Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| first implementation of frozen, capsulized faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent clostridium difficile infection into clinical practice in europe. | 2015 | 26163107 | |
| innate immune defenses mediated by two ilc subsets are critical for protection against acute clostridium difficile infection. | infection with the opportunistic enteric pathogen clostridium difficile is an increasingly common clinical complication that follows antibiotic treatment-induced gut microbiota perturbation. innate lymphoid cells (ilcs) are early responders to enteric pathogens; however, their role during c. difficile infection is undefined. to identify immune pathways that mediate recovery from c. difficile infection, we challenged c57bl/6, rag1(-/-) (which lack t and b cells), and rag2(-/-)il2rg(-/-) (ragγc(-/ ... | 2015 | 26159718 |
| the bug stops here: innate lymphoid cells in clostridium difficile infection. | the contribution of the innate immune response to the resolution of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) remains incompletely defined. in this issue of cell host & microbe, abt et al. demonstrated that innate lymphoid cells and the effector cytokine ifn-γ are important for recovery from the acute phase of cdi. | 2015 | 26159713 |
| clostridium difficile infections before and during use of ultraviolet disinfection. | we previously reported a significant decrease in hospital-acquired (ha) clostridium difficile infection (cdi) coincident with the introduction of pulsed xenon ultraviolet light for room disinfection (uvd). the purpose of this study was to evaluate cdi cases in greater detail to understand the effect of uvd. | 2015 | 26159499 |
| c. difficile infection: changing epidemiology and management paradigms. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has been rising in hospitals, long-term care facilities, and within the community. cases have been more severe with more complications, deaths, and higher healthcare-associated costs. with the emergence of a hypervirulent strain of c. difficile and the increasing prevalence of community-acquired cdi among healthy patients without traditional risk factors, the epidemiology of c. difficile has been evolving. this changing epidemiology requires ... | 2015 | 26158611 |
| clostridium difficile ribotypes in austria: a multicenter, hospital-based survey. | a prospective, noninterventional survey was conducted among clostridium difficile positive patients identified in the time period of july until october 2012 in 18 hospitals distributed across all nine austrian provinces. participating hospitals were asked to send stool samples or isolates from ten successive patients with c.difficile infection to the national clostridium difficile reference laboratory at the austrian agency for health and food safety for pcr-ribotyping and in vitro susceptibilit ... | 2015 | 26156942 |
| [research progress of fecal microbiota transplantation]. | intestinal microbial ecosystem is the most complex and the largest micro-ecosystem of the mammals. the use of antibiotics can lead to a lot of major changes of the flora, making the intestinal flora damaged and impacted, even developing clostridium difficile infection. fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) as a special organ transplant therapy, which can rebuild the intestinal flora, has raised the clinical concerns. it has been used in the refractory clostridium difficile, inflammatory bowel d ... | 2015 | 26211780 |
| probiotics for clostridium difficile infection in adults (pico): study protocol for a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. | clostridium difficile is a pathogen of rapidly increasing public health importance. an estimated quarter of a million clostridium difficile infections (cdi) occur in the united states annually, at a resultant cost of 14,000 deaths and 1 billion dollars. clostridium difficile related deaths have risen 400% over the last decade, and current standard antibiotic treatments are only 75 to 85% successful. besides increasing the risk of antibiotic resistance and side effects, these treatments are very ... | 2015 | 26210512 |
| clostridium difficile infections after blunt trauma: a different patient population? | the epidemiology of clostridium difficile-associated infection (cdi) has changed, and it is evident that susceptibility is related not only to exposures and bacterial potency, but host factors as well. several small studies have suggested that cdi after trauma is associated with a different patient phenotype. the purpose of this study was to examine and describe the epidemiologic factors associated with c. difficile in blunt trauma patients without traumatic brain injury using the trauma-related ... | 2015 | 26207402 |
| [fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent clostridium difficile infection. report of one case]. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has an incomparable efficacy to treat recurrent clostridium difficile infection, with near 90% of success. we report a 57 years old woman who developed an antibiotic associated diarrhea with a positive polymerase chain reaction test for clostridium difficile toxin. she was successfully treated with vancomycin trice but diarrhea recurred. therefore a fecal microbiota transplant was performed using solid stools from a relative, diluted in saline and instilled ... | 2015 | 26204547 |
| [treatment of a severe clostridium difficile infection with colonic lavages. report of one case]. | a loop ileostomy with intraoperative anterograde colonic lavage has been described as an alternative to colectomy in the management of cases of clostridium difficile infection refractory to medical treatment. we report a 69 years old diabetic women admitted with a septic shock. an abdominal cat scan showed a pan-colitis that seemed to be infectious. a polymerase chain reaction was positive for clostridium difficile. due to the failure to improve after full medical treatment, a derivative loop il ... | 2015 | 26203580 |
