Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| analysis of cry8ka5-binding proteins from anthonomus grandis (coleoptera: curculionidae) midgut. | biotech crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins present a valuable approach for insect control. cry8ka5, which is highly toxic to the cotton boll weevil (anthonomus grandis), was used as a model to study toxin-ligand interactions. three cry-binding proteins were detected after toxin overlay assays. following de novo sequencing, a heat-shock cognate protein and a v-atpase were identified, whilst a approximately 120 kda protein remained unknown. additional cry8ka5-binding proteins were ... | 2010 | 20144614 |
| effects of transgenic rice expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab protein on ground-dwelling collembolan community in postharvest seasons. | during 2005-2008, field studies were conducted at two locations in chongqing, china, to assess the potential effects of transgenic rice expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ab protein on the nontarget ground-dwelling collembolan community in three postharvest seasons. collembolans in non-bt and bt rice fields were sampled with pitfall traps during each of two postharvest seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 and litterbag traps during each of three postharvest seasons of 2005/2006, 2006/2007, ... | 2010 | 20146862 |
| india. after acrimonious debate, india rejects gm eggplant. | 2010 | 20150453 | |
| pore-forming properties of the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry9ca in manduca sexta brush border membrane vesicles. | the toxicity and pore-forming ability of the bacillus thuringiensis cry9ca insecticidal toxin, its single-site mutants, r164a and r164k, and the 55-kda fragment resulting from its proteolytic cleavage at residue 164 were investigated using manduca sexta neonate larvae and fifth-instar larval midgut brush border membrane vesicles, respectively. neither the mutations nor the proteolytic cleavage altered cry9ca toxicity. compared with cry1ac, cry9ca and its mutants formed large poorly selective por ... | 2010 | 20153718 |
| spatial and temporal changes in genetic structure of greenhouse and field populations of cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni. | trichoplusia ni is a subtropical moth that migrates annually from southern california to southern british columbia, canada where it invades vegetable greenhouses and field crops. the heated greenhouse environment has altered the natural extinction-recolonization dynamics of t. ni populations, and allows year-round persistence in some locations. in addition, the extensive use of the biopesticide, bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (bt) in some greenhouses has selected for resistance. here ... | 2010 | 20163547 |
| evaluation [corrected] of transgenic event cbh 351 (starlink) corn in pig. | this study examined the influence of transgenic event cbh (starlink; sl)-derived hybrid corn on growth, health and physiological functions of pigs, as well as the possibility of transferring the cry9c gene or cry9c protein to the blood, liver or muscles, in comparison with pigs fed a diet with non-transgenic (isogenic) corn (non-sl). the diet for the sl group was composed of 70% sl corn, and the diet for the non-sl group was composed of 70% non-sl corn. forty pigs approximately 3 months in age w ... | 2010 | 20163679 |
| construction of a bacillus thuringiensis engineered strain with high toxicity and broad pesticidal spectrum against coleopteran insects. | a newly engineered strain, denominated biot185, was constructed through integrating the cry8ca2 gene into the endogenous plasmid of bt185 (contains cry8ea1) by homologous recombination. the thermosensitive plasmid vector was eliminated by the rising temperature of recombinant cultures. no antibiotic gene or other unnecessary genes were introduced to the new strain. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis demonstrated that the cry8ca2 gene was expressed ... | 2010 | 20165944 |
| characterization of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac in plutella xylostella from china. | a field population (sz) of plutella xylostella, collected from the cabbage field in shenzhen, guangdong province of china in 2002, showed 2.3-fold resistance to cry1aa, 110-fold to cry1ab, 30-fold to cry1ac, 2.1-fold to cry1f, 5.3-fold to cry2aa and 6-fold resistance to bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (btk) compared with a susceptible strain (roth). the szbt strain was derived from the sz population through 20 generations of selection with activated cry1ac in the laboratory. while the szbt ... | 2010 | 20167218 |
| characterization of a cry1ac toxin-binding alkaline phosphatase in the midgut from helicoverpa armigera (hübner) larvae. | midgut membrane-bound alkaline phosphatases (malp) tethered to the brush border membrane surface by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchor have been proposed as crucial for cry1ac intoxication. in the present work, two full-length cdnas-encoding alkaline phosphatases in the midgut of helicoverpa armigera larvae were cloned and named haalp1 (genbank accession no. eu729322) and haalp2 (genbank accession no. eu729323), respectively. these two clones displayed high identity (above 94%) at the a ... | 2010 | 20170658 |
| three kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors from the red swamp crayfish procambarus clarkii and the characterization, function analysis of hcpcspi2. | three kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors, hcpcspi2, hppcspi3, and hppcspi4, with complete cdna sequences, were identified from a cdna library of the red swamp crayfish, procambarus clarkii. semi-quantitative rt-pcr shows that hcpcspi2 exists mainly in hemocytes while both hppcspi3 and hppcspi4 were detected in the hepatopancreas and the heart. homology comparison and phylogenic analysis indicate that hppcspi3 and hppcspi4 shared high identity and formed the same group, and both of them were ... | 2010 | 20170735 |
| role of alkaline phosphatase from manduca sexta in the mechanism of action of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin. | cry toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis have been recognized as pore-forming toxins whose primary action is to lyse midgut epithelial cells in their target insect. in the case of the cry1a toxins, a prepore oligomeric intermediate is formed after interaction with cadherin receptor. the cry1a oligomer then interacts with glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored receptors. two manduca sexta glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, aminopeptidase (apn) and alkaline phosphatase (alp), have ... | 2010 | 20177063 |
| genetic transformation and pyramiding of aprotinin-expressing sugarcane with cry1ab for shoot borer (chilo infuscatellus) resistance. | we evaluated the insecticidal toxicity of cry1aa, cry1ab and cry1ac toxins against neonate larvae of sugarcane shoot borer chilo infuscatellus snellen (lepidoptera: crambidae) in vitro on diet surface. with the lowest lc(50) value, cry1ab emerged as the most effective among the three toxins. sugarcane cultivars co 86032 and coj 64 were transformed with cry1ab gene driven by maize ubiquitin promoter through particle bombardment and agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems. gene pyramiding wa ... | 2010 | 20179936 |
| haematological, biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by abamectin and bacillus thuringiensis in male albino rats. | the renal- and hepato-toxicity induced by abamectin pesticide (vertimec) and a commercial form of a bio-insecticide bacillus thuringiensis (agerin) in male albino rats were evaluated. blood picture and blood glucose level were investigated. male albino rats were administered dietary doses each equivalent to 1/10 or 1/100 of the ld50 values of each toxicant for 30 consecutive days. abamectin was found to pose risks of renal- and hepato-toxicity in rats, since the biochemical parameters of liver f ... | 2010 | 20194097 |
