Publications

molecular phylogenetic study and expression analysis of atp-binding cassette transporter gene family in oryza sativa in response to salt stress.	atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter is a large gene superfamily that utilizes the energy released from atp hydrolysis for transporting myriad of substrates across the biological membranes. although many investigations have been done on the structural and functional analysis of the abc transporters in oryza sativa, much less is known about molecular phylogenetic and global expression pattern of the complete abc family in rice. in this study, we have carried out a comprehensive phylogenetic ana ...	2015	25531538
pectin enhances rice (oryza sativa) root phosphorus remobilization.	plants growing in phosphorus (p)-deficient conditions can either increase their exploration of the environment (hence increasing p uptake) or can solubilize and reutilize p from established tissue sources. however, it is currently unclear if p stored in root cell wall can be reutilized. the present study shows that culture of the rice cultivars 'nipponbare' (nip) and 'kasalath' (kas) in p-deficient conditions results in progressive reductions in root soluble inorganic phosphate (pi). however, ni ...	2015	25528599
plant omics data center: an integrated web repository for interspecies gene expression networks with nlp-based curation.	comprehensive integration of large-scale omics resources such as genomes, transcriptomes and metabolomes will provide deeper insights into broader aspects of molecular biology. for better understanding of plant biology, we aim to construct a next-generation sequencing (ngs)-derived gene expression network (gen) repository for a broad range of plant species. so far we have incorporated information about 745 high-quality mrna sequencing (mrna-seq) samples from eight plant species (arabidopsis thal ...	2015	25505034
plant-pras: a database of physicochemical and structural properties and novel functional regions in plant proteomes.	arabidopsis thaliana is an important model species for studies of plant gene functions. research on arabidopsis has resulted in the generation of high-quality genome sequences, annotations and related post-genomic studies. the amount of annotation, such as gene-coding regions and structures, is steadily growing in the field of plant research. in contrast to the genomics resource of animals and microorganisms, there are still some difficulties with characterization of some gene functions in plant ...	2015	25435546
microrna biogenesis factor drb1 is a phosphorylation target of mitogen activated protein kinase mpk3 in both rice and arabidopsis.	microrna (mirna) biogenesis requires atdrb1 (double-stranded rna binding protein)/hyl1 (hyponastic leaves1) protein for processing and maturation of mirna precursors. the atdrb1/hyl1 protein associates with atdcl1 (dicer-like1) and accurately processes primary-mirnas (pri-mrnas) first to precursor-mirnas (pre-mirnas) and finally to mature mirnas. the dephosphorylation of atdrb1/hyl1 protein is very important for the precise processing of mirna precursors. the monocot model crop plant oryza sativ ...	2015	25417716
higher sterol content regulated by cyp51 with concomitant lower phospholipid content in membranes is a common strategy for aluminium tolerance in several plant species.	several studies have shown that differences in lipid composition and in the lipid biosynthetic pathway affect the aluminium (al) tolerance of plants, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences. phospholipids create a negative charge at the surface of the plasma membrane and enhance al sensitivity as a result of the accumulation of positively charged al(3+) ions. the phospholipids will be balanced by other electrically neutral lipids, such as sterols. in the p ...	2015	25416794
heat shock factors in carrot: genome-wide identification, classification, and expression profiles response to abiotic stress.	heat shock factors (hsfs) play key roles in the response to abiotic stress in eukaryotes. in this study, 35 dchsfs were identified from carrot (daucus carota l.) based on the carrot genome database. all 35 dchsfs were divided into three classes (a, b, and c) according to the structure and phylogenetic relationships of four different plants, namely, arabidopsis thaliana, vitis vinifera, brassica rapa, and oryza sativa. comparative analysis of algae, gymnosperms, and angiosperms indicated that the ...	2015	25403331
expression analysis of genes encoding mitogen-activated protein kinases in maize provides a key link between abiotic stress signaling and plant reproduction.	mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) play important roles in stress responses and development in plants. maize (zea mays), an important cereal crop, is a model plant species for molecular studies. in the last decade, several mapks have been identified in maize; however, their functions have not been studied extensively. genome-wide identification and expression analysis of maize mapk genes could provide valuable information for understanding their functions. in this study, 20 non-redundant ...	2015	25388988
mutation of oryza sativa coronatine insensitive 1b (oscoi1b) delays leaf senescence.	jasmonic acid (ja) functions in plant development, including senescence and immunity. arabidopsis thaliana coronatine insensitive 1 encodes a ja receptor and functions in the ja-responsive signaling pathway. the arabidopsis genome harbors a single coi gene, but the rice (oryza sativa) genome harbors three coi homologs, oscoi1a, oscoi1b, and oscoi2. thus, it remains unclear whether each oscoi has distinct, additive, synergistic, or redundant functions in development. here, we use the oscoi1b-1 kn ...	2015	25146897
clues to the functions of plant ndpk isoforms.	this review describes the five nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndpk) genes found in both model plants arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) and oryza sativa l. (rice). phylogenetic and sequence analyses of these genes allow the definition of four types of ndpk isoforms with different predicted subcellular localization. these predictions are supported by experimental evidence for most ndpk types. data mining also provides evidence for the existence of a novel ndpk type putatively localized in the end ...	2015	24964975
rice flavin-binding, kelch repeat, f-box 1 (osfkf1) promotes flowering independent of photoperiod.	in the facultative long-day (ld) plant arabidopsis thaliana, flavin-binding, kelch repeat, f-box 1 (fkf1) is activated by blue light and promotes flowering through the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of constans under inductive ld conditions. by contrast, the facultative short day (sd) plant rice (oryza sativa) flowers early under inductive sd and late under non-inductive ld conditions; the regulatory function of osfkf1 remains elusive. here we show that osfkf1 mutants flower l ...	2015	25850808
axillary meristem formation in rice requires the wuschel ortholog tillers absent1.	axillary shoot formation is a key determinant of plant architecture. formation of the axillary shoot is regulated by initiation of the axillary meristem or outgrowth of the axillary bud. here, we show that rice (oryza sativa) tillers absent1 (tab1; also known as os wus), an ortholog of arabidopsis thaliana wus, is required to initiate axillary meristem development. we found that formation of the axillary meristem in rice proceeds via a transient state, which we term the premeristem, characterize ...	2015	25841039
sex-biased gene expression in dioecious garden asparagus (asparagus officinalis).	sex chromosomes have evolved independently in phylogenetically diverse flowering plant lineages. the genes governing sex determination in dioecious species remain unknown, but theory predicts that the linkage of genes influencing male and female function will spur the origin and early evolution of sex chromosomes. for example, in an xy system, the origin of an active y may be spurred by the linkage of female suppressing and male promoting genes. garden asparagus (asparagus officinalis) serves as ...	2015	25817071
