Publications

factors affecting the aggregation of actinomyces naeslundii during growth and in washed cell suspensions.	various factors affecting the aggregation of actinomyces naeslundii strain 12104 were studied. when the ph of glucose-supplemented growth medium fell below 5.5, the cells aggregated and formed microbial masses which tenaciously adhered to the culture vessels. when the organism was cultured in the same medium in the absence of glucose, maximum growth was reduced and the final culture ph values remained above 6.5, but the cells were more dispersed and nonadherent. adjusting the final ph of these c ...	1978	30700
mechanism of coaggregation between actinomyces viscosus t14v and streptococcus sanguis 34.	actinomyces viscosus t14v and streptococcus sanguis 34 coaggregate by a mechanism which is not inhibited by 1 m nacl, is dextran independent, requires calcium, is ph dependent with an optimum at ph 8.0 to 8.5, and appears to require the interaction of a protein or glycoprotein on a. viscosus with a carbohydrate on s. sanguis. the coaggregation is inhibited more than 80% by 0.01 m lactose, 0.02 m beta-methyl-d-galactoside, or 0.05 m d-galactose; inhibition of coaggregation was less than 10% in 0. ...	1978	30701
enchancement of streptococcal transformation yield by proteolytic enzymes.	trypsin and other proteolytic enzymes, added together with transforming dna or during cell-dna contact to competent cultures of several streptococcal strains, enchanced (10 to 600%) the yield of genetic transformation (stimulation). with few exceptions, the level of stimulation was high (over 100%) when competence was low (below 2%). stimulation was caused by the action of an enzyme on competent cells and not on any other component of transformation mixture. the phenomenon occurred when the enzy ...	1978	30748
interrelationships between lactobacilli and streptococci in plaque formation on a tooth in an artificial mouth.		1978	32164
assay and properties of iga protease of streptococcus sanguis.	an assay procedure for streptococcal iga protease is described which uses isotopically labelled human serum iga as substrate. enzyme activity was monitored by the radioactive counts in the fab alpha product, which was separated from other components in the digestion mixture by electrophoresis. cleavage of iga was linear with respect to time using catalytic amounts of the enzyme. km was calculated to be 5.5 x 10(-6)m, ph optimum 6.0-7.0 at 37 degrees c, and the enzyme was fully inactivated at low ...	1978	33542
[purification and some properties of alpha-l-fucosidase isolated from streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557: role of the enzyme in degradation of salivary glycoprotein].		1978	397322
specificity of salivary-bacterial interactions: role of terminal sialic acid residues in the interaction of salivary glycoproteins with streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans.	four highly purified salivary glycoproteins were used to study salivary-bacterial interactions. one pair of glycoproteins was mucin-like in composition, whereas the second pair was not. by an agglutination assay, it was found that only the mucin-glycoproteins agglutinated streptococcus sanguis and s. mutans. removal of sialic acid from these molecules resulted in a loss of agglutination of s. sanguis but not of s. mutans. the agglutination phenomenon was shown to require a salivary macromolecule ...	1978	415001
use of extractable adenosine triphosphate to estimate the viable cell mass in dental plaque samples obtained from monkeys.	the viable cell mass in plaque samples obtained from monkeys was estimated by determining the concentration of extractable adenosine triphosphate (atp), and total cell mass was estimated by measuring the protein content. the results were expressed in terms of the specific atp and protein contents of streptococcus sanguis. the viable counts estimated by these techniques were comparable to or exceeded viable counts obtained by other investigators using conventional bacteriological methods.	1978	417674
transformation of group f streptococci by plasmid dna.	when the challis strain of streptococcus sanguis was transformed by the 17 megadalton beta plasmid from streptococcus faecalis strain ds5, the plasmid underwent a 1.5 megadalton deletion (leblanc & hassell, 1976). furthermore, the covalently closed circular (ccc) plasmid dna isolated from challis transformants was rapidly converted to a linear form which did not possess any detectable transforming activity. to obtain stable ccc plasmid dna a competent culture of a lancefield group f streptococcu ...	1978	418149
co-induction of beta-galactosidase and the lactose-p-enolpyruvate phosphotransferase system in streptococcus salivarius and streptococcus mutans.	the addition of lactose, galactose, or isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside (iptg) to glucose-grown cells of streptococcus salivarius 25975 resulted in the co-induction of both the lactose-p-enolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (lactose-pts) and beta-galactosidase, with the latter the predominant metabolic system. with various strains of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis 10556, on the other hand, the lactose-pts was the major metabolic pathway with beta-galactosidase induced either to ...	1978	214423