| immune responses of helicoverpa armigera to different kinds of pathogens. | insects react against pathogens through innate immunity. the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera (h. armigera) is an important defoliator and an extremely destructive pest insect of many crops. the elucidation of the mechanism of the immune response of h. armigera to various pathogens can provide a theoretical basis for new approaches to biologically control this pest. | 2010 | 20196874 |
| development of an efficient expression system for flavobacterium strains. | strong promoters were isolated from flavobacterium johnsoniae in a promoter-trap vector incorporating a gfp reporter system, and were used to express fluorescent protein markers (including gfp, yfp, morange and mstrawberry) and insecticidal protein genes in flavobacterium strains. sequence analysis of trapped dna fragments showed conserved bacteroidetes promoter motifs (ttg-n(19)-tanntttg) located upstream of putative open reading frames. plasmids harboring these genomic dna fragments from f. jo ... | 2010 | 20206244 |
| three cry toxins in two types from bacillus thuringiensis strain m019 preferentially kill human hepatocyte cancer and uterus cervix cancer cells. | bacillus thuringiensis strain m019, non-pathogenic to lepidopteran and dipteran insects, produces a parasporal inclusion that consists of three 84-kda cry proteins (cps). cp78a and cp78b, which exhibit 83.5% amino acid identity, were new variants of the previously reported hela cell-killing protein (parasporin-1). cp84 was a novel cp showing low-level homology, of 21.9% (56.4% similarity), with the insecticidal cry2 toxin. in vitro solubilization with dithiothreitol at ph 10.2 and limited hydrol ... | 2010 | 20208360 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry5b protein is highly efficacious as a single-dose therapy against an intestinal roundworm infection in mice. | intestinal parasitic nematode diseases are one of the great diseases of our time. intestinal roundworm parasites, including hookworms, whipworms, and ascaris, infect well over 1 billion people and cause significant morbidity, especially in children and pregnant women. to date, there is only one drug, albendazole, with adequate efficacy against these parasites to be used in mass drug administration, although tribendimidine may emerge as a second. given the hundreds of millions of people to be tre ... | 2010 | 20209154 |
| wwp-1 is a novel modulator of the daf-2 insulin-like signaling network involved in pore-forming toxin cellular defenses in caenorhabditis elegans. | pore-forming toxins (pfts) are the single largest class of bacterial virulence factors. the daf-2 insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway, which regulates lifespan and stress resistance in caenorhabditis elegans, is known to mutate to resistance to pathogenic bacteria. however, its role in responses against bacterial toxins and pfts is as yet unexplored. here we reveal that reduction of the daf-2 insulin-like pathway confers the resistance of caenorhabditis elegans to cytolitic cr ... | 2010 | 20209166 |
| decomposition dynamics and structural plant components of genetically modified bt maize leaves do not differ from leaves of conventional hybrids. | the cultivation of genetically modified bt maize has raised environmental concerns, as large amounts of plant residues remain in the field and may negatively impact the soil ecosystem. in a field experiment, decomposition of leaf residues from three genetically modified (two expressing the cry1ab, one the cry3bb1 protein) and six non-transgenic hybrids (the three corresponding non-transformed near-isolines and three conventional hybrids) was investigated using litterbags. to elucidate the mechan ... | 2010 | 19609704 |
| development of a pcr assay for identification of the bacillus cereus group species. | a pcr technique was developed as a reliable and rapid identification method for the bacillus cereus group species, based on a unique conserved sequence of the motb gene (encoding flagellar motor protein) from b. cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis. | 2010 | 19583794 |
| a case of "pseudo science"? a study claiming effects of the cry1ab protein on larvae of the two-spotted ladybird is reminiscent of the case of the green lacewing. | 2010 | 19565349 | |
| a novel mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis strain llp29 isolated from the phylloplane of magnolia denudata. | eleven bacillus thuringiensis isolates were recovered from phylloplanes of magnolia denudata, a specific source of new strains of b. thuringiensis. among these, a new strain, llp29, was found to be most toxic to mosquitoes based on the results of preliminary toxicity analysis. phase contrast microscopy, mosquitocidal activity, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis and parasporal inclusion were performed to learn more about the characteristics of this novel mosquitocidal isolate. the lc(50) va ... | 2010 | 19577911 |
| survey of bacterial populations present in us-produced linerboard with high recycle content. | to survey paperboard products from 17 us mills for bacterial populations and for bacteria potentially harmful to human health. | 2010 | 19645765 |
| helicoverpa armigera cadherin fragment enhances cry1ac insecticidal activity by facilitating toxin-oligomer formation. | the interaction between bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein cry1a and cadherin receptors in lepidopteran insects induces toxin oligomerization, which is essential for membrane insertion and mediates cry1a toxicity. it has been reported that manduca sexta cadherin fragment cr12-mped and anopheles gambiae cadherin fragment cr11-mped enhance the insecticidal activity of cry1ab and cry4ba to certain lepidopteran and dipteran larvae species, respectively. this study reports that a hel ... | 2010 | 19652967 |
| nutritional evaluation of transgenic cottonseed in the ration of lactating dairy cows. | the effects of feeding transgenic (bt) whole cottonseed (wcs) were studied in lactating cows. twenty multiparous crossbred cows (karan swiss x karan fries) in early lactation were given a concentrate mixture containing 40% crushed delinted non-transgenic (non-bt) wcs, 2 kg wheat straw and green fodder ad lib for a 15-day adaptation period. thereafter, the cows were divided in two similar groups of 10 each on the basis of milk yield, body weight (bw) and date of calving. the non-bt control group ... | 2010 | 19701795 |
| differential transfer dynamics of paw63 plasmid among members of the bacillus cereus group in food microcosms. | to assess the dynamics of plasmid transfer between bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus in various food microcosms using the b. thuringiensis paw63 and staphylococcus aureus pub110 plasmids as models. | 2010 | 19709333 |
| new approach for the detection of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes in bacillus strains by polymerase chain reaction. | bacillus strains produce non-ribosomal lipopeptides that can be grouped into three families: surfactins or lichenysins, iturins and fengycins or plispastatins. these biosurfactants show a broad spectrum of biological activities. to detect strains able to produce these lipopeptides, a new polymerase chain reaction screening approach was developed using degenerated primers based on the intraoperon alignment of adenylation and thiolation nucleic acid domains of all enzymes implicated in the biosynt ... | 2010 | 19730852 |