in silico analysis of the genes encoding proteins that are involved in the biosynthesis of the rms/max/d pathway revealed new roles of strigolactones in plants.	strigolactones were described as a new group of phytohormones in 2008 and since then notable large number of their functions has been uncovered, including the regulation of plant growth and development, interactions with other organisms and a plant's response to different abiotic stresses. in the last year, investigations of the strigolactone biosynthesis pathway in two model species, arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa, resulted in great progress in understanding the functions of four enzymes ...	2015	25815594
highly specific gene silencing in a monocot species by artificial micrornas derived from chimeric mirna precursors.	artificial micrornas (amirnas) are used for selective gene silencing in plants. however, current methods to produce amirna constructs for silencing transcripts in monocot species are not suitable for simple, cost-effective and large-scale synthesis. here, a series of expression vectors based on oryza sativa mir390 (osmir390) precursor was developed for high-throughput cloning and high expression of amirnas in monocots. four different amirna sequences designed to target specifically endogenous ge ...	2015	25809382
simple and rapid determination of n(6)-(δ(2)-isopentenyl)adenine, zeatin, and dihydrozeatin in plants using on-line cleanup liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry.	a simple and rapid method was developed for the determination of three free cytokinins, namely, n(6)-(δ(2)-isopentenyl)adenine, zeatin, and dihydrozeatin, in plants using turboflow on-line cleanup liquid chromatography combined with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. the samples were extracted using acetonitrile, and then the extract was purified on a c18-p column, in which the sample matrix was removed and the analytes were retained. subsequently, the analytes were el ...	2015	25808789
the arabidopsis ca²⁺-dependent protein kinase cpk27 is required for plant response to salt-stress.	ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) play vital roles in plant adaptations to environmental challenges. the precise regulatory mechanism of cdpks in mediating salt stress still remains unclear, although several cdpk members have been identified to be involved in salt stress accumulation in various plants, such as arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. here, we investigated the function of an arabidopsis cdpk, cpk27, in salt stress-signaling. cpk27 is a membrane-localized protein kinase; its ...	2015	25791495
autophagy supports biomass production and nitrogen use efficiency at the vegetative stage in rice.	much of the nitrogen in leaves is distributed to chloroplasts, mainly in photosynthetic proteins. during leaf senescence, chloroplastic proteins, including rubisco, are rapidly degraded, and the released nitrogen is remobilized and reused in newly developing tissues. autophagy facilitates the degradation of intracellular components for nutrient recycling in all eukaryotes, and recent studies have revealed critical roles for autophagy in rubisco degradation and nitrogen remobilization into seeds ...	2015	25786829
an ontology approach to comparative phenomics in plants.	plant phenotype datasets include many different types of data, formats, and terms from specialized vocabularies. because these datasets were designed for different audiences, they frequently contain language and details tailored to investigators with different research objectives and backgrounds. although phenotype comparisons across datasets have long been possible on a small scale, comprehensive queries and analyses that span a broad set of reference species, research disciplines, and knowledg ...	2015	25774204
implications of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in soybean drought stress tolerance.	ethylene is a phytohormone known for inducing a triple response in seedlings, leaf abscission and other responses to various stresses. several studies in model plants have evaluated the importance of this hormone in crosstalk signaling with different metabolic pathways, in addition to responses to biotic stresses. however, the mechanism of action in plants of agricultural interest, such as soybean, and its participation in abiotic stresses remain unclear.	2015	26335593
nicotiana sylvestris calcineurin b-like protein nsylcbl10 enhances salt tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis.	nicotiana sylvestris calcineurin b-like protein nsylcbl10 improves tolerance to high-salt stress through better maintenance of na (+) balance. the calcineurin b-like (cbl) proteins represent a unique group of plant calcium sensors and play an important role in regulating the response of a plant cell to the stress. although many studies have been made in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa) and poplar (populus trichocarpa), the characterization and elucidation of the functions ...	2015	26318216
a crispr/cas9 toolbox for multiplexed plant genome editing and transcriptional regulation.	the relative ease, speed, and biological scope of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)/crispr-associated protein9 (cas9)-based reagents for genomic manipulations are revolutionizing virtually all areas of molecular biosciences, including functional genomics, genetics, applied biomedical research, and agricultural biotechnology. in plant systems, however, a number of hurdles currently exist that limit this technology from reaching its full potential. for example, sig ...	2015	26297141
overexpression of bax inhibitor-1 links plasma membrane microdomain proteins to stress.	bax inhibitor-1 (bi-1) is a cell death suppressor widely conserved in plants and animals. overexpression of bi-1 enhances tolerance to stress-induced cell death in plant cells, although the molecular mechanism behind this enhancement is unclear. we recently found that arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) bi-1 is involved in the metabolism of sphingolipids, such as the synthesis of 2-hydroxy fatty acids, suggesting the involvement of sphingolipids in the cell death regulatory mechanism downstream o ...	2015	26297139
mutation of fdc2 gene encoding a ferredoxin-like protein with c-terminal extension causes yellow-green leaf phenotype in rice.	ferredoxins (fds) are small iron-sulfur proteins that mediate electron transfer in a wide range of metabolic reactions. besides fds, there is a type of fd-like proteins designated as fdc, which have conserved elements of fds, but contain a significant c-terminal extension. so far, only two fdc genes of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) have been identified in higher plants and thus the functions of fdc proteins remain largely unknown. in this study, we isolated a yellow-green leaf mutant, 501ys ...	2015	26259181
biochemical characterization and selective inhibition of β-carotene cis-trans isomerase d27 and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase ccd8 on the strigolactone biosynthetic pathway.	the first three enzymatic steps of the strigolactone biosynthetic pathway catalysed by β-carotene cis-trans isomerase dwarf27 (d27) from oryza sativa and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases ccd7 and ccd8 from arabidopsis thaliana have been reconstituted in vitro, and kinetic assays have been developed for each enzyme, in order to develop selective enzyme inhibitors. recombinant osd27 shows a uv-visible λmax at 422 nm and is inactivated by silver(i) acetate, consistent with the presence of an iron-s ...	2015	26257333
