenza b virus strain master donor virus for flumist, a live, attenuated, influenza virus vaccine licensed in 2003 in the united states. each flumist vaccine strain contains six gene segments of the master donor virus; these master donor gene segments control the vaccine's replication and attenuation. these gene segments also express characteristic biological traits in model systems. unlike most virulent wild-type (wt) influenza b viruses, ca b/ann ar ... | 2005 | 16103152 |
| emerging infections and children: influenza and acute necrotizing encephalopathy. | 2005 | 16107062 | |
| [diagnostic tests: influenza a, b, c viruses]. | 2005 | 16111270 | |
| molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus in uruguay: 1985-2001--a review. | the variability of the g glycoprotein from human respiratory syncytial viruses (hrsv) (groups a and b) isolated during 17 consecutive epidemics in montevideo, uruguay have been analyzed. several annual epidemics were studied, where strains from groups a and b circulated together throughout the epidemics with predominance of one of them. usually, group a predominates, but in some epidemics group b is more frequently detected. to analyse the antigenic diversity of the strains, extracts of cells in ... | 2005 | 16113858 |
| [antivirals for influenza]. | this paper describes antivirals active against myxovirus influenzae (influenza vaccine excluded), together with their indications in inter-pandemic and pandemic situations. three kinds of antiviral drug, with different mechanisms of action, are active against myxovirus influenzae: the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine); ribavirin; and neuraminidase inhibitors (zanamivir and oseltamivir). amantadine is available in france but its indications are limited by its inactivity against influenza b ... | 2005 | 16114863 |
| influenza in taiwan: seasonality and vaccine strain match. | this article explores seasonality, epidemiology and dominant epidemic strains of influenza in taiwan. surveillance in taiwan demonstrates that influenza is a disease which occurs throughout the year but has peak activity in winter. due to the high mutability of influenza virus, effective vaccination is the best strategy for protection. although the world health organization-recommended vaccine compositions usually matched with around 77% of circulating strains worldwide, the rate of matching in ... | 2005 | 16118670 |
| few but severe viral infections in children with cancer: a prospective rt-pcr and pcr-based 12-month study. | treatment of low-risk febrile episodes with oral administered antibiotics at home is a new approach in pediatric oncology and protective isolation is loosened in more centers. the impact of viral respiratory infections in febrile diseases in this population is still unclear in terms of occurrence and morbidity. | 2005 | 16047356 |
| update: influenza activity--us and worldwide, 2004-2005 season. | 2005 | 16076906 | |
| risk of acquiring influenza b in a nursing home from a culture-positive roommate. | 2005 | 16078980 | |
| variation of the conserved neutralizing epitope in influenza b virus victoria group isolates in japan. | for almost 20 years, the neutralizing-epitope site specific for influenza b virus victoria group isolates was conserved at the "tip" of the hemagglutinin molecule; however, it was not detected in half of the isolates from the 2002-2003 epidemic in japan. amino acid substitutions (d164e or n165k) were observed at the "tip", and the epitope was altered. the viral antigenicities were affected, and human antibodies did not substantially inhibit the hemagglutination in the hemagglutination inhibition ... | 2005 | 16081981 |
| evaluation of three influenza a and b rapid antigen detection kits--update. | 2005 | 16085921 | |
| prevention and control of influenza. recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). | this report updates the 2004 recommendations by the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (cdc. prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices [acip]. mmwr 2004;53[no. rr-6]:1-40). the 2005 recommendations include new or updated information regarding 1) vaccination of persons with conditions leading to compromise of the respiratory system; 2) vaccination of health-c ... | 2005 | 16086456 |
| in vitro and in vivo influenza virus-inhibitory effects of viramidine. | viramidine, the 3-carboxamidine derivative of ribavirin, was effective against a spectrum of influenza a (h1n1, h3n2 and h5n1) and b viruses in vitro, with the 50% effective concentration (ec50) ranging from 2 to 32 microg/ml. the mean 50% cytotoxic concentration (cc50) in the mdck cells used in these experiments was 760 microg/ml. ribavirin, run in parallel, had a similar antiviral spectrum, with ec50 values ranging from 0.6 to 5.5 microg/ml; the mean cc50 for ribavirin was 560 microg/ml. oral ... | 2005 | 16087250 |
| surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza requiring hospital admission in adults, metropolitan toronto and peel region, 2004-2005 influenza season. | 2005 | 16669120 | |
