Publications

a highly efficient in vitro plant regeneration system and agrobacterium-mediated transformation in plumbago zeylanica.	plumbago zeylanica is a unique model for studying flowering plant gametogenesis, heterospermy, and preferential fertilization, yet understanding the control of related molecular mechanisms is impossible without efficient and reproducible regeneration and stable genetic transformation. we found three key factors for enhancing successful regeneration: (1) tissue source of explants, (2) combination and concentration of growth regulators, and (3) culture conditions. the highest frequency of shoot re ...	2006	16470412
production and metabolism of indole acetic acid in roots and root nodules of phaseolus mungo.	the mature root nodules of phaseolus mungo (l.), a leguminous pulse, contain higher amount of indole acetic acid (iaa) than non-nodulated roots. the tryptophan pool present in the mature nodule and young roots might serve as a precursor for the iaa production. presence of iaa metabolising enzymes - iaa oxidase and peroxidase - indicate the metabolism of iaa in the nodules and roots. in culture, the symbiont, isolated from the nodules, produced a high amount of iaa, when tryptophan was supplied i ...	2006	16473504
[transformation of embryogenic calli of siberian wildrye grass (elymus sibiricus l. cv. chuancao no.2) mediated by agrobacterium].	formation of embryogenic calli of siberian wildrye grass (elymus sibiricus l. cv. chuancao no.2) was induced from mature seeds as explants, and proliferated on ms medium containing 2,4-d 5.0 mg/l and kt 0.05 mg/l. an effective and stable callus regeneration system was established by optimizing the culture conditions (tables 1, 2 and fig.2). after the calli were subcultured 8 weeks, selected the whitish-yellow-coloured compact nodular calli that transformed with plasmid pcambia1304 carrying hygro ...	2006	16477130
[expression of an arabidopsis actin-depolymerizing factor 4 gene (atadf4) in tobacco causes morphological change of plants].	the actin-depolymerizing factor 4 gene (adf4) of arabidopsis thaliana was cloned and sequenced (figs.1, 2). the plant expression vector with adf4 was constructed and transformed into tobacco by agrobacterium tumefaciens. molecular identification showed that the adf4 gene was integrated into the genome of tobacco and expressed in transgenic tobaccos assayed by pcr and rt-pcr (fig.3). expression of an arabidopsis thaliana adf4 gene in tobacco resulted in morphological change of plants. the effects ...	2006	16477131
comparative anatomy of gall development on gypsophila paniculata induced by bacteria with different mechanisms of pathogenicity.	galls induced on gypsophila paniculata by pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (pag) and agrobacterium tumefaciens (at), bacteria with different mechanisms of pathogenicity, were compared morphologically and anatomically. the pathogenicity of pag is dependent on the presence of an indigenous plasmid that harbors hrp gene cluster, genes encoding hop virulence proteins and biosynthetic genes for auxin (iaa) and cytokinins (cks), whereas that of at involves host transformation. the pag-induced gall ...	2006	16477460
genetic diversity of acacia tortilis ssp. raddiana rhizobia in tunisia assessed by 16s and 16s-23s rdna genes analysis.	in order to understand the genetic diversity of acacia tortilis ssp. raddiana-rhizobia in tunisia, isolates from nine geographical locations were obtained and analysed.	2006	16478483
determination of the amino acid residues required for the activity of the anti-rhizobial peptide antibiotic trifolitoxin.	the first aim was to determine those amino acid residues required for the biological activity of the potent peptide antibiotic, trifolitoxin (tfx). the second aim was to determine the concentrations of tfx1 and tfx2 that cause 50% inhibition of bacterial growth (ki), the two predominant isomeric forms of tfx made by rhizobium.	2006	16478489
phenotypical and genotypical characteristics of root-nodulating bacteria isolated from annual medicago spp. in soummam valley (algeria).	in the framework of agro-pastoral system management using local annual medics coupled with their native root-nodulating bacteria to extend pasture zones, increase forage yields and improve ovine and bovine breeding in algeria, we investigated diversity of rhizobia from annual medicago spp. (medicago arabica, medicago polymorpha, medicago minima and medicago orbicularis).	2006	16478510
agrobacterium tumefaciens virb8 structure reveals potential protein-protein interaction sites.	bacterial type iv secretion systems (t4ss) translocate dna and/or proteins to recipient cells, thus providing a mechanism for conjugative transfer of genetic material and bacterial pathogenesis. here we describe the first structure of a core component from the archetypal agrobacterium tumefaciens t4ss: the 2.2-a resolution crystal structure of the virb8 periplasmic domain (pvirb8(at)). virb8 forms a dimer in the crystal, and we identify residues likely important for stabilization of the dimer in ...	2006	16481621
rhizobial exopolysaccharides: genetic control and symbiotic functions.	specific complex interactions between soil bacteria belonging to rhizobium, sinorhizobium, mesorhizobium, phylorhizobium, bradyrhizobium and azorhizobium commonly known as rhizobia, and their host leguminous plants result in development of root nodules. nodules are new organs that consist mainly of plant cells infected with bacteroids that provide the host plant with fixed nitrogen. proper nodule development requires the synthesis and perception of signal molecules such as lipochitooligosacchari ...	2006	16483356
a luxr/luxi-type quorum-sensing system in a plant bacterium, mesorhizobium tianshanense, controls symbiotic nodulation.	the ability of rhizobia to symbiotically fix nitrogen from the atmosphere when forming nodules on their plant hosts requires various signal transduction pathways. luxr-luxi-type quorum-sensing systems have been shown to be one of the players in a number of rhizobium species. in this study, we found that mesorhizobium tianshanense, a moderate-growth rhizobium that forms nodules on a number of licorice plants, produces multiple n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl)-like molecules. a simple screen for ah ...	2006	16484206
mineralization of 4-aminobenzenesulfonate (4-abs) by agrobacterium sp. strain pns-1.	a bacterial strain, pns-1, isolated from activated sludge, could utilize sulphanilic acid (4-abs) as the sole organic carbon and energy source under aerobic conditions. determination and comparison of 16s r dna sequences showed that the strain pns-1 is closely related to the species of agrobacterium genus. growth on 4-abs was accompanied with ammonia and sulfate release. toc results showed complete mineralization of sulphanilic acid. this strain was highly specific for 4-abs as none of the sulph ...	2006	16485085
