Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| enteric coronavirus infection in a juvenile dromedary (camelus dromedarius). | a case of an enteric coronavirus infection in a 6-week-old dromedary calf is described. the animal had diarrhea for 5 days and died despite symptomatic treatment. numerous viral particles, approximately 140 nm in diameter, with club-like projections were detected in the feces by electron microscopy. these characteristics were consistent with a coronavirus. immunohistochemical reactivity with 2 antigenic group ii coronavirus-specific antibodies confirmed the presence of viral antigen in colonic e ... | 2002 | 12296403 |
| isolation and characterization of eight microsatellite markers in camelus dromedarius and cross-species amplification in c. bactrianus and lama pacos. | 2002 | 12354152 | |
| serodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in naturally infected camels. | an elisa was developed for serological detection of echinococcus granulosus infection in dromedary camels. antigen b (agb) partially purified from hydatid cyst fluid of camels or sheep naturally infected with cystic echinococcosis (ce) due to e. granulosus, as well as a recombinant antigen b product (r-agb) were used in an elisa to screen panels of serum samples from slaughtered camels naturally infected with ce. native hydatid cyst fluid antigen preparations were able to detect antibodies in se ... | 2002 | 12358421 |
| purification and characterization of adenosine deaminase from camel skeletal muscle. | adenosine deaminase was purified (780-fold) from skeletal muscle of camel (camelus dormedarius) to homogeneity level by using deae sephadex chromatography, ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. the enzyme appeared to be monomeric with subunit molecular weight of 43kda and isoelectric point of 4.85. the enzyme showed specificity for adenosine and exhibited michaelis-menten kinetics with kappa(cat) of 1112.41 min(-1) and k(m) of 14.7 microm at ph 7.5. the ... | 2002 | 12379282 |
| use of a new computerized system for evaluation of spermatozoal motility and velocity characteristics in relation to fertility levels in dromedary bulls. | three ejaculates from each of 14 dromedary bulls were collected at 7-day intervals and diluted to 50 x 10 (6) spermatozoa per ml with sodium citrate (2.9%) seminal extender. spermatozoal concentrations, motility percentages and velocity measures were evaluated by a new computerized cell motion analyzer (cma, medical technologies montreux sa, switzerland) for assessing fertility rates in such animals. greatest variability in concentrations and motility percentages was generally attributed to anim ... | 2002 | 12379370 |
| molecular and morphological characterization of echinococcus granulosus of human and animal origin in iran. | iran is an important endemic focus of cystic hydatid disease (chd) where several species of intermediate host are commonly infected with echinococcus granulosus. isolates of e. granulosus were collected from humans and other animals from different geographical areas of iran and characterized using both dna (pcr-rflp of its1) and morphological criteria (metacestode rostellar hook dimensions). the sheep and camel strains/genotypes were shown to occur in iran. the sheep strain was shown to be the m ... | 2002 | 12403325 |
| the arterial supply to the eye of the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus). | the arterial supply to the eye of the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) was studied by gross dissection. the supply came from the external ophthalmic, external ethmoidal and malar and maxillary tubercular arteries, ophthalmic rete mirabile, and the rostral epidural rete mirabile. the external ophthalmic artery gave rise to branches to supply the dorsal oblique muscle, lacrimal gland, superior and inferior eyelids, and the lateral angle of the eye, and to take part in the formation of the rostr ... | 2002 | 12416864 |
| the concentrations of lh, fsh, oestradiol-17beta and progesterone in the blood plasma of the female bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) before and after intramuscular injection of seminal plasma. | the concentrations of lh, fsh, oestradiol-17beta and progesterone in the blood plasma of the female bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) before and after intramuscular injection of seminal plasma. | 2002 | 12416872 |
| stable social aggregations in an australian lizard, egernia stokesii. | social groups in many animal species contain family members, and are maintained by parental care, and then tolerance of related individuals in the group. lizards rarely show prolonged parental care, and rarely form stable social aggregations, although cohesive groups have been reported in the australian skink genus, egernia. a population of egernia stokesii was surveyed for six seasons on camel hill, south australia. at this site individuals occupied rock crevices for refuges on an isolated rock ... | 2002 | 12435097 |
| isospora excretion in scouring camel calves (camelus dromedarius). | 2002 | 12448495 | |
| entropion, corneal ulcer and corneal haemorrhages in a one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | an unusual case of entropion, corneal ulcer and corneal haemorrhages in a one-humped camel (camelus dromedaries) is described. the most prominent clinical findings were entropion of both eyelids, severe blephrospasm, epiphora, conjunctivitis, conjunctival oedema, mucopurulent conjunctival discharges, hyperaemia, lacrimation and photophobia. corneal ulcers and corneal haemorrhages were also observed. | 2002 | 12449252 |
| vitamin c concentrations in blood plasma, tissues and urine of camels (camelus dromedarius) in sudanese herds. | there is suggestive evidence that a low status of ascorbic acid in ruminants is related with decreased disease resistance. in a first attempt to identify conditions in camels that could affect their health, an inventory was made of ascorbic acid (vitamin c) concentrations in plasma and tissues as related to breed, gender, sexual activity and season. a total of 3429 camels were studied and sub-samples were used for selected comparisons. the highest concentrations of ascorbic acid were found in ad ... | 2002 | 12452976 |
| density of corneal endothelial cells, corneal thickness, and corneal diameters in normal eyes of llamas and alpacas. | to determine density of corneal endothelial cells, corneal thickness, and corneal diameters in normal eyes of llamas and alpacas. | 2002 | 11911565 |
| camelid immunoglobulins and their importance for the new-born--a review. | camelid immunoglobulins differ from all other known antibodies and contradict all common theories on antibody diversity. it was demonstrated that up to 75% of all serum proteins are immunoglobulin g (igg) molecules lacking light chains. igg2 and igg3, which only consist of heavy chains, have a low molecular weight which improves their biodistribution and allows a better tissue penetration. of special importance is the long complementary determining region (cdr) loop which inserts deep into the a ... | 2001 | 11708675 |