| effectiveness of vaccine against medical consultation due to laboratory-confirmed influenza: results from a sentinel physician pilot project in british columbia, 2004-2005. | 2005 | 16669132 | |
| [a study on the influenza surveillance program in tianjin, 2004]. | to explore the trend of influenza epidemics, predominate strains of the virus in tianjin city and to analyze the economic impact of vaccine-based interventions for the prevention and control of influenza. | 2005 | 16676603 |
| [eleven cases of co-infection with influenza type a and type b suspected by use of a rapid diagnostic kit and confirmed by rt-pcr and virus isolation]. | in the 2004/05 influenza season there were epidemics of influenza caused by several types of viruses (type b and a (h3) viruses, and type b, a (h3), and a (h1) viruses) in many areas of japan. in such epidemics a single individual could be co-infected with several influenza viruses. from february to march in 2005, we examined 15 patients who were positive for influenza type a and b viruses when tested with a rapid diagnostic kit. the type a (h3) and b influenza virus genes were successfully ampl ... | 2005 | 16366359 |
| [encephalopathy and encephalitis--influenza-associated neurological sequels]. | we would like to present chosen neurological sequels post viral infections--viruses of influenza a and b. unfortunately pathogenesis of encephalopathy and encephalitis after infection with viruses of influenza is still unclear. this problem seems very important because a most of neurological cases--encephalopathy and encephalitis after influenza concerns children and adolescents, who haven't yet full immunological protecting mechanisms. the basic manner of protection against influenza and all po ... | 2005 | 16379311 |
| influenza: incidence, symptoms and treatment. | influenza is a common respiratory condition that has a history of developing into epidemics and pandemics. individuals at risk of influenza and related complications include older people, young children and individuals with chronic renal, cardiac and respiratory diseases. influenza can begin suddenly and is accompanied by fever, chills, aches, pains, headaches, fatigue, cough and generalized weakness that can last up to 14 days. complications of influenza include secondary bacterial pneumonia, p ... | 2005 | 16509437 |
| influenza surveillance in the islamic republic of iran from 1991 to 2001. | to better understand the annual distribution of influenza virus in our country, we isolated and typed 45 viruses from 1043 patients with acute respiratory illnesses in a 10-year study conducted by the national influenza centre of the islamic republic of iran. the seasonal distribution of influenza typically ran from november to april. type a influenza was most common during the winters of 1991-92, 1997-98 and 2000-01 and type b influenza was most common during 1992-5 and 1996-97. both type a and ... | 2004 | 16212207 |
| influenza. | 2004 | 15865706 | |
| antibody response to influenza vaccination in healthy adults. | the aim of this study was to assess antibody response in 184 healthy adults vaccinated with split influenza vaccine (begrivac, chiron behring). response to hemagglutinin and neuraminidase was assessed before vaccination and after 1 month by hemagglutination inhibition test and neuraminidase inhibition test. after vaccination, statistically significant increases of antibody titers, both for hemagglutinins and for neuraminidases, were observed. the post-vaccination proportion of persons with prote ... | 2004 | 15671759 |
| influenza b virus associated pneumonia: report of one case. | influenza a virus is a more common cause of pneumonia than influenza b virus. influenza virus pneumonia complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is rare and has a high mortality rate. in addition to pneumonia, influenza occasionally causes neurologic, cardiac, renal, or muscular complications. hepatic involvement in influenza virus infection has been rarely reported. we reported the case of a 7-year-old girl who was initially treated for upper respiratory tract infection, but ... | 2004 | 15624374 |
| [comparison of three rapid diagnostic kits using immunochromatography for detection of influenza a virsuses]. | in 2004, 3 new rapid influenza diagnostic kits using immunochromatography that allow type differentiation became commercially available. they are the espline influenza a & b-n (fujirebio corp., japan: espline-n hereafter), quickvue rapid sp influ (quidel corp., usa: quickvue), and poctem influenza a/b (international reagents corp., japan: poctem). the authors performed a prospective study that compared the usefulness among the 3 kits in 151 children with suspected influenza, who were examined wi ... | 2004 | 15628525 |
| influenza a viruses of migrating wild aquatic birds in north america. | surveillance of north america's wild ducks and shorebirds for 26 and 16 years, respectively, revealed differences in the prevalence of orthomyxoviruses between these hosts. shorebirds had a high frequency of influenza a virus isolation during their northern migration, while wild ducks had high virus isolation frequencies during their southern migration. some subtypes of influenza occurred regularly in both hosts with a 2-year periodicity, whereas others rarely occurred. hemagglutinin subtypes h1 ... | 2004 | 15631061 |
