Publications

comparative evaluation of bact/alert 3d and bactec systems for the recovery of pathogens causing bloodstream infections.	to compare bact/alert (bta) and bactec 9240 (bac), two continuously monitoring automated blood culture systems, for the recovery of bloodstream pathogens and standard media available for these systems.	2006	16651840
effect of different cleaning regimens on recovery of clostridium perfringens on poultry live haul containers.	clostridium perfringens is important to both poultry producers and humans. the excretion rate of pathogenic foodborne bacteria increases after live haul; however, the majority of research into flock cross-contamination has been performed on salmonella and campylobacter. research into the sources of c. perfringens in poultry operations have implied that dirty transport containers do harbor this organism and, therefore, can potentially contaminate subsequent flocks. the objectives of this study we ...	2006	16673771
the bacterial quality of red meat and offal in casablanca (morocco).	the present study aimed to evaluate the bacteriological quality of beef (n = 52), lamb (n = 52) and beef offal (n = 52) marketed in casablanca, morocco. meat and offal samples (n = 156), were collected randomly from butcheries, supermarkets, and slaughterhouses. two sampling periods were considered, one during the hot season and the second one during the cold season. the samples were analyzed for the presence of the following bacteria: escherichia coli, coagulase-positive staphylococcus, clostri ...	2006	16676376
regulation of toxin and bacteriocin gene expression in clostridium by interchangeable rna polymerase sigma factors.	the production of major extracellular toxins by pathogenic strains of clostridium botulinum, clostridium tetani and clostridium difficile, and a bacteriocin by clostridium perfringens is dependent on a related group of rna polymerase sigma-factors. these sigma-factors (botr, tetr, tcdr and uvia) were shown to be sufficiently similar that they could substitute for one another in in vitro dna binding and run-off transcription experiments. in cells, however, the sigma-factors fell into two subclass ...	2006	16677313
site-related airborne biological hazard and seasonal variations in two wastewater treatment plants.	results of a study conducted to assess the degree of airborne bacterial contamination generated by two wastewater treatment plants (wwtp) with different treatment systems and evaluate the dispersion of potential pathogens, have been described. aerosols samples were collected in summer and winter with an agar impact sampler from several plant sites. external upwind and downwind controls were also examined. total colony-forming counts of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and stre ...	2006	16678881
environmental survey for four pathogenic bacteria and closely related species using phylogenetic and functional genes.	bacterial species with high dna sequence similarity to pathogens could affect the specificity of assays designed to detect biological threat agents in environmental samples. the natural presence of four pathogenic bacteria, bacillus anthracis, clostridium perfringens, francisella tularensis, and yersinia pestis and their closely related species, was determined for a large collection of soil and aerosol samples. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and gene sequencing were used using group-specific 16 ...	2006	16696701
predictive model for growth of clostridium perfringens in cooked cured pork.	mathematical models have been developed and used for predicting growth of foodborne pathogens in various food matrices. however, these early models either used microbiological media or other model systems to develop the predictive models. some of these models have been shown to be inaccurate for applications in meat and specific food matrices, especially under dynamic conditions, such as constantly changing temperatures that are encountered during food processing. the objective of this investiga ...	2006	16697066
microbiological and chemical properties of litter from different chicken types and production systems.	chicken litter is produced in large quantities from all types of poultry raising activities. it is primarily used for land application, thus it is essential to analyze its properties before it is released to the environment. the objective of this study is to compare the microbiological and chemical properties of litter generated from layer and broiler chickens reared under intensive and free-range production systems. the microbiological analysis consisted of the enumeration of total bacteria, to ...	2006	16697440
diet- and colonization-dependent intestinal dysfunction predisposes to necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs.	preterm birth and formula feeding are key risk factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) in infants, but little is known about intestinal conditions that predispose to disease. thus, structural, functional, and microbiologic indices were used to investigate the etiology of spontaneous nec development in preterm pigs.	2006	16697741
synthesis and evaluation of fluorogenic substrates for phospholipase d and phospholipase c.	fluorogenic analogues of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine, ddpb and lysoddpb, were synthesized by an enzyme-assisted strategy. the analogues were evaluated as substrates for phospholipases c and d and lysophospholipase d. ddpb was cleaved by bacterial and plant phospholipase d (pld) enzymes and represents the first direct fluorogenic substrate for real-time measurement of pld activity. both fluorogenic substrates have potential in screening for pld and pc-plc inhibitors and for mo ...	2006	16737317
genetic diversity of clostridium perfringens type a isolates from animals, food poisoning outbreaks and sludge.	clostridium perfringens, a serious pathogen, causes enteric diseases in domestic animals and food poisoning in humans. the epidemiological relationship between c. perfringens isolates from the same source has previously been investigated chiefly by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). in this study the genetic diversity of c. perfringens isolated from various animals, from food poisoning outbreaks and from sludge was investigated.	2006	16737528
investigating the role of small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasps) in the resistance of clostridium perfringens spores to heat.	clostridium perfringens type a food poisoning is caused by enterotoxigenic c. perfringens type a isolates that typically possess high spore heat-resistance. the molecular basis for c. perfringens spore heat-resistance remains unknown. in the current study, we investigated the role of small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasps) in heat-resistance of spores produced by c. perfringens food poisoning isolates.	2006	16759397
a new type of bacterial sulfatase reveals a novel maturation pathway in prokaryotes.	sulfatases are a highly conserved family of enzymes found in all three domains of life. to be active, sulfatases undergo a unique post-translational modification leading to the conversion of either a critical cysteine ("cys-type" sulfatases) or a serine ("ser-type" sulfatases) into a calpha-formylglycine (fgly). this conversion depends on a strictly conserved sequence called "sulfatase signature" (c/s)xpxr. in a search for new enzymes from the human microbiota, we identified the first sulfatase ...	2006	16766528