| extrapolating non-target risk of bt crops from laboratory to field. | the tiered approach to assessing ecological risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops assumes that lower tier laboratory studies, which expose surrogate non-target organisms to high doses of insecticidal proteins, can detect harmful effects that might be manifested in the field. to test this assumption, we performed meta-analyses comparing results for non-target invertebrates exposed to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry proteins in laboratory studies with results derived from independent field stu ... | 2010 | 19740894 |
| codon optimization of cry1ab gene for hyper expression in plant organelles. | with the advent of genetic manipulation techniques, it has become possible to clone and insert gene into the genome of crop plants to confer resistance to insects and pests. resistance to insects has been demonstrating in transgenic plants either by triggering defense system of plants or by expressing heterologous cry genes for delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis. in the present study, synthetic cry1ab gene was developed with optimized chloroplast preferred codons and is expressed in to ... | 2010 | 19757171 |
| evidence of field-evolved resistance to cry1ac-expressing bt cotton in helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in northern china. | evolution of resistance threatens the continued success of transgenic crops expressing insecticidal proteins. one of the key factors for successful resistance management is the timely implementation of monitoring programmes to detect early changes of resistance allele frequency in field populations. f(1)/f(2) screen, dose-response bioassays and field survey were used to monitor resistance to the cry1ac-expressing cotton in a field population of helicoverpa armigera (hübner), the primary target o ... | 2010 | 19764057 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab and cry3aa endotoxins on predatory coleoptera tested through artificial diet-incorporation bioassays. | traditional approaches to studying the effects of genetically modified (gm) crops on beneficial insects involve either field assays, comparing insect population levels between control and gm crops or tritrophic bioassays with contaminated insects - usually larvae or eggs of lepidoptera - as preys. here, we report the results of a bioassay using an artificial diet, suitable for predatory coleoptera, to supply bacillus thuringiensis (bt) solubilized cry1ab and cry3aa as well as trypsin-activated c ... | 2010 | 19781113 |
| use of maize pollen by adult chrysoperla carnea (neuroptera: chrysopidae) and fate of cry proteins in bt-transgenic varieties. | we investigated the use of maize pollen as food by adult chrysoperla carnea under laboratory and field conditions. exposure of the insects to insecticidal cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) contained in pollen of transgenic maize was also assessed. female c. carnea were most abundant in a maize field when the majority of plants were flowering and fresh pollen was abundant. field-collected females contained an average of approximately 5000 maize pollen grains in their gut at the peak o ... | 2010 | 19782688 |
| measurements of cry1f binding and activity of luminal gut proteases in susceptible and cry1f resistant ostrinia nubilalis larvae (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the biochemical mechanism of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis cry1f toxin was studied in a laboratory-selected strain of ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) showing more than 3000-fold resistance to cry1f and limited cross resistance to other cry toxins. analyses of cry1f binding to brush border membrane vesicles of midgut epithelia from susceptible and resistant larvae using ligand immunoblotting and surface plasmon resonance (spr) suggested that reduced binding of cry1 ... | 2010 | 19766122 |
| isolation, characterization and anti-cancer activity of sk84, a novel glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide from drosophila virilis. | we report herein the isolation and characterization of a novel glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide purified from the larvae of drosophila virilis. a range of chromatographic methods was used for isolation and its antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis was employed to screen for the most active fractions. the peptide, termed sk84 due to its n-terminal serine, c-terminal lysine and a total of 84 residues, was completed sequenced using rt-pcr cdna cloning. sk84 contains a high level of gly ... | 2010 | 19799950 |
| comparative analysis of the virulence of invertebrate and mammalian pathogenic bacteria in the oral insect infection model galleria mellonella. | infection of galleria mellonella by feeding a mixture of bacillus thuringiensis spores or vegetative bacteria in association with the toxin cry1c results in high levels of larval mortality. under these conditions the toxin or bacteria have minimal effects on the larva when inoculated separately. in order to evaluate whether g. mellonella can function as an oral infection model for human and entomo-bacterial pathogens, we tested strains of bacillus cereus, bacillus anthracis, enterococcus faecali ... | 2010 | 19800349 |
| do genetically modified plants impact arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi? | the development and use of genetically modified plants (gmps), as well as their ecological risks have been a topic of considerable public debate since they were first released in 1996. to date, no consistent conclusions have been drawn dealing with ecological risks on soil microorganisms of gmps for the present incompatible empirical data. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf), important in regulating aboveground and underground processes in ecosystems, are the most crucial soil microbial community ... | 2010 | 19806453 |
| overview on current status of biotechnological interventions on yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: crambidae) resistance in rice. | yellow stem borer (ysb), scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: crambidae), a monophagous pest of paddy is considered as most important pest of rain fed low land and flood prone rice eco-systems. breeding of yellow stem borer resistance in rice is difficult owing to the complex genetics of the trait, inherent difficulties in screening and poor understanding of the genetics of resistance. on the other hand, a good level of resistance against the widespread yellow stem borer has been rare in the ric ... | 2010 | 19811767 |
| confirmation of a predicted lack of ige binding to cry3bb1 from genetically modified (gm) crops. | some gm crops including mon863 corn and stack varieties contain cry3bb1 protein. cry3bb1 is very important from the standpoint of assessing the safety of gm crops. in this study cry3bb1 was assessed from the standpoint of possible binding to ige from allergy patients. first, an elisa that was improved in our laboratory was used to test serum samples from 13 corn allergy patients in the united states with recombinant cry3bb1 expressed in escherichia coli, and serum samples from 55 patients in jap ... | 2010 | 19818822 |
| characterisation and expression of a novel holotype crystal protein gene, cry56aa1, from bacillus thuringiensis strain ywc2-8. | bacillus thuringiensis isolate ywc2-8, from soil in sichuan basin in western china, contains a spherical crystal harbouring two insecticidal crystal proteins with masses of 70 kda and 130 kda. a novel cry-type gene, encoding a 664 amino acid protein with 34% homology to cry29aa1, was found and cloned from this strain. this gene belongs to a novel holotype cry and is designated as cry56aa1. it was expressed in e. coli. insecticidal activity assays showed that recombinant cry56aa1 was toxic to bot ... | 2010 | 19838632 |