comprehensive evolutionary and expression analysis of fcs-like zinc finger gene family yields insights into their origin, expansion and divergence.	plant evolution is characterized by frequent genome duplication events. expansion of habitat resulted in the origin of many novel genes and genome duplication events which in turn resulted in the expansion of many regulatory gene families. the plant-specific fcs-like zinc finger (flz) gene family is characterized by the presence of a fcs-like zinc finger (flz) domain which mediates the protein-protein interaction. in this study, we identified that the expansion of flz gene family size in differe ...	2015	26252898
widespread noncoding circular rnas in plants.	a large number of noncoding circular rnas (circrnas) with regulatory potency have been identified in animals, but little attention has been given to plant circrnas. we performed genome-wide identification of circrnas in oryza sativa and arabidopsis thaliana using publically available rna-seq data, analyzed and compared features of plant and animal circrnas. circrnas (12037 and 6012) were identified in oryza sativa and arabidopsis thaliana, respectively, with 56% (10/18) of the sampled rice exoni ...	2015	26204923
rna interference knockdown of brassinosteroid insensitive1 in maize reveals novel functions for brassinosteroid signaling in controlling plant architecture.	brassinosteroids (brs) are plant hormones involved in various growth and developmental processes. the br signaling system is well established in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (oryza sativa) but poorly understood in maize (zea mays). brassinosteroid insensitive1 (bri1) is a br receptor, and database searches and additional genomic sequencing identified five maize homologs including duplicate copies of bri1 itself. rna interference (rnai) using the extracellular coding region of a ma ...	2015	26162429
conserved regulatory mechanism controls the development of cells with rooting functions in land plants.	land plants develop filamentous cells-root hairs, rhizoids, and caulonemata-at the interface with the soil. members of the group xi basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factors encoded by lotus japonicus roothairless1-like (lrl) genes positively regulate the development of root hairs in the angiosperms lotus japonicus, arabidopsis thaliana, and rice (oryza sativa). here we show that auxin promotes rhizoid and caulonema development by positively regulating the expression of pplrl1 and pplr ...	2015	26150509
copy number variation at the gl7 locus contributes to grain size diversity in rice.	copy number variants (cnvs) are associated with changes in gene expression levels and contribute to various adaptive traits. here we show that a cnv at the grain length on chromosome 7 (gl7) locus contributes to grain size diversity in rice (oryza sativa l.). gl7 encodes a protein homologous to arabidopsis thaliana longifolia proteins, which regulate longitudinal cell elongation. tandem duplication of a 17.1-kb segment at the gl7 locus leads to upregulation of gl7 and downregulation of its nearb ...	2015	26147619
genome-wide nucleosome occupancy and positioning and their impact on gene expression and evolution in plants.	the fundamental unit of chromatin is the nucleosome that consists of a protein octamer composed of the four core histones (hs; h3, h4, h2a, and h2b) wrapped by 147 bp of dna. nucleosome occupancy and positioning have proven to be dynamic and have a critical impact on expression, regulation, and evolution of eukaryotic genes. we developed nucleosome occupancy and positioning data sets using leaf tissue of rice (oryza sativa) and both leaf and flower tissues of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). ...	2015	26143253
histone h2b monoubiquitination mediated by histone monoubiquitination1 and histone monoubiquitination2 is involved in anther development by regulating tapetum degradation-related genes in rice.	histone h2b monoubiquitination (h2bub1) is an important regulatory mechanism in eukaryotic gene transcription and is essential for normal plant development. however, the function of h2bub1 in reproductive development remains elusive. here, we report rice (oryza sativa) histone monoubiquitination1 (oshub1) and oshub2, the homologs of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) hub1 and hub2 proteins, which function as e3 ligases in h2bub1, are involved in late anther development in rice. oshub mutants exh ...	2015	26143250
screening relevant genes of tolerance to low phosphorus in maize using cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism.	soil contains a large amount of phosphorus, but plants cannot absorb most of this phosphorus effectively. low inorganic phosphorus has been singled out as a major constraint that leads to a perpetually low zea mays (maize) grain yield. the fundamental approach to solving this problem is to screen new genes of low phosphorous (lp) tolerance. consequently, the exploration and utilization of lp-tolerant genes are of great significance in plants. the maize inbred line 178 is an inbred lp-tolerant li ...	2015	26125772
succinate dehydrogenase (mitochondrial complex ii) is a source of reactive oxygen species in plants and regulates development and stress responses.	reactive oxygen species (ros) are signaling molecules that regulate plant development and responses to stresses. mitochondria are the source of most ros in heterotrophic cells, and mitochondrial complex i and complex iii are regarded as the main sites of ros production in plant mitochondria. recent studies have demonstrated that succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) also contributes to mitochondrial ros production. however, the ability of sdh to generate ros in plants is unclear. the aim of this study w ...	2015	26082998
completion of tricin biosynthesis pathway in rice: cytochrome p450 75b4 is a unique chrysoeriol 5'-hydroxylase.	flavones are ubiquitously accumulated in land plants, but their biosynthesis in monocots remained largely elusive until recent years. recently, we demonstrated that the rice (oryza sativa) cytochrome p450 enzymes cyp93g1 and cyp93g2 channel flavanones en route to flavone o-linked conjugates and c-glycosides, respectively. in tricin, the 3',5'-dimethoxyflavone nucleus is formed before o-linked conjugations. previously, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylases belonging to the cyp75a subfamily were believed t ...	2015	26082402
integrative comparison of the role of the phosphate response1 subfamily in phosphate signaling and homeostasis in rice.	phosphorus (p), an essential macronutrient for all living cells, is indispensable for agricultural production. although arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) phosphate response1 (phr1) and its orthologs in other species have been shown to function in transcriptional regulation of phosphate (pi) signaling and pi homeostasis, an integrative comparison of phr1-related proteins in rice (oryza sativa) has not previously been reported. here, we identified functional redundancy among three phr1 orthologs ...	2015	26082401
momilactone sensitive proteins in arabidopsis thaliana.	the labdane-related diterpenoid, momilactone b has potent growth inhibitory activity and was demonstrated to play a particularly critical role in the allelopathy of rice (oryza sativa l.). however, there is limited information available about the mode of action of momilactone b on the growth inhibition. the present research describes the effects of momilactone b on protein expression in the early development of arabidopsis thaliana seedling, which was determined by two-dimensional electrophoresi ...	2015	26058145