| risk factors for recurrent hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection in a japanese university hospital. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a highly prevalent hospital-associated infection. although most patients respond well to discontinuation of antibiotics, 20%-30% of patients relapse. to initiate early therapeutic measures, the risk factors for recurrent cdi must be identified, although very few japanese studies have used standard surveillance definitions to identify these risk factors. | 2015 | 26203270 |
| development and validation of digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for ultrasensitive detection and quantification of clostridium difficile toxins in stool. | the currently available diagnostics for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have major limitations. despite mounting evidence that toxin detection is paramount for diagnosis, conventional toxin immunoassays are insufficiently sensitive and cytotoxicity assays too complex; assays that detect toxigenic organisms (toxigenic culture [tc] and nucleic acid amplification testing [naat]) are confounded by asymptomatic colonization by toxigenic c. difficile. we developed ultrasensitive digital enzyme-l ... | 2015 | 26202120 |
| ipilimumab-associated colitis or refractory clostridium difficile infection? | we present a case of a patient with a diagnostic dilemma who was referred for possible faecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) for refractory diarrhoea secondary to clostridium difficile infection (cdi). on detailed history, the patient was exposed to ipilimumab concomitantly while being treated for cdi, and was instead diagnosed with diarrhoea secondary to superimposed ipilimumab-associated colitis. ipilimumab is an anti-ctla4 monoclonal antibody approved for use in metastatic melanoma and unde ... | 2015 | 26153295 |
| pathogenesis of clostridium difficile infection and its potential role in inflammatory bowel disease. | colonization with toxigenic clostridium difficile may be associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic carriage to mild diarrhea to life-threatening colitis. over the last 15 years, there has been a marked increase in the incidence of c. difficile infection, which predominantly affects elderly patients on antibiotics. more recently, there has been significant interest in the association between inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and c. difficile infection. this ... | 2015 | 26199993 |
| homozygosity for the e526v mutation in fibrinogen a alpha-chain amyloidosis: the first report. | systemic hereditary amyloidoses are autosomal dominant diseases associated with mutations in genes encoding ten different proteins. the clinical phenotype has implications on therapeutic approach, but it is commonly variable and largely dependent on the type of mutation. except for rare cases involving gelsolin or transthyretin, patients are heterozygous for the amyloidogenic variants. here we describe the first patient identified worldwide as homozygous for a nephropathic amyloidosis, involving ... | 2015 | 26199771 |
| impact of toxigenic clostridium difficile colonization on the risk of subsequent c. difficile infection in intensive care unit patients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in hospitalized patients is generally attributed to the current stay, but recent studies reveal high c. difficile colonization rates on admission. | 2015 | 26223207 |
| a curiously rare case of septic shock from clostridium difficile colitis. | this case provides the first report of a young healthy child presenting in septic shock from clostridium difficile colitis. this child had no identifiable risk factors for c. difficile, raising the suspicion for a hypervirulent strain. once infection was recognized and treated appropriately, the child made a full recovery. this case presentation highlights the need to consider c. difficile colitis in the differential diagnosis of severely ill patients, even in the absence of traditional risk fac ... | 2015 | 26221790 |
| correction: molecular epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection in a large teaching hospital in thailand. | 2015 | 26221729 | |
| surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in australian isolates of clostridium difficile, 2013-14. | the objective of this study was to determine the activity of fidaxomicin and comparator antimicrobials against clostridium difficile isolated from patients with c. difficile infection (cdi) in australian hospitals and in the community. | 2015 | 26221017 |
| mechanisms of hypervirulent clostridium difficile ribotype 027 displacement of endemic strains: an epidemiological model. | following rapid, global clonal dominance of hypervirulent ribotypes, clostridium difficile now constitutes the primary infectious cause of nosocomial diarrhoea. evidence indicates at least three possible mechanisms of hypervirulence that facilitates the successful invasion of these atypical strains: 1) increased infectiousness relative to endemic strains; 2) increased symptomatic disease rate relative to endemic strains; and 3) an ability to outcompete endemic strains in the host's gut. stochast ... | 2015 | 26218654 |
| systematic review with meta-analysis: saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. | antibiotic-associated diarrhoea is a common complication of antibiotic use, but it can be prevented with administration of probiotics. | 2015 | 26216624 |
| clostridium difficile infection after ileostomy closure mimicking anastomotic leak. | clostridium difficile infection is linked to antibiotic exposure, with elderly and immunocompromised hospitalised patients being particularly at risk. the symptoms range from mild diarrhoea to life-threatening fulminant colitis. we describe an unusual presentation of c. difficile infection after closure of ileostomy in a healthy 60-year-old man with a history of low anterior resection and defunctioning ileostomy for rectal tumour. on the third day postoperatively, the patient developed left lowe ... | 2015 | 26150639 |
| a cfr-like gene from clostridium difficile confers multiple antibiotic resistance by the same mechanism as the cfr gene. | the cfr rna methyltransferase causes multiple resistances to peptidyl transferase inhibitors by methylation of a2503 23s rrna. many cfr-like gene sequences in the databases code for unknown functions. this study confirms that a cfr-like protein from a peptoclostridium difficile (formerly clostridium difficile) strain does function as a cfr protein. the enzyme is expressed in escherichia coli and shows elevated mics for five classes of antibiotics. a primer extension stop indicates a modification ... | 2015 | 26149991 |