cns clostridium perfringens infection: a rare complication of preoperative embolization of meningioma.	gas gangrene is a severe form of gangrene (tissue death) that usually is caused by clostridium perfringens. it generally occurs at the site of trauma or a recent surgical wound. we report the case of a 45-year-old woman with sphenoid-ridged meningioma who received preoperative transarterial embolization with polyvinyl alcohol. the patient later developed an intratumoral c perfringens infection and died despite intensive medical care. the case represents an extremely rare complication following t ...	2006	16775296
real-time monitoring of the membrane-binding and insertion properties of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin anthrolysin o from bacillus anthracis.	bacillus anthracis has recently been shown to secrete a potently hemolytic/cytolytic protein that has been designated anthrolysin o (alo). in this work, we initiated a study of this potential anthrax virulence factor in an effort to understand the membrane-binding properties of this protein. recombinant anthrolysin o (ralo35-512) and two n-terminally truncated versions of alo (ralo390-512 and ralo403-512) from b. anthracis were overproduced in escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. the ro ...	2006	16775845
diarrhea and hyperammonemia in a horse with progressive neurologic signs.	a 2-year-old, quarter horse filly was referred to michigan state university, veterinary teaching hospital with a 2-3 day history of depression and partial anorexia progressing to severe, watery diarrhea with severe neurologic abnormalities, including repetitive muscle fasciculations, muscle stiffening, and collapse. laboratory findings included severe polycythemia, neutropenia, metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte and fluid loss, consistent with watery diarrhea and endotoxic shock. increased crea ...	2006	16783724
rapid detection of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens by real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer pcr.	clostridium perfringens is one of the etiologic agents of gas gangrene that can occur when a wound is contaminated with soil. type a c. perfringens can cause foodborne and nonfoodborne gastrointestinal illnesses due to an enterotoxin (cpe) produced by some strains during sporulation. we developed a quantitative real-time pcr assay based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization chemistry that targets the c. perfringens-specific phospholipase c (plc) gene and the enterotoxigenic gen ...	2006	16786856
the conjugative transposon tn5397 has a strong preference for integration into its clostridium difficile target site.	tn5397 is a conjugative transposon, originally isolated from clostridium difficile. the tn5397 transposase tndx is related to the phage-encoded serine integrases and the clostridium perfringens tn4451 transposase tnpx. tndx is required for the insertion and excision of the transposon. tn5397 inserts at one locus, attb(cd), in c. difficile but at multiple sites in bacillus subtilis. apart from a conserved 5' ga dinucleotide at the recombination site, there appears to be little sequence conservati ...	2006	16788196
functional identification of conjugation and replication regions of the tetracycline resistance plasmid pcw3 from clostridium perfringens.	clostridium perfringens causes fatal human infections, such as gas gangrene, as well as gastrointestinal diseases in both humans and animals. detailed molecular analysis of the tetracycline resistance plasmid pcw3 from c. perfringens has shown that it represents the prototype of a unique family of conjugative antibiotic resistance and virulence plasmids. we have identified the pcw3 replication region by deletion and transposon mutagenesis and showed that the essential rep gene encoded a basic pr ...	2006	16788202
asteropine a, a sialidase-inhibiting conotoxin-like peptide from the marine sponge asteropus simplex.	marine sponges contain structurally intriguing and biologically active peptides of nonribosomal peptide synthase origin, often containing amino acids with novel structures. here we report the discovery of asteropine a (apa), a cystine knot to be isolated from marine sponges. the solution structure of apa as determined by nmr belongs to the four-loop class of cystine knots similar to those of some conotoxins and spider toxins. however, the highly negatively charged surface of apa is uncommon amon ...	2006	16793514
identification of a cross-reactive hla-drb1*0301-restricted cd4 t cell response directed against cholesterol-binding cytolysins from two different pathogens.	cholesterol-binding cytolysins constitute an evolutionarily conserved family of pore-forming proteins expressed by different gram-positive pathogens. listeriolysin o, one well-characterized member of the cytolysin family, is also known to induce specific cd4 and cd8 t cell responses upon infection of mice with listeria monocytogenes. here we describe an hla-drb10301-restricted listeriolysin o-derived t cell epitope that is conserved among several members of the cytolysin family. an hla-drb1030 ...	2006	16798043
enhancement of cd8 t-cell function through modifying surface glycoproteins in young and old mice.	previous work from our laboratory has shown that modifying cell surface glycosylation with either a clostridium perfringens-derived sialidase (cp-siase), or an o-linked glycoprotein endopeptidase (osge) can enhance the function of cd4 t cells from both young and old mice at multiple levels. here we have re-assessed the effect of age on cd8 t-cell function, and examined the outcome of enzymatic treatment with cp-siase and osge on its different aspects. pre-treatment of cd8 t cells with either cp- ...	2006	16805788
are toxic contaminants accumulating in massachusetts coastal sediments following startup of the massachusetts bay outfall: a comprehensive comparison of baseline and post-diversion periods.	the massachusetts water resources authority (mwra) conducts monitoring to address concerns related to the 2000 diversion of secondarily treated effluent discharge into massachusetts bay. baseline data (1992-2000) showed multiple regions defined by physical and chemical composition. near the massachusetts bay outfall, there is a series of heterogeneous sediments in relatively close proximity to the primary historic source of contaminants (boston harbor). farfield sediments exhibited greater compo ...	2006	16806283
comparison of the concentrations of phenolic compounds in olive oils and other plant oils: correlation with antimicrobial activity.	the antimicrobial activity of different edible vegetable oils was studied. in vitro results revealed that the oils from olive fruits had a strong bactericidal action against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, this effect being higher in general against gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria. thus, olive oils showed bactericidal activity not only against harmful bacteria of the intestinal microbiota (clostridium perfringens and escherichia coli) also against beneficial microorganisms such as ...	2006	16819902