expression of avian reovirus sigmac protein in transgenic plants.	avian reovirus (arv) structural protein, sigmac encoded by s1 genome segment, is the prime candidate to become a vaccine against arv infection. two plant nuclear expression vectors with expression of sigmac-encoding gene driven by camv 35s promoter and rice actin promoter were constructed, respectively. agrobacterium containing the s1 expression constructs were used to transform alfalfa, and transformants were selected using hygromysin. the integration of s1 transgene in alfalfa chromosome was c ...	2006	16488486
n6-methyl-adenine: an epigenetic signal for dna-protein interactions.	n(6)-methyl-adenine is found in the genomes of bacteria, archaea, protists and fungi. most bacterial dna adenine methyltransferases are part of restriction-modification systems. certain groups of proteobacteria also harbour solitary dna adenine methyltransferases that provide signals for dna-protein interactions. in gamma-proteobacteria, dam methylation regulates chromosome replication, nucleoid segregation, dna repair, transposition of insertion elements and transcription of specific genes. in ...	2006	16489347
in vitro characterization of a bacterial manganese uptake regulator of the fur superfamily.	fur proteins generally act as negative transcriptional regulators by binding to target regulatory sequences (fur boxes) in the promoter regions of iron-responsive genes. recently, rhizobium leguminosarum was reported to contain a protein (mur(rl)) of fur-like sequence, which, under manganese-replete conditions in its native background, repressed transcription of an abc-type mn(ii) transporter by binding to two nonpalindromic mur boxes in its promoter region. mur(rl) displays apparently unusual r ...	2006	16489762
transformation of the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile to the persistent metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (bam) by soil bacteria known to harbour nitrile hydratase or nitrilase.	in soil the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) is degraded to the persistent metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (bam) which has been detected in 19% of samples taken from danish groundwater. we tested if common soil bacteria harbouring nitrile-degrading enzymes, nitrile hydratases or nitrilases, were able to degrade dichlobenil in vitro. we showed that several strains degraded dichlobenil stoichiometrically to bam in 1.5-6.0 days; formation of the amide intermediate thus showed nitri ...	2006	16496093
enzymatic activity assay of d-hydantoinase by isothermal titration calorimetry. determination of the thermodynamic activation parameters for the hydrolysis of several substrates.	isothermal titration calorimetry (itc) has been applied to the determination of the activity of d-hydantoinase (ec 3.5.2.2) with several substrates by monitoring the heat released during the reaction. the method is based on the proportionality between the reaction rate and the thermal power (heat/time) generated. microcalorimetric assays carried out at different temperatures provided the dependence of the catalytic rate constant on temperature. we show that itc assay is a nondestructive method t ...	2006	16497383
dodecaprenyl phosphate-galacturonic acid as a donor substrate for lipopolysaccharide core glycosylation in rhizobium leguminosarum.	the lipid a and inner core regions of rhizobium leguminosarum lipopolysaccharide contain four galacturonic acid (gala) residues. two are attached to the outer unit of the 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) disaccharide, one to the mannose residue, and one to the 4'-position of lipid a. the enzymes rgta and rgtb, described in the accompanying article, catalyze gala transfer to the kdo residue, whereas rgtc is responsible for modification of the core mannose unit. heterologous expression of rg ...	2006	16497671
expression cloning of three rhizobium leguminosarum lipopolysaccharide core galacturonosyltransferases.	the lipid a and core regions of the lipopolysaccharide in rhizobium leguminosarum, a nitrogen-fixing plant endosymbiont, are strikingly different from those of escherichia coli. in r. leguminosarum lipopolysaccharide, the inner core is modified with three galacturonic acid (gala) moieties, two on the distal 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) unit and one on the mannose residue. here we describe the expression cloning of three novel gala transferases from a 22-kb r. leguminosarum genomic dna ...	2006	16497674
enantioconvergent production of (r)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol from styrene oxide by combining the solanum tuberosum and an evolved agrobacterium radiobacter ad1 epoxide hydrolases.	soluble epoxide hydrolase (eh) from the potato solanum tuberosum and an evolved eh of the bacterium agrobacterium radiobacter ad1, echa-i219f, were purified for the enantioconvergent hydrolysis of racemic styrene oxide into the single product (r)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, which is an important intermediate for pharmaceuticals. echa-i219f has enhanced enantioselectivity (enantiomeric ratio of 91 based on products) for converting (r)-styrene oxide to (r)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol (2.0 +/- 0.2 micromo ...	2006	16498626
a simple system for converting lacz to gfp reporter fusions in diverse bacteria.	we describe new plasmids that facilitate the rapid conversion of lacz fusions to gfp transcriptional fusions in bacteria. the exchange is based on a double recombination between lacz sequences in a suicide vector and the recipient chromosome. the suicide vector is a mobilizable, conditionally replicative plasmid that contains the gene for gfp with flanking lacz homology and is derived from a broad host range plasmid that has been successfully used in a wide range of bacterial species. the techni ...	2006	16500039
the partitioned rhizobium etli genome: genetic and metabolic redundancy in seven interacting replicons.	we report the complete 6,530,228-bp genome sequence of the symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterium rhizobium etli. six large plasmids comprise one-third of the total genome size. the chromosome encodes most functions necessary for cell growth, whereas few essential genes or complete metabolic pathways are located in plasmids. chromosomal synteny is disrupted by genes related to insertion sequences, phages, plasmids, and cell-surface components. plasmids do not show synteny, and their orthologs are m ...	2006	16505379