| [safety and immunogenicity of split vaccines of influenza viruses]. | to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of influenza split vaccine. | 2004 | 15640848 |
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2005 influenza season. | 2004 | 15571174 | |
| mapping of genomic segments of influenza b virus strains by an oligonucleotide microarray method. | similar to other segmented rna viruses, influenza viruses can exchange genome segments and form a wide variety of reassortant strains upon coreplication within a host cell. therefore, the mapping of genome segments of influenza viruses is essential for understanding their phenotypes. in this work, we have developed an oligonucleotide microarray hybridization method for simultaneous genotyping of all genomic segments of two highly homologous strains of influenza b virus. a few strain-specific oli ... | 2004 | 15583314 |
| high permissivity of human hepg2 hepatoma cells for influenza viruses. | human hepg2 hepatoma cells are highly permissive for influenza virus type a and type b, even without the addition of trypsin, and they exhibit a marked cytopathic effect. this property greatly facilitates the primary isolation of influenza viruses. virus replication was significantly reduced by the plasmin(ogen)-specific inhibitor tranexamic acid, and this suggests a potential role played by the plasminogen/tissue plasminogen activator complex at the surface of hepg2 cells. this might represent ... | 2004 | 15583326 |
| influenza vaccine with squalene adjuvant: new preparation. no better than available products. | (1) injectable influenza vaccines reduce morbidity and mortality in people over 65 years. (2) a new influenza vaccine, with an adjuvant (mf59c.1) based on squalene, is now marketed in france for people over 65, and especially those with chronic conditions at risk of influenza complications. (3) the clinical evaluation dossier contains data from about twenty immunogenicity studies in more than 4000 elderly subjects. according to a meta-analysis of these studies, there is no firm evidence that the ... | 2004 | 15599987 |
| influenza virus entry and infection require host cell n-linked glycoprotein. | a widely held view of influenza virus infection is that the viral receptor consists of cell surface carbohydrate sialic acid, which can be present as glycoprotein or glycolipid. here, we examined influenza virus entry and infection in lec1 cells, a mutant cho cell line deficient in terminal n-linked glycosylation caused by a mutation in the n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i (gnt1) gene. we show that influenza virus cannot infect lec1 cells, despite having full capacity to undergo virus binding a ... | 2004 | 15601777 |
| safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of intranasal, live attenuated influenza vaccine. | data supporting the use of the live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) in children and adults is reviewed, and the development and characteristics of the vaccine are summarized. the vaccine is highly effective and well tolerated in children and adults from 5 to 49 years of age. correlates of immune protection include serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibody and secretory immunoglobulin a. efficacy against antigenically well-matched epidemic influenza strains was high at 92%. in 1 year, despit ... | 2004 | 15606348 |
| mutational pattern of influenza b viruses adapted to high growth replication in embryonated eggs. | improved replication of influenza viruses in embryonated chicken eggs (ce) permits increased vaccine production and availability. we investigated the growth properties of influenza b viruses in relation to specific mutations occurring after serial passage in ce. in serial passage experiments yielding high growth variants of b/victoria/504/2000, mutations predicted to alter amino acid (aa) composition occurred only near the receptor-binding pocket of the hemagglutinins (ha) and in no other genes. ... | 2004 | 15763145 |
| [analysis of influenza antibodies in normal people in jiangsu province in 2003 ]. | 2004 | 15769348 | |
| association of influenza epidemics with global climate variability. | the reasons for the seasonality and annual changes in the impact of influenza epidemics remain poorly understood. we investigated the covariations between a major component of climate, namely the el niño southern oscillation (enso), and indicators of the impact of influenza, as measured by morbidity, excess mortality and viral subtypes collected in france during the period 1971-2002. we show that both the circulating subtype and the magnitude of enso are associated with the impact of influenza e ... | 2004 | 15648600 |
| aggregate content influences the th1/th2 immune response to influenza vaccine: evidence from a mouse model. | during the 2000-2001 season, a newly identified oculo-respiratory syndrome (ors) was detected across canada as an adverse effect to one influenza vaccine. the implicated vaccine contained a higher than expected proportion of unsplit and aggregated influenza virions. clinical and epidemiologic features of ors were suggestive of type 2-like influences on the immune response. we hypothesized that the implicated vaccine from the 2000-2001 season would induce greater th2-like polarization relative to ... | 2004 | 14635022 |