| bionomics of ticks collected from sinai peninsula: 2- abundance, attachment sites, and density estimators of ticks infesting arabian camels. | ten camels were examined monthly from january to december 1999, in beer lehfen north sinai gavernorate. a total of 5468 adult ticks of 6 species and subspecies of genus hyalomma; h. dromedrii, h. ipmeltatum, h. a. excavatum, h. a. anatolicum, h. schulzei, and h. marginatum rufipes, in addition to 115 hyalomma nymphs' species were collected. of these, the first 4 types represented about 96.2% of the total collection. the infestation rate was higher during the period from march to november. the av ... | 2001 | 11478447 |
| incorporation of long cdr3s into v domains: implications for the structural evolution of the antibody-combining site. | available data suggest that 'primitive' antibody-combining sites often include longer than average hcdr3s. long hcdr3 sequences have been reported in diverse vertebrates, including humans, cattle, camels and sharks. these long hcdr3 segments contain unusual sequence features such as stretches of gly or pro residues and multiple cys residues. we examined how longer than average hcdr3s were accommodated in the v domains of human, murine and camel antibodies with known three-dimensional structures. ... | 2001 | 11872949 |
| isolation and properties of two forms of thrombin inhibitor from the nymphs of the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii (acari: ixodidae). | two forms of the nymphal thrombin inhibitors (nti) 3.2 kda and 14.9 kda were purified by chromatography on cm-cellulose. sephacryl s-300 and sephadex g-50 columns and designated nti- 1 and nti-2 respectively. the nti-2 turned out to be homogenous monomeric protein in both native-page and denatured sds-page with m(r) value of 14.9 kda approximately and its pi value ranged from 7.2 to 7.5. the nti-1 and nti-2 displayed anticoagulant activity since they prolonged both the activated partial thrombop ... | 2001 | 12171275 |
| assisted reproductive techniques for hybridization of camelids. | the camelid family comprises the old world camelids (or dromedary and bactrian camels) and the new world camelids (namely the llamas, alpacas, guanacos and vicunas). although the species within each group can hybridize among themselves to produce fertile offspring, it is only recently that a hybrid between new and old world camelids has been reported. to create this hybrid, semen was collected from male camels by artificial vagina (av) and inseminated into female guanacos (n = 9) and llamas (n = ... | 2001 | 11999316 |
| comparative pharmacokinetics of theophylline in camels (camelus dromedarius) and goats (caprus hircus). | a comparative randomized crossover study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in male and female camels (camelus dromedarius) and goats (caprus hircus). theophylline is an established 'probe drug' to evaluate the drug metabolizing enzyme activity of animals. it was administered by the intravenous (i.v.) route and then intramuscularly (i.m.) at a dose of 2 mg/kg. the concentration of the drug in plasma was measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) t ... | 2001 | 11848250 |
| the retinal ganglion cell layer and visual acuity of the camel. | we examined the retinal ganglion cell layer of the dromedary camel, camelus dromedarius. we have estimated that there are 8 million neurons in the ganglion cell layer of this large retina (mean area of 2,300 mm(-2)). however, only approximately 1 million are considered to be ganglion cells. the ganglion cells are arranged as two areas of high cell density, one in the temporal and one in the nasal retina. densities of ganglion cells between these two high density regions is much lower, often less ... | 2001 | 11799275 |
| immunohistochemical demonstration of leu-7 (hnk-1), neurone-specific enolase (nse) and protein-gene peptide (pgp) 9.5 in the developing camel (camelus dromedarius) heart. | the development of the heart-conducting system has been controversially discussed. the common opinion that these specialized myocytes originate from mesodermal precursors has been challenged when nerve-specific antigens (leu-7, nf, gin2) were demonstrated in embryonic hearts of various species, suggesting a neural crest contribution to the embryonic conducting tissue. anti-leu-7 (hnk-1) antibodies were reported to reliably mark the conducting system in developing rat, chicken and human hearts. t ... | 2001 | 11820399 |
| prolapse of the soft palate in a male arabian camel (camelus dromidarius). | 2001 | 11764330 | |
| trans- and cis-octadecenoic acid isomers in the hump and milk lipids from camelus dromedarius. | the distribution profiles of individual trans- as well as cis-18:1 isomers from the fat prepared from the hump adipose tissue and the milk from camelus dromedarius (the single-humped arabian species) are described. gas-liquid chromatography on two capillary columns with different polarities and lengths were used for this purpose in combination with argentation thin-layer chromatography. a comparison of the profiles established is made with that of true ruminant fats. in the fats from the dromeda ... | 2001 | 11768163 |
| studies on cephalopina titillator, the cause of 'sengale' in camels (camelus dromedarius) in semi-arid areas of somali state, ethiopia. | the overall prevalence rate of cephalopina titillator in 778 slaughtered camels was 71.7%, 55% in males and 85% in females. the mean larval counts in infested camels were 26.7 +/- 25.9 and 34.6 +/- 30.8, for males and females, respectively. there were highly significant differences (p < 0.001) in the number of larvae in camels of different ages and sexes and also between the wet and dry seasons. the average time to pupate was 4.9 +/- 4.6 minutes, and the pupation period was 21 +/- 2.4 days. the ... | 2001 | 11770203 |
| efficacy of flumethrin and coumaphos against the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii l. (acari: ixodidae). | the efficacy of flumethrin pour on and coumaphos 50% wp was tested against different stages of hyalomma dromedarii. with contact method, lc50 values for larvae and adults were 0.04, 0.03 ug/cm2 and 0.05, 1.06 ug/cm2 respectively. the lc50 for coumaphos against the larvae, adults and eggs using dipping method were 44, 63, and 62 ppm respectively. flumethrin caused significant reduction in oviposition and hatchability in female ticks that survived sublethal concentrations, while sublethal doses of ... | 2001 | 11775105 |
| study on the effect of bacillus thuringiensis (b.t. serotype h-14) and its toxins against cephalopina titillator (clark), the egyptian camel myiasis producing dipterous fly. | bacillus t. israelensis (b.t. serotype h-14) and its toxins have a marked lethal effect on both the eggs and the newly moulted 3rd stage larvae of cephalopina titillator. the bacillus was less effective than bacillus and its toxins on both the eggs and larvae. on the other hand, the larvae were more affected by both bacillus and bacillus and its toxins than the eggs. prolonged exposure time showed more lethal effect. | 2001 | 11775107 |
| contrast-enhanced power doppler us in the diagnosis of renal pseudotumors. | the term "pseudotumor" is used to refer to several anatomic variants that can simulate a renal mass, the most frequent of which are hypertrophied column of bertin, persistence of fetal lobation, and the dromedary or splenic hump. we describe the findings of power doppler us after the ultrasound contrast agent (levovist, schering, berlin, germany) administration in 4 patients with a renal focal lesion in whom gray-scale and baseline power doppler us was not able to certainly differentiate pseudot ... | 2001 | 11734947 |