the agrobacterium vitis t-6b oncoprotein induces auxin-independent cell expansion in tobacco.	among the agrobacterium t-dna genes, rolb, rolc, orf13, orf8, lso, 6b and several other genes encode weakly homologous proteins with remarkable effects on plant growth. the 6b oncogene induces tumors and enations. in order to study its properties we have used transgenic tobacco plants that carry a dexamethasone-inducible 6b gene, dex-t-6b. upon induction, dex-t-6b plants develop a large array of morphological modifications, some of which involve abnormal cell expansion. in the present investigat ...	2006	16507091
[production of miniantibodies to agrobacterium tumefaciens vire2 virulence protein by the method of phage display].	the scfv miniantibodies to the recombinant protein vire2 from agrobacterium tumefaciens were obtained by the method of phage display. the miniantibodies were purified and tested using timmunodot method for binding to a recombinant protein from escherichia coli and to the native protein vire2 from a. tumefaciens. the functional activity of the miniantibodies was comparable to the activity of mouse polyclonal antibodies against the vire2 protein.	2006	16512606
insight into the structure of mesorhizobium loti arylamine n-acetyltransferase 2 (mlnat2): a biochemical and computational study.	the arylamine n-acetyltransferases (nat; ec 2.3.1.5) are xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (xme) that catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from acetylcoa (ac-coa) to arylamine, hydrazines and their n-hydroxylated metabolites. eukaryotes may have up to three nat isoforms, but mesorhizobium loti is the only prokaryote with two functional nat isoforms (mlnat1 and mlnat2). the three-dimensional structure of mlnat1 has been determined (holton, s.j., dairou, j., sandy, j., rodrigues-lima, f., dupret ...	2006	16513121
the pea nodule environment restores the ability of a rhizobium leguminosarum lipopolysaccharide acpxl mutant to add 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid to its lipid a.	members of the rhizobiaceae contain 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid (27ohc(28:0)) in their lipid a. a rhizobium leguminosarum 3841 acpxl mutant (named here rlv22) lacking a functional specialized acyl carrier lacked 27ohc(28:0) in its lipid a, had altered growth and physiological properties (e.g., it was unable to grow in the presence of an elevated salt concentration [0.5% nacl]), and formed irregularly shaped bacteroids, and the synchronous division of this mutant and the host plant-derived symbio ...	2006	16513742
motd of sinorhizobium meliloti and related alpha-proteobacteria is the flagellar-hook-length regulator and therefore reassigned as flik.	the flagella of the soil bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti differ from the enterobacterial paradigm in the complex filament structure and modulation of the flagellar rotary speed. the mode of motility control in s. meliloti has a molecular corollary in two novel periplasmic motility proteins, motc and mote, that are present in addition to the ubiquitous mota/motb energizing proton channel. a fifth motility gene is located in the mot operon downstream of the motb and motc genes. its gene product w ...	2006	16513744
regulation of long-chain n-acyl-homoserine lactones in agrobacterium vitis.	homologs of quorum-sensing luxr and luxi regulatory genes, avsr and avsi, were identified in agrobacterium vitis strain f2/5. compared to other luxi proteins from related species, the deduced avsi shows the greatest identity to sini (71%) from sinorhizobium meliloti rm1021. avsr possesses characteristic autoinducer binding and helix-turn-helix dna binding domains and shares a high level of identity with sinr (38%) from rm1021. site-directed mutagenesis of avsr and avsi was performed, and both ge ...	2006	16513747
transformation of rhizobia with broad-host-range plasmids by using a freeze-thaw method.	several species of rhizobia were successfully transformed with broad-host-range plasmids of different replicons by using a modified freeze-thaw method. a generic binary vector (ppzp211) was maintained in mesorhizobium loti without selection and stably inherited during nodulation. the method could extend the potential of rhizobia as a vehicle for plant transformation.	2006	16517691
a high throughput agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for functional genomics of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.).	a robust and high throughput agrobacterium genetic transformation procedure has been developed for perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). embryogenic callus lines were selected and maintained as plants in vitro. embryogenic calli derived from meristematic regions of the vegetative tillers were co-cultivated with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101 carrying the plasmid pcambia 1305.1 in the presence of acetosyringone for 3-4 days. the calli were grown under 94.8 and 151.6 microm hygromycin s ...	2006	16518636
occurrence of tetraploidy in nicotiana attenuata plants after agrobacterium-mediated transformation is genotype specific but independent of polysomaty of explant tissue.	genotypes of nicotiana attenuata collected from utah and arizona were transformed with 17 different vectors (14 unpublished vectors based on 3 new backbone vectors) using an agrobacterium-mediated procedure to functionally analyze genes important for plant-insect interactions. none of the 51 t1-t3 transgenic utah lines analyzed by the flow cytometry were tetraploid, as opposed to 18 of 33 transgenic arizona lines (55%). analysis of t0 regenerants transformed with the same vector carrying an inve ...	2006	16518637
an empirical test of partner choice mechanisms in a wild legume-rhizobium interaction.	mutualisms can be viewed as biological markets in which partners of different species exchange goods and services to their mutual benefit. trade between partners with conflicting interests requires mechanisms to prevent exploitation. partner choice theory proposes that individuals might foil exploiters by preferentially directing benefits to cooperative partners. here, we test this theory in a wild legumerhizobium symbiosis. rhizobial bacteria inhabit legume root nodules and convert atmospheric ...	2006	16519238
metabolic changes of rhizobia in legume nodules.	bacteria have evolved a wide variety of metabolic strategies to cope with varied environments. some are specialists and only able to survive in restricted environments; others are generalists and able to cope with diverse environmental conditions. rhizobia (e.g. rhizobium, sinorhizobium, bradyrhizobium, mesorhizobium and azorhizobium species) can survive and compete for nutrients in soil and the plant rhizosphere but can also form a beneficial symbiosis with legumes in a highly specialized plant ...	2006	16520035
