Publications

comparison of two commercial ovine campylobacter vaccines and an experimental bacterin in guinea pigs inoculated with campylobacter jejuni.	objective-to compare efficacy of 2 commercial ovine campylobacter vaccines and an experimental bacterin in guinea pigs following ip inoculation with campylobacter jejuni ia3902. animals-51 female guinea pigs. procedures-pregnant and nonpregnant animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups and administered a commercial campylobacter vaccine labeled for prevention of campylobacteriosis in sheep via two 5-ml doses 14 days apart (vaccine a; n = 13), another labeled for prevention of cam ...	2011	21627526
anti-complementary ginsenosides isolated from processed ginseng.	as part of an ongoing search for immunomodulatory components aimed at the anti-complementary effect, ginsenosides isolated from processed ginseng were found to have inhibitory activity on complement activation through classical pathways. activity-guided fractionation was used to isolate four ginsenosides, namely ginsenoside rg(6), f(4), rk(3), and rh(4). ginsenoside rk(3) and rh(4) had a 3 fold higher inhibition activity than rosmarinic acid which was used as a positive control while ginsenoside ...	2011	21628891
myocardial response in preterm fetal sheep exposed to systemic endotoxinaemia.	exposure of the fetus to antenatal inflammation can occur from chorioamnionitis which may progress to a fetal inflammatory response syndrome (firs) and to fetal sepsis. we tested if the fetal myocardium responded to systemic gram-negative endotoxinaemia. we hypothesized that the myocardium would respond to inflammation by changes in hypoxia-inducible factor-α (hif-1α), inducible no-synthase (inos), toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (tlr2 and tlr4), interleukin(il-)6, and phosphorylated signal transduce ...	2011	21629153
gene expression profiling and association with prion-related lesions in the medulla oblongata of symptomatic natural scrapie animals.	the pathogenesis of natural scrapie and other prion diseases remains unclear. examining transcriptome variations in infected versus control animals may highlight new genes potentially involved in some of the molecular mechanisms of prion-induced pathology. the aim of this work was to identify disease-associated alterations in the gene expression profiles of the caudal medulla oblongata (mo) in sheep presenting the symptomatic phase of natural scrapie. the gene expression patterns in the mo from ...	2011	21629698
economic impact of cystic echinococcosis in peru.	cystic echinococcosis (ce) constitutes an important public health problem in peru. however, no studies have attempted to estimate the monetary and non-monetary impact of ce in peruvian society.	2011	21629731
characterization of genetic variation in the forkhead box class o3 gene (foxo3) in sheep.	foxo3 is a member of the forkhead box class o (foxo) transcription factor family that modulates the transcription of target genes in a variety of cellular functions in lower animals to mammals. it has been implicated in the attenuation of insulin-signaling pathways, including having a potential role in lifespan control in rodents and invertebrates. recent studies also provide some evidence for an association between ageing, human longevity, and variation in the foxo3 gene. to date there has been ...	2011	21631280
in vitro and in vivo characterization of nonbiomedical- and biomedical-grade alginates for articular chondrocyte transplantation.	alginate is a key hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering. here, we systematically evaluated four biomedical- and two nonbiomedical-grade alginates for their capacity to support the in vitro culture and in vivo transplantation of articular chondrocytes. chondrocytes in all ultrapure alginates maintained high cell viability. spheres composed of biomedical-grade, low-viscosity, high-mannuronic acid content alginate showed the lowest decrease in size over time. biomedical-grade, low-viscosity, hi ...	2011	21631387
uterine transplantation: one human case followed by a decade of experimental research in animal models.	uterine transplantation (utx) aims to treat unconditional uterine factor infertility by replacing a non-functioning or non-existing uterus. after one attempt of utx in the human 10 years ago, intensive research has been performed. the results of these specific studies on surgical technique, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, immunosuppression and fertility are discussed.	2011	21631436
in vitro effects of imatinib on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase.	imatinib (gleevec, sti571) is a drug used to treat certain types of cancer. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase are enzymes important for redox homeostasis and play key roles in many cellular processes. the purpose of the present work is to evaluate the in vitro effects of imatinib on sheep brain cortex glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and on bovine kidney cortex, bovine liver and yeast glutathione reductase. kinetic studies on the inhibition of enzymes by imatinib have ...	2011	21631962
anisotropic mechanical properties of ovine femoral periosteum and the effects of cryopreservation.	the mechanical properties of periosteum are not well characterized. an understanding of these properties is critical to predict the environment of pluripotent and osteochondroprogenitor cells that reside within the periosteum and that have been shown recently to exhibit a remarkably rapid capacity to generate bone de novo. furthermore, the effects of cryopreservation on periosteal mechanical properties are currently unknown. we hypothesized that the periosteum is pre-stressed in situ and that th ...	2011	21632057
phylogenetic differences of mammalian basal metabolic rate are not explained by mitochondrial basal proton leak.	metabolic rates of mammals presumably increased during the evolution of endothermy, but molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying basal metabolic rate (bmr) are still not understood. it has been established that mitochondrial basal proton leak contributes significantly to bmr. comparative studies among a diversity of eutherian mammals showed that bmr correlates with body mass and proton leak. here, we studied bmr and mitochondrial basal proton leak in liver of various marsupial species. surpr ...	2011	21632624
augmentation cystoplasty and extracellular matrix scaffolds: an ex vivo comparative study with autogenous detubularised ileum.	augmentation cystoplasty (ac) with autogenous ileum remains the current gold standard surgical treatment for many patients with end-stage bladder disease. however, the presence of mucus-secreting epithelium within the bladder is associated with debilitating long-term complications. currently, decellularised biological materials derived from porcine extracellular matrix (ecm) are under investigation as potential augmentation scaffolds. important biomechanical limitations of ecms are decreased bla ...	2011	21633510