| effective sequestration of clostridium difficile protein toxins by calcium aluminosilicate. | clostridium difficile is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and the etiologic agent responsible for c. difficile infection. toxin a (tcda) and toxin b (tcdb) are nearly indispensable virulence factors for clostridium difficile pathogenesis. given the toxin-centric mechanism by which c. difficile pathogenesis occurs, the selective sequestration with neutralization of tcda and tcdb by nonantibiotic agents represents a novel mode of action to prevent or treat c. difficile-associated ... | 2015 | 26149988 |
| chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are risk factors for poor outcomes of clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the clinical outcomes of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in patients with chronic kidney diseases (ckd) and end-stage renal disease (esrd). | 2015 | 26147121 |
| the yield of stool testing in hospital-onset diarrhea: has evidence changed practice? | aside from examination for clostridium difficile, the yield of stool testing in hospital-onset diarrhea is poor. clinical practice guidelines discourage overzealous stool testing in patients with diarrhea that develops after the third hospital day. however, the adoption of this recommendation into clinical practice is limited. furthermore, the effect of microbiology laboratory improvements on hospital-onset diarrhea testing is largely unknown. | 2015 | 26145180 |
| a prospective study of community-associated clostridium difficile infection in kuwait: epidemiology and ribotypes. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasingly recognized as a significant community acquired pathogen that causes disease in the community. the aim of the study was to investigate prospectively the incidence of community-acquired-cdi (ca-cdi) in kuwait. of the 2584 patients with diarrhea, 16 (0.62%) were confirmed cases of ca-cdi. the other notable pathogens were salmonella spp. (0.39%) and campylobacter spp. (0.23%). the mean age was 39 years and the cdi was mild. exposure to antibiotic ... | 2015 | 26144314 |
| ensuring the safe and effective fda regulation of fecal microbiota transplantation. | scientists, policymakers, and medical professionals alike have become increasingly worried about the rise of antibiotic resistance, and the growing number of infections due to bacteria like clostridium difficile, which cause a significant number of deaths and are imposing increasing costs on our health care system. however, in the last few years, fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt), the transplantation of stool from a healthy donor into the bowel of a patient, has emerged as a startlingly eff ... | 2015 | 27774199 |
| community-acquired clostridium difficile infection in children: a retrospective study. | community acquired-clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has increased also in children in the last years. | 2015 | 26141927 |
| initial experience with fecal microbiota transplantation in clostridium difficile infection - transplant protocol and preliminary results. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) constitutes an important cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. recurrence after first-line treatment with antibiotics is high and fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) may be effective for refractory and recurrent cdi. this series aims to describe the efficacy of fmt in the treatment of refractory and recurrent cdi. | 2015 | 26140631 |
| therapeutic targeting of bile acids. | the first objectives of this article are to review the structure, chemistry, and physiology of bile acids and the types of bile acid malabsorption observed in clinical practice. the second major theme addresses the classical or known properties of bile acids, such as the role of bile acid sequestration in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; the use of ursodeoxycholic acid in therapeutics, from traditional oriental medicine to being, until recently, the drug of choice in cholestatic liver diseases; ... | 2015 | 26138466 |
| fatal case of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in an adult due to a rare serogroup o91 entero hemorrhagic escherichia coli associated with a clostridium difficile infection. more than meets the eye. | hemolytic-uremic syndrome due to enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, belonging to serogroup o91 has rarely been described. we report here a case of post-diarrheal hus due to ehec o91 in an elderly patient for whom diagnosis was delayed given a previously diagnosed c. difficile infection. this case highlights the usefulness of shiga-toxin detection. | 2015 | 26135847 |
| risk factors for in-hospital mortality among a cohort of children with clostridium difficile infection. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has increased and has been associated with poor outcomes among hospitalized children, including increased risk of death. the purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for all-cause in-hospital mortality among children with cdi. | 2015 | 26135055 |
| isolation and identification of clostridium difficile using chromid c. difficile medium combined with gram staining and pro disc testing: a proposal for a simple culture process. | chromid c. difficile agar (cdif; biomérieux, france), a chromogenic medium, allows for the isolation and identification of clostridium difficile strains within 24 hr regardless of pretreatment of stool specimens with heat or alcohol shock. in the present study, we designed and evaluated a simple procedure for the implementation c. difficile cultures using cdif medium in a tertiary hospital setting. | 2015 | 26131411 |
| impact of clostridium difficile infection among pneumonia and urinary tract infection hospitalizations: an analysis of the nationwide inpatient sample. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) remains one of the major hospital acquired infections in the nation, often attributable to increased antibiotic use. little research, however, exists on the prevalence and impact of cdi on patient and hospital outcomes among populations requiring such treatment. as such, the goal of this study was to examine the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of cdi among pneumonia and urinary tract infection (uti) hospitalizations. | 2015 | 26126606 |