horizontal transfer of a virulence operon to the ancestor of mycobacterium tuberculosis.	the contribution of interspecies horizontal gene transfer (hgt) to the evolution and virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of tuberculosis in humans, has been barely investigated. here we have studied the evolutionary history of the m. tuberculosis rv0986-8 virulence operon recently identified, through functional genomics approaches, as playing an important role in parasitism of host phagocytic cells. we showed that among actinobacteria, this operon is specific to the m. tuberculosi ...	2006	16520338
diversity of bacteria contaminating paper machines.	formation of microbial biofilms and slimes is a general and serious problem in the operation of paper machines. studies of microbial populations in paper machine-derived biofilms have been conducted using standard microbiological procedures; however, the bacterial genera present in this type of samples as well as their diversity are quite poorly known. here, the bacterial diversity of 38 process water and 22 biofilm samples from four different finnish paper machines were analyzed by length heter ...	2006	16520979
proteomic analysis of quorum sensing in rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae upm791.	production of quorum-sensing signal molecules of the acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) type by rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae upm791 is dependent on its plasmid content. curing of two of its four native plasmids, pupm791d and psym, resulted in loss of production of the largest (c(14)) and the three smaller (c(6)-c(8)) ahls, respectively. introduction of a lactonase-containing plasmid resulted in ahl signal degradation and quorum quenching. the quorum-dependent proteome was studied in these strai ...	2006	16521149
progress in assisted natural remediation of an arsenic contaminated agricultural soil.	a contaminated soil was collected in a field adjacent to a derelict as((iii)) smelter in reppel (bocholt, belgium). a single soil treatment (% by soil weight) based on either iron grit (ss, 1%), beringite (b, 5%), or iron grit (1%) + beringite (5%) (bss) was applied. untreated and treated reppel soils and a control soil were placed in lysimeters inside a greenhouse and cropped annually. the efficiency of soil treatments in decreasing as and metals in exposure sources and restoring soil functions ...	2006	16522348
transgenic zoysiagrass (zoysia japonica) plants obtained by agrobacterium-mediated transformation.	zoysiagrass (zoysia japonica steud.) is an important turfgrass that spreads by stolons and rhizomes. by exploring the potential of direct shoot formation from stolons, we developed a straightforward and efficient transformation protocol without callus induction and propagation. sterilized stolon nodes were infected and co-cultivated with agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring pcambia vectors. hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hph) was used as the selectable marker and hygromycin was used as the s ...	2006	16523287
an in vivo, luciferase-based, agrobacterium-infiltration assay system: implications for post-transcriptional gene silencing.	an in vivo assay system for analyzing transient luciferase expression in tobacco leaves infused with agrobacterium tumefaciens is described. the system makes use of a. tumefaciens harboring t-dna vectors containing either an intron-containing firefly (photinus pyralis) luciferase (ec 1.13.12.7) gene or an intron-containing sea pansy (renilla reniformis) luciferase (ec 1.13.12.5) gene. single or mixed agrobacterium lines were infiltrated into leaf tissues (nicotiana tabacum or nicotiana benthamia ...	2006	16523348
the rhizobium etli sigma70 (siga) factor recognizes a lax consensus promoter.	a collection of rhizobium etli promoters was isolated from a genomic dna library constructed in the promoter-trap vector pbbmcs53, by their ability to drive the expression of a gusa reporter gene. thirty-seven clones were selected, and their transcriptional start-sites were determined. the upstream sequence of these 37 start-sites, and the sequences of seven previously identified promoters were compared. on the basis of sequence conservation and mutational analysis, a consensus sequence cttgacn1 ...	2006	16528104
a novel approach for improving the productivity of ubiquinone-10 producing strain by low-energy ion beam irradiation.	agrobacterium tumefaciens atcc4452 cells were irradiated by nitrogen ion beam, a new mutagen, with energy of 10 kev and fluence ranging from 2.6x10(14) ions/cm2 to 6.5x10(15) ions/cm2. a similar "saddle shape" survival curve due to ion beam irradiation appeared again in this study. some mutants with high yield of ubiquinone-10 were induced by ion implantation. high mutation rate and wide mutation spectrum were also observed in the experiment. these results suggested that the mutagenic effect of ...	2006	16528515
molecular analysis of transgene and vector backbone integration into the barley genome following agrobacterium-mediated transformation.	we report a large-scale study on the frequency of transgene and t-dna backbone integration following agrobacterium-mediated transformation of immature barley embryos. one hundred and ninety-one plant lines were regenerated after hygromycin selection and visual selection for gfp expression at the callus stage. southern blotting performed on a subset of 53 lines that were pcr positive for the gfp gene documented the integration of the gfp gene in 27 of the lines. twenty-three of these lines expres ...	2006	16528561
rapid and reproducible agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sorghum.	a rapid and reproducible agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for sorghum has been developed. the protocol uses the nptii selectable marker gene with either of the aminoglycosides geneticin or paromomycin. a screen of various a. tumefaciens strains revealed that a novel c58 nopaline chromosomal background carrying the chrysanthopine disarmed ti plasmid ptikpsf(2), designated ntl(4)/chry5, was most efficient for gene transfer to sorghum immature embryos. a ntl(4)/chry5 transconjugant ha ...	2006	16528567
transgenic spartina alterniflora for phytoremediation.	perennial monoculture forming grasses are very important natural remediators of pollutants. their genetic improvement is an important task because introduction of key transgenes can dramatically improve their remediation potential. transfer of key genes for mercury phytoremediation into the salt marsh cordgrass (spartina alterniflora) is reported here. s. alterniflora plays an important role in the salt marsh by cycling of elements, both nutrients and pollutants, protects the coastline from eros ...	2006	16528587