inhibition of glucosyltransferase by human salivary immunoglobulin a.	purified glucosyltransferase isolated from streptococcus sanguis omz 9 and different immunoglobulin a from saliva, saliva pellet, and dental plaque were used to study enzyme-antibody interactions. a strong inhibition of glucosyltransferase activity was obtained with the different immunoglobulin a fractions.	1977	832903
physiological differentiation of viridans streptococci.	twelve hundred and twenty-seven clinical isolates and eighty stock strains of viridans streptococci were tested for serological and physiological characteristics. because the serological reactions of these strains varied, a differentiation scheme could not be based on these reactions. for the same reason, there could be no correlation of serological characteristics with physiological characteristics. nearly 97% of the clinical isolates were speciated by differences in physiological characteristi ...	1977	845245
transfection of streptococcus sanguis by phage deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from streptococcus mutans.	streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556 cells were infected with free phage dna of s, mutans strain pk 1. two transformants were isolated which made colonies with large mucoid forms on mitis-salivarius agar. both transformants had an increased ability to synthesize insoluble glucan and showed an adhesive nature on glass surfaces. these characteristics of the transformants bear a resemblance to s. mutans. these transformants had many physiological characteristics by which they could be recognized as s. ...	1977	858646
origin of esterases in human whole saliva.	whole saliva of 59 healthy persons was used for determination of esterase activity. the pattern of esterase was studied by means of isoelectrofocusing on thin-layer acrylamide gels. the esterases found in whole saliva are suggested to be derived from the cells of the tissue in the oral cavity. this origin is indicated (e.g.) by comparison between isolectrophoretic esterase patterns of whole saliva, submandibular saliva, gingival biopsy and fibroblast culture. antisera against partially purified ...	1977	862601
bacteriocin typing of streptococcal isolates from endocarditis.	a typing system based on bacteriocin production and sensitivity for streptococcus sanguis strains was devised. bacteriocin producer strains were grown (37degrees c) anaerobically on brain heart infusion-yeast extract agar for 18 h. bacteriocin indicator strains were suspended to molten brain heart infusion-yeast extract agar and then overlayed onto the producer strain. after an additional 18 to 24 h of incubation, zones of bacteriocin inhibition were recorded. after establishment of the typing s ...	1977	874072
tolerant response of streptococcus sanguis to beta-lactams and other cell wall inhibitors.	in contrast to group a streptococci or streptococcus pneumoniae, cells of streptococcus sanguis (group h) do not exhibit the irreversible effects of penicillin treatment, such as loss of viability or lysis. on the other hand, the same bacteria show typical effects of penicillin, such as morphological alterations, reduction in the rate of cell wall synthesis, and secretion of murein and lipoteichoic acid polymers into the medium. a novel effect of cell wall inhibitors was also noted: treatment wi ...	1977	879739
in vitro evaluation of three iodine-containing compounds as antiplaque agents.	the antibacterial activity of three iodine-containing compounds was determined for strains of four dental plaque-forming microorganisms, using an in vitro preclinical plaque model system. solutions of inorganic iodine, povidone-iodine, and wescodyne were tested for antiplaque activity against preformed plaques of a number of strains of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naeslundii. solutions of inorganic iodine were more effective as antiplaque age ...	1977	883812
production of extracellular material by streptococci associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis.	six strains of viridans streptococci isolated from confirmed cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis were studied for production of extracellular material. all six strains, when grown to the exponential phase, produced exoproducts that had similar elution profiles on a g-100 sephadex column. since essential nutrients, such as amino acids, may be periodically growth limiting to streptococci in the fibrin-covered lesions on heart valves, the potential to elaborate extracellular protein and other ...	1977	885611
sucrose metabolism in resting-cell suspensions of caries associated and non-caries-associated dental plaque.	small specimens of cariogenic plaque (cp) and non-cariogenic plaque (ncp) from the same tooth were individually dispersed in buffer, divided equally, and incubated for 45 min with [(14)c]sucrose uniformly labeled either in the glucosyl moiety or the fructosyl moiety. sucrose metabolism was analyzed periodically during an anaerobic incubation at 37 degrees c. radiochemical techniques were devised to analyze formation of lactic acid, soluble extracellular polysaccharide, total cell-bound and insol ...	1977	885616