| inhibition of rantes expression by indirubin in influenza virus-infected human bronchial epithelial cells. | the human bronchial epithelial cells are the primary sites of influenza virus infection. in this study, the effect of indirubin on the expression of the chemokine regulated on activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted (rantes) by the influenza virus-infected h292 human epithelial cell line was examined. the expression of rantes mrna was analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the concentration of rantes production was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorben ... | 2004 | 14667939 |
| influence of antigenic drift on the intensity of influenza outbreaks: upper respiratory tract infections of military conscripts in finland. | a total of 102,600 upper respiratory infections (uri) were recorded among young military conscripts in the finnish defence forces during the study period from october 1991 to march 1994. this period covered three outbreaks caused by h3n2-subtype influenza a virus and one outbreak of influenza b. during the 1991/92 outbreak caused by a/beijing/353/89-like virus, the calculated influenza a incidence was 2,206/10,000 men. during the 1992/93 outbreak when influenza b was the predominant virus, a new ... | 2004 | 14695670 |
| direct and total effectiveness of the intranasal, live-attenuated, trivalent cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine against the 2000-2001 influenza a(h1n1) and b epidemic in healthy children. | the efficacy of the intranasal, live-attenuated, trivalent cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine (caiv-t) against influenza a(h3n2) and b infections in healthy persons is established, but its effectiveness against natural influenza a(h1n1) infection is unknown. | 2004 | 14706961 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, december 21, 2003-january 3, 2004. | the number of states reporting widespread influenza activity decreased during december 21, 2003-january 3, 2004. during the latest reporting week, ending january 3, health departments in 38 states, the district of columbia, and new york city reported widespread influenza activity. nine states reported regional activity, one state reported local activity, and one state and guam reported sporadic activity. the percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ili) decreased in all survei ... | 2004 | 14712179 |
| cell-based assay for the determination of temperature sensitive and cold adapted phenotypes of influenza viruses. | the determination of temperature sensitive (ts) and cold adapted (ca) phenotype for influenza a and b strains has been conducted traditionally using embryonated chicken eggs. as attempts are made to move away from the use of eggs in the manufacturing process of influenza vaccines, it will become useful to develop cell-based assays to support cell culture-based vaccine production. in this study, mdck cells have been evaluated as a tool for determining the ts and ca phenotypes associated with live ... | 2004 | 14715309 |
| phenotypic drug susceptibility assay for influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors. | a flow cytometric (fluorescence-activated cell sorter [facs]) assay was developed for analysis of the drug susceptibilities of wild-type and drug-resistant influenza a and b virus laboratory strains and clinical isolates for the neuraminidase (na) inhibitors oseltamivir carboxylate, zanamivir, and peramivir. the drug susceptibilities of wild-type influenza viruses and those with mutations in the hemagglutinin (ha) and/or na genes rendering them resistant to one or more of the na inhibitors were ... | 2004 | 14715540 |
| multiplex real-time pcr assay for detection of influenza and human respiratory syncytial viruses. | a multiplex real-time pcr assay was developed with a lightcycler instrument for detection of influenza viruses a and b and the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). detection of each viral product and of an internal control was based on determination of specific melting temperatures by the lightcycler software. the lower limit of detection in the multiplex pcr assay was found to be 50 copies for each viral target. in an evaluation of nasopharyngeal samples collected from hospitalized childre ... | 2004 | 14715730 |
| antiviral activity of hop constituents against a series of dna and rna viruses. | we investigated whether crude hop extracts and purified hop components representing every major chemical class of hop compound have antiviral activity. these hop constituents were tested for antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) as a surrogate model of hepatitis c virus (hcv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), influenza a virus (flu-a), influenza b virus (flu-b), rhinovirus (rhino), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), yellow fever virus (yfv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), hepa ... | 2004 | 14670594 |