type iv secretion systems and their effectors in bacterial pathogenesis.	type iv secretion systems (t4sss) are membrane-associated transporter complexes used by various bacteria to deliver substrate molecules to a wide range of target cells. t4sss are involved in horizontal dna transfer to other bacteria and eukaryotic cells, in dna uptake from or release into the extracellular milieu, in toxin secretion and in the injection of virulence factors into eukaryotic host target cells by several mammalian pathogens. rapid progress has been made towards defining the structu ...	2006	16529981
absence of substrate channeling between active sites in the agrobacterium tumefaciens ispdf and ispe enzymes of the methyl erythritol phosphate pathway.	the conversion of 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (mep) to 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (cmedp) in the mep entry into the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway occurs in three consecutive steps catalyzed by the ispd, ispe, and ispf enzymes, respectively. in agrobacterium tumefaciens the ispd and ispf genes are fused to encode a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first (synthesis of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-c-methyl d-erythritol) and third (synthesis of 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-c ...	2006	16533036
improved methods in agrobacterium-mediated transformation of almond using positive (mannose/pmi) or negative (kanamycin resistance) selection-based protocols.	a protocol for agrobacterium-mediated transformation with either kanamycin or mannose selection was developed for leaf explants of the cultivar prunus dulcis cv. ne plus ultra. regenerating shoots were selected on medium containing 15 mum kanamycin (negative selection), while in the positive selection strategy, shoots were selected on 2.5 g/l mannose supplemented with 15 g/l sucrose. transformation efficiencies based on pcr analysis of individual putative transformed shoots from independent line ...	2006	16534597
degradation of 4-aminobenzenesulfonate by alginate encapsulated cells of agrobacterium sp. pns-1.	studies were carried out on 4-aminobenzenesulfonate (4-abs) degradation by free and alginate entrapped cells of agrobacterium sp. pns-1. degradation rate in batch reactors with free cells was marginally higher than ca-encapsulated cells. comparison of ca2+ and ba2+ as gelling agents showed that 4-abs removal rate was significantly less with ba-alginate entrapped cells. specific degradation rates, using linear regression analysis and based on the initial biomass in the beads, varied from 49.7 mg/ ...	2006	16223583
early responses to nod factors and mycorrhizal colonization in a non-nodulating phaseolus vulgaris mutant.	legumes can acquire nitrogen through a symbiotic interaction with rhizobial bacteria. the initiation of this process is determined by a molecular dialogue between the two partners. legume roots exude flavonoids that induce the expression of the bacterial nodulation genes, which encode proteins involved in the synthesis and secretion of signals called nod factors (nfs). nfs signal back to the plant root and trigger several responses, leading to bacterial invasion and nodule formation. here, we de ...	2006	16244867
genetic transformation of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.) and stable transmission of the transgenes to progeny.	cowpeas are nutritious grains that provide the main source of protein, highly digestible energy and vitamins to some of the world's poorest people. the demand for cowpeas is high but yields remain critically low, largely because of insect pests. cowpea germplasm contains little or no resistance to major insect pests and a gene technology approach to adding insect protection traits is now a high priority. we have adapted features of several legume and other transformation systems and reproducibly ...	2006	16244884
terpenoid indole alkaloid production by catharanthus roseus hairy roots induced by agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring rol abc genes.	we have established catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures transgenic for the rol abc genes from t(l)-dna of the agropine-type agrobacterium rhizogenes strain a4. the rol abc hairy root lines exhibit a wild-type hairy root syndrome in terms of growth and morphology on solid medium. however, they differ from wild-type hairy root lines in that they more frequently have excellent adaptability to liquid medium and do not appear to form calli during cultivation. moreover, they do not produce detecta ...	2006	16261632
green fluorescent protein as an efficient selection marker for agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated carrot transformation.	agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation combined with a visual selection for green fluorescent protein (gfp) has been applied effectively in carrot (daucus carota l.) transformation. carrot root discs were inoculated with a4, a4t, lba1334 and lba9402 strains, all bearing gfp gene in pbin-m-gfp5-er. the results indicate that transformed adventitious roots can be visually selected solely based on gfp fluorescence with a very high accuracy. the method requires no selection agents like anti ...	2006	16247612
improved cotyledonary node method using an alternative explant derived from mature seed for efficient agrobacterium-mediated soybean transformation.	the utility of transformation for soybean improvement requires an efficient system for production of stable transgenic lines. we describe here an improved cotyledonary node method using an alternative explant for agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated soybean transformation. we use the term "half-seed" to refer to this alternative cotyledonary explant that is derived from mature seed of soybean following an overnight imbibition and to distinguish it from cotyledonary node derived from 5-7-day-old se ...	2006	16249869
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of seedling-derived maize callus.	efficient production of seedling-derived type i callus was demonstrated for several corn genotypes including commercial inbred lines. seeds were germinated on ms-based medium containing 10 mg l(-1) picloram and 3 mg l(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine, which induced the development of axillary buds in the area of coleoptilar node. nodal sections of 7-10-day old seedlings were isolated, split longitudinally, and placed on callus induction medium supplemented with 2.2 mg l(-1) picloram and 0.5 mg l(-1) 2,4- ...	2006	16252091