| total synthesis of the glycosylated macrolide antibiotic fidaxomicin. | the first enantioselective total synthesis of fidaxomicin, also known as tiacumicin b or lipiarmycin a3, is reported. this novel glycosylated macrolide antibiotic is used in the clinic for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections. key features of the synthesis involve a rapid and high-yielding access to the noviose, rhamnose, and orsellinic acid precursors; the first example of a β-selective noviosylation; an effective suzuki coupling of highly functionalized substrates; and a ring-clos ... | 2015 | 26125969 |
| how do clostridium difficile infections affect nurses' everyday hospital work: a qualitative study. | this qualitative study explored the impact of clostridium difficile infections on nurses' everyday work in the hospital. twelve nurses (six in france and six in the united states) were interviewed in depth using a semi-structured interview guide. thematic analysis of the interviews was performed. managing diarrhoea and taking precautionary measures for infection control were the two most inconvenient aspects nurses reported with c. difficile patient management. precautions included contact isola ... | 2015 | 26125573 |
| what's the clinical features of colitis in elderly people in long-term care facilities? | as life expectancy has increased, the number of elderly patients who need long-term care has grown rapidly. mortality in patients with colitis in long-term care facilities (ltcfs) is increasing. we intend to investigate the main causes of colitis in ltcfs compared to those of colitis in local communities, and to identify the clinical features and risk factors of patients with colitis in ltcfs. | 2015 | 25931997 |
| recurrent clostridium difficile infection: from colonization to cure. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasingly prevalent, dangerous and challenging to prevent and manage. despite intense national and international attention the incidence of primary and of recurrent cdi (pcdi and rcdi, respectively) have risen rapidly throughout the past decade. of major concern is the increase in cases of rcdi resulting in substantial morbidity, morality and economic burden. rcdi management remains challenging as there is no uniformly effective therapy, no firm consen ... | 2015 | 25930686 |
| extrachromosomal and integrated genetic elements in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile is a major nosocomial pathogen, causing gastrointestinal disease in patients undergoing antibiotic therapy. this bacterium contains many extrachromosomal and integrated genetic elements, with recent genomic work giving new insights into their variability and distribution. this review summarises research conducted in this area over the last 30 years and includes a discussion on the functional contributions of these elements to host cell phenotypes, as well as encompassing re ... | 2015 | 25929174 |
| co-infection as a confounder for the role of clostridium difficile infection in children with diarrhoea: a summary of the literature. | although clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in adults, the incidence and severity of c. difficile infection (cdi) in children is unclear. one complicating factor in assessing the role of cdi in children is the possibility of co-infection with other gastrointestinal pathogens. in this review, we summarise the literature concerning c. difficile co-infections in young children, in an attempt to discuss the rate of co-infections and their potential role in the ... | 2015 | 25926302 |
| recurrence of dual-strain clostridium difficile infection in an in vitro human gut model. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is still a major challenge to healthcare facilities. the detection of multiple c. difficile strains has been reported in some patient samples during initial and recurrent cdi episodes. however, the behaviour of individual strains and their contribution to symptomatic disease is unclear. | 2015 | 25925596 |
| incidence and nature of adverse reactions to antibiotics used as endocarditis prophylaxis. | antibiotic prophylaxis (ap) administration prior to invasive dental procedures has been a leading focus of infective endocarditis prevention. however, there have been long-standing concerns about the risk of adverse drug reactions as a result of this practice. the objective of this study was to identify the incidence and nature of adverse reactions to amoxicillin and clindamycin prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis. | 2015 | 25925595 |
| a combination of three fully human toxin a- and toxin b-specific monoclonal antibodies protects against challenge with highly virulent epidemic strains of clostridium difficile in the hamster model. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the principal cause of nosocomial diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotic therapy. recent increases in the number of outbreaks attributed to highly virulent antibiotic-resistant strains underscore the importance of identifying efficacious alternatives to antibiotics to control this infection. cdi is mediated by two large exotoxins, toxins a and b. strong humoral toxin-specific immune responses are associated with recovery and a la ... | 2015 | 25924765 |
| identification of recurrent clostridium difficile infection using administrative codes: accuracy and implications for surveillance. | to develop an algorithm using administrative codes, laboratory data, and medication data to identify recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and to examine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and performance of this algorithm. | 2015 | 25924718 |
| high molecular weight typing with maldi-tof ms - a novel method for rapid typing of clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile strains were typed by a newly developed maldi-tof method, high molecular weight typing, and compared to pcr ribotyping. among 500 isolates representing 59 pcr ribotypes a total of 35 high molecular weight types could be resolved. although less discriminatory than pcr ribotyping, the method is extremely fast and simple, and supports for cost-effective screening of isolates during outbreak situations. | 2015 | 25923527 |