genome-wide survey and expression analysis of the pub family in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinesis).	u-box proteins are widely distributed among eukaryotic organisms and show a higher prevalence in plants than in other organisms. plant u-box (pub) proteins play crucial regulatory roles in various developmental and physiological processes. previously, 64 and 77 pub genes have been identified in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (oryza sativa), respectively. in this study, 101 putative pub genes were identified in the chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis line chiifu-401-42) ge ...	2015	26054324
cross-species network analysis uncovers conserved nitrogen-regulated network modules in rice.	in this study, we used a cross-species network approach to uncover nitrogen (n)-regulated network modules conserved across a model and a crop species. by translating gene network knowledge from the data-rich model arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) to a crop, rice (oryza sativa), we identified evolutionarily conserved n-regulatory modules as targets for translational studies to improve n use efficiency in transgenic plants. to uncover such conserved n-regulatory network modules, we first generat ...	2015	26045464
a gibberellin-mediated della-nac signaling cascade regulates cellulose synthesis in rice.	cellulose, which can be converted into numerous industrial products, has important impacts on the global economy. it has long been known that cellulose synthesis in plants is tightly regulated by various phytohormones. however, the underlying mechanism of cellulose synthesis regulation remains elusive. here, we show that in rice (oryza sativa), gibberellin (ga) signals promote cellulose synthesis by relieving the interaction between slender rice1 (slr1), a della repressor of ga signaling, and na ...	2015	26002868
maohuzi6/ethylene insensitive3-like1 and ethylene insensitive3-like2 regulate ethylene response of roots and coleoptiles and negatively affect salt tolerance in rice.	ethylene plays important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. the ethylene signaling pathway has been studied extensively, mainly in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). however, the molecular mechanism of ethylene signaling is largely unknown in rice (oryza sativa). previously, we have isolated a set of rice ethylene-response mutants. here, we characterized the mutant maohuzi6 (mhz6). through map-based cloning, we found that mhz6 encodes ethylene insensitive3-like1 (oseil1), ...	2015	25995326
droughtdb: an expert-curated compilation of plant drought stress genes and their homologs in nine species.	plants are sessile and therefore exposed to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. drought is the major abiotic stress restricting plant growth worldwide. a number of genes involved in drought stress response have already been characterized, mainly in the model species arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. however, with the aim to produce drought tolerant crop varieties, it is of importance to identify the respective orthologs for each species. we have developed droughtdb, a manually curated ...	2015	25979979
isolation of intact mitochondria from the model plant species arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa.	the study of mitochondrial composition, biogenesis, and metabolism requires the isolation of intact functional mitochondria, often in relatively large quantities sufficient for downstream biochemical and proteomic analysis. here we describe techniques optimized for the isolation of functional mitochondria from a variety of tissues from the model monocot and dicot species arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (oryza sativa).	2015	25910723
genome-wide exploration of the molecular evolution and regulatory network of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades upon multiple stresses in brachypodium distachyon.	brachypodium distachyon is emerging as a widely recognized model plant that has very close relations with several economically important poaceae species. mapk cascade is known to be an evolutionarily conserved signaling module involved in multiple stresses. although the gene sequences of mapk and mapkk family have been fully identified in b. distachyon, the information related to the upstream mapkkk gene family especially the regulatory network among mapks, mapkks and mapkkks upon multiple stres ...	2015	25886731
genome-wide survey of the soybean gata transcription factor gene family and expression analysis under low nitrogen stress.	gata transcription factors are transcriptional regulatory proteins that contain a characteristic type-iv zinc finger dna-binding domain and recognize the conserved gata motif in the promoter sequence of target genes. previous studies demonstrated that plant gata factors possess critical functions in developmental control and responses to the environment. to date, the gata factors in soybean (glycine max) have yet to be characterized. thus, this study identified 64 putative gata factors from the ...	2015	25886477
the presence of fucogalactoxyloglucan and its synthesis in rice indicates conserved functional importance in plants.	the predominant structure of the hemicellulose xyloglucan (xyg) found in the cell walls of dicots is a fucogalactoxyg with an xxxg core motif, whereas in the poaceae (grasses and cereals), the structure of xyg is less xylosylated (xxggn core motif) and lacks fucosyl residues. however, specialized tissues of rice (oryza sativa) also contain fucogalactoxyg. orthologous genes of the fucogalactoxyg biosynthetic machinery of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) are present in the rice genome. expressio ...	2015	25869654
copper-induced hydrogen peroxide upregulation of a metallothionein gene, osmt2c, from oryza sativa l. confers copper tolerance in arabidopsis thaliana.	metallothioneins (mts) are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins found in numerous genera and species, but their functions in abiotic stress tolerance remain unclear. here, a mt gene from oryza sativa, osmt2c, was isolated and characterized, encoding a type 2 mt, and observed expression in the roots, leaf sheathes, and leaves, but only weak expression in seeds. osmt2c was upregulated by copper (cu) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) treatments. excessive cu elicited a rapid and su ...	2015	25867584
two atp binding cassette g transporters, rice atp binding cassette g26 and atp binding cassette g15, collaboratively regulate rice male reproduction.	male reproduction in higher plants requires the support of various metabolites, including lipid molecules produced in the innermost anther wall layer (the tapetum), but how the molecules are allocated among different anther tissues remains largely unknown. previously, rice (oryza sativa) atp binding cassette g15 (abcg15) and its arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) ortholog were shown to be required for pollen exine formation. here, we report the significant role of osabcg26 in regulating the deve ...	2015	26392263
comparative genomic analysis of the wrky iii gene family in populus, grape, arabidopsis and rice.	wrky iii genes have significant functions in regulating plant development and resistance. in plant, wrky gene family has been studied in many species, however, there still lack a comprehensive analysis of wrky iii genes in the woody plant species poplar, three representative lineages of flowering plant species are incorporated in most analyses: arabidopsis (a model plant for annual herbaceous dicots), grape (one model plant for perennial dicots) and oryza sativa (a model plant for monocots).	2015	26350041
the polyamine oxidase from lycophyte selaginella lepidophylla (selpao5), unlike that of angiosperms, back-converts thermospermine to norspermidine.	in the phylogeny of plant polyamine oxidases (paos), clade iii members from angiosperms, such as arabidopsis thaliana pao5 and oryza sativa pao1, prefer spermine and thermospermine as substrates and back-convert both of these substrates to spermidine in vitro. a clade iii representative of lycophytes, selpao5 from selaginella lepidophylla, also prefers spermine and thermospermine but instead back-converts these substrates to spermidine and norspermidine, respectively. this finding indicates that ...	2015	26348400