bacteriocins as factors in the in vitro interaction between oral streptococci in plaque.	the effect of bacteriocins on the composition of dental plaque flora was studied in vitro with bacterial plaque formed by oral streptococci on glass rods suspended in broth medium. cell-free preparations containing mutacin sw31, a bacteriocin produced by streptococcus mutans, killed sensitive cells present in the plaque selectively, but did not affect resistant cells. similar preparations from a non-bacteriocinogenic mutant exerted only a slight effect. mixed growth of bacteriocin-producing s. m ...	1977	892898
molecular basis for the different sucrose-dependent adherence properties of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis.	the enzymatic and adherence properties of streptococcus mutans gs5 and s. sanguis st3, both isolated from human carious lesions, have been compared. during growth in sucrose media, s. mutans gs5 adheres to smooth surfaces approximately three times more effectively than dose s. sanguis st3. however, strain st3 does not display sucrose-dependent adherence under nongrowth conditions, whereas strain gs5 displays significant adherence. although both organisms synthesize both water-soluble and -insolu ...	1977	892908
bacteriolytic action of fluoride ions.	bacillus subtilis, neisseria subflava, and lyt coccus were found to undergo massive lysis after growth in media containing 0.01 to 10 mm naf. when cells of these organisms were transferred from late-exponential-phase cultures to 0.02 m sodium phosphate buffer plus 0.1 m kcl, they underwent spontaneous autolysis. cells grown in media with fluoride were more liable to autolysis, and walls isolated from them also showed enhanced autolytic sensitivity, even though added fluoride did not directly sti ...	1977	907327
role of sialic acid in saliva-induced aggregation of streptococcus sanguis.	the ability of saliva to induce aggregation of streptococcus sanguis was destroyed by treating the saliva with protease or neuraminidase. loss of aggregating activity could be correlated with the appearance of free sialic acid. clarified saliva contains an endogenous neuraminidase that modifies aggregating activity. aggregation was inhibited by mixed ganglioside preparations but less effectively by acid-hydrolyzed gangliosides. the aggregating activity of s. sanguis was not related to the rhamno ...	1977	908621
structural requirements of guanide, biguanide, and bisbiguanide agents for antiplaque activity.	the bactericidal efficacy of 16 guanide, biguanide, and bisbiguanide agents was studied in vitro against intact preformed plaques of four oral (plaque-forming) microorganisms: streptococcus mutans, s. sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, and a. naeslundii. the activities of these agents were examined in relation to their molecular configurations. these studies indicated that the bis- and biguanide configurations are important for efficacy, as is the length of the alkyl side chain. no structural moiety ...	1977	931371
the microbiology and biochemistry of plaque, saliva, and drinking water from two communities with contrasting levels of caries in colombia, s.a.		1977	24649
glucosyltransferase production by streptococcus sanguis 804 (nctc 10904).	streptococcus sanguis 804 (nctc 10904) was grown ih batch culture at constant ph. and the glucosyltransferase activity of the supernatant was assayed over a 40-h growth period. the optimum ph for enzyme production was 7.0 to 7.2. during growth of the culture, three reproducible phases of enzyme activity were observed. the polysaccharides synthesized during each of these phases were characterized as dextran-like glucans by analysis of acid hydrolysates, gas-liquid chromatography, and a specific a ...	1977	13040
characterization of group h streptococcal temperate bacteriophage phi 227.	phi 227, a temperate phage from a group h streptococcus (streptococcus sanguis), was propagated vegetatively in group h strain wicky 4-eryr, and its characteristics were determined. a procedure dependent on multiplicity of infection, incubation time, and treatment of crude lysates with diatomaceous earth was found to optimize phage yield, resulting in titers of 1 x 10(10) to 2 x 10(10) pfu/ml. without prior treatment with diatomaceous earth, subsequent purification procedures (methanol, ammonium ...	1977	15133
plaque formation by streptococci in an artificial mouth and factors influencing colonization.		1977	18435
secretion of lipids induced by inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis in streptococci.	inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis causes an immediate and massive secretion of both newly synthesized and "old" lipids from several species of bacteria, including streptococci, staphylococcus epidermidis, and bacillus subtilis. lipid secretion occurs in the absence of detectable bacterial lysis. this novel phenomenon was examined in more detail in three strains of streptococci: s. sanguis (group h), s. pyogenes (group a), and s. pneumoniae. the secretion of lipids is specifically induced by ...	1977	21168
acid production from lycasin, maltitol, sorbitol and xylitol by oral streptococci and lactobacilli.	the acid production from maltitol was compared with the acid production from hydrogenated starch hydrolysate (lycasin), sorbitol and xylitol by a number of oral strains and reference strains of streptococcus mutans, s. sanguis, s. salivarius, s. mitior, s. milleri, s. faecalis, s. faecium, s. avium, lactobacillus casei and l. salivarius. the polyols were added to a final concentration of 1.0% to two different basal media. incubation was performed at 37 degrees c for 7 days after which the ph was ...	1977	21508