further comparison of temperature effects on growth and survival of clostridium perfringens type a isolates carrying a chromosomal or plasmid-borne enterotoxin gene.	clostridium perfringens type a isolates can carry the enterotoxin gene (cpe) on either their chromosome or a plasmid, but food poisoning isolates usually have a chromosomal cpe gene. this linkage between chromosomal cpe isolates and food poisoning has previously been attributed, at least in part, to better high-temperature survival of chromosomal cpe isolates than of plasmid cpe isolates. in the current study we assessed whether vegetative cells and spores of chromosomal cpe isolates also surviv ...	2006	16820444
massive intravascular haemolysis with t-activation and disseminated intravascular coagulation due to clostridial sepsis.		2006	16822287
skewed genomic variability in strains of the toxigenic bacterial pathogen, clostridium perfringens.	clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, anaerobic spore-forming bacterium commonly found in soil, sediments, and the human gastrointestinal tract. c. perfringens is responsible for a wide spectrum of disease, including food poisoning, gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis), enteritis necroticans, and non-foodborne gastrointestinal infections. the complete genome sequences of clostridium perfringens strain atcc 13124, a gas gangrene isolate and the species type strain, and the enterotoxin-pro ...	2006	16825665
microbial community composition of the ileum and cecum of broiler chickens as revealed by molecular and culture-based techniques.	the microbial communities of the ileum and cecum of broiler chickens from a conventional and an organic farm were investigated using conventional culture techniques as well as cloning and sequencing of 16s rrna genes. eighty-five percent of the 557 cloned sequences were <97% related to known cultured species. the chicken ileum was dominated by lactobacilli, whereas the cecum harbored a more diverse microbial community. the cecum was dominated by a large group of bacteria with hitherto no close c ...	2006	16830854
clostridium perfringens alpha toxin affects electrophysiological properties of isolated jejunal mucosa of laying hens.	bacteria that colonize the intestinal tract can invade epithelial cells or produce toxins that cause diarrhoeal diseases. proliferation of clostridium perfringens and production of alpha-toxin, a phospholipase c, is the major factor for necrotic enteritis in poultry. however, little is known about the functional importance of luminal alpha-toxin during intestinal infection. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of purified alpha toxin of clostridium perfringens on the electrop ...	2006	16830872
sialidase enhances spinal axon outgrowth in vivo.	the adult cns is an inhibitory environment for axon outgrowth, severely limiting recovery from traumatic injury. this limitation is due, in part, to endogenous axon regeneration inhibitors (aris) that accumulate at cns injury sites. aris include myelin-associated glycoprotein, nogo, oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (cspgs). some aris bind to specific receptors on the axon growth cone to halt outgrowth. reversing or blocking the actions of aris may promot ...	2006	16847268
evaluation of different fluids for detection of clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin in sheep with experimental enterotoxemia.	enterotoxemia caused by clostridium perfringens type d is a highly lethal disease of sheep, goats and other ruminants. the diagnosis of this condition is usually confirmed by detection of epsilon toxin, a major exotoxin produced by c. perfringens types b and d, in the intestinal content of affected animals. it has been suggested that other body fluids can also be used for detection of epsilon toxin. this study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of intestinal content versus other body fluid ...	2006	16857397
control of clostridium perfringens in cooked ground beef by carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, or oregano oil during chilling.	inhibition of clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth by carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and oregano oil was evaluated during abusive chilling of cooked ground beef (75% lean) obtained from a local grocery store. test substances were mixed into thawed ground beef at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% (wt/wt) along with a heat-activated three-strain c. perfringens spore cocktail to obtain final spore concentrations of ca. 2.8 log spores per g. aliquots (5 g) of the ground ...	2006	16865884
physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic profiles of greek table olives from retail outlets.	the physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic profile of different commercial table olive products from retail outlets was studied. average ph values were 4.00, 3.96, and 4.31 for spanish-style green, naturally black, and dry-salted olives, respectively, while salt content was 6.21, 7.34, and 8.00% for the same commercial products. mean values for titratable acidity were 0.53 and 0.63% (wt/vol) for green and naturally black olives. in general, mean values for ph, titratable acidity, and ...	2006	16865913
in vitro activities of daptomycin, vancomycin, and penicillin against clostridium difficile, c. perfringens, finegoldia magna, and propionibacterium acnes.	daptomycin has in vitro activity against gram-positive anaerobic bacteria, although limited numbers of species have been tested. we studied the in vitro activities of daptomycin, vancomycin, and penicillin against more than 100 strains each of clostridium difficile, c. perfringens, finegoldia magna, and propionibacterium acnes. daptomycin etest mics and results from time-kill studies were determined for selected strains. for 392 of 421 strains (93%), daptomycin was inhibitory at < or =1 microg/m ...	2006	16870765
in vitro activities of dalbavancin and 12 other agents against 329 aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive isolates recovered from diabetic foot infections.	tests of dalbavancin's in vitro activity against 209 aerobic and 120 anaerobic isolates from pretreatment diabetic foot infections showed an mic(90) of < or =0.125 microg/ml against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa), methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), and 120 anaerobes (clostridium perfringens, other clostridia, peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus, finegoldia magna, and anaerococcus prevotii), compared to respective mic(90)s for mssa and mrsa of 0.5 and 1 microg/ml for vancomy ...	2006	16870792
effect of neuraminidase on adherence of pseudomonas aeruginosa to human buccal epithelial cells. inhibition of adhesion by monosaccharides.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the actiion of clostridium perfringens neuraminidase on the adherence of 28 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa which were isolated from humans, different animals and environment to human buccal epithelial cells (becs). two reference strainns--nctc 6749 and atcc 27853 were also examined. incubation of cells with the enzyme significantly increased bacterial adherence (a mean number of bacteria adhering to cells amounted 19.62 +/- 9.20, for controls - 7.54 +/- 5 ...	2006	16878603
claudins: emerging targets for cancer therapy.	the claudin (cldn) family of transmembrane proteins plays a critical role in the maintenance of epithelial and endothelial tight junctions. in addition to their function in preserving the structure of tight junctions, cldns might also play a role in the maintenance of the cytoskeleton and in cell signalling. interestingly, several studies have recently reported specific cldn family members to be overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer types. although their functional role in cancer progression ...	2006	16887048