| effect of a single mutation in neuraminidase on the properties of influenza b virus isolates. | two strains of influenza b virus were isolated in vero cells. subclones with improved efficiency of plaque formation were selected. the activity of the neuraminidase (na) of the two subclones compared to their respective isolates dropped 20- and 100-fold, respectively. both subclones had a common mutation in segment 6 leading to a change from asp to asn at position 457 in the na. this mutation destroyed a salt bridge of the contact surface between the monomers, thereby causing the loss in enzyma ... | 2004 | 14689282 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, january 4-10, 2004. | the number of states reporting widespread influenza activity continued to decrease during the reporting week of january 4-10, 2004. health departments in 20 states and new york city reported widespread influenza activity. a total of 24 states reported regional activity, three states reported local activity, and sporadic activity was reported by two states, the district of columbia, guam, and puerto rico. the percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ili) continued to decrease i ... | 2004 | 14724560 |
| influenza dna vaccine: an update. | 2004 | 14733788 | |
| microsphere-based duplexed immunoassay for influenza virus typing by flow cytometry. | we have developed a rapid, duplexed microsphere-based immunoassay for the characterization of influenza virus types that has the potential to overcome many of the limitations of current detection methods. the assay uses microspheres of two sizes, each coupled to an influenza type a- or type b-specific monoclonal antibody (mab), to capture influenza viruses in the sample. a cocktail of fluorescently labeled, influenza-specific polyclonal antibodies then binds the captured viruses. the sandwich co ... | 2004 | 14736414 |
| detection of differential expression of mouse interferon-alpha subtypes by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. | specific primers for nine mouse interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) subtypes, namely, ifn-alpha1, ifn-alpha1-9, ifn-alpha2, ifn-alpha4, ifn-alpha5, ifn-alpha7, ifn-alpha6/8, ifn-alpha11, and ifn-alphab, were designed and evaluated on poly(i).poly(c)-induced and influenza virus-infected l929 cells. specificity of the primers was confirmed in a cross-polymerase chain reaction (cross-pcr). ifn-alpha1, ifn-alpha1-9, ifn-alpha4, ifn-alpha6/8, ifn-alpha11, and ifn-alphab were found to be induced in l929 cell ... | 2004 | 14736428 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, january 11-17, 2004. | the number of states reporting widespread influenza activity continued to decrease during the reporting week of january 11-17, 2004. health departments in five states reported widespread influenza activity. a total of 31 states and new york city reported regional activity, eight states reported local activity, and sporadic activity was reported by six states, the district of columbia, guam, and puerto rico. the percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ili) continued to decreas ... | 2004 | 14737063 |
| the influenza b virus nonstructural ns1 protein is essential for efficient viral growth and antagonizes beta interferon induction. | we analyzed the functions of the influenza b virus nonstructural ns1-b protein, both by utilizing a constructed mutant virus (delta ns1-b) lacking the ns1 gene and by testing the activities of the protein when expressed in cells. the mutant virus replicated to intermediate levels in 6-day-old embryonated chicken eggs that contain an immature interferon (ifn) system, whereas older eggs did not support viral propagation to a significant extent. the delta ns1-b virus was a substantially stronger in ... | 2004 | 14747551 |
| influenza vaccine--outmaneuvering antigenic shift and drift. | 2004 | 14724300 | |
| update: influenza activity--united states, january 18-24, 2004. | the number of states reporting widespread influenza activity continued to decrease during the reporting week of january 18-24, 2004. one state health department reported widespread activity. a total of 20 states reported regional activity, 19 states and new york city reported local activity, and sporadic activity was reported by nine states, the district of columbia, guam, and puerto rico. the percentage of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ili) remained the same during the week endi ... | 2004 | 14749616 |
| immune responses to influenza immunization in children receiving maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | to compare the immune responses to influenza vaccine in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) receiving maintenance chemotherapy with those in healthy children. | 2004 | 14752792 |