analysis of 19-nortestosterone residue in animal tissues by ion-trap gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.	a rapid sample treatment procedure for the gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (gc-ms) determination of 19-nortestosterone (19-nt) in animal tissues has been developed. in our optimized procedures, enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase from escherichia coli was performed in an acetate buffer (ph 5.2, 0.2 mol/l). next, the homogenate was mixed with methanol and heated at 60 °c for 15 min, then placed in an ice-bath at -18 °c for 2 h. after liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane, the a ...	2011	21634039
veterinary salmonella isolates in scotland decline again in 2009.		2011	21634058
northern ireland disease surveillance report: northern ireland disease surveillance, october to december 2010.		2011	21634063
zoonotic brucellosis: an underestimated or misdiagnosed disease in egypt.	over six months, 329 suggestive consecutive brucellosis human cases were diagnosed in attending the out-patients clinics of al-azhar and ain shams universities hospitals and giza governorate farmers. they were 100 females and 229 males with ages ranged between 15-65 years old. a total of 213 (64.75%) were working in dairy farm and/or consumed raw milk, 16 (14.85%) used home slaughtering of sheep, and 100 (30.4%) were working in giza government slaughter-house. clinically and by elisa-igm 259 out ...	2011	21634240
characterisation of the transcriptome of a wild great tit parus major population by next generation sequencing.	abstract: background: the recent development of next generation sequencing technologies has made it possible to generate very large amounts of sequence data in species with little to no genome information. combined with the vast phenotypic databases available for wild and non-model species, these data will provide an unprecedented opportunity to "genomicise" ecological model organisms and establish the genetic basis of quantitative traits in natural populations. results: this paper describes the ...	2011	21635727
loss of the pregnancy-induced rise in cortisol concentrations in the ewe impairs the fetal insulin-like growth factor axis.	maternal cortisol levels increase during pregnancy. although this change is important for optimal fetal growth, the mechanisms of the changes in growth remain unclear. the hypothesis examined was that alterations in maternal plasma cortisol concentrations are associated with changes in the fetal insulin-like growth factor (igf) axis. pregnant ewes in late gestation (115±0.4 days) were studied: six control animals, five ewes given 1mgkg(-1)day(-1) cortisol (high cortisol) and five adrenalectomise ...	2011	21635815
effects of simulated reflux laryngitis on laryngeal chemoreflexes in newborn lambs.	it has been suggested that reflux laryngitis (rl) is involved in apneas-bradycardias of the newborn. the aim of the present study was to develop a unique rl model in newborn lambs in order to test the hypothesis that rl enhances the cardiorespiratory components of the laryngeal chemoreflexes (lcr) in the neonatal period. gastric juice surrogate (2 ml of normal saline solution with hcl ph 2 + pepsin 300 u/ml) (rl group, n = 6) or normal saline (control group, n = 6) was repeatedly injected onto t ...	2011	21636560
time course of isotonic shortening and the underlying contraction mechanism in airway smooth muscle.	although the structure of the contractile unit in smooth muscle is poorly understood, some of the mechanical properties of the muscle suggest that a sliding-filament mechanism, similar to that in striated muscle, is also operative in smooth muscle. to test the applicability of this mechanism to smooth muscle function we have constructed a mathematical model based on a hypothetical structure of the smooth muscle contractile unit - a side-polar myosin filament sandwiched by actin filaments each at ...	2011	21636567
parenteral vaccination of mammalian livestock with newcastle disease virus-based vector vaccines offers optimal efficacy and safety.	newcastle disease virus (ndv) is an avian virus that is being evaluated as a vaccine vector for the delivery of foreign genes in mammals. the use of ndv as a vaccine vector in these species offers two major advantages. first, ndv is highly attenuated in mammals, rendering its use inherently safe. second, mammals lack pre-existing ndv immunity, which minimizes the risk of vaccination failure. ndv-vector vaccines are generally administered to mammals via the respiratory route. we recently showed t ...	2011	21636990
the pin-bone interface in external fixator: a standardized analysis in a sheep osteotomy model.	objectives:: the hypothesis of the study was that the incidence of pin loosening and pin infection would increase, whereas the general stability of the pin-bone interface would decrease with ongoing implantation time. the aim of this study was to analyze the biologic reactions of the bone tissue adjacent to the pin to determine the relationship among the osseous anchorage of pins, the incidence of infections, and the histologic appearance. methods:: three groups of sheep received a tibial osteot ...	2011	21637126
nitric oxide activity through guanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase modulation is impaired in fetal lambs with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.	congenital diaphragmatic hernia (cdh) is associated with pulmonary hypertension and death. administration of nitric oxide (no) alone remains ineffective in cdh cases. we investigated in near full-term lambs with and without cdh the role of guanylate cyclase (gc), the enzyme activated by no in increasing cyclic 3'-5'-guanylosine monophosphate, and the role of phosphodiesterase (pde) 5, the enzyme-degrading cyclic 3'-5'-guanylosine monophosphate.	2011	21843717
dnaj sequences of bacillus cereus strains isolated from outbreaks of hospital infection are highly similar to bacillus anthracis.	bacillus cereus is becoming an important nomosomial pathogen because of frequent isolation from blood cultures and from severe systemic infections. to differentiate highly pathogenic outbreak strain of b. cereus from other sources of the bacillus cereus, we attempted to analyze their dnaj sequences. assays indicated that dnaj sequence similarity of all of 52 blood culture isolates of b. cereus ranged from 92.8% to 100%. the distance between b. anthracis and b. cereus except six outbreak isolates ...	2011	21683265