enamel microhardness and fluoride uptake underneath fermenting and non-fermenting artificial plaque.	washed cells of streptococcus sanguis were used to form artificial plaque on the surface of bovine enamel and incubated underneath buffer solutions, initial ph 6, for 36 h at 37 degrees c. the decrease in the microhardness of the enamel surface under fermenting "plaque" could be prevented with fluoride. enamel under a fermenting "plaque" took up significantly more (p less than 0.0u) fluoride than enamel under a non-fermenting "plaque" (initial f- in buffer: 10 parts/10(6)). the artificial plaque ...	1977	22924
effect of ph and counter ions on the zeta-potential of oral streptococci.		1977	23746
bacteriocin-like activities of human dental plaque flora against oral anaerobic microorganisms.		1977	26477
scanning electron microscopy of heart-valve vegetations.		1977	71629
human saliva as a nitrogen source for oral streptococci.		1977	264243
competitive binding among oral strptococci to hydroxyapatite.	the relative affinity of various oral streptococci for hydroxyapatite (ha) differed widely. streptococcus mutans affinity for dextran-coated ha was the highest of all the streptococci to any ha coating. s salivarius had the lowest affinity, and s sanguis affnity was higher then s miteor for saliva-coated ha. competition for binding sites on saliva-dextran-coated, dextran-coated ha. hhwever, competition between this pair was not for the same binding site but for closely associated sites.	1977	264883
interaction of streptococcal aggregating factors with thiol-and disulphide-reactive compounds.		1977	266858
antagonistic substances produced by streptococci from human dental plaque and their significance in plaque ecology.		1977	267511
[problems of the relationship between oral hygiene and dental caries].		1977	267561
microbial characterization of an experimental cariogenic plaque in man.	experimentally induced plaque seemed to originate by direct contact inoculation from the vestibular mucosa and saliva. during the next seven days, this plaque developed its own characteristics. populations of streptococcus mutans usually less than 2% of total streptococci population in plaques that were less than three days old, increased between days 3 and 7. proportions of s sanguis, high in early samples, decreased after day 3. populations of s salivarius, which usually outnumbered other stre ...	1977	268335
comparison of antiplaque agents using an in vitro assay reflecting oral conditions.	an in vitro assay is described using saliva-treated bovine enamel slabs for determining the potential of chemotherapeutic agents to adsorb to tooth surfaces and act against plaque-forming bacteria. chlorhexidine was found to inhibit the formation of in vitro plaque by actinomyces viscosus, a naeslundii, streptococcus mutans and s sanguis. actinobolin was found to have marked antibacterial properties but limited adsorptive qualities.	1977	268336
inhibition of glucose utilization in oral streptococci by low concentrations of fluoride.		1977	269750
[streptococcal flora of normal and inflamed gingival pockets].		1977	269783
effect of fissure sealing on the microflora in occlusal fissures of human teeth.		1977	270316
activation of the complement system by some gram-positive oral bacteria.		1977	270324
the salivary concentration of streptococci mutans and streptococci sanguis and their colonization of artificial tooth fissures in man.		1977	271488
electron microscopic study of the interaction of oral microorganisms with polymorphonuclear leukocytes.		1977	272141
transformation of streptococci to streptomycin resistance by oral streptococcal dna.		1977	272159
reduction in proportions of dental plaque streptococci following a 5 day topical kanamycin treatment.		1977	137306
interbacterial aggregation of actinomyces naeslundii and dental plaque streptococci.		1977	137307
predominant cultivable microbiota in periodontosis.		1977	138729
bacteriological studies of developing supragingival dental plaque.		1977	138733
streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus salivarius in early plaque formation on plastic films.		1977	143517
serum antibodies to plaque bacteria in subjects with dental caries and gingivitis.	correlations were sought between indices of gingival inflammation and dental caries experience and serum antibody titers to five species of oral bacteria. the material comprised 53 young adult males. a statistically significant, negative correlation was observed between the antibody titer to a pool of veillonella strains and dental caries experience. multiple regression analyses failed to reveal significant associations between periodontal disease and serum antibody titers. however, the data sug ...	1977	320647
reduction of dental decay in rampant caries individuals following short-term kanamycin treatment.	a week of kanamycin gel treatment before and after the placement of dental restorations, compared to a placebo gel treatment, significantly reduced the levels of cultivable bacteria, s mutans and s sanguis, in the plaque samples collected immediately after the completion of the gel treatments, and was associated with a 46% reduction in new carious surfaces in the 14- to 37-month period following the gel treatment.	1977	323316