| the desert ship heritage and science. | the camel's contribution to desert life dwindles as modern transport offers alternatives for crossing the desert. yet recent insights into the camel's immune system have shown that this animal may still play an important role in the future of mankind. the camel has unique antibodies that could be very important in biotechnological applications and medicine. | 2001 | 11740078 |
| hydatidosis: dynamics of transmission. | hydatidosis is a widespread zoonosis infecting a large number of animals and humans. echinococcus granulosus has the smallest taenia adult of the cestodes but with the largest larva. its morphologic and biologic features were identified with dna analysis. different strains were separated according to the intermediate hosts: sheep, cattle, pigs, horses, camels. definitive host are canids, mostly dogs, where the worm grows to adulthood in several months. the eggs are scattered in the pasture by wi ... | 2001 | 11213154 |
| preliminary observations on the concentrations of serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone during gestation in bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus). | the concentrations of luteinizing hormone (lh) and follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) in the serum of the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) throughout pregnancy were analysed by radioimmunoassay. the samples were withdrawn at intervals of half a month. the serum lh concentrations varied significantly between 2.2+/-0.9 and 20.3+/-18.8 ng/ml during the pregnancy, with the highest value on the day of artificial insemination, which indicated that a preovulatory lh peak appeared. thereafter, the lh ... | 2001 | 11243657 |
| hydrophobicity of the nadph binding domain of camel lens zeta-crystallin. | interaction of camel lens zeta-crystallin with the hydrophobic probe 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ans) enhanced the ans fluorescence and quenched the protein fluorescence. both of these events were concentration-dependent and showed typical saturation curves suggesting specific ans-zeta-crystallin binding. quantitative analysis indicated that 1 mole zeta-crystallin bound at most 1 mole ans. nadph but not 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (pq) was able to displace zeta-crystallin-bound ans. these ... | 2001 | 11257509 |
| immunohistochemical study of the distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the camel (camelus bactrianus). | the regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the camel, camelus bactrianus, were investigated using immunohistochemical methods. ten types of immunoreactive (ir) endocrine cells were identified in this study. among these cell types, only serotonin- and somatostatin-ir cells were detected in almost all regions of the gastrointestinal tract. most of the cell types showed peak density in the pyloric gland region. the others showed restricted d ... | 2001 | 11262631 |
| prevalence, species differentiation, haemolytic activity, and antibiotic susceptibility of aeromonads in untreated well water. | the use of untreated water for drinking and other activities have been associated with intestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans due to aeromonas species. in the present study aeromonads were isolated from 48.7% of 1,000 water samples obtained from wells and other miscellaneous sources. aeromonas species were detected in 45% of samples tested in spring, 34.5% in summer, 48% in autumn and 60% of samples tested in winter. speciation of 382 strains resulted in 225 (59%) being a. hydrophil ... | 2001 | 11285492 |
| studies on the supply of immunoglobulin g to newborn camel calves (camelus dromedarius). | a major problem in camel productivity is the high mortality rate of camel calves in the first 3 months. the causes for mortality are mainly poor management practice and infectious diseases. the purpose of this research, carried out on a ranch in kenya, was to determine the immunoglobulin g (igg) concentration in camel colostrum as well as the extent of the calves' passive immunization by maternal antibodies. igg concentration in colostrum and in the serum of the calf were measured during the fir ... | 2001 | 11289259 |
| reproductive parameters of male dromedary and bactrian camels. | functional anatomy of male reproductive organs and reproductive physiology of dromedary and bactrian camels are quite similar except for some differences in the seasonal pattern of reproductive events: left testes bigger than right; scrotum not pendulous; vas deferens very convoluted with 2 mm diameter; prostate divided into 2 parts by septum, with many ducts; bulbourethral (cowper's) glands well developed and seminal vesicle absent; fibroelastic penis has "prescrotal" sigmoid flexure and the gl ... | 2001 | 11297071 |
| characterization of a sine species from vicuna and its distribution in animal species including the family camelidae. | twenty-six sequences of a short interspersed repetitive element (sine) with a size of approximately 150 base pairs (bp) were isolated from the genomic dna of vicugna vicugna (vicuna). rna polymerase iii split promoter sequence was observed in most of them, and many had direct repeats flanking to sines as well as a poly(a)-like structure. the sine sequences were designated as "vic-1" sequences. comparison of the vic-1 consensus sequence with sequences registered in the dna database (ddbj/ embl/ge ... | 2001 | 11309663 |
| cloning, transcription and chromosomal localization of the porcine whey acidic protein gene and its expression in hc11 cell line. | the whey acidic protein (wap) is the major whey protein of rodent, rabbit and camel. recently, it was identified in the milk of swine (simpson et al., 1998. j. mol. endocrinol. 20, 27-35). in this paper, the cloning of the pig wap cdna and of bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) construct containing the entire porcine wap gene is reported. the comparison of the coding sequence of the pig wap gene to rodent or lagomorph wap sequence already published demonstrated that only exon sequences are par ... | 2001 | 11311554 |
| high-affinity binding of nadph to camel lens zeta-crystallin. | fluorescence spectrum of camel lens zeta-crystallin, a major protein in the lens of camelids and histicomorph rodents, showed maximum emission at 315 nm. this emission maximum is blue shifted compared to most proteins, including alpha-crystallin, and appeared to be due to tryptophan in highly hydrophobic environment. interaction of nadph with zeta-crystallin quenched the protein fluorescence and enhanced the fluorescence of bound nadph. analysis of fluorescence quenching suggested high-affinity ... | 2001 | 11341937 |
| antigen specificity and high affinity binding provided by one single loop of a camel single-domain antibody. | detailed knowledge on antibody-antigen recognition is scarce given the unlimited antibody specificities of which only few have been investigated at an atomic level. we report the crystal structures of an antibody fragment derived from a camel heavy chain antibody against carbonic anhydrase, free and in complex with antigen. surprisingly, this single-domain antibody interacts with nanomolar affinity with the antigen through its third hypervariable loop (19 amino acids long), providing a flat inte ... | 2001 | 11342547 |