| cloning of circular dnas from microorganisms using a novel plasmid capture system. | plasmid capture system (pcs) facilitates cloning and manipulation of circular double-stranded dna. we recently developed an improved pcs (pcs-lz) to clone relatively large dna molecules of 30-150 kb. the pcs-lz donor consists of a mini-f replicon and a kanamycin resistance marker between tn7 left and tn7 right ends. both the replicon and marker gene of the pcs-lz donor are transferred into target plasmid dnas by in vitro transposition, followed by replication in e. coli. colonies are tested for ... | 2010 | 19838822 |
| paternally derived immune priming for offspring in the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum. | 1. parasitized females in mammals, fish and birds can enhance the immune defence of their offspring by transferring specific antibodies for the embryo. likewise, social insect mothers transfer immunity despite the fact that invertebrates lack antibodies. 2. female trans-generational immune priming is consistent with parental investment theory, because mothers invest more into rearing their offspring than fathers. however, when immune priming is not directly linked to parental care, as is often t ... | 2010 | 19840170 |
| regulation of the seasonal population patterns of helicoverpa armigera moths by bt cotton planting. | transgenic cotton expressing the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac toxin has been commercially cultivated in china since 1997, and by 2000 bt cotton had almost completely replaced non-transgenic cotton cultivars. to evaluate the impact of bt cotton planting on the seasonal population patterns of cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, the dynamics of h. armigera moths were monitored with light traps from four locations (xiajin, linqing and dingtao of shandong province; guantao of hebei province) ... | 2010 | 19847665 |
| proteomic analysis of novel cry1ac binding proteins in helicoverpa armigera (hübner). | aminopeptidase n (apn) and cadherin-like proteins have been previously identified as cry1ac-binding proteins in helicoverpa armigera (hübner). in this study, a proteomic approach was used to identify novel cry1ac-binding proteins in h. armigera. brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) of h. armigera were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de). cry1ac-binding proteins were detected using antisera against cry1ac. peptide mass fingerprinting (pmf) was used to identify c ... | 2010 | 19847794 |
| determination and distribution of cry-type genes in halophilc bacillus thuringiensis isolates of arabian sea sedimentary rocks. | bacillus thuringiensis produces insecticidal crystal during its sporulation phase. in this study, marine sediments from arabian sea along coastal area of pakistan were examined for the occurrence of b. thuringiensis. on the basis of morphological and biochemical properties, 31 out of 200 colonies were assigned to b. thuringiensis. isolated strains were characterized on the basis of cry genes profile. pcr approach was used to analyze the presence of different crystal toxin encoding genes with six ... | 2010 | 19850456 |
| structure and regulation of the gab gene cluster, involved in the gamma-aminobutyric acid shunt, are controlled by a sigma54 factor in bacillus thuringiensis. | the structure and regulation of the gab gene cluster, involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) shunt, were studied by characterizing gabt and gabd genes cloned from bacillus thuringiensis. deletions of the gabt and gabd genes in b. thuringiensis strain hd-73 did not affect the growth of mutant strains in rich culture media, but the growth of a gabt deletion mutant strain was reduced in basic media (containing 0.2% gaba). genome analysis indicates that the structure of the gab gene cluster in b ... | 2010 | 19854901 |
| managing the risk of insect resistance to transgenic insect control traits: practical approaches in local environments. | growers have enthusiastically embraced crops genetically modified to express bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins for insect control because they provide excellent protection from key damaging insect pests around the world. bt crops also offer superior environmental and health benefits while increasing grower income. however, insect resistance development is an important concern for all stakeholders, including growers, technology providers and seed companies that develop these genetically modifi ... | 2010 | 19856320 |
| demographic responses of daphnia magna fed transgenic bt-maize. | the food/feed quality of a variety of genetically modified (gm) maize expressing cry1ab bt-toxin was tested over the life-cycle of daphnia magna, an arthropod commonly used as model organism in ecotoxicological studies. demographic responses were compared between animals fed gm or unmodified (um) near isogenic maize, with and without the addition of predator smell. age-specific data on survival and birth rates were integrated and analysed using life tables and leslie matrices. survival, fecundit ... | 2010 | 19859805 |
| characterization of isbth4, a functional new is231 variant from bacillus thuringiensis mex312. | a new insertion variant of is231 family, designated isbth4, was identified from bacillus thuringiensis mex312. isbth4 is 2046bp in length and is delimited by two 17bp inverted repeats (ir) with one mismatch, flanked by two perfect 11bp direct repeats (dr). isbth4 contains two open reading frames (orfs), orf1 and orf2, which encode 72 and 473 amino acids, respectively. multiple sequence alignments revealed that the potential transposase of isbth4 contained five conserved domains n1, n2, n3, c1 an ... | 2010 | 19879290 |
| effect of fermentation conditions on the enterotoxigenicity, cytotoxicity and pesticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated in taiwan. | a total of 75 bacillus thuringiensis strains, among them 62 of taiwan's microbiota, were screened for their enterotoxin genes, hemolysin bl activity and cytotoxicity. all the strains harbored enterotoxin genes and were cytotoxic to the cultivated chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. the hemolysin bl and cytotoxicity titers of the b. thuringiensis culture in casitone yeast sucrose (cys) broth were lower than those in brain heart infusion (bhi) broth, and when the b. thuringiensis strains were culti ... | 2010 | 19880313 |
| periorbital cellulitis caused by bacillus thuringiensis. | periorbital cellulitis is an inflammation of the lids and periorbital tissues without signs of true involvement such as proptosis or limitation of eye movement. | 2010 | 19882531 |
| rapid cloning, identification, and application of one novel crystal protein gene cry30fa1 from bacillus thuringiensis. | in this study, a fast and efficient strategy has been developed for identifying and isolating novel cry genes from bacillus thuringiensis by combining the pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism and the single-oligonucleotide nested-pcr method. using this method, one novel holotype cry gene, cry30fa1, encoding a polypeptide of 687 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 77.1 kda, 74% identical to cry30aa1, was cloned from the b. thuringiensis strain btmc28. furthermore, the cry30fa1 ge ... | 2010 | 19895642 |