survival of bacteria from human dental plaque under various transport conditions.	the effects of transport media, temperature, and anaerobiosis on the survival of bacteria from human supragingival dental plaque were studied. individual samples were obtained by passing sterile, unwaxed dental floss through the interproximal spaces. the plaque-bearing portion of floss was immediately placed in vials containing reduced transport fluid, viability-preserving microbistatic medium, or reduced salt solution transport fluid. plaque samples were dispersed by ultrasonic oscillation, ser ...	1977	332708
measurement and synthesis of insoluble and soluble dextran by streptococcus mutans.	total and insoluble dextransucrase activities of 10 strains of oral streptococci were measured by a modified filter disk assay. strains that were nonadherent to hard surfaces had only low levels of insoluble dextransucrase activity. a physical rather than metabolic mechanism is suggested to explain the decreased insoluble and increased soluble activities observed when dextran t-10 is added to the media.	1977	336659
recurrent aphthous stomatitis: clinical characteristics and evidence for an immunopathogenesis.	recurrent aphthous stomatitis is one of the most common diseases affecting the oral mucosa, and one of its variants is the most painful affliction of the oral mucosa. the lesions of recurrent aphthous stomatitis can be manifested as part of a broad spectrum of clinical disease ranging from the common minor aphthous ulcers to behçet's syndrome. differential diagnosis, although not often difficult, must include many conditions capable of producing erosive and ulcerative oral mucosal lesions. the s ...	1977	336797
effect of bacterial products on inflammatory reactions in the dental pulp.	culture filtrates (extracellular components) and material obtained from disintegrated cells (intracellular components) of cultured plaque bacteria were studied for their capacity to induce inflammatory reactions in the dental pulp. class v cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 94 teeth: 42 test and 52 control teeth in six adult monkeys. lyophilized bacterial components were sealed into the test cavities either alone or following an 8-h topical application of a solution of the same comp ...	1977	402688
sorption of streptococci to glass: effects of macromolecular solutes.	macromolecular solutes (albumin, concanavalin a, whole saliva, serum) caused impaired sorption of streptococcus faecium and streptococcus sanguis to glass. the inhibitory effect resided chiefly with interactions of the solutes with the glass surface. in the case of sorption of s. sanguis to glass in the presence of parotid fluid, the inhibitory effect was counteracted by a specific attachment of s. sanguis cells mediated by some component(s) of the parotid fluid. agglutination of the test organi ...	1977	402790
haemagglutination activity of plaque-forming bacteria.		1977	403006
a sequential bacteriological and serological investigation of rhesus monkeys immunised against dental caries with streptococcus mutans.	in a serial investigation of the effects of immunisation with s. mutans in rhesus monkeys maintained on a "human" type of cariogenic diet, the numbers of s. mutans in cervical plaque, crevicular-fluid washings, fissures of teeth, and in saliva were lower in immunised animals than in sham-immunised controls. immunisation also caused a delay in initial colonisation and a slowing of the rate of colonisation with s. mutans. these bacteriological changes were associated with a reduction in the smooth ...	1977	404427
loss of antibody activity in human immunoglobulin a exposed extracellular immunoglobulin a proteases of neisseria gonorrhoeae and streptococcus sanguis.	immunoglobulin a (iga) proteases are extracellular enzymes elaborated by neisseria gonorrhoeae, n. meningitidis, and streptococcus sanguis. these enzymes each cleave human iga1 at a critically situated prolyl-threonyl peptide bond to yield fab alpha and fc alpha fragments. to study their effect on the antibody activity of human iga, we enzymatically digested a group of five human iga monoclonal immunoglobulins with high-titer rheumatoid factor or cold agglutinin activity and human serum macroamy ...	1977	407159
sucrose metabolism by prominent members of the flora isolated from cariogenic and non-cariogenic dental plaques.	sucrose metabolism by resting-cell suspensions of pure cultures of representative members of the predominant cultivable flora isolated from cariogenic and non-cariogenic dental plaque was investigated by means of radiochemical techniques. streptocococcus mutans utilized sucrose at a considerably faster rate than s. sanguis, s. mitis, actinomyces viscosus, a. naeslundii, or lactobacillus casei, forming lactic acid, intracellular polysaccharide, insoluble extracellular glucan, and lactic acid from ...	1977	407163
serum dilution test for bactericidal activity. ii. standardization and correlation with antimicrobial assays and susceptibility tests.		1977	408424