| factors affecting follicular population, oocyte yield and quality in camels (camelus dromedarius) ovary with special reference to maturation time in vitro. | three experiments were conducted to study a series of factors affecting in vitro reproductive parameters in camels. in experiment 1, the effect of season and presence of a corpus luteum (cl) on ovarian follicular populations, oocyte yield and quality was studied using a total of 252 and 208 ovaries collected during the breeding and non-breeding season, respectively. small, medium, large and the total number of ovarian follicles, oocyte yield and quality were measured. in experiment 2, the effect ... | 2001 | 11343843 |
| preliminary evaluation of diagnostic tests using horses experimentally infected with trypanosoma evansi. | seven surra negative horses were intravenously inoculated with 3 x 10(6)trypanosoma evansi parasites derived from a camel. one horse was maintained as an uninfected negative control. three antigen and three antibody detection tests were evaluated for diagnosis of infection in horses. the microhaematocrit centrifugation test (mhct) was the most sensitive, first detecting parasites between one and three days (x 2.4) post infection (p.i.). the antigen (ag)-elisa detected antigen between three and t ... | 2001 | 11352486 |
| assessment of blood glutathione peroxidase activity in the dromedary camel. | blood glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) levels in 709 normal dromedary camels (442 females and 267 males) were assessed in the canary islands. all animals were intensively reared, and three different nutritional systems were evaluated, depending on selenium content of the diet. mean gsh-px level in the total population was 288.5+/-157.2 iu x g(-1) hb. reference ranges were estimated and enzymatic activities below 51 iu x g(-1) hb were considered inadequate. gsh-px activities obtained in females (2 ... | 2001 | 11361154 |
| impairment in the pituitary-thyroid axis of the camelus dromedarius infected with trypanosoma evansi. | camels infected with trypanosoma evansi were diagnosed by the passive haemagglutination test and ag-elisa and subjected to hormonal blood analyses to estimate the function of the thyroid gland. the results indicated that t. evansi caused a significant case of hypothyroidism evidenced as a decrease in the thyroid triiodothyronine (t3) and thyroxine (t4) blood levels associated with a parallel decrease in the level of blood pituitary thyrotropic hormone (tsh) as measured by the ria technique. | 2001 | 11370479 |
| taxon-specific zeta -crystallin in japanese tree frog (hyla japonica) lens. | the present study demonstrated that the 38-kda protein, instead of rho-crystallin (36 kda), is expressed taxon specifically in the lens of japanese tree frog (hyla japonica). the 38-kda protein was distinguished from rho-crystallin expressed in the lenses of bullfrog (rana catesbeiana) and european common frog (rana temporaria) immunochemically. although the n terminus of the 38-kda protein was blocked, the analyses of partial amino acid sequences showed that the protein was zeta-crystallin. ana ... | 2001 | 11371565 |
| a sightseeing tour in the world of clusters--serendipity and scientific progress. | the discovery of the fullerenes in 1985 by kroto et al. and the development of a method for producing macroscopic amounts in 1990 by krätschmer et al. opened a new area of carbon research and the possibility of producing new materials with unique properties. the field has developed further with discoveries of nanotubes, metal-filled nanotubes, carbon onions, met cars, and metal-covered fullerenes, all of which have unique properties and possible technical applications. in retrospect, it is in in ... | 2001 | 11391875 |
| prevalence of sarcocysts in one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) from southern ethiopia. | a survey of sarcocystis was made in camels from southern ethiopia during a part of 1998-99. a total of 605 haematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue samples from cardiac, diaphragm, shoulder, masseter and oesophagus muscles of 121 adult camels and 20 tissue samples from four foetuses were examined for sarcocysts. sarcocysts were detected in 55 of 121 (45.45%) camels examined. the infestation rate of oesophagus, diaphragm, shoulder, masseter and cardiac musculatures were 19.83, 11.57, 12.4, 8.26 and ... | 2001 | 11393818 |
| camel lactoferrin, a transferrin-cum-lactoferrin: crystal structure of camel apolactoferrin at 2.6 a resolution and structural basis of its dual role. | camel lactoferrin is the first protein from the transferrin superfamily that has been found to display the characteristic functions of iron binding and release of lactoferrin as well as transferrin simultaneously. it was remarkable to observe a wide ph demarcation in the release of iron from two lobes. it loses 50 % iron at ph 6.5 and the remaining 50 % iron is released only at ph values between 4.0 and 2.0. furthermore, proteolytically generated n and c-lobes of camel lactoferrin showed that th ... | 2001 | 11397094 |
| fatty acids and lipids of camel milk and colostrum. | total fat content was 32.8 +/- 14 g/l in camel milk (10-240 days post partum) or 30.1 +/- 19.5 g/l in colostrum (1-7 days post partum). triacylglycerols accounted for 96% of the total lipids in milk. triacyglycerols of camel milk contained saturated fatty acids (66.1%) and unsaturated fatty acids (30.5%). the predominant saturated fatty acids were 16:0 (34.9%) 14:0 (14.5%) and 18:0 (9.7%). the content of these fatty in acids in colostrum was lower (52.4%) than that of mature milk. the colsotrum ... | 2001 | 11400477 |
| identification of trypanosoma evansi by dna hybridisation using a non-radioactive probe generated by arbitrary primer pcr: short communication. | a highly reproducible, dominant, monomorphic fragment of 473 base pair (bp) amplified from the genome of trypanosoma evansi by arbitrary primer-polymerase chain reaction (ap-pcr) was labelled with digoxigenin and investigated for its potential as dna probe. dot-blot hybridisation of total genomic dna with the probe proved useful in detecting bubaline, cameline and equine strains of t. evansi down to 10 pg of parasite template dna. no cross-hybridisation was seen with babesia bigemina, theileria ... | 2001 | 11402647 |
| exocellular enzyme activity of dermatophytes and other fungi isolated from ruminants in southern iraq. | sixteen fungal species were isolated from 182 specimens collected from four ruminants (buffalo, camel, cattle and sheep) in southern iraq. fungi represented by five species of dermatophytes and eleven species of other fungi were screened for the activity of four enzymes: keratinase. proteinase, lipase and amylase. keratinase was found to be produced by all of the dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes, except for paecillomyces variottii and scytalidium lignicola. however, high keratinase activity w ... | 2001 | 11407490 |