bloodstream infection related to heparin infusion caused by agrobacterium tumefaciens.		2006	16257087
fluorescently tagged iminoalditol glycosidase inhibitors as novel biological probes and diagnostics.	1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-d-glucitol, the corresponding d-manno and l-ido epimers as well as the powerful beta-glucosidase inhibitor isofagomine were n-alkylated with di-, tri-, as well as tetraethylene glycol derived straight chain spacer arms by a set of simple standard procedures. the terminal functional groups of the spacer arms, primary amines, were employed to introduce fluorescent dansyl moieties. resulting derivatives showed glycosidase inhibitory activities comparable to those of the parent ...	2006	16274997
a case of promiscuity: agrobacterium's endless hunt for new partners.	agrobacterium tumefaciens is a phytopathogenic bacterium that induces the 'crown gall' disease in plants by transfer and integration of a segment of its tumor-inducing (ti) plasmid dna into the genome of numerous plant species that represent most of the higher plant families. recently, it has been shown that, under laboratory conditions, the host range of agrobacterium can be extended to non-plant eukaryotic organisms. these include yeast, filamentous fungi, cultivated mushrooms and human cultur ...	2006	16289425
agrobacterium is not alone: gene transfer to plants by viruses and other bacteria.	agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation is the most widely used technology for obtaining the overexpression of recombinant proteins in plants. however, complex patent issues related to the use of agrobacterium as a tool for plant genetic engineering and the general requirement of establishing transgenic plants can create obstacles in using this technology for speedy research and development and for agricultural improvements in many plant species. recent studies addressing these issues have ...	2006	16297655
diverse suppressors of rna silencing enhance agroinfection by a viral replicon.	launching the beet yellows virus (byv) minireplicon by agrobacterial delivery resulted in an unexpectedly low number of infected cells per inoculated leaf. this effect was due to a strong rna silencing response in the agroinfiltrated leaves. strikingly, ectopic co-expression of p21, a byv rna silencing suppressor, increased minireplicon infectivity by three orders of magnitude. mutational analysis demonstrated that this effect correlates with suppressor activity of p21. five diverse, heterologou ...	2006	16300814
agrobacterium-mediated delivery of marker genes to phanerochaete chrysosporium mycelial pellets: a model transformation system for white-rot fungi.	the lack of an efficient transformation system in filamentous fungi is one of the major problems in carrying out cloning and expression of genes to produce a value-added product at the commercial level. therefore an attempt has been made to develop an efficient, convenient and expeditious genetic transformation system for successful transfer of transferred dna, carrying the genes coding for gus (beta-glucuronidase) (uida), green fluorescent protein (gfp) and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) t ...	2006	16302847
the 2-aminogluconate isomer of rhizobium sin-1 lipid a can antagonize tnf-alpha production induced by enteric lps.	the naturally occurring lipopolysaccharide (lps) from rhizobium sin-1, a nitrogen-fixing bacterial species, can prevent the induction of the tumor necrosis factor tnf-alpha induced by enteric lps. the proximal saccharide moiety of r. sin-1 lipid a can exist in two forms, namely as a 2-aminogluconolactone or 2-aminogluconate. as it is unknown which of these forms is responsible for the antagonistic properties of r. sin-1 lipid a, compound 4 was prepared, and its inflammatory properties were studi ...	2006	16317789
high-efficiency transformation of the diploid strawberry (fragaria vesca) for functional genomics.	fragaria vesca l., a diploid (2n = 2x = 14) relative of the commercial octoploid strawberry, is an attractive model for functional genomics research in rosaceae. its small genome size, short reproductive cycle, and facile vegetative and seed propagation make f. vesca a promising candidate for forward and reverse genetics experiments. however, the lack of a high-efficiency transformation protocol required for systematic production of thousands of t-dna insertional mutant lines and high-throughput ...	2006	16320068
expression of cholera toxin b subunit and the b chain of human insulin as a fusion protein in transgenic tobacco plants.	a dna construct containing the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) gene genetically fused to a nucleotide sequence encoding three copies of tandemly repeated diabetes-associated autoantigen, the b chain of human insulin, was produced and transferred into low-nicotine tobaccos by agrobacterium. integration of the fusion gene into the plant genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the results of immunoblot analysis verified the synthesis and assembly of the fusion protein into pentamers ...	2006	16322994
the use of green fluorescent protein (gfp) improves agrobacterium-mediated transformation of 'spadona' pear (pyrus communis l.).	an efficient and reproducible system for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the pear (pyrus communis l.) cultivar spadona was developed. leaf explants of in vitro propagated plants were cocultivated with the disarmed agrobacterium strain eha105 harboring the plasmid pme504, carrying the uida-intron and nptii genes. under selective conditions, 5% of the plantlets regenerated and were positively stained for gus. however, most of the gus-positive plants re-callused and subsequently died, leav ...	2006	16328389
stable transformation and direct regeneration in coffea canephora p ex. fr. by agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation without hairy-root phenotype.	a system for genetic transformation of coffea canephora by co-cultivation with agrobacterium rhizogenes harbouring a binary vector has been developed. the objective of the present study was the genetic transformation and direct regeneration of transformants through secondary embryos bypassing an intervening hairy root stage. transformants were obtained with a transformation efficiency up to 3% depending on the medium adjuvant used. a. rhizogenes strain a4 harbouring plasmid pcambia 1301 with an ...	2006	16331458
microtom--a high-throughput model transformation system for functional genomics.	we have developed a high-throughput agrobacterium-mediated transformation model system using both nptii and the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene from agrobacterium tumefaciens strain cp4 (cp4) based selections in microtom, a miniature rapid-cycling cherry tomato variety. with the nptii selection system, transformation frequency calculated as independent transgenic events per inoculated explant ranged from 24 to 80% with an average of 56%, in industrial production scale transforma ...	2006	16341726