antiplaque potential of topical stannous fluoride.	sterile enamel samples treated by topical application of 10% stannous fluoride were incubated with s mutans and s sanguis respectively and with a mixed culture to which l casei had been added. the results were compared with sterile nonfluoridated enamel samples subjected to the same procedures. the parameters compared were postincubation ph values, bacterial concentrations on the surfaces, and enamel surface alterations. stannous fluoride treated samples consistently yielded higher ph readings t ...	1977	409742
new method for obtaining iga-specific protease.	a simple method for obtaining an active preparation of iga-specific protease from a bacterial source is presented. in this method streptococcus sanguis was inoculated onto the surface of a dialysis membrane on nutrient agar. following growth, the membrane was removed from the agar surface and washed in a small volume of buffer. a solution with protease activity against iga1 monoclonal proteins was obtained by clarification of the wash and appeared to be similar to enzyme preparations obtained by ...	1977	591723
interaction of hydroxyapatite and protein-coated hydroxyapatite with streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis.	the present study showed that s. mutans and s. sanguis behaved like negatively-charged particles in their interaction with hydroxyapatite in vitro. phosphate in the system inhibited bacterial uptake by apatite, whereas calcium increased the uptake. a layer of acidic protein inhibited the uptake of bacteria by hydroxyapatite. the opposite was true when a basic protein was first adsorbed to the apatite. a saliva film on the apatite decreased the uptake of bacteria, supporting the view that acidic ...	1977	602782
a method for studying adherence of oral streptococci to solid surfaces.	the adherence of different streptococci to test pieces of glass, human enamel and whale dentin carried in the mouth or immersed in saliva or bacterial suspensions was studied by examining the number and frequency of microorganisms which were selectively desorbed by a standardized washing technique. the results obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments were similar in principle. the proportion of streptococci obtained in the first washing resembled that found in the saliva, but with more vig ...	1976	766151
an apparatus for the continuous culture of micro-organisms on solid surfaces with special reference to dental plaque.		1976	780331
streptococci and aerococci associated with systemic infection in man.	a collection of 820 isolates of streptococci and aerococci from human blood or internal organs was classified by means of a set of cultural and biochemical tests. of these, 719 (712 streptococci and 7 aerococci) were from patients believed to be suffering from a systemic infection: endocarditis 317; a purulent lesion in an internal organ ("purulent disease") 152; bacteriaemia 250. the endocarditis streptococci included members of all recognisable taxa, but only certain of these were common: stre ...	1976	785000
comparison of cellular and humoral immunity against streptococcal and adult human oral mucosa antigens in relation to exacerbation or recurrent aphthous stomatitis.	cell-mediated immunity (cmi) and humoral mediated immunity (hmi) against streptococcal and adult human oral mucosa (ahom) antigens were investigated in patients with inactive and active recurrent aphthous stomatitis (ras). the cmi and hmi were examined by means of the leucocyte migration test (lmt) and a double layer immunofluorescence (if) technique. the cmi against streptococcus sanguis strain 2a, streptococcus pyogenes strain m5, and ahom was significantly increased in inactive and active ras ...	1976	785943
[biological activity of secretory iga --particularly antibacterial immunity as an example-- (author's transl)].		1976	792366
turku sugar studies x. occurrence of polysaccharide-forming streptococci and ability of the mixed plaque microbiota to ferment various carbohydrates.	dental plaque samples collected from the subjects during the last 20 months of the 2 year trial were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis of the occurrence of s. mutans, s. sanguis, s. salivarius and the total growth on phenol red agar. lyophilized plaque samples were homogenized and incubated on a sucrose containing medium under anaerobic conditions. in addition, the ph-values were measured after incubation of the mixed plaque flora in media containing 1% respectively xylitol(x), ...	1976	797222
comparative ultrastructure of selected oral streptococci: thin-sectioning and freeze-etching studies.	the ultrastructure of streptococcus mutans, serotypes a-e, s. sanguis, s. mitis, and s. salivarius hht, were examined by the techniques of thin-sectioning and freeze-etching. the cell walls varied in width between 15 and 46 nm and were covered with an electron-dense fibrillar or fuzz layer. the cytoplasmic membrane was in close association with numerous mesosomes which were, in turn, either closely associated or in contact with the bacterial chromosome. in freeze-etch replicas, the outermost lay ...	1976	177163
canker sores and cold sores their diagnosis and treatment.		1976	180593
extracellular glucans produced by oral streptococci.		1976	180941