clostridium perfringens: insight into virulence evolution and population structure.	clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen in veterinary and medical fields. diseases caused by this organism are in many cases life threatening or fatal. at the same time, it is part of the ecological community of the intestinal tract of man and animals. virulence in this species is not fully understood and it does seem that there is erratic distribution of the toxin/enzyme genes within c. perfringens population. we used the recently developed multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat ...	2006	16701609
immunization with an alphatoxin variant 121a/91-r212h protects mice against clostridium perfringens alphatoxin.	as shown previously, a recombinant alphatoxin variant (rat121a/91) constructed from the naturally occurring clostridium perfringens mutant strain 121a/91, was devoid of enzymatic (plc), hemolytic and lethal activity (18). in the present study, the recombinant variant was altered by an oligonucleotide-directed reversion of an arginine in position 212 for a histidine residue, corresponding to the sequence of the wild-type alphatoxin. the new variant rat121a/91r212h proved to be negative in enzymat ...	2006	16701610
changes of gut microbiota and immune markers during the complementary feeding period in healthy breast-fed infants.	little is known about changes in intestinal microbiota during the important period of complementary feeding (weaning). this descriptive study investigated changes of selected gut microbiota and markers of gut permeability and the immune system in breast fed infants during the complementary feeding period.	2006	16707969
intravascular hemolysis as a complication of clostridium perfringens sepsis.		2006	16710038
inorganic phosphate induces spore morphogenesis and enterotoxin production in the intestinal pathogen clostridium perfringens.	clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is an important virulence factor for food poisoning and non-food borne gastrointestinal (gi) diseases. although cpe production is strongly regulated by sporulation, the nature of the signal(s) triggering sporulation remains unknown. here, we demonstrated that inorganic phosphate (pi), and not ph, constitutes an environmental signal inducing sporulation and cpe synthesis. in the absence of pi-supplementation, c. perfringens displayed a spo0a phenotype, i. ...	2006	16714597
isolation and identification of mixed linked beta -glucan degrading bacteria in the intestine of broiler chickens and partial characterization of respective 1,3-1,4-beta -glucanase activities.	media with 1,3-1,4-beta -glucans as selective markers were used for isolation of non-starch-polysaccharide (nsp) degrading bacteria from the intestinal tract of broiler chicken. formerly unknown 1,3-1,4-beta endoglucanase activities in various bacterial species were identified in this study. e. faecium , streptococcus , bacteroides and clostridium strains seem to be responsible for degradation of mixed linked beta -glucans in the small intestine and in the hind gut of chickens. strict anaerobic ...	2006	16721874
differential gene expression profiles between tumor biopsies and short-term primary cultures of ovarian serous carcinomas: identification of novel molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapy.	to identify novel molecular biomarkers useful for the early diagnosis and therapy of ovarian cancer by gene expression profiling. to compare the genetic fingerprints of flash-frozen ovarian serous carcinomas to those of matched highly purified primary tumor cell cultures.	2006	16725184
enumeration of specific bacterial populations in complex intestinal communities using quantitative pcr based on the chaperonin-60 target.	we used qpcr and the target gene chaperonin-60 (cpn60) to enumerate clostridium perfringens genomes in dna extracts from contents of the chicken gastrointestinal tract with the aim of optimizing this methodology to enumerate any bacterium of interest. to determine the most accurate protocols for determining target species abundance, we compared various dna extraction methods in combination with four methods for producing standard curves. factors affecting accuracy included the co-purification of ...	2006	16112762
infectious agents associated with epizootic rabbit enteropathy: isolation and attempts to reproduce the syndrome.	epizootic rabbit enteropathy (ere), a highly lethal (30-80% mortality) disease of broiler rabbits aged 6-14 weeks, first appeared in 1997 in french intensive enclosed rabbitries and is of unknown aetiology. bacteriological, virological and parasitical examination of the intestinal contents of rabbits that had died either in spontaneous field cases or after experimental reproduction of ere, were undertaken in an attempt to identify infectious agents that may play a role in the disease. two bacter ...	2006	16154367
preparation of a claudin-targeting molecule using a c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.	although most malignant tumors are epithelia-derived carcinomas, methods for specific and effective delivery of antitumor agents to carcinomas have not been developed. recent reports indicate that epithelia overexpress claudin-3 and -4, which are integral membrane proteins of epithelial tight junctions. this suggests that claudins can be targeted for tumor therapy, but there is not currently a method for delivering drugs to claudin-expressing cells. in the present study, we evaluated whether a p ...	2006	16183701
metabolic activation of bladder procarcinogens, 2-aminofluorene, 4-aminobiphenyl, and benzidine by pseudomonas aeruginosa and other human endogenous bacteria.	pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen of the human urinary tract, and other selected human endogenous bacteria were investigated for metabolic activation of the bladder procarcinogens, 2-aminofluorene (2-af), 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ab), and benzidine (bz). the cell-free extracts of pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus saprophyticus, klebsiella pneumoniae, and intestinal anaerobes, ...	2006	16203120
chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from the leaves of sesuvium portulacastrum.	sesuvium portulacastrum has long been used as a remedy for fever and scurvy. hydrodistillation was used to extract the essential oil from the fresh leaves of sesuvium portulacastrum. the essential oil yield obtained was 0.15%. using gc-ms analysis, alpha-pinene, camphene, beta-pinene, alpha-terpinene, o-cymene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, alpha-terpinene, bornyl acetate, tridecane, trans-caryophyllene and alpha-humulene were identified. the hole plate diffusion method was used for antibacterial testi ...	2006	16243465
modeling and predicting non-isothermal microbial growth using general purpose software.	published experimental isothermal growth curves of clostridium perfringens cells in ground ham were fitted with a modified three-parameter version of the logistic equation as a primary model and the temperature dependence of the three parameters by ad hoc empirical secondary models. these were used to predict the organism's non-isothermal growth curves under three different cooling regimes. the assumption has been that the organism's instantaneous (or momentary) non-isothermal growth rate is the ...	2006	16226331