characterization of fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition in animal fats using silver-ion and non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection.	fatty acid (fa) and triacylglycerol (tg) composition of natural oils and fats intake in the diet has a strong influence on the human health and chronic diseases. in this work, non-aqueous reversed-phase (narp) and silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry detection and gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (gc/fid) and mass spectrometry detection are used for the characterization of fa and tg composition in comp ...	2011	21835413
comparison of molecular and mcmaster microscopy techniques to confirm the presence of naturally acquired strongylid nematode infections in sheep.	patent strongylid nematode infections were identified using mcmaster worm egg counts (wec) and pcr assays (its-2 nuclear ribosomal dna) to screen genomic dna extracted directly from lamb faecal samples. lambs from four different farms in southern western australia were sampled rectally on two separate occasions, with mcmaster wecs and pcrs conducted on a total of 858 samples. negative controls (n=96) (wec<50eggs per gram [epg]) and positive controls (n=96) (faecal samples spiked with a 100++l su ...	2011	21827796
chorioamnionitis - new ideas from experimental models.	antenatal inflammation may be associated with adverse neonatal outcomes in several organ systems. bacteria and a few viruses have been detected in cases of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity which is referred to as chorioamnionitis. many aspects of this disease remain unclear such as the causes, time of onset and the fetal responses. chorioamnionitis was therefore induced in pregnant sheep by injections of lipopolysaccharide (lps) or ureaplasma species into the amniotic cavity under ultra ...	2011	21701204
alterations of blood parameters after intramuscular administration of imidocarb in healthy lambs.	the aim of this study was to determine the safety of imidocarb dipropionate in sheep. imidocarb dipropionate (imdp) was administered (2.4ôçëmg/kg, intramuscular; i.m.) to 10 sheep, and blood samples were obtained 0, 1, 6, and 9 days after treatment. hemacell counts, serum biochemical values, coagulation values, and serum oxidative status were measured. imdp caused transient decreases in ph, actual bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide, base excess in vivo, base excess in vitro, ...	2011	21834689
longitudinal investigation of protozoan parasites in meat lamb farms in southern western australia.	in this study, 96 faecal samples were collected from pregnant merino ewes, at two broad-acre, commercial sheep farms in southern western australia, on two separate occasions (16 and 2 weeks prior to lambing). following lambing, 111 (farm a) and 124 (farm b) female crossbred lambs (2-6 weeks old), were individually identified using ear tags (a numbered tag and a radio-frequency tag). a total of 1155 faecal samples were collected only from these individually identified lambs on five separate sampl ...	2011	21733584
high-resolution endocardial and epicardial optical mapping in a sheep model of stretch-induced atrial fibrillation.	atrial fibrillation (af) is a complex cardiac arrhythmia with high morbidity and mortality.(1,2) it is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance seen in clinical practice and its prevalence is expected to increase in the coming years.(3) increased intra-atrial pressure and dilatation have been long recognized to lead to af,(1,4) which highlights the relevance of using animal models and stretch to study af dynamics. understanding the mechanisms underlying af requires visualization of t ...	2011	21841762
sequencing technologies and genome sequencing.	the high-throughput - next generation sequencing (ht-ngs) technologies are currently the hottest topic in the field of human and animals genomics researches, which can produce over 100 times more data compared to the most sophisticated capillary sequencers based on the sanger method. with the ongoing developments of high throughput sequencing machines and advancement of modern bioinformatics tools at unprecedented pace, the target goal of sequencing individual genomes of living organism at a cos ...	2011	21698376
highlights from the july 2011 issue of dna and cell biology.		2011	21732794
metabolism of microbial nitrogen in ruminants with special reference to nucleic acids.	characteristically the metabolism of microbial nitrogen (n) compounds in ruminants involves the degradation of dietary n and synthesis of microbial protein (mp), compounds including a small amount of peptides and free amino acids, which may account for 75-85% of total n and the remainder are nucleic acids (na: dna and rna). generally rumen microbes contain 10-25% na-n of the total n while 70-80% is in the form of rna. this paper describes the degradation and synthesis of na in the rumen and thei ...	2011	21729196
finding the niche for human somatic cell nuclear transfer.		2011	21822243
multiple actions of the anthracycline daunorubicin on cardiac ryanodine receptors.	our aim was to examine the molecular basis for acute effects of the anthracycline daunorubicin on cardiac ryanodine receptor (ryr2) channels and cardiac calsequestrin (csq2). cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines preclude their chemotherapeutic use in patients with pre-existing heart conditions. to address this significant problem, the mechanisms of anthracycline toxicity must be defined but at present are poorly understood. ryr2 channel activity was assessed by measuring ca(2+) release from car ...	2011	21697274
mortality in workers employed in pig abattoirs and processing plants.	workers in slaughterhouses and processing plants that handle pigs, and pork butchers/meatcutters have been little studied for health risks associated with employment, in spite of the fact that they are potentially exposed to oncogenic and non-oncogenic transmissible agents and chemical carcinogens at work. we report here on an update of mortality in 510 workers employed in abattoirs and processing plants that almost exclusively handled pigs and pork products.	2011	21724184
histology of sheep temporal bone.	previous studies suggest that there is an excellent correlation between the morphology and dimensions of ear structures in sheep and human beings.	2011	21739000
a two year btv-8 vaccination follow up: molecular diagnostics and assessment of humoral and cellular immune reactions.	the compulsory vaccination campaign against bluetongue virus serotype eight (btv-8) in germany was exercised in the state of bavaria using three commercial monovalent inactivated vaccines given provisional marketing authorisation for emergency use. in eleven bavarian farms representing a cross sectional area of the state the immune reactions of sheep and cattle were followed over a two year period (2008-2009) using celisa, a serum neutralisation test (snt) and interferon gamma (ifn-+¦) elispot. ...	2011	21840139