introns structure patterns of variation in nucleotide composition in arabidopsis thaliana and rice protein-coding genes.	plant genomes present a continuous range of variation in nucleotide composition (g + c content). in coding regions, g + c-poor species tend to have unimodal distributions of g + c content among genes within genomes and slight 5'-3' gradients along genes. in contrast, g + c-rich species display bimodal distributions of g + c content among genes and steep 5'-3' decreasing gradients along genes. the causes of these peculiar patterns are still poorly understood. within two species (arabidopsis thali ...	2015	26450849
genetic and biochemical mechanisms of pollen wall development.	the pollen wall is a specialized extracellular cell wall matrix that surrounds male gametophytes and plays an essential role in plant reproduction. uncovering the mechanisms that control the synthesis and polymerization of the precursors of pollen wall components has been a major research focus in plant biology. we review current knowledge on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying pollen wall development in eudicot model arabidopsis thaliana and monocot model rice (oryza sativa), focu ...	2015	26442683
from arabidopsis to cereal crops: conservation of chloroplast protein degradation by autophagy indicates its fundamental role in plant productivity.	autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process leading to the degradation of intracellular components in eukaryotes, which is important for nutrient recycling especially in response to starvation conditions. nutrient recycling is an essential process that underpins productivity in crop plants, such that remobilized nitrogen derived from older organs supports the formation of new organs or grain-filling within a plant. we extended our understanding of autophagy in a model plant, arabidopsis tha ...	2015	26440746
sequential solvent induced phase transition extraction for profiling of endogenous phytohormones in plants by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.	in the current study, a novel method for high-throughput and sensitive determination of 12 phytohormones in plants was developed by using sequential solvent induced phase transition extraction (sipte) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (uplc-ms/ms). in sequential sipte, 0.1% formic acid (v/v) and 50mm nahco3 aqueous solution were used for enrichment and purification of alkaline and acidic phytohormones from the acetonitrile extract of plant tissues in s ...	2015	26439536
plant abc transporters: time for biochemistry?	atp-binding cassette (abc) proteins form a large and ubiquitous family, most members of which are membrane-associated primary transporters. plant genomes code for a particularly large number of these abc proteins, with more than 120 genes present in both arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa (rice). although plant abc transporters were initially identified as detoxifiers, sequestering xenobitotics into the vacuole, they were later found to be involved in a wide range of essential physiological p ...	2015	26517906
engineering monolignol p-coumarate conjugates into poplar and arabidopsis lignins.	lignin acylation, the decoration of hydroxyls on lignin structural units with acyl groups, is common in many plant species. monocot lignins are decorated with p-coumarates by the polymerization of monolignol p-coumarate conjugates. the acyltransferase involved in the formation of these conjugates has been identified in a number of model monocot species, but the effect of monolignol p-coumarate conjugates on lignification and plant growth and development has not yet been examined in plants that d ...	2015	26511914
enhanced sucrose loading improves rice yield by increasing grain size.	yield in cereals is a function of grain number and size. sucrose (suc), the main carbohydrate product of photosynthesis in higher plants, is transported long distances from source leaves to sink organs such as seeds and roots. here, we report that transgenic rice plants (oryza sativa) expressing the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) phloem-specific suc transporter (atsuc2), which loads suc into the phloem under control of the phloem protein2 promoter (ppp2), showed an increase in grain yield of ...	2015	26504138
structure of a eukaryotic sweet transporter in a homotrimeric complex.	eukaryotes rely on efficient distribution of energy and carbon skeletons between organs in the form of sugars. glucose in animals and sucrose in plants serve as the dominant distribution forms. cellular sugar uptake and release require vesicular and/or plasma membrane transport proteins. humans and plants use proteins from three superfamilies for sugar translocation: the major facilitator superfamily (mfs), the sodium solute symporter family (ssf; only in the animal kingdom), and sweets. sweets ...	2015	26479032
mining microsatellite markers from public expressed sequence tags databases for the study of threatened plants.	simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are widely used in population genetic studies but their classical development is costly and time-consuming. the ever-increasing available dna datasets generated by high-throughput techniques offer an inexpensive alternative for ssrs discovery. expressed sequence tags (ests) have been widely used as ssr source for plants of economic relevance but their application to non-model species is still modest.	2015	26463180
genome-wide identification and analysis of the vq motif-containing protein family in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis).	previous studies have showed that the vq motif-containing proteins in arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa play an important role in plant growth, development, and stress responses. however, little is known about the functions of the vq genes in brassica rapa (chinese cabbage). in this study, we performed genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the vq genes in chinese cabbage, especially under adverse environment. we identified 57 vq genes and classified them in ...	2015	26633387
development of primer pairs from diverse chloroplast genomes for use in plant phylogenetic research.	variation in the chloroplast dna sequence is useful for plant phylogenetic studies. however, the number of variable sequences provided by chloroplast dna for suggested genes or genomic regions in plant phylogenetic analyses is often inadequate. to identify conserved regions that can be used to design primers and amplify variable sequences for use in plant phylogenetic studies, the complete chloroplast genomic sequences of six plant species (including oryza sativa, arabidopsis thaliana, glycine m ...	2015	26600547
genomic and post-translational modification analysis of leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases in brassica rapa.	among several receptor-like kinases (rlks), leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases (lrr-rlks) are a major group of genes that play crucial roles in growth, development and stress responses in plant systems. given that they have several functional roles, it is important to investigate their roles in brassica rapa. in the present study, 303 lrr-rlks were identified in the genome of b. rapa and comparative phylogenetic analysis of 1213 combined lrr-rlks of b. rapa, arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sa ...	2015	26588465