| infectious disease outbreaks and increased complexity of care. | this study examined the effects of healthcare-associated infectious disease outbreaks on nurses' work in a large acute care hospital in ontario, canada. | 2015 | 25922983 |
| the clostridium difficile protease cwp84 modulates both biofilm formation and cell-surface properties. | clostridium difficile is responsible for 15-20% of antibiotic-associated diarrheas, and nearly all cases of pseudomembranous colitis. among the cell wall proteins involved in the colonization process, cwp84 is a protease that cleaves the s-layer protein slpa into two subunits. a cwp84 mutant was previously shown to be affected for in vitro growth but not in its virulence in a hamster model. in this study, the cwp84 mutant elaborated biofilms with increased biomass compared with the parental stra ... | 2015 | 25922949 |
| surveillance of clostridium difficile infections in a long-term care psychogeriatric facility: outbreak analysis and policy improvement. | following an exceptionally high clostridium difficile infections (cdi) incidence (spring 2011) in a psychogeriatric long-term care facility, a bidirectional study (2009-2012) was initiated to identify determinants (retrospectively) and to assess intervention measures taken (prospectively). | 2015 | 25922669 |
| lactobacillus species: taxonomic complexity and controversial susceptibilities. | the genus lactobacillus is a taxonomically complex and is composed of over 170 species that cannot be easily differentiated phenotypically and often require molecular identification. although they are part of the normal human gastrointestinal and vaginal flora, they can also be occasional human pathogens. they are extensively used in a variety of commercial products including probiotics. their antimicrobial susceptibilities are poorly defined in part because of their taxonomic complexity and are ... | 2015 | 25922408 |
| differences of the fecal microflora with clostridium difficile therapies. | during treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), patterns of pathogen reduction in relationship to changes in components of the normal microbiota are hypothesized to be predictive of response to treatment and subsequent sustained cure. | 2015 | 25922407 |
| determining the long-term effect of antibiotic administration on the human normal intestinal microbiota using culture and pyrosequencing methods. | the purpose of the study was to assess the effect of ciprofloxacin (500 mg twice daily for 10 days) or clindamycin (150 mg 4 times daily for 10 days) on the fecal microbiota of healthy humans for a period of 1 year as compared to placebo. two different methods, culture and microbiome analysis, were used. fecal samples were collected for analyses at 6 time-points. the interval needed for the normal microbiota to be normalized after ciprofloxacin or clindamycin treatment differed for various bacte ... | 2015 | 25922405 |
| clostridium difficile infection in long-term care facilities: a call to action for antimicrobial stewardship. | across the united states, the baby boomers are entering into their elderly years. as they are america's largest generation to do so to date, their need for care will greatly affect nursing homes, long-term care facilities, and long-term acute-care hospitals (ltachs). unfortunately, the rise of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), particularly in extended-care facilities, might become the biggest obstacle in their care. elderly extended-care-facility residents are at an elevated risk of cdi sim ... | 2015 | 25922404 |
| current trends in the epidemiology and outcomes of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is the most frequently identified cause of nosocomial diarrhea and has been associated with epidemics of diarrhea in hospitals and long-term care facilities. the continued increase in c. difficile infection (cdi) suggests that it has surpassed other pathogens in causing healthcare-associated infections. the centers for disease control and prevention recently identified cdi as an "urgent threat" in its recent report on antibiotic resistance threats in the united states, high ... | 2015 | 25922403 |
| pathway to prevention of nosocomial clostridium difficile infection. | to address the significant morbidity and mortality rates associated with nosocomial clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad), a series of recommendations and a pathway to prevention were developed. | 2015 | 25922401 |
| a decade of experience in primary prevention of clostridium difficile infection at a community hospital using the probiotic combination lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2 (bio-k+). | in august 2003, the 284-bed community hospital pierre-le gardeur (plgh) in quebec experienced a major outbreak associated with the clostridium difficile nap1/027/bi strain. augmented standard preventive measures (spms) were not able to control this outbreak. it was decided in february 2004 to give to every adult inpatient on antibiotics, without any exclusion, a probiotic (bio-k+: lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2) within 12 hours of t ... | 2015 | 25922400 |
| lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2 (bio-k+): characterization, manufacture, mechanisms of action, and quality control of a specific probiotic combination for primary prevention of clostridium difficile infection. | a specific probiotic formulation composed of lactobacillus acidophilus cl1285, lactobacillus casei lbc80r, and lactobacillus rhamnosus clr2 (bio-k+) has been marketed in north america since 1996. the strains and the commercial products have been evaluated for safety, identity, gastrointestinal survival, and stability throughout shelf life. the capacity of both the fermented beverages and the capsules to reduce incidences of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and clostridium difficile infection (cdi) ... | 2015 | 25922399 |