rapid and specific identification of four agrobacterium species and biovars using multiplex pcr.	on the basis of 23s rrna gene sequences, 1 universal forward and 4 taxon (species/biovar)-specific reverse primers were designed for multiplex pcr to aid in identification and differentiation of agrobacterium rubi, agrobacterium vitis and agrobacterium biovars 1 and 2. in reactions with dna of 119 bacterial strains belonging to: agrobacterium, allorhizobium, mesorhizobium, rhizobium, sinorhizobium and phyllobacterium, as well as phytopathogenic bacteria representing various genera, the primers d ...	2006	16343837
ultrasound: mechanical gene transfer into plant cells by sonoporation.	development of nonviral gene transfer methods would be a valuable alternative of gene therapy or transformation. ultrasound can produce a variety of nonthermal bioeffects via acoustic cavitation. cavitation bubbles can induce cell death or transient membrane permeabilization (sonoporation) on cells. application of sonoporation for gene transfer into cells or tissues develops quickly in recent years. many studies have been performed in vitro exposure systems to a variety of cell lines transfected ...	2006	15935607
a simple, rapid, sensitive method detecting homoserine lactone (hsl)-related compounds in microbial extracts.	a simple, rapid, sensitive microtiter plate method detecting n-acyl homoserine lactone (hsl)-related compounds was established using an agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harboring a trag::lacz/trar reporter gene responsive to hsls. this strain did not produce its own hsl, but the trag::lacz reporter gene was induced only when its transcription activator trar detected a cognate exogenous hsl. therefore, the assay was expected to be highly specific for hsl-related compounds. induction of the report ...	2006	16019090
heterologous expression of astaxanthin biosynthesis genes in mucor circinelloides.	most mucor species accumulate beta-carotene as the main carotenoid. the crtw and crtz astaxanthin biosynthesis genes from agrobacterium aurantiacum were placed under the control of mucor circinelloides expression signals. expression vectors containing the bacterial genes were constructed, and peg-mediated transformations were performed on a selected m. circinelloides strain. transformants that exhibited altered carotene production were isolated and analyzed. southern analysis showed that all pla ...	2006	16034557
a ribosomal rna gene intergenic spacer based pcr and dgge fingerprinting method for the analysis of specific rhizobial communities in soil.	a direct molecular method for assessing the diversity of specific populations of rhizobia in soil, based on nested pcr amplification of 16s-23s ribosomal rna gene (rdna) intergenic spacer (igs) sequences, was developed. initial generic amplification of bacterial rdna igs sequences from soil dna was followed by specific amplification of (1) sequences affiliated with rhizobium leguminosarum "sensu lato" and (2) r. tropici. using analysis of the amplified sequences in clone libraries obtained on th ...	2006	16014316
two bacterial strains isolated from a zn-polluted soil enhance plant growth and mycorrhizal efficiency under zn-toxicity.	in this study we investigated the interactions among plant, rhizosphere microorganisms and zn pollution. we tested the influence of two bacterial strains isolated from a zn-polluted soil on plant growth and on the symbiotic efficiency of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) under zn toxicity. the two bacterial strains exhibited zn tolerance when cultivated under increasing zn levels in the medium. however, strain b-i showed a higher zn tolerance than strain b-ii at the two highest zn levels ...	2006	16098559
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of sclerotinia sclerotiorum.	ascospores from the phytopathogenic fungus sclerotinia sclerotiorum were transformed to hygromycin b resistance by co-cultivation with agrobacterium tumefaciens. transformed spores germinated and grew on pda supplemented with 100 ug/ml hygromycin b. the presence of mitotically stable hph gene integration at random sites in the genome was confirmed by pcr and southern blot analysis. a transformation frequency of 8 x 10(-5) was achieved in five separate experiments. this study is the first report ...	2006	16107285
efficient agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of embryogenic calli and regeneration of hevea brasiliensis müll arg. plants.	an efficient procedure for producing transgenic hevea brasiliensis callus and plant lines from clone pb 260 was established with agrobacterium tumefaciens using strain eha105 harbouring the vector pcambia2301. transformation capacity and competence of the embryogenic calli were improved after two cycles of cryopreservation. when the cocultivation temperature was reduced from 27 to 20 degrees c, the duration of this phase could be increased up to 7 days, promoting an increase in gus activity. the ...	2006	16136315
the agrobacterium rhizogenes rolc-gene-induced somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis in panax ginseng transformed calluses.	expression of the agrobacterium rhizogenes rolc gene in panax ginseng callus cells results in formation of tumors that are capable to form roots. the selection of non-root forming tumor clusters yielded the embryogenic 2c3 callus line, which formed somatic embryos and shoots independently of external growth factors. although the 2c3 somatic embryos developed through a typical embryogenesis process, they terminated prematurely and repeatedly formed adventitious shoot meristems and embryo-like str ...	2006	16136334
promoter activation of pepper class ii basic chitinase gene, cachi2, and enhanced bacterial disease resistance and osmotic stress tolerance in the cachi2-overexpressing arabidopsis.	the activation of the cachi2 promoter as the result of bacterial infection and osmotic stresses was examined using the agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay. several stress-related cis-acting elements were revealed within the upstream genomic sequence of the cachi2 gene. in tobacco leaf tissues transiently transformed with the cachi2 promoter-beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene, the cachi2 promoter was up-regulated by pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci infection. the cachi2-gus activation was ...	2006	16151843