smax1-like/d53 family members enable distinct max2-dependent responses to strigolactones and karrikins in arabidopsis.	the plant hormones strigolactones and smoke-derived karrikins are butenolide signals that control distinct aspects of plant development. perception of both molecules in arabidopsis thaliana requires the f-box protein more axillary growth2 (max2). recent studies suggest that the homologous suppressor of max2 1 (smax1) in arabidopsis and dwarf53 (d53) in rice (oryza sativa) are downstream targets of max2. through an extensive analysis of loss-of-function mutants, we demonstrate that the arabidopsi ...	2015	26546447
strigolactone signaling in arabidopsis regulates shoot development by targeting d53-like smxl repressor proteins for ubiquitination and degradation.	strigolactones (sls) are carotenoid-derived phytohormones that control many aspects of plant development, including shoot branching, leaf shape, stem secondary thickening, and lateral root growth. in rice (oryza sativa), sl signaling requires the degradation of dwarf53 (d53), mediated by a complex including d14 and d3, but in arabidopsis thaliana, the components and mechanism of sl signaling involving the d3 ortholog more axillary growth2 (max2) are unknown. here, we show that sl-dependent regul ...	2015	26546446
chloroplasts in anther endothecium of zea mays (poaceae).	although anthers of zea mays, oryza sativa, and arabidopsis thaliana have been studied intensively using genetic and biochemical analyses in the past 20 years, few updates to anther anatomical and ultrastructural descriptions have been reported. for example, no transmission electron microscopy (tem) images of the premeiotic maize anther have been published. here we report the presence of chloroplasts in maize anthers.	2015	26526813
analysis of the expression of the agl17-like clade of mads-box transcription factors in rice.	in plants, mads-box transcription factors are key regulators of floral and fruit development, organ dehiscence and stress responses. nevertheless, the functions of most of them are still unknown. in arabidopsis thaliana, the agl17-like clade of mads-box transcription factors comprises four members. agl17 is involved in floral induction, whereas agl44/anr1 is involved in the adaptive development of roots in response to nitrate. agl21 is primarily expressed in the roots and agl16 in the leaves, su ...	2015	23466806
the eucalyptus grandis r2r3-myb transcription factor family: evidence for woody growth-related evolution and function.	the r2r3-myb family, one of the largest transcription factor families in higher plants, controls a wide variety of plant-specific processes including, notably, phenylpropanoid metabolism and secondary cell wall formation. we performed a genome-wide analysis of this superfamily in eucalyptus, one of the most planted hardwood trees world-wide. a total of 141 predicted r2r3-myb sequences identified in the eucalyptus grandis genome sequence were subjected to comparative phylogenetic analyses with ar ...	2015	25250741
temperature responses of mesophyll conductance differ greatly between species.	the temperature responses of mesophyll conductance (gm ) were investigated for nine species using carbon isotope techniques combining tunable diode laser spectroscopy and gas exchange measurements. species included the evergreen trees eucalyptus pauciflora and quercus engelmannii; the tropical evergreen tree lophostemon confertus; as well as the herbaceous species nicotiana tabacum, oryza sativa, triticum aestivum, gossypium hirsutum, glycine max and arabidopsis thaliana. responses varied from a ...	2015	25224884
enhanced expression of alternative oxidase genes is involved in the tolerance of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings to drought stress.	drought stress significantly enhanced the capacity of the alternative respiratory pathway and induced aox1a and aox1b transcripts in rice seedling leaves. the drought-stressed seedlings pretreated with the inhibitor of the alternative respiratory pathway, 1 mm salicylhydroxamic acid, had a lower level of relative water content than the seedlings either subjected to drought or salicylhydroxamic acid treatment alone. this observation suggests that the alternative respiratory pathway could play a r ...	2015	19957440
seasonal losses of dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved solids from rice production systems in northern california.	water quality concerns have arisen related to rice (oryza sativa l.) field drain water, which has the potential to contribute large amounts of dissolved organic carbon (doc) and total dissolved solids (tds) to the sacramento river. field-scale losses of doc or tds have yet to be quantified. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the seasonal concentrations of doc and tds in rice field drain water and irrigation canals, quantify seasonal fluxes and flow-weighted (fw) concentrations of doc ...	2015	20048318
uptake and distribution of iodine in rice plants.	rice (oryza sativa l.) plants were cultivated in an experimental field and separated at harvest into different components, including polished rice, rice bran, hull, straw, and root. the contents of iodine in these components and the soil were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and radiochemical neutron activation analysis, respectively. iodine content varied by more than three orders of magnitude among the plant components. mean concentration of iodine in the entire plant ...	2015	18948477
phytochrome-mediated inhibition of coleoptile growth in rice: age-dependency and action spectra.	phytochrome has been shown to be the major photoreceptor involved in the photo-inhibition of coleoptile growth in japonica-type rice (oryza sativa l.). we have characterized this typical photomorphogenetic response of rice using mutants deficient in phytochrome a (phya) and phytochrome b (phyb) and with respect to age-dependency and action spectra. seedlings were irradiated with a pulse of light 40 h or 80 h after germination (i.e. at an early or late developmental stage) and the final coleoptil ...	2015	17029495
diversity of endogenous small non-coding rnas in oryza sativa.	small non-coding rnas play important roles in regulating cell functions by controlling mrna turnover and translational repression in eukaryotic cells. here we isolated 162 endogenous small rna molecules from oryza sativa, which ranged from 16 to 35 nt in length. further analysis indicated that they represented a diversity of small rna molecules, including 17 micrornas (mirnas), 30 tiny non-coding rnas (tncrnas) and 20 repeat-associated small interfering rnas (rasirnas). among 17 mirnas, 13 were ...	2015	17028937
effect of 2,4-d, hydric stress and light on indica rice (oryza sativa) somatic embryogenesis.	with the purpose of increasing the embryogenesis regeneration process in vitroplants obtained from somatic embryos of the indica rice variety cr-5272 (oryza sativa l.), two independent experiments were performed. the first experiment consisted in the effect of combination of three concentrations of the gelling agent phytagel (1.8. 2.4. and 3 gl(-1)) and four 2,4-d concentrations (2.26, 4.52. 6.78, and 9.05 microm) on the induction and subsequent regeneration of embryogenic calli. on the second e ...	2015	17354447
genetic interaction between 2 tillering genes, reduced culm number 1 (rcn1) and tillering dwarf gene d3, in rice.	mutant genes, reduced culm number 1 (rcn1) and bunketsuwaito tillering dwarf (d3), affect tiller number in rice (oryza sativa l.) in opposite directions. the d3 mutant was reported to increase tiller number and reduce plant stature. our objective was to compare the phenotype of the d3rcn1 double mutant with each single mutant and parental rice cultivar "shiokari" and to clarify whether the rcn1 gene interacted with the d3 gene. we recovered a new rcn1 mutant from shiokari and developed d3rcn1 do ...	2015	17237471