| in vitro generation and characterisation of an influenza b variant with reduced sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors. | a contemporary influenza type b virus was passaged in vitro in the presence of increasing concentrations of the neuraminidase inhibitors, zanamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate (0.1-1000 microm over nine passages). after the fifth passage in the presence of zanamivir (10 microm), the virus acquired a glu 119 asp neuraminidase mutation (influenza a n2 subtype numbering) in the enzyme active site. after a further three passages, in which growth occurred in 100 microm of zanamivir, a gln 218 lys mut ... | 2004 | 15451185 |
| influenza b virus bm2 protein is a crucial component for incorporation of viral ribonucleoprotein complex into virions during virus assembly. | influenza b virus contains four integral membrane proteins in its envelope. of these, bm2 has recently been found to have ion channel activity and is considered to be a functional counterpart to influenza a virus m2, but the role of bm2 in the life cycle of influenza b virus remains unclear. in an effort to explore its function, a number of bm2 mutant viruses were generated by using a reverse genetics technique. the bm2deltaatg mutant virus synthesized bm2 at markedly lower levels but exhibited ... | 2004 | 15452221 |
| annual report of the national influenza surveillance scheme, 2003. | surveillance of influenza in australia is based on laboratory isolation of influenza viruses, sentinel general-practitioner practices for influenza-like illness, and absenteeism data from a major national employer. in 2003, the peak in influenza activity was in august which was later than in 2002. in 2003, 3,604 laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza were notified to the national notifiable diseases surveillance system, which was marginally lower than for the previous year. ninety-four per cent ... | 2004 | 15460951 |
| the influenza surveillance program in western australia, 2003. | in the winter of 2003 western australia experienced its largest epidemic of influenza for at least five years, with activity peaking in august and september. the season was short resulting in very high numbers of cases during the peak weeks. activity in country areas followed the peak of metropolitan activity. influenza a virus was detected in 28.3 per cent of the sentinel samples, and influenza b in less than one per cent. both routine and sentinel detections and the overall estimates of influe ... | 2004 | 15460952 |
| higher than normal seasonal influenza activity in victoria, 2003. | influenza surveillance in victoria comprises surveillance of patients with influenza-like illness (ili) from sentinel general practices and laboratory based reporting of influenza detections, predominantly from hospital inpatients. surveillance of patients with ili seen by the melbourne medical locum service (mmls) was conducted for the first time in 2003, when the influenza season was characterised by a late onset with higher than normal seasonal activity. influenza a (h3n2) was the predominant ... | 2004 | 15460953 |
| strong local and systemic protective immunity induced in the ferret model by an intranasal virosome-formulated influenza subunit vaccine. | the proliferation of influenza viruses causes costly, recurrent, annual epidemics. current vaccines, mainly administered parenterally, have been shown to be suboptimal in terms of efficacy, particularly where local iga responses are concerned. recent investigations of virosomes as delivery systems for viral ha and na antigens have demonstrated an improved immune response. this paper investigates the efficacy of a novel virosome-based intranasal influenza vaccine by its ability to reduce disease ... | 2004 | 15474733 |
| [clinical symptoms of influenza infection in the 2002-2003 season]. | the highest body temperature and clinical symptoms during the influenza infection were analyzed on 2,145 patients with influenza, (type a: 1,408cases, type b: 737cases: confirmed by a rapid diagnosis kit, capilia flua, b), and for 670 patients with a negative response to the rapid diagnosis kit (controls). the study was a multi-center study of the 2002-2003 influenza season. the percentages of patients with fever over 38 degrees c, 38.5 degrees c and 39 degrees c were significantly higher in inf ... | 2004 | 15478643 |
| influence of acylation sites of influenza b virus hemagglutinin on fusion pore formation and dilation. | the cytoplasmic tail (ct) of hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza b virus (bha) contains at positions 578 and 581 two highly conserved cysteine residues (cys578 and cys581) that are modified with palmitic acid (pa) through a thioester linkage. to investigate the role of pa in the fusion activity of bha, site-specific mutagenesis was performed with influenza b virus b/kanagawa/73 ha cdna. all of the ha mutants were expressed on cos cells by an expression vector. the membrane fusion ability of the ha m ... | 2004 | 15479794 |
| the n- and c-terminal domains of the ns1 protein of influenza b virus can independently inhibit irf-3 and beta interferon promoter activation. | the ns1 proteins of influenza a and b viruses (a/ns1 and b/ns1 proteins) have only approximately 20% amino acid sequence identity. nevertheless, these proteins show several functional similarities, such as their ability to bind to the same rna targets and to inhibit the activation of protein kinase r in vitro. a critical function of the a/ns1 protein is the inhibition of synthesis of alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) during viral infection. recently, it was also found that the b/ns1 protein ... | 2004 | 15479798 |