| mastitis in lactating camels (camelus dromedarius) in afar region, north-eastern ethiopia. | quarter milk samples (n = 543) from 152 traditionally managed lactating camels (camelus dromedarius) in afar region, north-eastern ethiopia were examined to determine the prevalence of camel mastitis and identify its bacterial causes. out of 152 camels examined, 19 (12.5%) were diagnosed as clinical mastitis cases based on clinical signs and bacteriological examinations. of the 257 california mastitis test (cmt) positive quarter milk samples 162 (63.0%) yielded pathogenic bacteria. a positive co ... | 2001 | 11413707 |
| isolation and purification of the ovulation-inducing factor from seminal plasma in the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus). | the purpose of this study was to extract, identify and partially characterize a newly found ovulation-inducing factor, and thus gain our understanding of induced ovulation in biology. in our preliminary research, an ovulation-inducing factor (oif) was isolated and purified from seminal plasma of the bactrian camel by ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, hplc and reverse-phase hplc. the oif is a peptide with 74 residues and gnrh-like bioactivity, which is heat-stable in camel seminal pl ... | 2001 | 11414491 |
| characteristics of dorsal lingual papillae of the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus). | the morphology of dorsal lingual papillae of the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) was studied by using light and scanning electron microscopy. filiform and lenticular papillae were considered as mechanical papillae but fungiform and vallate papillae were considered as gustatory papillae. filiform papillae were distributed mostly in the anterior two-thirds region of the tongue. each filiform papilla consisted of one primary papilla and a few smaller secondary papillae. lenticular papillae were ... | 2001 | 11447938 |
| suspect copper toxicity in an alpaca. | an alpaca presented in lateral recumbency and subsequently died. on necropsy examination the liver showed severe, widespread, periacinar hepatocellular necrosis, staining positive to a rhodamine stain for copper. hepatic copper concentration was elevated. copper toxicity in the camelid is difficult to diagnose, since the classical hemolytic crisis is not observed. | 2001 | 11467185 |
| camel single-domain antibodies as modular building units in bispecific and bivalent antibody constructs. | single-domain antibodies against various antigens are isolated from the unique heavy-chain antibodies of immunized camels and llamas. these minimal sized binders are very robust and bind the antigen with high affinity in a monomeric state. we evaluated the feasibility to produce soluble, functional bispecific and bivalent antibodies in escherichia coli with camel single-domain antibody fragments as building blocks. two single-domain antibody fragments were tethered by the structural upper hinge ... | 2001 | 11053416 |
| fractal analysis of senile plaque observed in various animal species. | in the present study, the fractal dimension (fd), a concept to determine morphological complexity, was applied to morphological estimation of animal and human senile plaque using a computer-aided method. the fds of mature plaque in a 17-year-old dog were significantly higher than those of diffuse plaque in 11- to 16-year-old dogs. in both types of plaque, the fd tended to increase as the size expanded and there was a significant difference between the slope values of the approximate line for dif ... | 2001 | 11137761 |
| of minibody, camel and bacteriophage. | this review describes the design process from conception through realisation and optimisation of a minibody'--a minimised antibody. the result was a proteinaceous molecule of novel fold and metal binding activity. we explain how combinatorial approaches, using phage display libraries, were used to randomise loop regions of the minibody. variants were then selected for desired activities including in vitro inhibition of human interleukin-6 and the protease of the non-structural protein, ns3, of t ... | 2001 | 11472230 |
| protein intermediate trapped by the simultaneous crystallization process. crystal structure of an iron-saturated intermediate in the fe3+ binding pathway of camel lactoferrin at 2.7 a resolution. | this is the first protein intermediate obtained in the crystalline state by the simultaneous process of fe(3+) binding and crystal nucleation and is also the first structure of an intermediate of lactoferrin in the fe(3+) binding pathway. lactoferrin is an iron-binding 80-kda glycoprotein. it binds fe(3+) very tightly in a closed interdomain cleft in both lobes. the iron-free structure of lactoferrin, on the other hand, adopts an open conformation with domains moving widely apart. these studies ... | 2001 | 11473113 |
| powder method for detecting latent fingerprints: a review. | the powder technique for detecting latent fingerprints involves the application of a finely divided formulation to the fingermark impression, generally with a glass-fibre or a camel hair brush. the powder gets mechanically adhered to the sweat residue defining the ridge pattern. the furrows which are devoid of the fingerprint residue, do not adhere the powder onto them. the final outcome is that the powder formulation sticks to the ridges, but is easily blown off the furrows. since the powder is ... | 2001 | 11473799 |
| a study on the productivity and diseases of camels in eastern ethiopia. | a study concerning performance traits of the ethiopian camel indicated that, in the camel herds examined, there was one active bull camel for 25 females. the bull camel was 5 years old at puberty; it reached rutting vigour at the age of 9 years, the number of mountings per day was 8 during the breeding season, and the reproduction span was 10 years. the female camel reached puberty at 4 years of age; the age at first calving was 5 years, and the lactation period was one year; the calving interva ... | 2001 | 11474860 |
| effect of season on the productivity of camels (camelus dromedarius and the prevalence of their major parasites in eastern ethiopia. | the productivity and the prevalence rates of the major parasites of camels (camelus dromedarius) kept under traditional management conditions at errer valley, ethiopia were assessed for a year (october 1997-september 1998). the daily milk offtake was significantly higher (p < 0.05) during the wet season (3.12 +/- 0.03 l) than during the dry season (1.49 +/- 0.04 l). likewise, significantly higher (p < 0.05) daily weight gains (50.68 +/- 0.54 g) were observed during the wet season than during dry ... | 2001 | 11474866 |
| detection and quantification of cd8(+) t cells specific for hla-a*0201-binding melanoma and viral peptides by the ifn-gamma-elispot assay. | blood lymphocytes from hla-a*0201-subtyped melanoma patients and healthy controls were screened for the presence of t cells specific for hla-a*0201-binding melanoma and viral peptide antigens by the enzyme-linked immunospot (elispot) assay. cd8(+) cells were tested for peptide-specific ifn-gamma release immediately after selection as well as after 2 weeks of in vitro stimulation. after in vitro stimulation, cd8(+) t cells specific for influenza were measured in all patients and controls, whereas ... | 2001 | 11477559 |