two native pools of phytochrome a in monocots: evidence from fluorescence investigations of phytochrome mutants of rice.	fluorescence investigations of phytochrome (phy) in rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) mutants deficient in phya, phyb and phya plus phyb were performed. total content of the pigment (p(tot)) and its spectroscopic and photochemical characteristics were determined in different parts of the dark-grown and far-red light (fr)-grown coleoptiles. spectroscopically, phya in the phyb mutant was identical to phya in the wild-type (wt) and the extent of the conversion from pr to lumi-r at 85 k was the ...	2015	17205634
isovitexin-2'-o-beta-[6-o-e-p-coumaroylglucopyranoside] from uv-b irradiated leaves of rice, oryza sativa l. inhibits fertility of helicoverpa armigera.	uv-b irradiated rice leaves (oryza sativa l.) contained four closely related flavonoids, with either an isoorientin or isovitexin aglycone. these flavonoids have previously been purified and characterized, and were added to artificial diets of the african bollworm (helicoverpa armigera hübner) at 0.1x concentration found in irradiated rice leaves. consumption of different diets had relatively small effects on laval, pupal and adult duration, weight and survival, indicating the insects lived near ...	2015	17880511
[update on the therapeutic qualities of the rice bran in the treatment of dyslipidemia and chemo-prevention].	rice (oryza sativa) bran, comprising 10% of the total rice grain, is a by-product of the rice milling industry with world production of about 50-60 million metric tons per year. rice bran is an excellent source of antioxidants, vitamins, fatty acids, protein, carbohydrates and other critical minerals and nutrients. in addition to being an excellent source of nutrients, rice bran is reported to be rich in phytonutrients that provide health benefits associated with blood sugar control, cholesterol ...	2015	21779125
[dna-identification of rice varieties (oryza sativa l.) of ukrainian selection].	genetic diversity of 11 rice varieties of the institute of rice uaas was assessed using a set of 25 ssr loci. based on analyses of 12 polymorphic microsatillite loci the procedures for composing genetic formulas of varieties and their identification have been elaborated. upgma-cluster-analysis based on genetic distance coefficients clearly separated all the varieties into two groups, and showed that the ukrainian rice varieties are closely related. although the genetic diversity was low, ssrs pr ...	2015	21446157
[molecular genetic analysis of soriz genome (sorghum oryzoidum)].	molecular-genetic analysis of soriz genotypes (sorghum oryzoidum), its paternal form sorghum bicolor (l.) moench (grain sorghum), possible parents (sorghum sudanense (piper.) stapf. (sudan grass) and oryza sativa l. (rice planting)) and the nearest relatives has been carried out using microsatellite (ms) loci of sorghum and rice. based on these data genetic distances have been calculated. it was shown that soriz do not bear dna fragments of rice, but contains in its genome dna fragments belongin ...	2015	21950137
qtl analysis for grain quality traits in 2 bc2f2 populations derived from crosses between oryza sativa cv swarna and 2 accessions of o. nivara.	the appearance and cooking quality of rice determine its acceptability and price to a large extent. quantitative trait loci (qtls) for 12 grain quality traits were mapped in 2 mapping populations derived from oryza sativa cv swarna × o. nivara. the bc(2)f(2) population of the cross swarna × o. nivara irgc81848 (population 1) was evaluated during 2005 and that from swarna × o. nivara irgc81832 (population 2) was evaluated during 2006. linkage maps were constructed using 100 simple sequence repeat ...	2015	22312119
identification and fine mapping of qcth4, a quantitative trait loci controlling the chlorophyll content from tillering to heading in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the chlorophyll content is one of the most important traits selected by breeders, and it is controlled by quantitative trait loci (qtls) derived from natural variations in rice. we analyzed the qtl controlling chlorophyll content by using 94 rils derived from a cross between 2 japonica rice cultivars, lijiangxintuanheigu (lth) and shennong265 (sn265). twenty-two qtls controlling chlorophyll content at tillering stage, heading stage, and maturity stage were detected, respectively. among them, ric ...	2015	22851681
different isoforms of starch-synthesizing enzymes controlling amylose and amylopectin content in rice (oryza sativa l.).	starch, composed of amylose and amylopectin, greatly influences rice cooking and textural quality, which in turn is controlled by various isoforms of several enzymes. activity of one or more isoforms of starch-synthesizing enzymes results in various forms of starch structure based on the amylopectin chain length and average external, internal and core chain length distribution and hence results in varying physicochemical and cooking quality. since the synthesis of starch is highly complex, it is ...	2015	22960619
exogenous ascorbic acid and glutathione alleviate oxidative stress induced by salt stress in the chloroplasts of oryza sativa l.	the effects of exogenous ascorbic acid (asa) and reduced glutathione (gsh) on antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (sod), ascorbate peroxidase (apx), and glutathione reductase (gr)] and the contents of malondialdehyde (mda) and h2o2, as well as of endogenous asa and gsh, in the chloroplasts of two rice cultivars, the salt-tolerant cultivar pokkali and the salt-sensitive cultivar peta, were investigated. exogenous asa and gsh enhanced sod, apx, and gr activities, increased endogeno ...	2015	25069161
effects of high hydrostatic pressure treatment on the enhancement of functional components of germinated rough rice (oryza sativa l.).	this study was performed to evaluate the enhancement of functional components of germinated rough rice. rough rice was germinated at 37 °c for 6 days, and subjected to a high hydrostatic pressure treatment (hpt) at 30 mpa for 24 h (hp24) and 48 h (hp48). germinated rough rice without hpt (hp0), hp24, and hp48 were analysed for their functional components. the highest γ-aminobutyric acid, total arabinoxylan, and tricin 4'-o-(threo-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether contents were 121.21 mg/100g, 10.6%, and ...	2015	25053032
the regulatory network mediated by circadian clock genes is related to heterosis in rice.	exploitation of heterosis in rice (oryza sativa l.) has contributed greatly to global food security. in this study, we generated three sets of reciprocal f1 hybrids of indica and japonica subspecies to evaluate the relationship between yield heterosis and the circadian clock. there were no differences in trait performance or heterosis between the reciprocal hybrids, indicating no maternal effects on heterosis. the indica-indica and indica-japonica reciprocal f1 hybrids exhibited pronounced heter ...	2015	25040350
peroxisomal apx knockdown triggers antioxidant mechanisms favourable for coping with high photorespiratory h2 o2 induced by cat deficiency in rice.	the physiological role of peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidases (papx) is unknown; therefore, we utilized papx4 knockdown rice and catalase (cat) inhibition to assess its role in cat compensation under high photorespiration. papx4 knockdown induced co-suppression in the expression of papx3. the rice mutants exhibited metabolic changes such as lower cat and glycolate oxidase (go) activities and reduced glyoxylate content; however, apx activity was not altered. cat inhibition triggered different chang ...	2015	25039271
high light acclimation of oryza sativa l. leaves involves specific photosynthetic-sourced changes of nadph/nadp⁺ in the midvein.	previous studies have shown that exposure of arabidopsis leaves to high light (hl) causes a systemic acquired acclimation (saa) response in the vasculature. it has been postulated that c₄-like photosynthesis in the leaf veins triggers this response via the mehler reaction. to investigate this proposed connection and extend saa to other plants, we examined the redox state of nadph, ascorbate (asa), and glutathione (gsh) pools; levels and histochemical localization of o₂- and h₂o₂ signals; and act ...	2015	24888399