effect of ph on competence development and deoxyribonucleic acid uptake in streptococcus sanguis (wicky).	streptococcus sanguis (wicky) cells, strain we4, developed little or no competence and failed to autolyze in permissive conditions when treated with competence factor (cf) below ph 7.0. this lack of activity was directly correlated with the inability of the cells to bind or take up cf at ph values of 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5. on the other hand, competent cells bound deoxyribonucleic acid molecules maximally below ph 7.0 and transformed maximally at ph 6.5. deoxyribonucleic acid was optimally bound to c ...	1976	4422
ph and eh in single and mixed culture bacterial plaque in an artificial mouth.		1976	5393
ph changes during culture of human dental plaque streptococci on mitis-salivarius agar.		1976	8030
autolysis in strains of viridans streptococci.	seven strains of viridans streptococci of the species streptococcus sanguis, s. mutans and s. mitis were investigated for autolysis. the effect of ph, salt concentration and temperature on the autolytic process was studied in na2hpo4/nah2po4 buffer. whole cells and walls of all strains autolysed most rapidly at ph values above 7. autolysis of whole cells of s. sanguis and one strain of s. mitis (atcc15909) was maximal in 0-05 to 0-2 m buffer, while the two s. mutans strains and s. mitis atcc1591 ...	1976	10349
purification and some properties of free and cell-associated dextransucrase from streptococcus sanguis.	dextransucrase of streptococcus sanguis occurred in cell-free and cell-associated forms. cell-free dextransucrase was purified by four successive chromatographies on bio-gel p 60, deae-cellulose, and bio-gel p 200 from the culture supernatant. the purification of cell-associated dextransucrase was made from the pellet of streptococcus sanguis culture. bacterial pellet was extracted with 1 m phosphate buffer (ph 6.0) and chromatographied by using an immunosorbent column. the two enzymes gave sing ...	1976	11837
lactate formation at various ph levels by the wild strain of streptococcus mutans pk 1, its variant, and s sanguis.		1976	12197
occurrence and distribution of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in oral streptococci.	specific growth rates, growth yields, and the level and cellular distribution of three sucrose-metabolizing enzyme activities were determined for seven oral streptococci (streptococcus mutans strains e49, bht, 10449, sl-1, and lm-7, s. sanguis 10558, and s. salivarius 25975). cultures were grown in a fermentor at ph 6 with either 20 mm glucose or 10 mm sucrose. generation times varied between 21 and 70 min. whereas some strains grew 10 to 50% more slowly with sucrose than with glucose, others di ...	1976	971954
recurrent aphthous ulceration.		1976	971977
blastogenic response of human lymphocytes to oral bacterial antigens: characterization of bacterial sonicates.	soluble sonicate supernatant preparations were made from actinomyces viscosus (atcc 19246), a. naeslundii (atcc 12104), two strains of veillonella alcalescens (strain hv-1 and a human oral isolate), streptococcus sanguis (atcc 10556), s. mutans (strain 6715-t2), bacteroides melaninogenicus (strain k110), and leptotrichia buccalis (isolated from human dental plaque). these supernatants were characterized with reference to their chemical and antigenic components and their biological activity deter ...	1976	977126
use of hydroxyapatite-coasted glass beads for preclinical testing of potential antiplaque agents.	methods for rapid preclinical testing of antiplaque agents in vitro using hydroxyapatite (ht)-coated glass beads are described. the assays developed could reliably detect (i) prevention of growth in the culture fluid or on the ht surfaces, (ii) the effect of transient exposure of a bactericidal agent on the viability of cells in a preformed bacterial mat, (iii) reversible adsorption of a bactericidal agent on an ht surface, and (iv) the ability of an agent to inhibit adsorption of streptococcus ...	1976	984818
transforamtion of twitching strains of streptococcus sanguis.	ninety-five strains of s. sanguis, 90 of which were twitching, were screened for competence in transformation with dna from the "challis" strain. seventy-two strains, 68 of sero-group h and 4 of the provisional group 10043, were competent. fourteen of the competent strains and all strains which appeared to be incompetent were tested with dna from 3 other strains. the 14 competent strains were transformed by all the 3 dnas. one of the apparently incompetent strains was transformed by autologous d ...	1976	998260
haemagglutination of twitching streptococcus sanguis.	among 86, mostly twitching, polarly fimbriated strains of streptococcus sanguis, 55 agglutinated guinea pig erythrocytes (gpe) after cultivation in todd-hewitt broth (th), and 21 strains agglutinated gpe only after growth in th with 10% horse serum (ths). two of the positive strains were non-twitching and unfimbriated. ten strains failed to haemagglutinate. among 5 twitching strains belonging to the 10043 group, 3 agglutinated gpe after growth in th and 2 only after growth in ths. among 35 non-t ...	1976	998261
effect of warfarin on the induction and course of experimental endocarditis.	the effect of warfarin treatment on an experimental endocarditis was studied in rabbits. warfarin had no effect on the induction of a streptococcus sanguis infection in catheter-induced endocardial vegetations, and the course of this infection was also unaltered. however, warfarin treatment resulted in rapidly progressive bacteremia, probably due to impaired circulation in clearing organs such as the lungs, liver, and spleen. warfarin also reduced the survival time of the infected rabbits, in wh ...	1976	1002298
interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. ii. modulation of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte hydrolase release by polysaccharides in response to streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis.	the release of lysosomal hydrolases from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) has been postulated in the pathogenesis of tissue injury in periodontal disease. in the present study, lysosomal enzyme release was monitored from rabbit peritoneal exudate pmns exposed to streptocccus mutans or streptococcus sanguis. s. mutans grown in brain heart infusion (bhi) broth failed to promote significant pmn enzyme release. s. sanguis grown in bhi broth, although more effective than s. mutants, was a weak sti ...	1976	1002299
viridans streptococci associated with periapical dental abscesses.	viridans streptococci isolated in apparently pure culture from periapical dental abscess have been examined. it has been found that each abscesses is associated with only one type of a given species of streptococcus. the distribution of types of strep. mitis found in abscesses differed from the distribution in healthy mouths, but no particular type occurred significantly more often in abscesses than in mouths.	1976	1017878
enhanced transformability with heterospecific deoxyribonucleic acid in a streptococcus sanguis mutant impaired in ribonucleic acid polymerase activity.	we have induced with nitrosoguanidine in streptococcus sanguis a mutation conferring inability to grow and synthesize ribonucleic acid (rna) at 42 c, the optimal temperature for growth and rna synthesis in the parental strain. the mutation (ts) is transferable via transforming deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) and is replaceable by its wild-type allele with fairly high efficiency in transformation reactions. the ts mutation is unlinked to the sites of mutation conferring resistance of rifampin (rifr) ...	1976	1047061
antibiotic susceptibilities of streptococci from the mouth and blood of patients treated with penicillin or lincomycin and clindamycin.	patients undergoing dental extractions were non-randomly allocated to three groups, one of which received no antibiotic, one benzylpenicillin followed by oral penicillin for 5 days, and the third intramuscular lincomycin followed by oral clindamycin. dental extraction was performed at the beginning of the course of chemotherapy. streptococci were isolated from the extracted teeth, from blood cultures collected before and immediately after dental extraction, and from sutures removed from the gums ...	1976	1050385
streptococcus sanguis: a model in the application in immunochemical analysis for the in situ localization of bacteria in dental plaque.	a review of the development of the serology of s sanguis has been presented. this species contains a group-specific antigen designated a, which appears to be a glycerol teichoic acid. it is suggested that this antigen be designated the lancefield group h antigen. in addition, two major serotypes based on distribution of other surface antigens have been demonstrated. the grouping antiserums for s sanguis have been used to localize these bacteria in ultrastructural sections of intact dental plaque ...	1976	812892
selective adherence as a determinant of the host tropisms of certain indigenous and pathogenic bacteria.	the relationship between the selective abilities of bacteria to adhere and their predilections for colonizing different mammalian hosts was investigated by using bacteria indigenous to the tongue dorsum of humans and rats as models. streptococcus salivarius and s. sanguis averaged 22.6 and 2.8%, respectively, of the cultivable bacteria recovered from swab samples of the tonges of five humans, but these organisms were not indigenous on the tongues of rats (charles river strain). s. faecalis and s ...	1976	814100
production of mannitol by streptococcus mutans.		1976	823929
treatment of bacterial endocarditis 1976.		1976	824117
transformation of streptococcus sanguis challis by plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from streptococcus faecalis.	plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from streptococcus faecalis, strain ds5, was transferred to the challis strain of streptococcus sanguis by transformation. two antibiotic resistance markers carried by the beta plasmid from strain ds5, erythromycin and lincomycin, were transferred to s. sanguis at a maximum frequency of 1.8 x 10-5/colony-forming unit. approximately 70% of the covalently closed circular dna isolated from transformant cultures by dye buoyant density gradients was shown to be hyb ...	1976	824275
initial colonization of teeth in monkeys as related to diet.	the initial phases of plaque development on nonretentive tooth surfaces were studied bacteriologically in macaca irus monkeys fed by stomach tube and provided with various oral supplements. except for the oral implantation of streptococcus mutans in some of the animals, the oral flora was not changed prior to the studies. dental plaque was allowed to develop on initially cleaned tooth surfaces for 3 to 5 h. plaque samples were collected and cultured on a number of selective and nonselective agar ...	1976	825462