| brucellosis among animals and human contacts in eastern sudan. | to study the relative frequency of brucellosis among domestic animals in kassala state, sudan, in the year 1999 and compare the results of previous studies since 1908. also to study the frequency rates of the disease in animal contacts in the area. | 2001 | 11479636 |
| teens and tobacco in minnesota. new findings from the minnesota youth tobacco survey. | the minnesota youth tobacco survey (myts) was administered to 12,376 public school students in grades 6 through 12 to obtain baseline data at the start of the state's latest efforts to reduce tobacco use among youth. the sample is representative of public school students in the state. more than one-third of high school students (38.7%) and 12.6% of middle school students are current tobacco users, defined as use of tobacco on one or more days in the previous 30 days. current use of cigarettes is ... | 2001 | 11481950 |
| prenatal infection with a hydatid cyst in a camel (camelus dromedarius). | 2001 | 11488346 | |
| dromedary milk lactic acid fermentation: microbiological and rheological characteristics. | the ability of dromedary skim milk to form an acid curd during a lactic acid starter fermentation was investigated. the activity of the starter in dromedary milk was characterized by a longer lag phase ( approximately 5 vs. approximately 1 h) and by an earlier decline phase. this suggests the presence of inhibiting factors. the maximum buffering capacity of dromedary milk as well as its minimum apparent viscosity were obtained at lower ph values. similarly, its elastic modulus appeared later (ph ... | 2001 | 11494100 |
| seasonal variation in energy expenditure, water flux and food consumption of arabian oryx oryx leucoryx. | we report on the energy expenditure and water flux, measured in the laboratory and in the field, of the arabian oryx oryx leucoryx, the largest desert ruminant for which measurements of the field metabolic rate of free-living individuals have been made using doubly labeled water. prior to extirpation of this species in the wild in 1972, conservationists sequestered a number of individuals for captive breeding; in 1989, oryx were reintroduced in saudi arabia into mahazat as-sayd (2244 km(2)). apa ... | 2001 | 11507113 |
| retrospective study on an unusual form of ovario-bursal pathology in the camel (camelus dromedarius). | a peculiar form of ovarian bursa pathology, called hydrobursitis, is described in the dromedary camel. this malformation is characterized by a collection of fluid within the ovarian bursa with encapsulation of the ovary. retrospective study of all diagnosed cases in our laboratory shows that this malformation is responsible for reduced reproductive performance due to abortion, infertility and embryonic death. hydrobursitis was diagnosed in 33 of 355 animals examined. the incidence of this lesion ... | 2001 | 11516121 |
| retinol values in the plasma of the arabian camel (camelus dromedarius) and the influence of aflatoxicosis. | the normal values are reported of the concentration of vitamin a (retinol) in the plasma of 44 male and female adult camels (camelus dromedarius) in the united arab emirates. the concentrations of the vitamin in the plasma of eight camels of both sexes afflicted with aflatoxicosis were also determined. the mean concentration (+/-sd) of the vitamin in healthy camels was 460.1 +/- 49.3 ng/l. sex had no significant effect on the concentration of the vitamin. camels with aflatoxicosis had a mean con ... | 2001 | 11519683 |
| purification and characterization of aspartate aminotransferase from developing embryos of the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii. | aspartate transaminase (ast) activity in the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii was followed throughout embryogenesis. during purification of ast to homogeneity, ion exchange chromatography lead to four separate forms (termed i, ii, iii and iv). ast ii with the highest specific activity was pure after chromatography on sephacryl s-300. the molecular mass of ast ii was 52 kda for the native enzyme, composed of one subunit of 50 kda. ast ii had a km value of 0.67mm for a-ketoglutarate and 15.1 mm for ... | 2001 | 11523919 |
| single domain camel antibodies: current status. | the antigen-binding capacity of the paired variable domains of an antibody is well established. the observation that the isolated heavy chains of anti-hapten antibodies retain some antigen-binding capacity in the absence of light chains led to attempts to obtain an even smaller antigen-binding unit in a vh format. unfortunately, the poor solubility, the reduced affinity for the antigen and the irreproducible outcome showed that additional protein engineering would be required to successfully gen ... | 2001 | 11526908 |
| the parotid, mandibular and lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes of the camel (camelus dromedarius). | the parotid, mandibular and lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes of the dromedary camel were examined using both light and electron microscopy. all three lymph nodes were lobulated. they did not show the characteristic medulla, cortex and paracortex of typical lymph nodes. instead, they contained lymphatic nodules, dense anodular lymphoid tissue and diffuse lymphoid tissue dispersed throughout the lymph node. networks of sinuses were present in the diffuse lymphoid tissue. the diffuse lymphoid ti ... | 2001 | 11534324 |
| application of the california mastitis test in intramammary streptococcus agalactiae and staphylococcus aureus infections of camels (camelus dromedarius) in kenya. | a study was conducted on 207 lactating camels in six herds in kenya to evaluate the california mastitis test (cmt) for the detection of intramammary infections (imis) caused by streptococcus agalactiae and staphylococcus aureus and to investigate the prevalence of both the pathogens in the camel udder. imi with s. agalactiae was found in 12% of all camels sampled. imi with s. aureus was present in 11% of all camels sampled. the herd-level prevalence of imi varied between 0 and 50% for s. agalact ... | 2001 | 11535287 |
| isolation of ovulation-inducing factors in the seminal plasma of bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) by deae-cellulose chromatography. | ovulation in the bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) depends upon the ovulation-inducing factor in the seminal plasma; however, little research has been conducted to isolate and identify the factor. the current study attempts to isolate and identify the bioactive fractions from the seminal plasma of bactrian camel. the seminal plasma was fractionated by diethylamino-ethylcellulose (deae)-cellulose chromatography and five protein fractions were obtained. the bioactive of each fraction was estimat ... | 2001 | 11555365 |
| beta-lactamase inhibitors derived from single-domain antibody fragments elicited in the camelidae. | small, soluble single-domain fragments derived from the unique variable region of dromedary heavy-chain antibodies (vhhs) against enzymes are known to be potent inhibitors. the immunization of dromedaries with the tem-1 and bcii beta-lactamases has lead to the isolation of such single-domain antibody fragments specifically recognizing and inhibiting those beta-lactamases. two vhhs were isolated that inhibit tem-1 and one bcii inhibiting vhh was identified. all inhibitory vhhs were tight-binding ... | 2001 | 11557473 |