neonatal exposure to bisphenol a or diethylstilbestrol alters the ovarian follicular dynamics in the lamb.	we hypothesized that neonatal xenoestrogen exposure affects the ovarian follicular dynamics in lambs. female lambs were exposed from postnatal day (pnd) 1-14 to low doses of diethylstilbestrol (des) or bisphenol a (bpa). at pnd 30, the follicular dynamics and ovarian biomarkers (er+¦, er+¦, ar, ki67, p27) were evaluated. lambs exposed to des or bpa showed a decline in the stock of primordial follicles with stimulation of follicular development. bpa reduced ovarian weight and increased the number ...	2011	21722727
ultrasonographic assessment of growth and estimation of-ábirthweight in late gestation fetal sheep.	our aim was to identify which ultrasound parameters can be most accurately measured and best predict ovine fetal weight in late gestation. singleton pregnancies were established using embryo transfer in 32 adolescent ewes, which were subsequently overnourished to produce fetuses of variable size (1720-6260 g). ultrasound measurements at 126-133 days gestation were compared with fetal weight/biometry at late-gestation necropsy (n-á= 19) or term delivery (n-á= 13). abdominal circumference (ac) and ...	2011	21821347
high versus low implant insertion torque: a histologic, histomorphometric, and biomechanical study in the sheep mandible.	purpose: the purpose of this study was to analyze, in an animal model, the histologic and biomechanical phenomena at the bone-implant interface of implants inserted with high torque (ht) as compared to low torque (lt) during the first 6 weeks of healing. materials and methods: forty tapered-screw-form implants were placed in five hybrid sheep. the implant sites were placed in the mandible, using an extraoral approach; four were placed with ht (test: mean 110 ncm) on one side and four were placed ...	2011	21841994
ovine oocytes vitrified at germinal vesicle stage as cytoplast recipients for somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt).	abstract the development of embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt) using vitrified oocytes as cytoplast recipients has been reported in cattle but not in sheep. this study investigated the parthenogenetic development of ovine oocytes vitrified and thawed at the germinal vesicle (gv) stage, matured in vitro, and then activated using two activation protocols. the optimal activation protocol was then used to assess development when vitrified oocytes were used as cytoplast recipien ...	2011	21718110
developmental changes in hypothalamic kiss1 expression during activation of the pulsatile release of luteinising hormone in maturing ewe lambs.	onset of puberty is characterised by a marked increase in the frequency of release of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) and luteinising hormone (lh). the kiss1 gene plays a critical role in pubertal development, and its product, kisspeptin, stimulates gnrh and lh release. in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that kiss1 gene expression in the preoptic area (poa) and hypothalamus increases during maturation of the reproductive neuroendocrine axis in association with increased lh pul ...	2011	21679258
higher levels of heat shock proteins in longer-lived mammals and birds.	cellular stress resistance is generally associated with longevity, but the mechanisms underlying this phenotype are not clear. in invertebrate models there is a clear role for heat shock proteins (hsps) and organelle-specific unfolded protein responses (upr) in longevity. however, this has not been demonstrated in vertebrates. some hsp amino acid sequences are highly conserved amongst mammals and birds. we used antibodies recognizing conserved regions of hsp60 (primarily mitochondrial), hsp70 (p ...	2011	21703294
determination of mrl regulated corticosteroids in liver from various species using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (uhplc).	dexamethasone, betamethasone, prednisolone and methylprednisolone are corticosteroids widely used in animal husbandry. these compounds are licensed for therapy in veterinary practices while their use for growth promoting practices, mainly in combination with other growth promoters, is prohibited within the european union. in order to protect the consumer, maximum residue limits (mrls) have been set by the european community in liver to 2.0 ++g kg(-1) (dexamethasone and betamethasone) and 10.0 ++ ...	2011	21742126
sheep rumen and omasum primary cultures and source epithelia: barrier function aligns with expression of tight junction proteins.	the forestomachs of cows and sheep have historically served as important models for the study of epithelial transport. thus, the ruminal epithelium was among the first tissues in which absorption of chloride against an electrochemical gradient was observed, requiring a tight paracellular barrier to prevent back-leakage. however, little is known about ruminal barrier function, despite the considerable implications for ruminant health. the tight junction proteins of the omasum have never been inve ...	2011	21832130
enhancement of immunohistochemical staining of scrapie proteins and immune cells within lymph nodes of early scrapie-infected sheep.	transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse) are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect animals as well as humans. the oldest of these diseases is scrapie seen in sheep. scrapie is caused by an altered form (prp(sc)), capable of inducing "self-replication" of the normal host prion protein(prp(c)). there is currently no universal standard for antigen retrieval when using immunohistochemistry to simultaneously stain the prp(c) protein and other cellular markers. the use of form ...	2011	21722647
dna methyltransferase 1 and dna methylation patterning contribute to germinal center b-cell differentiation.	the phenotype of germinal center (gc) b-cells includes the unique ability to tolerate rapid proliferation and the mutagenic actions of activation induced cytosine deaminase (aicda). given the importance of epigenetic patterning in determining cellular phenotypes, we examined dna methylation and the role of dna methyltransferases in the formation of gcs. dna methylation profiling revealed a marked shift in dna methylation patterning in gc b-cells versus resting/na+»ve b-cells. this shift included ...	2011	21828137
assessment of vector/host contact: comparison of animal-baited traps and uv-light/suction trap for collecting culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae), vectors of orbiviruses.	abstract:	2011	21707980
a sheep in wolves' clothing? dental radiation exposure and thyroid cancer.		2011	21675657
crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from humans, livestock, and picnic sites in the hyperendemic region of turkey.	abstract during june and july 2007, about 3125 adult ticks were collected from humans, animals, and vegetation in a hyperendemic region (sivas and tokat) of turkey. a total of 2193 ticks were pooled in 225 pools and screened for the crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) presence by antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. infection rates were calculated as the maximum likelihood estimation with 95% confidence intervals (ci). the dominant tick species was found to be hyalomma ma ...	2011	21736490
dynamic tracheal occlusion improves lung morphometrics and function in the fetal lamb model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.	congenital diaphragmatic hernia (cdh) is associated with significant neonatal morbidity and mortality. although prenatal complete tracheal occlusion (cto) causes hypoplastic cdh lungs to enlarge, improved lung function has not been demonstrated. furthermore, cto interferes with the dynamic pressure change and fluid flow associated with fetal breathing.	2011	21683214
simulating the grazing of a white clover 3-d virtual sward canopy and the balance between bite mass and light capture by the residual sward.	background and aims the productivity and stability of grazed grassland rely on dynamic interactions between the sward and the animal. the descriptions of the sward canopies by standard 2-d representations in studies of animal-sward interactions at the bite scale need to be improved to account for the effect of local canopy heterogeneity on bite size and regrowth ability. the aim of this study was to assess a methodology of 3-d digitized canopies in order to understand the balance between bite ma ...	2011	21821625
identification, analysis, and linkage mapping of expressed sequence tags from the australian sheep blowfly.	abstract: background: the australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina (wiedemann) (diptera: calliphoridae) is a destructive pest of the sheep, a model organism for insecticide resistance research, and a valuable tool for medical and forensic professionals. however, genomic information on l. cuprina is still sparse. results: we report here the construction of an embryonic and 2 larval cdna libraries for l. cuprina. a total of 29,816 expressed sequence tags (ests) were obtained and assembled into 7,4 ...	2011	21827708
infection of non-host species dendritic cells in vitro with an attenuated myxoma virus induces gene expression predicting efficacy as a vaccine vector.	recombinant myxoma virus (myxv) can be produced without a loss of infectivity and their highly-specific host range makes them ideal candidates as vaccine vectors, although careful examination of their interactions with the immune system is necessary. similar to rabbit bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, ovine dendritic cells (dcs) can be infected by sg33, a myxv vaccine strain, and support recombinant antigen expression. the frequency of infected cells in the non-host was lower and the virus cy ...	2011	21835800
immunohistological study of wound healing after submucosal radiofrequency tissue ablation of inferior nasal turbinate in a sheep model.	data on the molecular processes involved in nasal mucosa wound healing after radiofrequency tissue ablation (rta) of the inferior nasal turbinate (int) are missing. this study was designed to examine tissue expression of fibronectin, collagen iii, cd68, and matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) 9 in the int (ventral) after rta in sheep.	2011	21679519
mapping quantitative trait loci (qtl) in sheep. iv. analysis of lactation persistency and extended lactation traits in sheep.	abstract:	2011	21693024
livestock ectoparasites: integrated management in a changing climate.	the prevalence of livestock ectoparasites is the result of a complex interaction of factors such as parasite and host abundance, host susceptibility, climate and, critically, farmer husbandry and intervention strategies, all of which change seasonally in space and time. given the complexity of the interacting factors, the effects of any climate change on disease incidence are hard to predict, as accordingly are the optimal husbandry responses required to ameliorate any effects. here cutaneous my ...	2011	21680100
respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with an altered innate immunity and a heightened pro-inflammatory response in the lungs of preterm lambs.	abstract:	2011	21827668
naturally resident and exogenously applied t4-like and t5-like bacteriophages can reduce escherichia coli o157:h7 levels in sheep guts.	in preparing sheep for an in vivo escherichia coli o157:h7 eradication trial, we found that 20/39 members of a single flock were naturally colonized by o157:h7-infecting phages. characterization showed these were all one phage type (subsequently named cev2) infecting 15/16 o157:h7, 7/72 ecor and common lab strains. further characterization by pfge (genomeôê+120 kb), restriction enzyme digest (dna appears unmodified), receptor studies (fhua but not tonb is required for infection) and sequencing ( ...	2011	21687531
polychlorodibenzodioxin and -furan (pcdd and pcdf) and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyl (dl-pcb) congener levels in milk of grazing sheep as indicators of the environmental quality of rural areas.	an observational study was set up to evaluate how the quality of the environment may influence the levels of of pcdds, pcdfs, and dl-pcbs in sheep's milk. seven farms under natural and anthropogenic pressures were considered, along with an inventory of the surrounding regular and natural sources of emissions. analysis by hrgc-hrms revealed the highest cumulative levels (2.1 pg of who(1998)-te/g fat) in one organic and one conventional farm, each close to a relevant bushfire. their pattern was ch ...	2011	21699241
tetralogy of fallot in a three-month-old lamb: clinical, ultrasonographic and laboratory findings.		2011	21709045
analysis of nucleic acid chaperoning by the prion protein and its inhibition by oligonucleotides.	prion diseases are unique neurodegenerative illnesses associated with the conversion of the cellular prion protein (prp(c)) into the aggregated misfolded scrapie isoform, named prp(sc). recent studies on the physiological role of prp(c) revealed that this protein has probably multiple functions, notably in cell-cell adhesion and signal transduction, and in assisting nucleic acid folding. in fact, in vitro findings indicated that the human prp (huprp) possesses nucleic acid binding and annealing ...	2011	21737432
transcriptional profiling of peripheral lymphoid tissue reveals genes and networks linked to ssbp/1 scrapie pathology in sheep.	transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) are slow and progressive neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals. the major target organ for all tses is the brain but some tse agents are associated with prior accumulation within the peripheral lymphoid system. many studies have examined the effects of scrapie infection on the expression of central nervous system (cns) genes, but this study examines the progression of scrapie pathology in the peripheral lymphoid system and how scrapie i ...	2011	21684093