| batch and fed-batch fermentation of bacillus thuringiensis using starch industry wastewater as fermentation substrate. | bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki biopesticide was produced in batch and fed-batch fermentation modes using starch industry wastewater as sole substrate. fed-batch fermentation with two intermittent feeds (at 10 and 20 h) during the fermentation of 72 h gave the maximum delta-endotoxin concentration (1,672.6 mg/l) and entomotoxicity (tx) (18.5 x 10(6) sbu/ml) in fermented broth which were significantly higher than maximum delta-endotoxin concentration (511.0 mg/l) and tx (15.8 x 10(6) sbu/ml) ... | 2010 | 19888605 |
| degradation of cry1ab protein from genetically modified maize (mon810) in relation to total dietary feed proteins in dairy cow digestion. | to investigate the relative degradation and fragmentation pattern of the recombinant cry1ab protein from genetically modified (gm) maize mon810 throughout the gastrointestinal tract (git) of dairy cows, a 25 months gm maize feeding study was conducted on 36 lactating bavarian fleckvieh cows allocated into two groups (18 cows per group) fed diets containing either gm maize mon810 or nearly isogenic non-gm maize as the respective diet components. all cows were fed a partial total mixed ration (ptm ... | 2010 | 19888668 |
| partial purification and characterization of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) active aminopeptidase secreted in midgut. | we report the partial purification to apparent homogeneity of a soluble aminopeptidase (ec 3.4.11.1) from midgut of helicoverpa armigera larvae, which preferentially degraded leucine p-nitroanilide (lpna). after midgut isolation, extraction and precipitation of soluble proteins with acetone, proteins were purified in two consecutive steps including gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatographies. aminopeptidase activity was increased 8.95 fold after gel filtration chromatography. the purified e ... | 2010 | 19913106 |
| bacillus thuringiensis serovars bolivia, vazensis and navarrensis meet the description of bacillus weihenstephanensis. | the bacillus cereus sensu lato group comprises six related species: b. cereus, b. anthracis, b. thuringiensis, b. mycoides, b. pseudomycoides and b. weihenstephanensis. bacillus thuringiensis is a mesophile. it is distinguished from other members of the b. cereus group by the apparition of an inclusion body upon sporulation. b. weihenstephanensis, however, is a psychrotolerant. it grows at 7 degrees c but not at 43 degrees c. it is further characterised by the presence of specific signature sequ ... | 2010 | 19937033 |
| wood losses and economical threshold of btk aerial spray operation against spruce budworm. | spruce budworm, choristoneura fumiferana (clem.), causes cumulative defoliation and hence annual growth loss of the balsam fir, abies balsamea (l.) mill, host tree. annual growth increments of mixed balsam fir stands were measured by stem analysis over a 9 year period (1994-2002), when bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki (btk) was applied to control spruce budworm defoliation. with this approach, it was possible to quantify the change in stand volume growth after aerial spray applications of bt ... | 2010 | 19938000 |
| high species richness of chironomidae (diptera) in temporary flooded wetlands associated with high species turn-over rates. | species richness and species turn-over of chironomidae was studied in irregularly flooded wetlands of the river dalälven flood-plains in central sweden. the chironomid fauna, sampled with emergence traps in six wetlands over six summers, contained as much as 135 species, and the cumulative species curves indicated that the regional species pool contain several more species. recurrent irregular floods may have induced this high chironomid species richness and the high species turn-over in the tem ... | 2010 | 19939319 |
| influence of environmental factors on the response of a natural population of daphnia magna (crustacea: cladocera) to spinosad and bacillus thuringiensis israelensis in mediterranean coastal wetlands. | the present study was undertaken to assess the impact of a candidate mosquito larvicide, spinosad (8, 17 and 33 microg l(-1)) on a field population of daphnia magna under natural variations of water temperature and salinity, using bti (0.16 and 0.50 microl l(-1)) as the reference larvicide. microcosms (125 l) were placed in a shallow temporary marsh where d. magna was naturally present. the peak of salinity observed during the 21-day observation period may have been partly responsible for the de ... | 2010 | 19939529 |
| isolation and characterization of hyper phenol tolerant bacillus sp. from oil refinery and exploration sites. | bacillus cereus mtcc 9817 strain akg1 and b. cereus mtcc 9818 strain akg2 were isolated from petroleum refinery and oil exploration site, respectively. the 16s rdna sequence of strain akg1 showed the closest relation to b. cereus 99.63% and bacillus coagulans 99.63% followed by 99.34% homology with bacillus thuringiensis strain 2pr56-10. akg2 is mostly related to b. thuringiensis strain cmg 861 with 99.37% homology. the similarity search between akg1 and akg2 gave the lowest similarity 99.19% am ... | 2010 | 19945784 |
| alanine scanning analyses of the three major loops in domain ii of bacillus thuringiensis mosquitocidal toxin cry4aa. | cry4aa produced by bacillus thuringiensis is a dipteran-specific toxin and is of great interest for developing a bioinsecticide to control mosquitoes. therefore, it is very important to characterize the functional motif of cry4aa that is responsible for its mosquitocidal activity. in this study, to characterize a potential receptor binding site, namely, loops 1, 2, and 3 in domain ii, we constructed a series of cry4aa mutants in which a residue in these three loops was replaced with alanine. a b ... | 2010 | 19948851 |
| conjugative transfer of insecticidal plasmid pht73 from bacillus thuringiensis to b. anthracis and compatibility of this plasmid with pxo1 and pxo2. | bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax, is genetically close to and commonly shares a giant gene pool with b. cereus and b. thuringiensis. in view of the human pathogenicity and the long persistence in the environment of b. anthracis, there is growing concern about the effects of genetic exchange with b. anthracis on public health. in this work, we demonstrate that an insecticidal plasmid, pht73, from b. thuringiensis strain kt0 could be efficiently transferred into two attenuated b. ... | 2010 | 19948871 |
| an alpha-amylase is a novel receptor for bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis cry4ba and cry11aa toxins in the malaria vector mosquito anopheles albimanus (diptera: culicidae). | bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (bti) produces four cry toxins (cry4aa, cry4ba, cry10aa and cry11aa), and two cyt proteins (cyt1aa and cyt2ba), toxic to mosquito-larvae of the genus aedes, anopheles and culex, important human disease vectors that transmit dengue virus, malaria and filarial parasites respectively. previous work showed that bti is highly toxic to anopheles albimanus, the main vector for transmission of malaria in mexico. in this work, we analysed the toxicity of isolated c ... | 2010 | 20002140 |
| activity of bacillus thuringiensis hybrid protein against a lepidopteran and a coleopteran pest. | the use of cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis are an important strategy for biological control. recently it has been demonstrated that cry hybrid proteins (by domain swapping) resulted in improved toxicities in comparison with parental proteins. here, an sn1917 hybrid toxin was constructed and tested against colombian pest insects tecia solanivora (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), a severe potato pest, and hypothenemus hampei (coleoptera: scolytidae), which attacks coffee crops. the sn1917 proto ... | 2010 | 20002185 |