| prevention of clostridium difficile infection with probiotics. | despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and prevention efforts to reduce the spread of c. difficile, cdi remains a significant challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. further advances in prevention of cdi may need to focus on those who continue to be exposed to the organism and who are susceptible. interventions directed toward this susceptible population, particularly hospitalized patients who receive antibiotics, may be effective. there is mo ... | 2015 | 25922397 |
| clostridium difficile infection following outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. | 2015 | 25922336 | |
| colonic muc2 mucin regulates the expression and antimicrobial activity of β-defensin 2. | in this study we identified mechanisms at the colonic mucosa by which muc2 mucin regulated the production of β-defensin in a proinflammatory milieu but functionally protected susceptible bacteria from its antimicrobial effects. the regulator role of muc2 on production of β-defensin 2 in combination with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (il-1β) was confirmed using purified human colonic muc2 mucin and colonic goblet cells short hairpin rna (shrna) silenced for muc2. in vivo, muc2(-/-) ... | 2015 | 25921338 |
| delirium and other clinical factors with clostridium difficile infection that predict mortality in hospitalized patients. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) severity has increased, especially among hospitalized older adults. we evaluated clinical factors to predict mortality after cdi. | 2015 | 25920706 |
| the livestock reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: a personal view on changing patterns of risks, effects of interventions and the way forward. | the purpose of this review was to provide an updated overview on the use of antimicrobial agents in livestock, the associated problems for humans and current knowledge on the effects of reducing resistance in the livestock reservoir on both human health and animal production. there is still limiting data on both use of antimicrobial agents, occurrence and spread of resistance as well as impact on human health. however, in recent years, emerging issues related to methicillin-resistant staphylococ ... | 2015 | 25918442 |
| clostridium difficile infection from a surgical perspective. | the incidence and the severity of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) have increased significantly over the last decade, especially in high-risk populations such as patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). surgeons must be able to both identify and minimize the risk of cdi in their own surgical patients and determine which cdi patients will benefit from surgery. | 2015 | 25917533 |
| [the application and epidemiological research of xtag gpp multiplex pcr in the diagnosis of infectious diarrhea]. | to investigate the application value of xtag (®) gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag9(®) gpp) multiplex pcr in the early diagnosis of infectious diarrhea, and understand the epidemiology of intestinal diarrhea pathogens. | 2015 | 25916780 |
| first report of clostridium difficile nap1/027 in a mexican hospital. | clostridium difficile nap1/ribotype 027 is associated with severe disease and high mortality rates. our aim was to determine the prevalence of nap1/ribotype 027 among c. difficile isolates in a tertiary care hospital, and review the main clinical data. | 2015 | 25915544 |
| hospital management of clostridium difficile infection: a review of the literature. | the emergence of the epidemic clostridium difficile 027 strain has renewed interest in infection control practices. | 2015 | 25913648 |
| outbreak of clostridium difficile infections at an outpatient hemodialysis facility-michigan, 2012-2013. | investigation of an outbreak of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) at a hemodialysis facility revealed evidence that limited intrafacility transmission occurred despite adherence to published infection control standards for dialysis clinics. outpatient dialysis facilities should consider cdi prevention, including environmental disinfection for c. difficile, when formulating their infection control plans. | 2015 | 25913501 |
| treatment of clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. | clostridium difficile causes infections that can either remain asymptomatic or manifest as clinical disease. in this report, problems, possible solutions, and future perspectives on the treatment of c. difficile infections (cdis) in pediatric patients are discussed. cdi, despite increasing as a consequence of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, remains relatively uncommon in pediatrics mainly because younger children are poorly susceptible to the action of c. difficile toxins. in most such ca ... | 2015 | 25912469 |
| the association of hospital prevention processes and patient risk factors with the risk of clostridium difficile infection: a population-based cohort study. | clostridium difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-acquired infection; the real-world impacts of some proposed c. difficile prevention processes are unknown. | 2015 | 25911052 |
| spectrum of enteropathogens detected by the filmarray gi panel in a multicentre study of community-acquired gastroenteritis. | the european, multicentre, quarterly point-prevalence study of community-acquired diarrhoea (eucodi) analysed stool samples received at ten participating clinical microbiology laboratories (austria, finland, france, germany, greece, ireland, italy, portugal, romania, and the uk) in 2014. on four specified days, each local laboratory submitted samples from ≤20 consecutive patients to the austrian study centre for further testing with the filmarray gi panel (biofire diagnostics, salt lake city, ut ... | 2015 | 25908431 |
| microfiber cloths reduce the transfer of clostridium difficile spores to environmental surfaces compared with cotton cloths. | environmental surfaces in health care facilities contaminated with clostridium difficile spores can be a reservoir that contribute to transmission of hospital-acquired infections. microfiber cleaning cloths may improve the effectiveness of surface cleaning. the objective of this study was to assess the removal and transfer of c difficile spores on surfaces cleaned by microfiber compared with cotton cloths. | 2015 | 25907782 |