plant stress biomarkers from biosimulations: the transcriptome-to-metabolome (ttm) technology - effects of drought stress on rice.	measuring biomarkers from plant tissue samples is challenging and expensive when the desire is to integrate transcriptomics, fluxomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, proteomics, physiomics and phenomics. we present a computational biology method where only the transcriptome needs to be measured and is used to derive a set of parameters for deterministic kinetic models of metabolic pathways. the technology is called transcriptome-to-metabolome (ttm) biosimulations, currently under commercial developm ...	2015	24985701
a new room temperature gas sensor based on pigment-sensitized tio2 thin film for amines determination.	a new room temperature gas sensor was fabricated with pigment-sensitized tio2 thin film as the sensing layer. four natural pigments were extracted from spinach (spinacia oleracea), red radish (raphanus sativus l), winter jasmine (jasminum nudiflorum), and black rice (oryza sativa l. indica) by ethanol. natural pigment-sensitized tio2 sensor was prepared by immersing porous tio2 films in an ethanol solution containing a natural pigment for 24h. the hybrid organic-inorganic formed films here were ...	2015	24934102
unraveling low-level gamma radiation--responsive changes in expression of early and late genes in leaves of rice seedlings at iitate village, fukushima.	in the summer of 2012, 1 year after the nuclear accident in march 2011 at the fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant, we examined the effects of gamma radiation on rice at a highly contaminated field of iitate village in fukushima, japan. we investigated the morphological and molecular changes on healthy rice seedlings exposed to continuous low-dose gamma radiation up to 4 µsv h(-1), about 80 times higher than natural background level. after exposure to gamma rays, expression profiles of selected ...	2015	25124817
reducing greenhouse gas emissions, water use, and grain arsenic levels in rice systems.	agriculture is faced with the challenge of providing healthy food for a growing population at minimal environmental cost. rice (oryza sativa), the staple crop for the largest number of people on earth, is grown under flooded soil conditions and uses more water and has higher greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions than most crops. the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that alternate wetting and drying (awd--flooding the soil and then allowing to dry down before being reflooded) water man ...	2015	25099317
oshk3 is a crucial regulator of abscisic acid signaling involved in antioxidant defense in rice.	in this study, the role of the rice (oryza sativa l.) histidine kinase oshk3 in abscisic acid (aba)-induced antioxidant defense was investigated. treatments with aba, h2 o2 , and polyethylene glycol (peg) induced the expression of oshk3 in rice leaves, and h2 o2 is required for aba-induced increase in the expression of oshk3 under water stress. subcellular localization analysis showed that oshk3 is located in the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane. the transient expression analysis and the transi ...	2015	24912543
heme-heme oxygenase 1 system is involved in ammonium tolerance by regulating antioxidant defence in oryza sativa.	despite substantial evidence showing the ammonium-altered redox homeostasis in plants, the involvement and molecular mechanism of heme-heme oxygenase 1 (heme-ho1), a novel antioxidant system, in the regulation of ammonium tolerance remain elusive. to fill in these gaps, the biological function of rice ho1 (osse5) was investigated. results showed that nh4 cl up-regulated rice osse5 expression. oxidative stress and subsequent growth inhibition induced by excess nh4 cl was partly mitigated by pretr ...	2015	24905845
identification and characterization of mini1, a gene regulating rice shoot development.	the aerial parts of higher plants are generated from the shoot apical meristem (sam). in this study, we isolated a small rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant that showed premature termination of shoot development and was named mini rice 1 (mini1). the mutant was first isolated from a japonica cultivar zhonghua11 (zh11) subjected to ethyl methanesulfonate (ems) treatment. with bulked segregant analysis (bsa) and map-based cloning method, mini1 gene was finally fine-mapped to an interval of 48.6 kb on ch ...	2015	24946831
cell death of rice roots under salt stress may be mediated by cyanide-resistant respiration.	treatment with solutions containing high concentrations of nacl (200 or 300 mm) induced cell death in rice (oryza sativa l.) roots, as well as the application of exogenous hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). moreover, the pretreatment with dimethylthiourea (dmtu), a scavenger of h2o2, partially alleviated the root cell death induced by 200 mm nacl. these observations suggest that the cell death of rice roots under high salt stress is linked to h2o2 accumulation in vivo. nacl stress increased the level of ...	2015	23659171
partial proteolysis of rice phytochrome: comparison with oat phytochrome.	phytochrome was isolated from etiolated rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.) by slight modification of the procedure for oat phytochrome. spectral data of rice phytochrome are comparable with those of oat and rye phytochrome. controlled proteolysis with endoproteinases lys-c and glu-c yielded defined fragments some of which were different for pr and pfr. the fragments were identified by comparison with the corresponding fragments of oat phytochrome and by comparison of the amino acid sequences of ri ...	2015	2686670
effect of erythrogen on post-thaw recovery of cryopreserved cell suspensions of indica rice (oryza sativa l.).	this study shows that adding haemoglobin solution (erythrogen) to post-thaw medium of indica rice (oryza sativa l.) cells enhances survival following cryopreservation. haemoglobin (1:50 - 1:200 v:v) had a beneficial effect on post-thaw viability and subsequent cell growth. a key finding was that the successful recovery from cryopreservation of cell suspensions of the indica rice cvs. br26 and pajam, and their re-establishment in aa2 medium, reflected a requirement for such supplementation of the ...	2015	11788878
pregrowth-desiccation: a simple and efficient procedure for the cryopreservation of rice (oryza sativa l.) embryogenic suspension cells.	rice embryogenic suspension cells were successfully cryopreserved by a pregrowth-desiccation procedure. cells were precultured in liquid aa medium containing 0.175 mol/l sucrose for 3 d and then in liquid aa medium containing 0.4 mol/l sorbitol for 1 d. after air-drying for about 20 h to a water content of 10%, the cells were placed into cryotubes and quenched into liquid nitrogen. using this pregrowth-desiccation procedure, a survival rate of 96+/-6% (ttc reduction assay) or 100% (cell clump re ...	2015	11788862
the dual effect of antifreeze protein on cryopreservation of rice (oryza sativa l.) embryogenic suspension cells.	the effects of fish antifreeze protein afp-i on cryopreservation of rice suspension cells by three different protocols were investigated. during the two-step method, afp-i at 0.01 mg/ml significantly lowered the viability of both precultured and non-precultured cells. during the vitrification method, afp-i at 0.2 mg/ml improved the viability of suboptimally thawed cells; however, much higher doses of this protein (10mg/ml) attenuated the cell viability. during rapid freezing of rice cells in the ...	2015	11788857