| homology model of the structure of influenza b virus ha1. | influenza b virus is one of two types of influenza virus that cause substantial morbidity and mortality in humans, the other being influenza a virus. the inability to provide lasting protection to humans against influenza b virus infection is due, in part, to antigenic drift of the viral surface glycoprotein, haemagglutinin (ha). studies of the antigenicity of the ha of influenza b virus have been hampered by lack of knowledge of its structure. to address this gap, two possible models have been ... | 2004 | 15483238 |
| changes in the hemagglutinins and neuraminidases of human influenza b viruses isolated in italy during the 2001-02, 2002-03, and 2003-04 seasons. | throughout most of the last decade, b/yamagata/16/88-lineage influenza viruses were predominant among the b isolates circulating worldwide, whereas b/victoria/2/87-lineage viruses were isolated infrequently and restricted geographically to eastern asia. during the 2001-02 influenza season, b/victoria/2/87-lineage viruses re-emerged in north america and europe and spread worldwide. virological surveillance in italy during that season showed wide circulation of influenza b viruses, of which most w ... | 2004 | 15484280 |
| burden of influenza in healthy children and their households. | a prospective, multicentre study was conducted to evaluate the burden of laboratory confirmed influenza in healthy children and their household contacts. | 2004 | 15499051 |
| three-year (1999-2002) of epidemiological and virological surveillance of influenza in north-east italy. | the results of the epidemiological and virological surveillance of influenza performed during the 1999/2000, 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 seasons in the northeastern italy were presented and the relationship between age-specific morbidity rates and circulating strains were discussed.the epidemiological findings pointed out a change in age distribution. during the 1999/2000 season, characterized by a circulation of viruses antigenically close to the vaccine strain, a similar incidence rate in the 0-14 ... | 2004 | 15499899 |
| [appropriate use of rapid diagnostic testing for influenza]. | to determine a more timely acquisition of accurate results for influenza patients, a rapid diagnostic testing for influenza were studied on 877 pediatric patients performed during the 2002-2003 flu season in our hospital. of these, 337 patients were finally diagnosed as influenza based on the test results and treated with antiviral agents, amantadine or oseltamivir. ten (29%) of the 34 patients whose tests were negative within 12 hours after onset became positive over 12 hours after onset. on th ... | 2004 | 15508719 |
| [evaluation of flow-through immunoassay for rapid detection of influenza a and b viruses]. | we evaluated a flow-through immunoassay for rapid detection of influenza a and b viral antigens, rapidtesta flu ab (daiichi pure chemicals co., ltd., tokyo, japan), by using 507 specimens collected from patients with influenza-like symptoms during the 2002/2003 influenza season in japan. the specimens consisted of 239 nasal swabs and 268 nasal aspirates; 374 specimens were collected from pediatric patients (under 16 years of age) and 133 from adult patients. rapidtesta flu ab was compared with c ... | 2004 | 15508721 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, may-october 2004. | may-october 2004, influenza a (h3n2) viruses circulated worldwide and were associated with mild-to-moderate levels of disease activity. influenza a (h1n1) and b viruses were reported less frequently. in north america, isolates of influenza a (h3n2), a (h1n1), and b were identified sporadically. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states and worldwide during may-october 2004. influenza activity in north america typically peaks during december-march. | 2004 | 15514583 |
| no apoptotic deaths and different levels of inductions of inflammatory cytokines in alveolar macrophages infected with influenza viruses. | influenza viruses are reported to infect mainly the respiratory tract epithelium of hosts. our studies in a pig model show that influenza a viruses infect alveolar macrophages that constitutively reside in the respiratory tract, without causing apoptosis. tumor necrosis factor alpha was the inflammatory cytokine most highly induced in these macrophages. in vivo, alveolar macrophages infected with human h3n2 influenza virus showed greater expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha than did alveola ... | 2004 | 15518807 |