| a multi-center prospective derivation and validation of a clinical prediction tool for severe clostridium difficile infection. | prediction of severe clinical outcomes in clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is important to inform management decisions for optimum patient care. currently, treatment recommendations for cdi vary based on disease severity but validated methods to predict severe disease are lacking. the aim of the study was to derive and validate a clinical prediction tool for severe outcomes in cdi. | 2015 | 25906284 |
| treatment for clostridium difficile infection in adults--reply. | 2015 | 25988472 | |
| treatment for clostridium difficile infection in adults. | 2015 | 25988470 | |
| treatment for clostridium difficile infection in adults. | 2015 | 25988469 | |
| contribution of clostridium difficile infection to the development of lower gastrointestinal adverse events during autologous stem cell transplantation. | lower gastrointestinal (gi) adverse events (lgae) are common afflictions of patients undergoing stem cell transplantation (sct). unfortunately, the pathophysiology remains poorly characterized. emerging data suggest a prominent role of intestinal microbiota; however, contributions of pathogenic gut microbiota such as clostridium difficile are not well defined. we performed a genome-wide association study (gwas) to investigate clinical and genetic factors associated with development of lgae. | 2015 | 25988273 |
| case of antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by staphylococcus aureus enterocolitis. | a case of staphylococcus aureus enterocolitis (sec) misdiagnosed as toxin-negative clostridium difficile is reported. | 2015 | 25987689 |
| risk factors for acquisition and loss of clostridium difficile colonization in hospitalized patients. | asymptomatic colonization may contribute to clostridium difficile transmission. few data identify which patients are at risk for colonization. we performed a prospective cohort study of c. difficile colonization and risk factors for c. difficile acquisition and loss in hospitalized patients. patients admitted to medical or surgical wards at a tertiary care hospital were enrolled; interviews and chart review were performed to determine patient demographics, c. difficile infection (cdi) history, m ... | 2015 | 25987626 |
| amoxicillin plus temocillin as an alternative empiric therapy for the treatment of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia: results from a retrospective audit. | a formulary decision was made at a large provider of acute hospital services in surrey to replace piperacillin/tazobactam with amoxicillin+temocillin for the empiric treatment of severe hospital-acquired pneumonia. this decision was made because the use of broad-spectrum-β-lactam antibiotics is a known risk factor for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) and for the selection of resistance. after the antibiotic formulary was changed, a retrospective audit was conducted to assess the effect of t ... | 2015 | 25987247 |
| the risks of incident and recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the risks of incident and recurrent clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in patients with chronic kidney disease (ckd) and end-stage renal disease (esrd) requiring dialysis. | 2015 | 25986528 |
| hospitalized patients with cirrhosis should be screened for clostridium difficile colitis. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is an important public health problem in hospitalized patients. patients with cirrhosis are particularly at risk of increased associated morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization from cdi. | 2015 | 25986524 |
| healthcare workers' decision-making about transmission-based infection control precautions is improved by a guidance summary card. | transmission-based precautions (tbps) are infection control measures designed to interrupt pathogen transmission. success relies on early recognition of patients with potentially infectious syndromes, then the implementation of appropriate tbps. we are aware of no literature evaluating interventions to facilitate healthcare workers (hcws) in implementing tbps. | 2015 | 25986167 |
| increasing ultraviolet light exposure is associated with reduced mortality from clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is an increasingly common cause of inpatient mortality. vitamin d deficiency is associated with more aggressive cdi. we aimed to determine if average annual ultraviolet light (uv) exposure was associated with mortality in patients with cdi. | 2015 | 25984339 |
| [selected aspects of clostridium difficile infection]. | clostridium difficile pathogen is a cause of the most frequent nosocomial infection, which is antibiotic-associated diarrhea. antibiotic treatment causes disruption of the microbiome balance, which makes the gut a friendly environment for the pathogen. it leads to pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon and even death. clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is particularly dangerous to elderly patients, leading to the highest mortality rate. c. difficile is equipped with many virulence factors ... | 2015 | 25983298 |
| is tigecycline a suitable option for clostridium difficile infection? evidence from the literature. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) has become the most frequent cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhoea in developed countries, causing an increase in mortality, recurrences or treatment failure. in the search for new and more effective drugs, researchers recently turned their attention to tigecycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the glycylglycine class available as an intravenous formulation for human use, which has also shown in vitro activity against c. difficile. we performed a litera ... | 2015 | 25982915 |
| update on fecal microbiota transplantation 2015: indications, methodologies, mechanisms, and outlook. | the community of microorganisms within the human gut (or microbiota) is critical to health and functions with a level of complexity comparable to that of an organ system. alterations of this ecology (or dysbiosis) have been implicated in a number of disease states, and the prototypical example is clostridium difficile infection (cdi). fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) has been demonstrated to durably alter the gut microbiota of the recipient and has shown efficacy in the treatment of patien ... | 2015 | 25982290 |