| dorsal spine injuries in saudi arabia--an unusual cause. | motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of spinal injuries in saudi arabia. camel collisions usually result in cervical spine injuries. although extremely rare, dorsal spine injuries have also resulted from these accidents. | 2001 | 11597648 |
| uterine prolapse in 2 dromedary camels. | two cases of uterine prolapse in dromedary camels in a herd with concomitant cases of white muscle disease are described. serum selenium and glutathione peroxidase in whole blood were investigated in both patients and showed statistical difference compared with a control group. results suggest that selenium deficiency could promote uterine prolapse in dromedary camels. | 2001 | 11665430 |
| echinococcus granulosus: intraspecific genetic variation assessed by a dna repetitive element. | a 186 bp echinococcus granulosus-specific repetitive element, treg, was used to assess genetic variation between strains. in g7 genotype (pig strain) it has the characteristics of a satellite dna element with a copy number of 23000 per haploid genome. analysis, by sequencing of treg monomers, showed a great degree of identity within them. in the g1 genotype (common sheep strain) treg-like repetitive elements were found in an interspersed distribution throughout the genome and in only 120 copies. ... | 2001 | 11676370 |
| degenerate interfaces in antigen-antibody complexes. | in most of the work dealing with the analysis of protein-protein interfaces, a single x-ray structure is available or selected, and implicitly it is assumed that this structure corresponds to the optimal complex for this pair of proteins. however, we have found a degenerate interface in a high-affinity antibody-antigen complex: the two independent complexes of the camel variable domain antibody fragment cab-lys3 and its antigen hen egg white lysozyme present in the asymmetric unit of our crystal ... | 2001 | 11676532 |
| intratesticular morphometric, cellular and endocrine changes around the pubertal period in dromedary camels. | we obtained the paired testes from 66 clinically healthy camels during two consecutive breeding seasons. testicular tissues were examined for peripubertal changes in histological structure as well as spermatogenic and steroidogenic activities. cellular sizes (length microm x width microm) increased linearly (p< 0.05) throughout the first three years of the animal's life for leydig cells and between two and a half and five years of age for sertoli cells. a clear increase in the percentage of tubu ... | 2001 | 11681875 |
| factor xa (fxa) inhibitor from the nymphs of the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii. | an inhibitor of factor xa (fxa) was isolated from the nymphs of the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii by a combination of chromatography on deae-cellulose and sephacryl s-300 columns. the isolated nymphal fxa inhibitor turned out to be a homogenous preparation of a single polypeptide chain (15 kda) as judged by both the native and denatured sds-page. its pi value ranged from 7.7 to 7.9. the inhibitor is a potent anticoagulant since it prolonged both the activated partial thromboplastin time (aptt) ... | 2001 | 11691627 |
| trace elements and their distribution in protein fractions of camel milk in comparison to other commonly consumed milks. | studies on camels' milk, whether with respect to concentration or bioavailability of trace elements from this milk, are limited and warrant further investigation. the object of this study was to analyse the concentration and distribution of zinc, copper, selenium, manganese and iron in camel milk compared to those in human milk, cows' milk and infant formula under similar experimental conditions. camels' milk and cows' milk were collected from local farms, human milk samples were obtained from h ... | 2001 | 11694048 |
| interaction of camel lens zeta-crystallin with quinones: portrait of a substrate by fluorescence spectroscopy. | interaction of camel lens zeta-crystallin, an nadph:quinone oxidoreductase, with several quinone derivatives was examined by fluorescence spectroscopy and activity measurements. fluorescence of zeta-crystallin was quenched to different levels by the different quinones:juglone (5-oh, 1,4 naphthoquinone), 1,4 naphthoquinone (1,4-nq), and 1,2 naphthoquinone (1,2-nq) considerably quenched the fluorescence of zeta-crystallin, where as the commonly used substrate, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (pq) did not ... | 2001 | 11697855 |
| congenital hepatoblastoma in a neonatal alpaca cria. | a neonatal alpaca cria found to have minimal clinical abnormalities was diagnosed postmortem with an epithelial-type hepatoblastoma with combined embryonal and fetal patterns, based on previously reported morphological features. camelid neoplasia and domestic animal hepatoblastomas are very rare, with only a single case of congenital hepatoblastoma in a domestic animal previously reported. | 2001 | 11708207 |
| assessment of cooked alpaca and llama meats from the statistical analysis of data collected using an 'electronic nose'. | as part of an eu-funded project to assist in developing the production chain of meat from camelids in south america we have investigated the possibility of using an electronic nose to distinguish between the different types of meat of commercial interest. on-site monitoring of freshly cooked camelid meat using a bloodhound electronic nose has been carried out in peru and bolivia. sampling was carried out using inert, collapsible plastic bags. linear discriminant analysis of data generated by the ... | 2001 | 22061919 |
| disposition of sulfadimethoxine in camels (camelus dromedarius) following single intravenous and oral doses. | single-dose pharmacokinetics of sulfadimethoxine were determined in six adult camels (camelus dromedarius) following administration of a mean dosage of 17.5 +/- 2.7 mg/kg both i.v. and p.o. serial blood samples were collected through an indwelling jugular catheter intermittently for 5 days for both routes. sulfadimethoxine was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. serum drug concentration versus time data for each animal was subjected to linear regression, with the best-fit model ... | 2001 | 12785697 |
| immunolocalization of relaxin in the corpus luteum of the dromedary camel. (camelus dromedarius). | the objective of this study was to determine the distribution of the peptide hormone relaxin in ovarian tissues of the pregnant and non-pregnant dromedary (camelus dromedarius). using light and electron microscopy we here describe the presence of relaxin in cells of the corpus luteum at various stages of the reproductive cycle of this important species. | 2000 | 11501014 |
| [medical treatment of dystocia in zoo animals]. | kasuistics of zoo animals with dystocia (anoa, giraffe, snow goat, scimitar horned antelope, bactrian camel, tiger, diana monkey) treated with special pharmaceuticals (glukokortikoids, cienbuterol, denaverine, carbetocin) and distance injections by blow darts are introduced. these procedures are described as very effective and save methods of obstetrics especially in zoo animals. | 2000 | 11155524 |