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, tryptophan catabolism, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a model for chronic mycobacterial infections.	virulent mycobacterial infections progress slowly, with a latent period that leads to clinical disease in a proportion of cases. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that causes paratuberculosis or johne's disease (jd), a chronic intestinal disease of ruminants. indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido), an enzyme that regulates tryptophan metabolism, was originally reported to have a role in intracellular pathogen killing and has since been shown to have an important ...	2011	21730087
differentiating pestes des petits ruminants and rinderpest viruses by a novel monoclonal antibody.	peste des petits ruminant (ppr) is an acute, febrile, viral disease of small ruminants with great economic importance. ppr and rinderpest (rp) viruses are antigenically related and need to be differentiated serologically. the use of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in elisa for specific diagnostics and separation of ppr and rpv is important. for this purpose, six balb/c mice were immunized with inactivated antigen from the nijeria strain. fusion cloning was performed 3 months later by directly using ...	2011	21707365
tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium caprae in sheep.	tuberculosis was diagnosed in three flocks of sheep in galicia, spain, in 2009 and 2010. two flocks were infected with mycobacterium bovis and one flock was infected with mycobacterium caprae. infection was confirmed by the comparative intradermal tuberculin test, bacteriology, molecular analysis and histopathology. sheep have the potential to act as a reservoir for tuberculosis.	2011	21703887
spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks in cyprus.	in two surveys conducted from march 1999 to march 2001 and from january 2004 to december 2006, a total of 3,950 ticks (belonging to ten different species) were collected from seven domestic and wild animals (goat, sheep, cattle, dog, fox, hare, and mouflon) from different localities throughout cyprus. in order to establish their infection rate with spotted fever rickettsiae (sfg), ticks were pooled and tested by polymerase chain reaction targeting glta and ompa genes, followed by sequencing anal ...	2011	21833539
anthelmintic activity of cymbopogon martinii, cymbopogon schoenanthus and mentha piperita essential oils evaluated in four different in vitro tests.	anthelmintic resistance is a worldwide concern in small ruminant industry and new plant-derived compounds are being studied for their potential use against gastrointestinal nematodes. mentha piperita, cymbopogon martinii and cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oils were evaluated against developmental stages of trichostrongylids from sheep naturally infected (95% haemonchus contortus and 5% trichostrogylus spp.) through the egg hatch assay (eha), larval development assay (lda), larval feeding inhi ...	2011	21820807
detection of benzimidazole carbamates and amino metabolites in liver by surface plasmon resonance-biosensor.	two surface plasmon resonance (spr) biosensor screening assays were developed and validated to detect 11 benzimidazole carbamate (bzt) and four amino-benzimidazole veterinary drug residues in liver tissue. the assays used polyclonal antibodies, raised in sheep, to detect bzts and amino-benzimidazoles. a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (quechers) extraction method was developed to isolate benzimidazole carbamate residues. liver samples were extracted using an acetonitrile ...	2011	21742115
expression of gap junctional connexin proteins in ovine fetal ovaries: effects of maternal diet.	gap junctions have been implicated in the regulation of cellular metabolism and the coordination of cellular functions during growth and differentiation of organs and tissues, and gap junctions play a major role in direct cell-cell communication. gap junctional channels and connexin (cx) proteins have been detected in adult ovaries in several species. furthermore, it has been shown that several environmental factors, including maternal diet, may affect fetal organ growth and function. to determi ...	2011	21820266
an abattoir-based study on the prevalence of hydatidosis in livestock in mashhad, iran.	a 6-year (2004-2010) retrospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hydatidosis in livestock slaughtered in mashhad abattoir, mashhad, in north-eastern iran and the capital of khorasan province. between 20 march 2004 and 19 march 2010, 5,131,485 animals (411,163 cattle; 4,547,618 sheep; 172,704 goats) were slaughtered in the study area and 388,399 (7.5%) livers and 1,139,529 (22.2%) lungs were discarded. hydatidosis was responsible for 4% and 6.5% of total livers and lungs in ...	2011	21729380
lethal genetic disorder in poll merino/merino sheep in australia.	characterise a lethal genetic disorder in poll merino/merino sheep	2011	21696373
visualizing the neutrophil response to sterile tissue injury in mouse dermis reveals a three-phase cascade of events.	neutrophil granulocytes traffic into sites of organ injury in which they may not only participate in tissue repair and pathogen clearance but may also contribute to collateral cell damage through the release of noxious mediators. the dynamics and mechanisms of neutrophil migration in the extravascular space toward loci of tissue damage are not well understood. here, we have used intravital multi-photon microscopy to dissect the behavior of neutrophils in response to tissue injury in the dermis o ...	2011	21697893
[determination of nequinate and buquinolate in livestock products using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].	we studied the simultaneous determination of nequinate and buquinolate, which are used as feed additives to prevent coccidiosis, by means of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). the sample was extracted with acetonitrile, then loaded onto an hlb mini-column with 20% methanol. after clean-up with 20% methanol, the analytes were eluted with acetonitrile-methanol (1 : 1). the coccidiostats in the purified samples were determined using esi-mrm mode lc-ms/ms with a ...	2011	21720123