building a successful structural motif into sialylmimetics-cyclohexenephosphonate monoesters as pseudo-sialosides with promising inhibitory properties.	a variable synthesis of a new class of sialylmimetics which provides access to pseudo-sialosides containing the successful cyclohexene motif in the sialic acid mimicking part has been developed. the d- and l-xylo cyclohexenephosphonate scaffolds allow attachment of selected aglycons or aglycon mimetics via mixed phosphonate diester strategies and some target compounds thus synthesized displayed promising inhibitory properties when tested with parasitic or bacterial sialidases.	2006	16230015
role of tyrosine-57 and -65 in membrane-damaging and sphingomyelinase activities of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin.	clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin (370 residues) is a major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene. the toxin is composed of an n-terminal domain (1-250 residues) where lies the catalytic site and a c-terminal domain (251-370 residues), the ca(2+)-binding domain, responsible for binding to membranes. the role of tyr-57 and tyr-65 close to the catalytic pocket (site) in the n-domain was investigated. replacement of tyr-57 and -65 with alanine, leucine, or phenylalanine did not aff ...	2006	16278077
live attenuated vaccine-based control of necrotic enteritis of broiler chickens.	a vaccine for necrotic enteritis (ne) of chickens would reduce the current need to prevent or treat the disease in broiler chickens with antimicrobial drugs. the objective of this study was to understand aspects of immunity to the disease. the first experiment examined the virulence of six strains of clostridium perfringens isolated from cases of ne in broiler chickens. using a 5-day experimental oral infection of 2-week-old broiler chickens, four of the six strains were found to be virulent. pu ...	2006	16289639
suppressive effect of clostridium perfringens-produced heat-stable substance(s) on proliferation of human colon adenocarcinoma ht29 cells in culture.	clostridium perfringens has been regarded as one of the intestinal bacteria increasing colon cancer risk. in previous studies, we have shown that the oral administration of c. perfringens culture medium can inhibit the mutagen-induced formation of pre-neoplastic lesions in rat colon, thus proposing the existence of factor(s) preventing colon tumorigenesis in this culture medium. however, the properties of effective factor(s) and the mechanism of this inhibitory action still remain to be investig ...	2006	16300879
spontaneous, nontraumatic gas gangrene due to clostridium perfringens.		2006	16310394
congener specific polychlorinated biphenyl metabolism by human intestinal microbe clostridium species: comparison with human liver cell line-hepg2.	polychlorobiphenyls (pcbs), which adversely affect human fetal and infant development, are endocrine disrupter and cause neurological disorders. they may also be carcinogenic. it is not known whether these effects are due to whole pcbs or to its metabolites, produced by the human gastrointestinal system primarily the liver and/or by intestinal microbes such as clostridium sp. the available data show that clostridium perfringens, the most prominent species of clostridium occurs in the human gut. ...	2006	25838614
a case of clostridium perfringens septicemia with fatal hemolytic complication.	massive intravascular hemolysis secondary to clostridium perfringens septicemia is rare but often fatal. we report a case of a fatal clostridial hemolytic complication in a 71-year-old woman with probable refractory anemia. the patient was admitted to the emergency room due to a comatose mental state and a high fever. laboratory analysis showed massive hemolysis. she died from severe anemia two hours after admission. the next day, blood cultures grew gram positive cocci and boxcarshaped gram pos ...	2006	18156751
microbiological quality of groundwater sources used by rural communities in limpopo province, south africa.	a survey of the microbiological quality of water from 194 boreholes (97 privately owned and 97 communal boreholes) in the rural thitale-hlanganani area of the limpopo province, south africa was carried out between august 2002 and august 2003. very little information on the microbiological quality of privately-owned boreholes in rural communities is available raising concerns about the safety of these groundwater supplies. in this study, levels of total coliforms, thermotolerant (faecal) coliform ...	2006	17302341
[neonatal diarrhoea in pigs: alpha- and beta2-toxin produced by clostridium perfringens].	since 2001 the pig health unit of utrecht university has been consulted by various pig farms regarding neonatal diarrhoea. when preventive measures against e. coli-induced diarrhoea had no or limited results, the diarrhoeic piglets were investigated further. the microbiological and pathological findings were indicative of infection with clostridium perfringens. toxin typing by polymerase chain reaction led to the detection of genes encoding a-toxin (cpa) and beta2-toxin (cpb2). surprisingly, alp ...	2006	17278609
humans as reservoir for enterotoxin gene--carrying clostridium perfringens type a.	we found a prevalence of 18% for enterotoxin gene-carrying (cpe+) clostridium perfringens in the feces of healthy food handlers by pcr and isolated the organism from 11 of 23 pcr-positive persons by using hydrophobic grid membrane filter-colony hybridization. several different cpe genotypes were recovered. the prevalence was 3.7% for plasmidial is1151-cpe, 2.9% for plasmidial is1470-like-cpe, 0.7% for chromosomal is1470-cpe, and 1.5% for unknown cpe genotype. lateral spread of cpe between c. per ...	2006	17283623
effect of a bacteriocin produced by pediococcus acidilactici against listeria monocytogenes and clostridium perfringens on spanish raw meat.	the inhibitory effect of a bacteriocin, produced by pediococcus acidilactici, against listeria monocytogenes and clostridium perfringens on spanish raw meat surface, was evaluated by in situ assays. samples were incubated with the bacteriocin and then with a culture of the pathogenic bacteria. the treatment with 500, 1000 or 5000 bacteriocin units/ml (bu/ml) reduced the counts of l. monocytogenes after storage at 15°c during 72h by 1, 2 or 3 log cycles and with 1000 or 5000 bu/ml after storage a ...	2006	22061374
microbiological quality of ready-to-eat foods: results from a long-term surveillance program (1995 through 2003).	the coordination of food sampling activities across wales, a part of the united kingdom with a population of approximately 3 million, led to the establishment in 1995 of a coordinated food-sampling program designed to monitor on a long-term basis the microbiological quality and safety of specific ready-to-eat products. this surveillance system has been ongoing for 9 years and has generated a database of microbiological and associated demographic results for 15,228 ready-to-eat food samples. the ...	2005	21132974