| gamma irradiation as a biological decontaminant and its effect on common fingermark detection techniques and dna profiling. | the use of disease-causing organisms and their toxins against the civilian population has defined bioterrorism and opened forensic science up to the challenges of processing contaminated evidence. this study sought to determine the use of gamma irradiation as an effective biological decontaminant and its effect on the recovery of latent fingermarks from both porous and nonporous items. test items were contaminated with viable spores marked with latent prints and then decontaminated using a cobal ... | 2010 | 20002271 |
| pretreatment of poultry litter improves bacillus thuringiensis-based biopesticides production. | pretreated poultry litter was used in batch cultures for the production of bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-based biopesticide of lepidoptera- and diptera-specific cry1 and cry2, diptera-specific cry4ba and cry11aa and coleoptera-specific cry3aa toxins by bt subsp. kurstaki 81, subsp. israelensis hd500 and subsp. tenebrionis 3203, respectively. bt kurstaki 81 showed improved growth and produced more toxin in this medium as compared to other subspecies. base and acid hydrolysis were tested as the meth ... | 2010 | 20006924 |
| occurrence and field densities of coleoptera in the maize herb layer: implications for environmental risk assessment of genetically modified bt-maize. | beetles (coleoptera) are a diverse and ecologically important group of insects in agricultural systems. the environmental risk assessment (era) of genetically modified bt-crop varieties with insect resistances thus needs to consider and assess the potential negative impacts on non-target organisms belonging to this group. we analysed data gathered during 6 years of field-release experiments on the impact of two genetically modified bt-maize varieties (ostrinia-resistant mon810 and diabrotica-res ... | 2010 | 20012775 |
| genome scan in the mosquito aedes rusticus: population structure and detection of positive selection after insecticide treatment. | identification of genes involved in local adaptation is particularly challenging for species functioning as a network of interconnected populations undergoing frequent extinctions-recolonizations, because populations are submitted to contrasted evolutionary pressures. using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, population genetic structure of the mosquito aedes rusticus was analysed in five geographical areas of the french rhône-alpes region. we included a number of sites that were tre ... | 2010 | 20015143 |
| development of a personal bioaerosol sampler based on a conical cyclone with recirculating liquid film. | this article describes the development of a novel, high-performance personal aerosol sampler intended to monitor occupational air pollution, specifically, microbial constituents. this prototype sampler has a horizontally positioned conical cyclone with recirculating liquid film and an ejection supply of adsorptive liquid into the inlet nozzle. airborne pollutants were collected in the adsorptive liquid, thus improving the survivability of microbiological aerosol samples. experimental modules of ... | 2010 | 20017057 |
| adhesion of spores of bacillus thuringiensis on a planar surface. | adhesion of spores of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and spherical silica particles on surfaces was experimentally and theoretically investigated in this study. topography analysis via atomic force microscopy (afm) and electron microscopy indicates that bt spores are rod shaped, approximately 1.3 mum in length and approximately 0.8 mum in diameter. the adhesion force of bt spores and silica particles on gold-coated glass was measured at various relative humidity (rh) levels by afm. it was expected ... | 2010 | 19928904 |
| variant cry1ia toxins generated by dna shuffling are active against sugarcane giant borer. | sugarcane giant borer (telchin licus licus) is a serious sugarcane pest in americas whose endophytic lifestyle hampers effective chemical and biological controls. therefore, development of alternative control methods is extremely important. envisaging development of transgenic plants resistant to this pest, we investigated the effect of the bacillus thuringiensis cry protein cry1ia12synth (truncated protein lacking c-terminus with plant codon usage) and variants against t. l. licus. cry1ia12synt ... | 2010 | 19931577 |
| physical characteristics of spores of food-associated isolates of the bacillus cereus group. | all 47 food-borne isolates of bacillus cereus sensu stricto, as well as 10 of 12 food-borne, enterotoxigenic isolates of bacillus thuringiensis, possessed appendages. spores were moderately to highly hydrophobic, and each had a net negative charge. these characteristics indicate that spores of food-associated b. thuringiensis and not only b. cereus sensu stricto have high potential to adhere to inert surfaces. | 2010 | 20023097 |
| impact of bacillus thuringiensis strains on survival, reproduction and foraging behaviour in bumblebees (bombus terrestris). | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and its protein crystals are used worldwide, either as a spray or when expressed in transgenic crops, for the control of pest insects. however, owing to their intensive use, there exists a debate regarding the involvement of this microbial insecticide in bee colony losses. in this study, in a tiered approach using laboratory microcolonies, an evaluation was made of the potential lethal and sublethal hazards on colony reproduction and foraging behaviour of workers of t ... | 2010 | 20024947 |
| characterisation and toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis strains from hazelnut pests and fields. | in order to find and identify more toxic insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) strains, a survey was carried out of b. thuringiensis isolate pests belonging to coleoptera, lepidoptera and diptera and from soils in hazelnut fields. of 16 isolates having bacillus cereus-b. thuringiensis morphology, eight were classified as b. thuringiensis because of the production of parasporal delta-endotoxin crystals. | 2010 | 20024949 |
| evaluation of probiotic characteristics of siderophoregenic bacillus spp. isolated from dairy waste. | siderophoregenic bacillus strain det9 has been selectively isolated from dairy waste. it was evaluated for probiotic characteristics and susceptibility pattern against antibiotics. its spores showed excellent tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions and exhibited antimicrobial activity against organisms such as escherichia coli, micrococcus flavus, and staphylococcus aureus. its susceptibility to antibiotics reduces the prospect to donate resistance determinants if administered i ... | 2010 | 19280126 |
| production of wetland chironomidae (diptera) and the effects of using bacillus thuringiensis israelensis for mosquito control. | massive mosquito nuisance problems, caused by the flood-water mosquito aedes sticticus, occur after floods in the flood plains of the river dalälven, central sweden. since 2002, the biological mosquito larvicide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) has been used to control these mosquitoes. here, we report results from the first six years of monitoring chironomidae, the most susceptible non-target organisms, in three wetlands with bti-treatment against mosquitoes and in three wetlands w ... | 2010 | 19497137 |
| risk assessment of toxins derived from bacillus thuringiensis-synergism, efficacy, and selectivity. | this review deals with publications concerning the mode of action of bt proteins and their potential synergism with extrinsic factors. the aim was to assess the impact of those factors especially regarding selectivity and efficacy of bt toxins and to discuss possible gaps in current risk assessment of genetically engineered plants expressing bt toxins. | 2010 | 19557450 |