| llama heavy-chain v regions consist of at least four distinct subfamilies revealing novel sequence features. | in addition to conventional antibodies (abs), camelids possess abs consisting of only heavy chains. the variable domain of such a heavy-chain ab (vhh) is fully capable of antigen (ag) binding. earlier analysis of 47 vhhs showed sequence features unique to vhh domains. these include the presence of characteristic amino acid substitutions in positions which, in conventional vh domains are involved in interdomain interactions, and the presence of a long third complementarity-determining region (cdr ... | 2000 | 11163394 |
| investigation of total, free, peptide-bound, protein-bound, soluble and insoluble collagen hydroxyproline content in tissues from the arabian camel (camelus dromedarius). | this study was conducted to determine the concentration of total, free, peptide-bound, protein-bound, soluble and insoluble collagen hydroxyproline (hyp) in tissues from the arabian camel (camelus dromedarius). results indicated that there were significant differences in the concentration of total, free, peptide-bound, protein-bound, soluble and insoluble collagen hyp in various tissues (p < 0.01). camel kidney showed a significantly high concentration of total, free, peptide-bound and protein-b ... | 2000 | 11180286 |
| ten years of research activities on tropical parasitology of dromedaries, cattle, and small ruminants in mauritania. | in the past, the essential part of the activity of the parasitology laboratory of the centre national d'elevage et de recherches vétérinaires (cnerv) was represented by diagnostic work that enabled the construction of an inventory of local parasitic fauna and a good collection of specimens. however, the small and irregular number of samples each year, led us to switch our activities in 1990 toward work that could better justify the existence of cnerv. we started work on applied research topics, ... | 2000 | 11193653 |
| light and electron microscopic study of the thyroid gland of the camel (camelus dromedarius). | the thyroid gland of sexually immature dromedary camels was studied using both light and electron microscopy. the thyroid gland contained follicles of different sizes in both summer and winter. however, most of the follicles were large in summer and small in winter. the large follicles were lined by very low cuboidal or semi-squamous follicular cells whereas the small ones were lined by high cuboidal or low columnar follicular cells. electron microscopy showed that the very low cuboidal follicul ... | 2000 | 11199476 |
| [the supply of newborn camel foals (camelus dromedarius) with immunoglobulin g]. | a major problem in camel breeding in east africa is the high mortality rate of young camel calves. the purpose of this research was to examine the quality of camel colostrum and extent of the calves passive immunization by maternal antibodies. in 31 camel birth on a ranch in kenya, igg concentrations in the colostrum and in the serum of the calf during the first three days of life were measured. igg concentration in the serum of the calf reaches a maximum 24 hours after birth. in 39% of the exam ... | 2000 | 11072745 |
| incidence, biochemical and haematological alterations induced by natural trypanosomosis in racing dromedary camels. | in this study 10.67% incidence of trypanosomosis was observed in 150 racing camels by suratex (latex agglutination). a significant decrease (p<0.05) in rbc, hb, pcv and lymphocyte was observed, while a significant (p<0.05) increase in wbc and neutrophils was noted in trypanosomosis positive samples. the blood chemistry parameters indicated that there was significant (p<0.05) decrease in iron and albumin, but no significant alteration was observed in alkaline phosphatase (alp), alanine aminotrans ... | 2000 | 11080512 |
| arteries of the hindfoot of the llama (lama glama). | the objective of this study was to describe the arterial distribution of the hindfoot of the llama (lama glama). ten adult llamas, preserved in 6% formalin solution at 0 degree c, were dissected. the arterial system was perfused with a solution of 14% coloured plaster; the venous system was perfused with a solution of 17% coloured industrial gelatin. angiographies were also obtained. in the llama, the arterial distribution is of the saphenous type and this simple sort of irrigation could be used ... | 2000 | 11103515 |
| cartoon characters as tobacco warning labels. | multiple studies have indicated that the joe camel advertising campaign has been successful in marketing tobacco to children and adolescents, whereas other studies have reported that current tobacco warning messages are ineffective. | 2000 | 11115308 |
| modification of a bovine elisa to detect camelid antibodies to mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection, or johne's disease, reportedly has a low prevalence in south american camelid populations. recently, however, single cases in the united states as well as an outbreak of the disease in australian alpacas (lama pacos) have been described. to provide a rapid and cost-effective method of diagnosing johne's disease in this species, the bovine parachek((r)) johne's absorbed eia (csl, vic., australia) was modified to create a camelid-specific seru ... | 2000 | 11118718 |
| efficient simultaneous presentation of ny-eso-1/lage-1 primary and nonprimary open reading frame-derived ctl epitopes in melanoma. | recent studies have shown that ctl epitopes derived from tumor-associated ags can be encoded by both primary and nonprimary open reading frames (orf). in this study we have analyzed the hla-a2-restricted cd8(+) t cell response to a recently identified ctl epitope derived from an alternative orf product of gene lage-1 (named camel), and the highly homologous gene ny-eso-1 in melanoma patients. using mhc/peptide tetramers we detected camel(1-11)-specific cd8(+) t cells in peptide-stimulated pbmc a ... | 2000 | 11120859 |
| phospholipid- and fatty acid-composition in the erythrocyte membrane of the one-humped camel [camelus dromedarius] and its influence on vesicle properties prepared from these lipids. | the lipid composition of the membrane of erythrocytes from the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) concerning the different lipid classes and the fatty acids was investigated for the first time. the most frequently occurring lipids are sphingomyelin (28.8% of total lipids), phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine (each about 12%). the cholesterol/lipid ratio was calculated to be 0.30 (w/w). the fatty acids consist of shorter and/or more unsaturated chains, which resulted in a more fluid me ... | 2000 | 11471495 |
| immunohistology of the splenic compartments of the one humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | the cellular composition of the different splenic compartments is well characterized in several species, but the spleen of the camel has not been studied due to the lack of specific antibodies detecting its leukocyte subsets. therefore, 5microm frozen sections from 15 camel spleens (0.5-15 years) were studied for acid and alkaline phosphatases and for cross-reaction with antibodies specific for bovine (n=181), swine (n=14) and human (n=6) leukocyte determinants. fifteen antibodies cross-reacted ... | 2000 | 10760387 |