the death of buddha: a medical enquiry.	the death of the buddha (siddhartha gautama) has been depicted widely in buddhist iconography. the buddha is generally shown with a serene or smiling expression, lying on his right side and resting his head on his right hand. the dates of buddha's life traditionally are given as 566-486 bc. buddha died from an illness, the nature of which remains unsettled. the present paper examines a variety of sources and concludes that it was tainted pork that led to his demise. he succumbed to the disease p ...	2005	19813312
detection and quantification of four species of the genus clostridium in infant feces.	to determine the composition of clostridium in the feces of infants approximately 30 days old, we have developed a detection and quantification method of clostridium paraputrificum, clostridium perfringens, clostridium tertium, and clostridium difficile by species-specific primers. c. perfringens and c. difficile were detected in four fecal samples from 22 infants (18.2%), whereas c. paraputrificum was detected in three samples (16.7%). c. tertium was detected in two samples (9.1%). moreover, th ...	2005	16301809
antimicrobial resistance among clostridium perfringens isolated from various sources in thailand.	antimicrobial resistance among clostnridium perfringens isolated from feces of humans and pigs, food and other environmental sources was examined by testing of 201 pcr-confirmed strains for resistance to 7 antimicrobial agents. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined by the agar dilution method. overall, c. perfringens showed the highest resistance to tetracycline (56.2%), followed by imipenem (24.9%), metronidazole (9.5%), penicillin g (9%), vancomycin (4.5%), chloramphenic ...	2005	16295551
transport of ms2 phage, escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, cryptosporidium parvum, and giardia intestinalis in a gravel and a sandy soil.	to define protection zones around groundwater abstraction wells and safe setback distances for artificial recharge systems in watertreatment, quantitative information is needed about the removal of microorganisms during soil passage. column experiments were conducted using natural soil and water from an infiltration site with fine sandy soil and a river bank infiltration site with gravel soil. the removal of phages, bacteria, bacterial spores, and protozoan (oo)-cysts was determined at two veloc ...	2005	16295848
clostridium perfringens enterotoxin damages the human intestine in vitro.	in vitro, clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) binds to human ileal epithelium and induces morphological damage concurrently with reduced short-circuit current, transepithelial resistance, and net water absorption. cpe also binds to the human colon in vitro but causes only slight morphological and transport changes that are not statistically significant.	2005	16299340
aerobic spore-forming bacteria for assessing quality of drinking water produced from surface water.	cryptosporidium and giardia represent a major microbiological issue for drinking water production from surface water. as their monitoring through a treatment process is rather tedious and as low-concentration goals should be reached for drinking water, aerobic spore-forming bacteria (asfb) have been studied as an indicator microorganism for a drinking water treatment plant using surface water. the results reveal that monitoring naturally occurring asfb better highlights daily achievable performa ...	2005	16280148
epsilon-toxin is required for most clostridium perfringens type d vegetative culture supernatants to cause lethality in the mouse intravenous injection model.	clostridium perfringens type d enterotoxemias have significant economic impact by causing rapid death of several domestic animal species. consequently, domestic animals are commonly vaccinated, at varying efficacy, with inactivated type d vegetative supernatants. improved type d vaccines might become possible if the lethal toxins produced by type d isolates were characterized and the contributions of those toxins to supernatant-induced lethality were established. therefore, the current study eva ...	2005	16239541
helical crystallization on nickel-lipid nanotubes: perfringolysin o as a model protein.	to facilitate purification and subsequent structural studies of recombinant proteins the most widely used genetically encoded tag is the histidine tag (his-tag) which specifically binds to n-nitrilotriacetic-acid-chelated nickel ions. lipids derivatized with a nickel-chelating head group can be mixed with galactosylceramide glycolipids to prepare lipid nanotubes that bind his-tagged proteins. in this study, we use his-tagged perfringolysin o (pfo), a soluble toxin secreted by the bacterial patho ...	2005	16242343
determination of the effect of single abomasal or jejunal inoculation of clostridium perfringens type a in dairy cows.	a randomized study was conducted to determine if inoculation of the abomasum or jejunum with clostridium perfringens type a would induce jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in healthy cows. twelve adult nonlactating dairy cows were inoculated with 10 ml of pure culture broth of c. perfringens type a (beta2 toxin positive) into the abomasum (n = 6) or jejunum (n = 6). on day 6, the cows were euthanized and samples for culture were taken from the abomasum, jejunum, and feces. no cows developed clinical si ...	2005	16231652
a characterization of anaerobic colonization and associated mucosal adaptations in the undiseased ileal pouch.	the resolution of pouchitis with metronidazole points to an anaerobic aetiology. pouchitis is mainly seen in patients with ulcerative colitis pouches (ucp). we have recently found that sulphate reducing bacteria (srb), a species of strict anaerobe, colonize ucp exclusively. herein, we aimed to correlate levels of different bacterial species (including srb) with mucosal inflammation and morphology.	2005	16232236
[study of real-time pcr assays for rapid detection of food-borne pathogens].	a duplex real-time sybr green lightcycler pcr (lc-pcr) assay with dna extraction using qiaamp dna stool minikit was evaluated for detection of 8 of 19 species of food-borne pathogens, including plesiomonas shigelloides, providencia alcalifaciens, in five stool specimens. the time frame was within 2h or less. the protocol used the same lc-pcr with 22 pairs of specific primers. the rapid amplification and reliable detection of specific genes were determined by this lc-pcr assay from 10 cases of fo ...	2005	16248373
sublumbar abscess and diskospondylitis in a cat.	diskospondylitis is uncommon in cats. we describe a cat with diskospondylitis of the l7-s1 intervertebral disk, and a concurrent sublumbar abscess. radiographic, computed tomographic and ultrasonographic findings are presented. aerobic and anaerobic cultures of blood and spinal fluid yielded no growth. aerobic and anaerobic urine cultures resulted in growth of an enterococcus sp. and clostridium perfringens, respectively. the cat was successfully treated with enrofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavula ...	2005	16250397
prevalence of clostridium difficile toxins a and b and clostridium perfringens enterotoxin a in stool samples of patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea.	antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) is a major nosocomial as well as a community health problem. clostridium difficile toxins (cdt) can be detected in only 10-25% of patients with aad. the role of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin a (cpent) as a cause of aad remains to be elucidated. we, therefore, prospectively investigated the prevalences of both cpent and cdt in stool samples of patients with aad.	2005	16258864