| [the 2003/2004 influenza season in the netherlands with a limited epidemic of the virus variant a/fujian, and the vaccine composition for the 2004/2005 season]. | in contrast to the three previous influenza seasons, the influenza epidemic of the 2003/2004 season started early in week 49 of 2003. the epidemic was predominantly caused by influenza-a viruses of the h3n2 subtype. all isolated influenza-a viruses were antigenically related to influenza virus a/fujian/411/02, which was already detected in the influenza season 2002/2003 and that deviated from the vaccine-reference strain a/moscow/10/99 to a certain extent. the magnitude of the epidemic was limit ... | 2004 | 15524136 |
| serum antibody responses after intradermal vaccination against influenza. | if found to be safe and immunogenic, reduced doses of influenza vaccine given by the intradermal route could increase the number of available doses of vaccine. | 2004 | 15525713 |
| dose sparing with intradermal injection of influenza vaccine. | the loss of half the u.s. supply of influenza vaccine due to contamination has created a critical shortage. dose-sparing strategies that use intradermal delivery of vaccines may be one approach to consider. | 2004 | 15525714 |
| treatment of mannan-enhanced influenza b virus infections in mice with oseltamivir, ribavirin and viramidine. | mannan, a polysaccharide preparation from saccharomyces cerevisiae, has previously been shown to enhance influenza virus replication in mice by inhibiting host defense collectins. the use of mannan in infections may serve to broaden the types of influenza viruses that can be studied in rodent infection models. when mannan was co-administered with influenza b/sichuan/379/99 virus to mice, the animals died from the infection, whereas mice infected with only virus survived. three types of influenza ... | 2004 | 15535048 |
| multiple genotypes of influenza b virus circulated between 1979 and 2003. | the segmented genome of influenza b virus allows exchange of gene segments between cocirculating strains. through this process of reassortment, diversity is generated by the mixing of genes between viruses that differ in one or more gene segments. phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of all 11 genes of 31 influenza b viruses isolated from 1979 to 2003 were used to study the evolution of whole genomes. all 11 genes diverged into two new lineages prior to 1987. all genes except the ns1 gene were ... | 2004 | 15542634 |
| [etiological study on an outbreak of acute respiratory infection in children in beijing]. | an outbreak of acute respiratory infections in children occurred in beijing from november to december, 2002. to investigate the etiological agents of affected children who were in day care centers and primary schools. | 2004 | 15555388 |
| update on influenza, 2004-2005. | 2004 | 15559384 | |
| preparing for the flu season. | 2004 | 15559456 | |
| influenza vaccination with 1/10th the full dose. | 2004 | 15564552 | |
| design and performance testing of quantitative real time pcr assays for influenza a and b viral load measurement. | the antiviral effect of anti-influenza drugs such as zanamivir may be demonstrated in patients as an increased rate of decline in viral load over a time course of treatment as compared with placebo. historically this was measured using plaque assays, or culture enhanced enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ce-elisa). | 2004 | 14962787 |
| influenza-b-virus-induced eye and brain malformations during early chick embryogenesis and localization of the viral rna in specific areas. | influenza is prevalent worldwide, and the teratogenic effects of influenza infection have been suspected to occur within the developing central nervous system. we herein report the sequelae of influenza b viral infection during early chick embryogenesis. chick embryos at hamburger-hamilton stage 9 were infected by an in ovo injection under the blastoderm of influenza b virus (b/taiwan/25/99). at 48 h after infection, gross malformations of the eye and brain, ranging from 25 to 58% of 168 infecte ... | 2004 | 14966377 |
| inactivated influenza virus vaccines in children. | healthy children aged < or =2 years have hospitalization rates during influenza periods 12 times those of older children and comparable to rates in the elderly population. in 2003, killed influenza vaccines were "recommended" for children with high-risk conditions and were "encouraged" for children aged 6-23 months. studies involving several thousand children show that split-virus vaccines are safe and immunogenic in healthy children aged > or =6 months and in high-risk children. in children age ... | 2004 | 14986252 |
| a new modified dna enzyme that targets influenza virus a mrna inhibits viral infection in cultured cells. | dna enzymes are rna-cleaving single-stranded dna molecules. we designed dna enzymes targeting the pb2 mrna translation initiation (aug) region of the influenza a virus (a/pr/8/34). the modified dna enzymes have one or two n3'-p5' phosphoramidate bonds at both the 3'- and 5'-termini of the oligonucleotides, which significantly enhanced their nuclease resistance. these modified dna enzymes had the same cleavage activity as the unmodified dna enzymes, determined by kinetic analyses, and reduced inf ... | 2004 | 14988000 |
| vaccines. shifting tactics in the battle against influenza. | 2004 | 14988531 |