| adaptive management of pest resistance by helicoverpa species (noctuidae) in australia to the cry2ab bt toxin in bollgard ii® cotton. | in australia, monitoring helicoverpa species for resistance to the cry2ab toxin in second generation bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton has precisely fulfilled its intended function: to warn of increases in resistance frequencies that may lead to field failures of the technology. prior to the widespread adoption of two-gene bt cotton, the frequency of cry2ab resistance alleles was at least 0.001 in h. armigera and h. punctigera. in the 5 years hence, there has been a significant and apparently e ... | 2010 | 25567948 |
| evolutionary ecology of insect adaptation to bt crops. | transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins are used worldwide to control major pests of corn and cotton. development of strategies to delay the evolution of pest resistance to bt crops requires an understanding of factors affecting responses to natural selection, which include variation in survival on bt crops, heritability of resistance, and fitness advantages associated with resistance mutations. the two main strategies adopted for delaying resistance are the refuge and pyra ... | 2010 | 25567947 |
| characterization of native bacillus thuringiensis strains by pcr-rapd based fingerprinting. | seventy isolates of bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from soil samples collected from cotton fields. these isolates were characterized by randomly amplified poylmorphic dna (rapd) markers to determine their genetic diversity pattern based on their source of origin. different random decamer primers were used for rapd amplification, which generated a total of 1935 fragments; of these 1865 were polymorphic and 68 monomorphic. the primers opa03, opa08, opd14, opd19, opd20, ope17 and opd19 produc ... | 2010 | 23100804 |
| multiplex pcr assay for the detection of enterotoxic bacillus cereus group strains and its application in food matrices. | bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis are the major concerns for the food safety in terms of frequency and/or seriousness of the disease. being members of the same group and sharing dna homology to a larger extent, they do create problems when their specific detection/identification is attempted from different food and environmental sources. numerous individual polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and few multiplex pcr (mpcr) methods have been employed to detect these organis ... | 2010 | 23100823 |
| effect on soil chemistry of genetically modified (gm) vs. non-gm maize. | the effects of genetically modified (gm) maize (zea mays l.) expressing the bacillus thuringiensis berliner cry1fa2 protein (bt) and phosphinothricin or glyphosate herbicide tolerance on soil chemistry (organic matter, n, p, k and ph), compared with non-gm controls, were assessed in field and pot experiments. in the field experiment, nh(4)(+) was significantly higher in soil under the crop modified for herbicide tolerance compared to the control (mean values of 11 and 9.6 mg n/kg respectively) w ... | 2010 | 21844670 |
| cost-effective production of bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides by solid-state fermentation using wastewater sludge: effects of heavy metals. | this study demonstrated the feasibility to produce bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (btk) based biopesticides using wastewater sludge as raw materials under solid-state fermentation (ssf). more than 10(10) cfu/g viable cells of btk were obtained using sludge or its mixture with agricultural wastes. this study well considered the effect of heavy metals on btk growth and their changes of chemical speciation caused by ssf. the ic(50) (concentration causing 50% inhibition in total cell biomass ... | 2010 | 21295967 |
| multi-generation effects of bt rice on anagrus nilaparvatae, a parasitoid of the nontarget pest nilapavarta lugens. | little is known about the potential cumulative long-term effects of transgenic crops on nontarget organisms. in the present laboratory study, the potential cumulative effects of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) rice on parasitoids in successive generations were observed for an egg parasitoid, anagrus nilaparvatae parasitizing eggs of nilaparvata lugens (stål) (hemiptera: delphacidae) feeding on bt rice. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test confirmed that cry1ab insecticidal protein coul ... | 2010 | 22182572 |
| family portrait of bacillus cereus and bacillus weihenstephanensis cereulide-producing strains. | two thousand bacillus cereus sensu lato isolates from food and environmental matrices were screened by pcr for the presence of cereulide-producing strains. this survey identified 73 potential emetic strains, most of which originated from non-random food and clinical samplings. none of the 460 bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus mycoides and bacillus pseudomycoides strains were pcr-positive for the cereulide genetic determinants. the chromosomal and extrachromosomal gene pool diversity of a subset o ... | 2009 | 23765791 |
| structural and functional analysis of giant strong component of bacillus thuringiensis metabolic network. | the purpose of this work was to study the giant strong component (gsc) of b. thuringiensis metabolic network by structural and functional analysis. based on so-called "bow tie" structure, we extracted and studied gsc with its functional significance. global structural properties such as degree distribution and average path length were computed and indicated that the gsc is also a small-world and scale-free network. furthermore, the gsc was decomposed and functional significant for metabolism of ... | 2009 | 24031381 |
| expressed sequence tags from larval gut of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis): exploring candidate genes potentially involved in bacillus thuringiensis toxicity and resistance. | lepidoptera represents more than 160,000 insect species which include some of the most devastating pests of crops, forests, and stored products. however, the genomic information on lepidopteran insects is very limited. only a few studies have focused on developing expressed sequence tag (est) libraries from the guts of lepidopteran larvae. knowledge of the genes that are expressed in the insect gut are crucial for understanding basic physiology of food digestion, their interactions with bacillus ... | 2009 | 19558725 |
| characterization of the mechanism of action of the genetically modified cry1abmod toxin that is active against cry1ab-resistant insects. | bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins are used in the control of insect pests. they are pore-forming toxins with a complex mechanism that involves the sequential interaction with receptors. they are produced as protoxins, which are activated by midgut proteases. activated toxin binds to cadherin receptor, inducing an extra cleavage including helix alpha-1, facilitating the formation of a pre-pore oligomer. the toxin oligomer binds to secondary receptors such as aminopeptidase and inserts into lipid ... | 2009 | 19559004 |
| induced production of chitinase to enhance entomotoxicity of bacillus thuringiensis employing starch industry wastewater as a substrate. | induced production of chitinase during bioconversion of starch industry wastewater (siw) to bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1 (btk) based biopesticides was studied in shake flask as well as in computer-controlled fermentors. siw was fortified with different concentrations (0%; 0.05%; 0.1%; 0.2%; 0.3% w/v) of colloidal chitin and its consequences were ascertained in terms of btk growth (total cell count and viable spore count), chitinase, protease and amylase activities and entomotoxicity ... | 2009 | 19564105 |