clostridium perfringens toxin-types in lambs and kids affected with gastroenteric pathologies in italy.	a study was carried out in the south of italy to assess the role of clostridia in neonatal diseases of lambs and kids. eighty-seven lambs and 15 kids belonging to 25 flocks were examined and clostridium perfringens was the microorganism most commonly identified. c. perfringens isolates were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), in order to determine the prevalence of the genes cpa, cpb, cpb2, etx, iap and cpe. the most prevalent toxin-type of c. perfringens was found to be type a found in ...	2005	16266848
use of active substances of plant origin in chicken diets based on maize and locally grown cereals.	1. a total of 336 hubbard hi-y broiler hybrids were fed from d 1-41 on diets based on maize or wheat and barley which were supplemented (or not) with 100 mg/kg plant extract consisting of capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol. 2. body weight was not enhanced, but feed conversion improved by 4.2% on the maize diet and 2.0% on the wheat and barley diet. 3. plant extract addition enhanced the breast muscle proportion of empty body weight by 1.2% in comparison to control birds. 4. the apparent ile ...	2005	16268107
construction of an alpha toxin gene knockout mutant of clostridium perfringens type a by use of a mobile group ii intron.	in developing clostridium perfringens as a safe vaccine vector, the alpha toxin gene (plc) in the bacterial chromosome must be permanently inactivated. disrupting genes in c. perfringens by traditional mutagenesis methods is very difficult. therefore, we developed a new strategy using group ii intron-based target-tron technology to inactivate the plc gene in c. perfringens atcc 3624. western blot analysis showed no production of alpha toxin protein in the culture supernatant of the plc mutant. a ...	2005	16269799
comparison of the levels of heat resistance of wild-type, cpe knockout, and cpe plasmid-cured clostridium perfringens type a strains.	an enterotoxin (cpe) plasmid was cured from a clostridium perfringens non-food-borne gastrointestinal disease (nfbgid) isolate, and the heat resistance levels of wild-type, cpe knockout, and cpe plasmid-cured strains were compared. our results demonstrated that (i) wild-type cpe has no influence in mediating high-level heat resistance in c. perfringens and (ii) the cpe plasmid does not confer heat sensitivity on nfbgid isolates.	2005	16269817
lung isolation in a child with unilateral necrotizing clostridium perfringens pneumonia.	to describe lung isolation and the selective application of continuous positive airway pressure using an endobronchial blocker in a patient with sickle cell disease and unilateral necrotizing clostridium perfringens pneumonia.	2005	16276197
concentrations of pathogens and indicators in animal feces in the sydney watershed.	a fecal analysis survey was undertaken to quantify animal inputs of pathogenic and indicator microorganisms in the temperate watersheds of sydney, australia. the feces from a range of domestic animals and wildlife were analyzed for the indicator bacteria fecal coliforms and clostridium perfringens spores, the pathogenic protozoa cryptosporidium and giardia, and the enteric viruses adenovirus, enterovirus, and reovirus. pathogen and fecal indicator concentrations were generally higher in domestic ...	2005	16204506
human parainfluenza virus 3 neuraminidase activity contributes to dendritic cell maturation.	mechanisms of dendritic cells (dcs) immunomodulation by parainfluenza viruses have not been characterized. we analyzed whether the human parainfluenza 3 (hpf3) virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein (hn) might influence dc maturation. hn possesses a receptor binding function and a neuraminidase or desialidating activity. to assess whether the neuraminidase activity of hn affects dc maturation, human myeloid dcs were exposed to either live or uv-inactivated hpf3 viruses containing wild ty ...	2005	16212531
analysis of glycoside hydrolase family 98: catalytic machinery, mechanism and a novel putative carbohydrate binding module.	glycoside hydrolases (ghs) are diverse enzymes of biotechnological and medical importance. bioinformatics contributes to our understanding of gh structure and function in various ways, including dissection of their typically modular structures and detection of the distant evolutionary relationships between families that often allow for prediction of catalytic sites. here these twin strands are applied to the recently described gh98 family, the founder member of which is a blood group glycotope-c ...	2005	16212961
peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite effectiveness in reducing resistant stages of microorganisms.	a comparative study on the efficacy of peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite in inactivating resistant stages of microorganisms such as cryptosporidium, giardia and cl. perfingens was carried out. furthermore the evaluation of the potential reciprocal correlation among the concentrations of the organisms was performed. the results obtained indicate that, at the same experimental conditions, peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite have nearly similar reduction power against the resistant stages o ...	2005	16218334
lesions in the brains of three cattle resembling the lesions of enterotoxaemia in lambs.	a 3-month-old female angus calf was found dead, and two adult friesian dairy cows died soon after developing nervous signs. pathological findings: grossly, bilateral and mostly symmetrical areas of haemorrhage were evident that mainly involved areas of grey matter in the brainstem from the level of the caudal colliculi to the thalamus and, in one, the internal capsule and caudate nucleus. in the occipital and caudal parietal cortex, there was extensive oedema of white matter. histologically, in ...	2005	16220132
investigation of a syndrome of sudden death, splenomegaly, and small intestinal hemorrhage in farmed deer.	a newly recognized syndrome, characterized by sudden death of farmed deer that are in good to excellent nutritional condition, with lesions of small intestinal mucosal hemorrhage and splenomegaly, is described. other frequently observed lesions were small intestinal mucosal necrosis, abomasal hemorrhage, random hepatic necrosis, and multifocal hepatic congestion. clostridium perfringens type a was isolated in high numbers from the intestines of many of the deer affected by the syndrome; however, ...	2005	16187713
jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in dairy and beef cattle: 11 cases (2001 to 2003).	the medical records of 11 cattle with jejunal hemorrhage syndrome were reviewed. female and male, lactating and pregnant, dairy and beef cattle were affected. decreased feed intake and milk production, reduced amounts of dark feces, and abdominal discomfort were common historical findings. common clinical findings included depressed demeanor, a "ping" and fluid-splashing sounds over the right abdomen, melena, and distended loops of intestine on rectal palpation. surgery was done on 7 cases, 10 c ...	2005	16187715