transverse (t-) tubules are a common feature in large mammalian atrial myocytes including human.	transverse (t-) tubules are surface membrane invaginations which are present in all mammalian cardiac ventricular cells. the apposition of l-type ca(2+) channels on t-tubules with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) constitutes a "calcium release unit" and allows close coupling of excitation to the rise in systolic ca(2+). t-tubules are virtually absent in the atria of small mammals and therefore ca(2+) release from the sr occurs initially at the periphery of the cell and then propagates into the in ...	2011	21841013
an animal model for endoscopic endonasal surgery and dacryocystorhinostomy training: uses and limitations of the lamb's head.	structured training in endoscopic sinus surgery is essential, considering the serious potential complications. we have developed a detailed endoscopic endonasal surgery training programme, using a lamb's head model. this study aimed to assess the possibilities of using such a model for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy training.	2011	21693073
dose-dependent systemic exposure of albendazole metabolites in lambs.	alvarez, l., su+írez, g., ceballos, l., moreno, l., lanusse, c. dose-dependent systemic exposure of albendazole metabolites in lambs. j. vet. pharmacol. therap. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01326.x. the gastrointestinal absorption of most drugs follows a first-order kinetics, whereby a constant fraction of the total drug is absorbed in each equal time interval. although this related absorption principle is applicable to the most of the therapeutically used drugs, it remains unclear for poorly w ...	2011	21819410
maturational changes and effects of chronic hypoxemia on electrocortical activity in the ovine fetus.	we have studied the maturation of electrocortical (ecog) activity in fetal sheep and the impact of chronic hypoxemia using a growth restriction model with placental embolizations. twenty chronically catheterized fetal sheep (control, n=9; hypoxemic, n=11) were monitored at 116-119, 121-126 and 128-134 days gestational age (term=145 days), with ecog activity scored using automated analysis of amplitude and frequency components to distinguish low-voltage/high frequency (lv/hf) and high-voltage/low ...	2011	21683944
animal models for translational research on shoulder pathologies: from bench to bedside.	several animal models have been used for in vivo and in vitro shoulder research. in vitro models, consisting of cadaveric specimens, are useful in providing basic understanding of the functioning of the shoulder and for biomechanical experiments. in vivo models provide the means to model living phenomena, such as tendon healing process, tendinopathy, instability, and adaptive responses to surgery. however, intrinsic differences among different species make translation to human shoulder pathologi ...	2011	21822100
populations of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen of sheep and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions.	the objective of this study was to assess the importance of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen by quantifying their populations and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions. full-length 16s rrna gene (rrs) sequences were recovered from rumen samples using specific primers designed from partial sequences recovered previously. five uncultured bacterial operational taxonomic units (otus) were quantified using specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) in fractionated ruminal samples from s ...	2011	21822435
transgenic mammalian species, generated by somatic cell cloning, in biomedicine, biopharmaceutical industry and human nutrition/dietetics--recent achievements.	somatic cell cloning technology in mammals promotes the multiplication of productively-valuable genetically engineered individuals, and consequently allows also for standardization of transgenic farm animal-derived products, which, in the context of market requirements, will have growing significance. gene farming is one of the most promising areas in modern biotechnology. the use of live bioreactors for the expression of human genes in the lactating mammary gland of transgenic animals seems to ...	2011	21721422
polymorphisms of kiss-1 and gpr54 genes and their relationships with litter size in sheep.	the kiss-1 and gpr54 genes were studied as candidate genes for the prolificacy in sheep. four pairs of primers were designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon 1 of kiss-1 gene and exon 1, exon 2 and partial exon 5 of gpr54 gene in high fecundity breeds (small tail han and hu sheep) and low fecundity breeds (dorset, texel and corriedale sheep) by pcr-sscp. polymorphisms in exon 1 of kiss-1 gene were detected in prolific small tail han sheep (aa, ab and bb genotypes) and hu sheep ( ...	2011	21698365
histological and transcriptome-wide level characteristics of fetal myofiber hyperplasia during the second half of gestation in texel and ujumqin sheep.	whether myofibers increase with a pulsed-wave mode at particular developmental stages or whether they augment evenly across developmental stages in large mammals is unclear. additionally, the molecular mechanisms of myostatin in myofiber hyperplasia at the fetal stage in sheep remain unknown. using the first specialized transcriptome-wide sheep oligo dna microarray and histological methods, we investigated the gene expression profile and histological characteristics of developing fetal ovine lon ...	2011	21838923
prevalence of coxiella burnetii in ticks after a large outbreak of q fever.	q fever has emerged as an important human and veterinary public health problem in the netherlands with major outbreaks in three consecutive years. goat farms are probably the prime source from which coxiella burnetii have spread throughout the environment, infecting people living in the vicinity. coxiella burnetii infection not only spilled over from animal husbandry to humans but could also have spread to neighbouring wildlife and pets forming novel reservoirs and consequently posing another an ...	2011	21824373
rsai repetitive dna in buffalo bubalus bubalis representing retrotransposons, conserved in bovids, are part of the functional genes.	abstract:	2011	21718551
efficacy of a combined oral formulation of derquantel-abamectin against the adult and larval stages of nematodes in sheep, including anthelmintic-resistant strains.	derquantel (dql), a semi-synthetic member of a novel anthelmintic class, the spiroindoles, in combination with abamectin (aba) [as the combination product startect(-«)] is a new entry for the treatment and control of parasites in sheep. the 19 studies reported herein were conducted in australia, new zealand, south africa and the united kingdom to demonstrate the efficacy of derquantel-abamectin (dql-aba) against a broad spectrum of gastrointestinal and respiratory nematodes of sheep, and to supp ...	2011	21684691