| clostridium sordellii genome analysis reveals plasmid localized toxin genes encoded within pathogenicity loci. | clostridium sordellii can cause severe infections in animals and humans, the latter associated with trauma, toxic shock and often-fatal gynaecological infections. strains can produce two large clostridial cytotoxins (lccs), tcsl and tcsh, related to those produced by clostridium difficile, clostridium novyi and clostridium perfringens, but the genetic basis of toxin production remains uncharacterised. | 2015 | 25981746 |
| the emergence of clostridium difficile pcr-ribotype 001 in slovakia. | the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of clostridium difficile infections (cdi) and to characterise the isolates in 14 departments of ten academic hospitals in slovakia. | 2015 | 25981433 |
| ecological effect of ceftazidime/avibactam on the normal human intestinal microbiota. | ceftazidime/avibactam is a new combination of the antibiotic ceftazidime with the novel, non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of ceftazidime/avibactam on the human intestinal microbiota following intravenous (i.v.) administration. twelve healthy volunteers received ceftazidime/avibactam by i.v. infusion (2000mg ceftazidime and 500mg avibactam) given over 2h every 8h on days 1-6 (inclusive) and a single dose on day 7. faecal ... | 2015 | 25979639 |
| crossing the quality chasm for clostridium difficile infection prevention. | 2015 | 25979001 | |
| leukemoid reaction to clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infections (cdi) are increasing in incidence and severity. leukemoid reaction is rarely seen with cdi, and indicates severe disease with grave prognosis. we present an elderly female who developed leukemoid reaction in response to cdi. the patient died despite early antibiotic therapy with surgical evaluation. | 2015 | 25978982 |
| common questions about the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. | common questions that arise regarding treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) include which medications are most effective, when surgery may be indicated, which patients should be screened for barrett esophagus and helicobacter pylori infection, and which adverse effects occur with these medications. proton pump inhibitors (ppis) are the most effective medical therapy, and all ppis provide similar relief of gerd symptoms. there is insufficient evidence to recommend testing for h. pyl ... | 2015 | 25978198 |
| dbdiasnp: an open-source knowledgebase of genetic polymorphisms and resistance genes related to diarrheal pathogens. | diarrhea is a highly common infection among children, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. after pneumonia, diarrhea remains the second leading cause of neonatal deaths. numerous viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteric pathogens are associated with diarrhea. with increasing antibiotic resistance among enteric pathogens, there is an urgent need for global surveillance of the mutations and resistance genes primarily responsible for resistance to antibiotic treatment. ... | 2015 | 25978092 |
| characteristics and antibiotic use associated with short-term risk of clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized patients. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been shown to have an excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection of clostridium difficile infection (cdi). little is known about risk factors for cdi within 14 days of an initial negative test. we sought to determine the characteristics among hospitalized patients associated with risk of short-term acquisition of cdi. | 2015 | 25972333 |
| comparison of the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of fidaxomicin in healthy japanese and caucasian subjects. | fidaxomicin treatment of clostridium difficile infection is known to produce minimal systemic exposure, as the antibacterial (antibiotic) remains primarily in the gut. in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple ascending doses of fidaxomicin were evaluated in healthy japanese and caucasian subjects. | 2015 | 25972286 |
| incidence and risk factors of clostridium difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | recent changes in the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) include the identification of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) as a group at risk in comparison to the general population. | 2015 | 25970947 |
| different dynamic patterns of β-lactams, quinolones, glycopeptides and macrolides on mouse gut microbial diversity. | the adverse impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota has attracted extensive interest, particularly due to the development of microbiome research techniques in recent years. however, a direct comparison of the dynamic effects of various types of antibiotics using the same animal model has not been available. in the present study, we selected six antibiotics from four categories with the broadest clinical usage, namely, β-lactams (ceftriaxone sodium, cefoperazone/sulbactam and meropenem), quin ... | 2015 | 25970622 |
| [economic burden of clostridium difficile enterocolitis in german hospitals based on routine drg data]. | clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (cdad) is not only a increasing medical but also economical problem. | 2015 | 25965986 |
| rna-based fluorescent biosensors for live cell imaging of second messenger cyclic di-amp. | cyclic di-amp (cdia) is a second messenger predicted to be widespread in gram-positive bacteria, some gram-negative bacteria, and archaea. in the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes, cdia is an essential molecule that regulates metabolic function and cell wall homeostasis, and decreased levels of cdia result in increased antibiotic susceptibility. we have generated fluorescent biosensors for cdia through fusion of the spinach2 aptamer to ligand-binding domains of cdia riboswitches. the biosens ... | 2015 | 25965978 |