pharmacodynamics of moxifloxacin against anaerobes studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model.	the antibacterial effects of moxifloxacin against bacteroides fragilis, clostridium perfringens, and gram-positive anaerobic cocci (gpac) were studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. initially, a dose-ranging study with area under the concentration-time curve (auc)/mic ratios of 6.7 to 890 was used to investigate the effect of anaerobic conditions on the auc/mic antibacterial effect (abe) relationship with escherichia coli. the auc/mic ratios for 50% and 90% effects, using a log cfu drop a ...	2005	16189103
evidence for clostridial implication in necrotizing enterocolitis through bacterial fermentation in a gnotobiotic quail model.	despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) remains elusive. the aim of our work was to investigate the role of bacterial strains involved in nec in gnotobiotic quails as experimental model. six groups of germ-free quails that were fed a lactose diet were associated with klebsiella pneumoniae, clostridium perfringens, c. difficile, c. paraputrificum, or c. butyricum (two strains). implantation level, incidence of cecal lesions, production of short-cha ...	2005	16189185
intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity.	coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis (ne) are globally common, sometimes intercurrent, diseases of poultry. the risk of ne, due to the gram-positive bacterium clostridium perfringens, has increased in recent years because of the voluntary or legally required withdrawal of the use of certain in-feed antibiotic growth promoters with anticlostridial activity. in-feed ionophorous anticoccidial drugs incidentally also possess anticlostridial activity. such ionophores, although not banned, are usually p ...	2005	16191699
unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed konjac glucomannans modulated cecal and fecal microflora in balb/c mice.	the prebiotic role of intact konjac glucomannan (kgm) is contradictory. short-chain glucomannan may cause a greater or faster effect on colonic microflora compared with kgm. therefore, time-course and dose-dependent studies were conducted to examine and compare effects of unhydrolyzed kgm with those of acid-hydrolyzed glucomannan (kh) on cecal and fecal microflora. short-chain fatty acid concentrations in cecal content were also determined.	2005	16157244
[emphysematous cystitis due to clostridium perfringens--a localised infection in a man with generalized melanoma].	emphysematous cystitis was found at autopsy of a 47-year-old man suffering from generalised malignant melanoma. bacteriological cultures from the urinary bladder showed escherichia coli, klebsiella sp. and clostridium perfringens type a, toxic strain. the histological examination revealed cystic dilatation of lymphatic vessels both in bladder mucosa and muscularis propria. there were multinucleated macrophages in the lining of some of these cystic spaces and a few gram-positive rods inside their ...	2005	16161456
validation of bacon processing conditions to verify control of clostridium perfringens and staphylococcus aureus.	it is unclear how rapidly meat products, such as bacon, that have been heat treated but not fully cooked should be cooled to prevent the outgrowth of spore-forming bacterial pathogens and limit the growth of vegetative cells. clostridium perfringens spores and vegetative cells and staphylococcus aureus cells were inoculated into ground cured pork bellies with and without 1.25% liquid smoke. bellies were subjected to the thermal profiles of industrial smoking to 48.9 degrees c (120 degrees f) and ...	2005	16161681
massive haemolysis because of clostridium perfringens [corrected] liver abscess in a patient on peritoneal dialysis.		2005	16173955
[deoxyribonuclease activity detection in clostridium chauvoei strains].	beta toxin of c. chauvoei has desoxiribonuclease (dnase) activity which is regarded as one of its virulence factors. the production of dnase was detected in strains isolated from bovines, using as controls c. chauvoei atcc 10092, and c. perfringens type a and c. septicum, both laboratory isolates. the enzyme activity was made evident on a dna substrate observing the macroscopic degradation. a simple methodology was developed using a commercial medium for dnase test, with the incorporation of ste ...	2005	16178463
inactivation and activity of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins: what structural studies tell us.	the homologous bacterially expressed cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs) form pores via oligomerization; this must occur preferentially once the target membrane has been engaged. conformational changes in cdcs then drive partition from an aqueous environment to a lipidic one. this review addresses how premature oligomerization is prevented, how conformational changes are triggered, and how cooperativity between subunits brings about new functionality absent from isolated protomers. variation ...	2005	16084382
inhibition of clostridium perfringens by a novel strain of bacillus subtilis isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy chickens.	the objectives of this study were to isolate beneficial strains of microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy chickens and to screen them against clostridium perfringens, a causative agent of necrotic enteritis in poultry. one of the bacteria isolated, a strain of bacillus subtilis, was found to possess an anticlostridial factor that could inhibit the c. perfringens atcc 13124 used in this study. the anticlostridial factor produced by b. subtilis pb6 was found to be fully or part ...	2005	16085801
role of c-terminal regions of the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in its interaction with claudin-4.	claudin family proteins, which contain 4 transmembrane domains, play a pivotal role in the barrier function of tight junctions (tjs) in epithelial sheets. we previously found that a modulator of claudin-4, the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe), is a potent enhancer of jejunal drug absorption in rats. but the effects of c-cpe on the barrier function of tjs have never been fully understood. in the present study, we investigated the effects of c-cpe on the barrier f ...	2005	16091298
a risk microbiological profile of the australian red meat industry: risk ratings of hazard-product pairings.	a risk profile of microbial hazards across the supply continuum for the beef, sheep and goat meat industries was developed using both a qualitative tool and a semi-quantitative, spreadsheet tool, risk ranger. the latter is useful for highlighting factors contributing to food safety risk and for ranking the risk of various product/pathogen combinations. in the present profile the qualitative tool was used as a preliminary screen for a wide range of hazard-product pairings while risk ranger was us ...	2005	16099063
incidence and clinical significance of anaerobic bacteraemia in cancer patients: a 6-year retrospective study.	recent studies have shown that anaerobes account for 0.5-9% of all episodes of bacteraemia in hospitalised patients, with variations according to geographical location and demographic characteristics, most notably age, but few data are available for cancer patients. this study investigated retrospectively the incidence of anaerobic bacteraemia in cancer patients who received non-surgical treatment over a 6-year period at a tertiary oncology centre. gastrointestinal (27%) and haematological (29%) ...	2005	16104987