| two novel transposon delivery vectors based on mariner transposon for random mutagenesis of bacillus thuringiensis. | two new mariner transposon delivery vector systems, pmara333 and pmarb333, had been constructed to randomly mutagenize bacillus thuringiensis in vivo. the results showed that both systems could randomly insert into the genome of b. thuringiensis ybt881 (ccam 020673). these systems could have potential for further construction of mutant libraries of b. thuringiensis and other bacillus strains. | 2009 | 19539665 |
| bacillus thuringiensis bel protein enhances the toxicity of cry1ac protein to helicoverpa armigera larvae by degrading insect intestinal mucin. | bacillus thuringiensis has been used as a bioinsecticide to control agricultural insects. bacillus cereus group genomes were found to have a bacillus enhancin-like (bel) gene, encoding a peptide with 20 to 30% identity to viral enhancin protein, which can enhance viral infection by degradation of the peritrophic matrix (pm) of the insect midgut. in this study, the bel gene was found to have an activity similar to that of the viral enhancin gene. a bel knockout mutant was constructed by using a p ... | 2009 | 19542344 |
| nmr metabolic profiling of transgenic maize with the cry1ab gene. | the metabolic profiles of seeds from the transgenic maize variety 33p67 and of the corresponding traditional variety were investigated using one- and two-dimensional nmr techniques. the transgenic variety carries a functional cry1a(b) gene, which confers to the plant the ability to produce bt insect toxin. about 40 water-soluble metabolites in the maize seed extracts were identified, providing a more complete (1)h and (13)c nmr assignment with respect to the assignment reported in the literature ... | 2009 | 19545151 |
| fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c monitors the interplay of substrate and activator lipid binding. | phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) enzymes simultaneously interact with the substrate, pi, and with nonsubstrate lipids such as phosphatidylcholine (pc). for bacillus thuringiensis pi-plc these interactions are synergistic with maximal catalytic activity observed at low to moderate mole fractions of pc (x(pc)) and maximal binding occurring at low mole fractions of anionic lipids. it has been proposed that residues in alpha-helix b help to modulate membrane binding and that di ... | 2009 | 19548649 |
| cloning and characterization of the cry1ac-binding alkaline phosphatase (hvalp) from heliothis virescens. | membrane-bound alkaline phosphatases (malps, ec 3.1.3.1) in the insect midgut have been reported as functional receptors for cry toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. we previously reported the identification of hvalp in the midgut of heliothis virescens larvae as a cry1ac-binding protein that is down-regulated in cry1ac-resistant insects. to further characterize hvalp, we localized malp protein to foregut and midgut tissues using anti-malp serum and then cloned five malps from h. vi ... | 2009 | 19552892 |
| a mid-gut microbiota is not required for the pathogenicity of bacillus thuringiensis to diamondback moth larvae. | the mode of action of the entomopathogenic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) remains a matter of debate. recent reports have claimed that aseptic lepidopteran hosts were not susceptible to bt and that inoculation with mid-gut bacteria restores pathogenicity. these claims are controversial because larvae were rendered aseptic by consuming antibiotics, although the effect of these antibiotics on bt was not examined. we tested the generality of the mid-gut bacteria hypothesis in the diamondback ... | 2009 | 19555371 |
| direct detection of genomic dna with fluidic force discrimination assays. | herein, we describe the direct detection of genomic dna using fluidic force discrimination (ffd) assays. starting with extracted bacterial dna, samples are fragmented by restriction enzymes or sonication, then thermocycled in the presence of blocking and labeling sequences, and finally detected with microbead-based ffd assays. both strain and species identification of extracted bacillus dna have been demonstrated in <30 min, without amplification (e.g., pcr). femtomolar assays can be achieved wi ... | 2009 | 19497290 |
| ultrastructure of the alabama argillacea (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) midgut. | the insect midgut has ultimately been the focus of researches tempting to control insect pests because alterations in the insect gut may affect not only its development, but also physiological events such as nutrient absorption and transformation. the objective of the present work was to describe morphologically, histochemically, and ultrastructurally the larva midgut of alabama argillacea (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), a cotton key pest in brazil. light and electronic transmission microscop ... | 2009 | 19497756 |
| normal expression of insect-resistant transgene in progeny of common wild rice crossed with genetically modified rice: its implication in ecological biosafety assessment. | transgene outflow from genetically modified (gm) rice to its wild relatives may cause undesirable ecological consequences. understanding the level of transgene expression in wild rice following gene flow is important for assessing such consequences, providing that transgene escape from gm rice cannot be prevented. to determine the expression of a transgene in common wild rice (oryza rufipogon), we analyzed the content of cry1ac protein in three gm rice lines containing a bt transgene, their f(1) ... | 2009 | 19504082 |
| carabidae population dynamics and temporal partitioning: response to coupled neonicotinoid-transgenic technologies in maize. | insecticidal bt crops and seed treatments represent additional pest management tools for growers, prompting ecological studies comparing their impact on farm system inputs and effects to nontarget organisms compared with conventional practices. using high taxonomic and temporal resolution, we contrast the dominance structure of carabids and dynamics of the most abundant species in maize (both sweet and field corn) agroecosystems using pest management tactics determined by the purchase of seed an ... | 2009 | 19508805 |
| what sets bacillus anthracis apart from other bacillus species? | bacillus anthracis is the cause of anthrax, and two large plasmids are essential for toxicity: pxo1, which contains the toxin genes, and pxo2, which encodes a capsule. b. anthracis forms a highly monomorphic lineage within the b. cereus group, but strains of bacillus thuringiensis and b. cereus exist that are genetically closely related to the b. anthracis cluster. during the past five years b. cereus strains that contain the pxo1 virulence plasmid were discovered, and strains with both pxo1 and ... | 2009 | 19514852 |
| gut bacteria are not required for the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis toward the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. | it was recently proposed that gut bacteria are required for the insecticidal activity of the bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticide, dipel, toward the lepidopterans manduca sexta, pieris rapae, vanessa cardui, and lymantria dispar. using a similar methodology, it was found that gut bacteria were not required for the toxicity of dipel or cry1ac or for the synergism of an otherwise sublethal concentration of cry1ac toward m. sexta. the toxicities of dipel and of b. thuringiensis hd73 cry(-) spor ... | 2009 | 19525273 |