physiological responses of australian merino wethers exposed to high heat load.	twelve 9-mo-old merino wethers (30.4 -¦ 3.2 kg bw) were used in a crossover study to investigate the heat tolerance of australian merino sheep by testing their physiological responses to repeated heat loads that occurred during summer months. wethers were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 wethers each, housed individually in an environmental chamber, and subjected to 2 d of thermoneutral conditions followed by either 7 d of thermoneutral (tnc; [maximum temperature, t(max) 24-¦c, minimum temper ...	2011	21841087
spherical harmonics coefficients for ligand-based virtual screening of cyclooxygenase inhibitors.	molecular descriptors are essential for many applications in computational chemistry, such as ligand-based similarity searching. spherical harmonics have previously been suggested as comprehensive descriptors of molecular structure and properties. we investigate a spherical harmonics descriptor for shape-based virtual screening.	2011	21818259
polymer-mediated immunocamouflage of red blood cells: effects of polymer size on antigenic and immunogenic recognition of allogeneic donor blood cells.	developing a practical means of reducing alloimmunization in chronically transfused patients would be of significant clinical benefit. immunocamouflaging red blood cells (rbcs) by membrane grafting of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mpeg) may reduce the risk of allo-immunization. the results of this study showed that antibody recognition of non-abo antigens was significantly reduced in an mpeg-dose- and polymer size-dependent manner, with higher molecular weight mpegs providing better immunoprotec ...	2011	21701803
nasal myiasis by oestrus ovis second stage larva in an immunocompetent man: case report and literature review.	we report a case of an oestrus ovis larva which developed into the second larval stage within a healthy, immunocompetent human, and we review the relevant literature.	2011	21693078
acinetobacter sp. hm746599 isolated from leatherback turtle blood.	a newly described bacterial isolate, acinetobacter sp. hm746599, has been obtained from leatherback sea turtle hatchling blood. the implication is that the hatchling was infected during development in the egg, which is substantiated by other studies to be reported by us in the future. the 16s rrna gene sequence of the bacterium (genbank accession number: hm746599) showed the greatest similarity to the identified species, acinetobacter beijerinckii (97.6-99.78%) and acinetobacter venetianus (99.7 ...	2011	21707734
rapid diagnostic test for identifying group b streptococcus.	neonatal infection with streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]) causes significant morbidity and mortality. a truly rapid diagnostic test for identifying gbs would allow for more timely initiation of antibiotic prophylaxis and also reduce the administration of antibiotics for the prevention of early onset neonatal gbs infection. a stock culture was formed from a laboratory reference strain of gbs and was diluted from 10 (7) to 10 (1) bacteria/ml. specific concentrations were used ...	2011	21818731
glutamate-gated chloride channels of haemonchus contortus restore drug sensitivity to ivermectin resistant caenorhabditis elegans.	anthelmintic resistance is a major problem in livestock farming, especially of small ruminants, but our understanding of it has been limited by the difficulty in carrying out functional genetic studies on parasitic nematodes. an important nematode infecting sheep and goats is haemonchus contortus; in many parts of the world this species is resistant to almost all the currently available drugs, including ivermectin. it is extremely polymorphic and to date it has proved impossible to relate any se ...	2011	21818319
[q fever in petting zoos].		2011	21702192
acute and chronic stress-like levels of cortisol inhibit the oestradiol stimulus to induce sexual receptivity but have no effect on sexual attractivity or proceptivity in female sheep.	stress-like levels of cortisol inhibit sexual receptivity in ewes but the mechanism of this action is not understood. one possibility is that cortisol interferes with the actions of oestradiol to induce sexual receptivity. we tested this hypothesis in 2 experiments with ovariectomised ewes that were artificially induced into oestrus by 12days of i.m. injections of progesterone followed by an i.m. injection of oestradiol benzoate (odb) 48h later. in experiment 1, ewes were randomly allocated to t ...	2011	21741382
fatty acid profile of hair lambs and their crossbreds slaughtered at different weights.	this study aims to investigate the effect of breed and slaughter weight on fatty the acid profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle in lambs. twenty-four santa in+¬s (si), 24.5 ile de franceôçë+ùôçë0.5 santa in+¬s (ile +ù si) and 12.5 texelôçë+ùôçë0.5 santa in+¬s (te +ù si), slaughtered at different weights (30, 35, 40, and 45-ákg), were evaluated. the animals were reared with creep feeding to weaning and were feedlot finished, receiving a diet composed of 30% hay and 70% concentrate. the analyses ...	2011	21732068
rapamycin-based inducible translocation systems for studying phagocytosis.	phagocytosis is an immune receptor-mediated process whereby cells engulf large particles. the process is dynamic and requires several localized factors acting in concert with and sequentially after the engagement of immune receptors to envelope the particle. once the particle is internalized, the nascent -phagosome undergoes a series of events leading to its maturation to the microbicidal phagolysosome. investigating these dynamic and temporally controlled series of events in live cells requires ...	2011	21701975
prospects of control and eradication of capripox from the indian subcontinent: a perspective.	sheeppox and goatpox, two endemic capripox infections in india, pose a significant economic threat to small ruminant productivity in the subcontinent. vaccination of all susceptible sheep and goats is the feasible and sustainable means of control. availability of effective live attenuated vaccines that are inherently thermostable and development of improved diagnostics provide the opportunities to initiate effective control measures for capripox. all animals older than 4months can be vaccinated ...	2011	21699920
seroprevalence and risk factors associated with neosporosis in sheep and dogs from farms.	this study aimed to establish the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with neosporosis in sheep and dogs from rural properties. 1497 blood samples were collected from sheep and 42 from dogs that cohabited with sheep from 16 farms located in the central region of s+úo paulo state, brazil. for the detection of n. caninum antibodies it was performed the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifatôëñ25). for the epidemiological study it was applied a questionnaire for the owners or responsible f ...	2011	21676548