combined application of triton x-100 and sinorhizobium sp. pb002 inoculum for the improvement of lead phytoextraction by brassica juncea in edta amended soil.	the process of edta-assisted lead phytoextraction from the bovisa (milan, italy) brownfield soil was optimized in microcosms vegetated with brassica juncea. an autochthonous plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr), sinorhizobium sp. pb002, was isolated from the rhizosphere of b. juncea grown on the pb-contaminated soil in presence of 2 mm edta. the strain was augmented (10(8) cfu g(-1) soil) in vegetated microcosms to stimulate b. juncea biomass production and, hence, its phytoextraction po ...	2006	16153689
reduction of polar auxin transport in tobacco by the tumorigenic agrobacterium tumefaciens ak-6b gene.	the plant-tumorigenic 6b (ak-6b) gene of agrobacterium tumefaciens strain ake10 induces morphological alterations to tobacco plants, nicotiana tabacum. to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, we generated transgenic tobacco harboring the ak-6b gene under the control of a dexamethazone-inducible promoter. upon induction, transgenic tobacco seedlings exhibited distinct classes of aberrant morphologies, most notably adventitious outgrowths and stunted epicotyls. histolog ...	2006	16170561
replication regions of sinorhizobium meliloti plasmids.	the replication (rep) regions of small plasmids from three sinorhizobium meliloti strains were cloned by marker rescue. two unique replication regions were identified, one of which was common to two different strains. plasmid pbb83 carried a 7.2 kbp rep region from a 42 kbp plasmid, and pbb84 carried a 4.5 kbp rep region from a 36 kbp plasmid. the cloned rep regions were of different compatibility types, and were capable of displacing their parent plasmids from s. meliloti. neither could functio ...	2006	16202450
agrobacterium and biolistic transformation of onion using non-antibiotic selection marker phosphomannose isomerase.	a new selection system for onion transformation that does not require the use of antibiotics or herbicides was developed. the selection system used the escherichia coli gene that encodes phosphomannose isomerase (pmi). transgenic plants carrying the mana gene that codes for pmi can detoxify mannose-6-phosphate by conversion to fructose-6-phosphate, an intermediate of glycolysis, via the pmi activity. six-week-old embryogenic callus initiated from seedling radicle was used for transformation. tra ...	2006	16211408
instrumental analysis of bacterial cells using vibrational and emission mössbauer spectroscopic techniques.	in biosciences and biotechnology, the expanding application of physicochemical approaches using modern instrumental techniques is an efficient strategy to obtain valuable and often unique information at the molecular level. in this work, we applied a combination of vibrational (fourier transform infrared (ftir), ft-raman) spectroscopic techniques, useful in overall structural and compositional analysis of bacterial cells of the rhizobacterium azospirillum brasilense, with 57co emission mössbauer ...	2006	17723559
yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae).	the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the best characterized eukaryotic organisms. this species has enabled a detailed study of the (genetic) requirements for agrobacterium-mediated dna transformation. for instance research with this yeast has led to the recognition that the transforming dna molecules integrate into the eukaryotic chromosomes either by homologous recombination, which is the preferred pathway in s. cerevisiae, or by nonhomologous end-joining. based on the protocol for agro ...	2006	17033086
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of arabidopsis thaliana using the floral dip method.	collective efforts of several laboratories in the past two decades have resulted in the development of various methods for agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of arabidopsis thaliana. among these, the floral dip method is the most facile protocol and widely used for producing transgenic arabidopsis plants. in this method, transformation of female gametes is accomplished by simply dipping developing arabidopsis inflorescences for a few seconds into a 5% sucrose solution containing 0 ...	2006	17406292
genetic transformation of tobacco nt1 cells with agrobacterium tumefaciens.	this protocol is used to produce stably transformed tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) nt1 cell lines, using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated dna delivery of a binary vector containing a gene encoding hepatitis b surface antigen and a gene encoding the kanamycin selection marker. the nt1 cultures, at the appropriate stage of growth, are inoculated with a. tumefaciens containing the binary vector. a 3-day cocultivation period follows, after which the cultures are rinsed and placed on solid selective m ...	2006	17406390
a protocol for agrobacterium-mediated transformation in rice.	agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rice is an important method that has been widely adopted by many laboratories. however, because current approaches rely on culture systems, routine protocols have been established only in japonica rice, especially those varieties with higher regeneration potential. some very efficient methods have been developed for japonica varieties that enable high-throughput functional analysis in rice; however, many elite japonica, and most indica, varieties are diff ...	2006	17406537
[numerical taxonomy and 16s rdna pcr-rflp analysis of rhizobial strains isolated from root nodules of cowpea and mung bean grown in different regions of china].	seventy-nine rhizobial strains, isolated from root nodules of cowpea ( vigna unguiculata ) and mung bean (vigna radiata ) grown in different regions of china, were studied by a fuzzy cluster analysis of 128 phenotypic characteristics. the phenotypic characterization of these strains showed that most of these strains had high stress resistance. for instance, most of them could grow from ph 5.0 to ph 11.0. over 85% of these strains could grow well on yma plate at 37 degrees c and several of them e ...	2006	17302144
[genomics and functional genomics in microbiology].	functional genomics is changing our understanding of biology and changing our approach to biological research. it brings about concerted, high-throughput genetics with analyses of gene transcripts, proteins, and metabolites to answer the ultimate question posed by all genome-sequencing projects: what is the biological function of each and every gene? functional genomics is stimulating a change in the research paradigm away from the analysis of single genes, proteins, or metabolites towards the a ...	2006	17578085
rapid, transient expression of fluorescent fusion proteins in tobacco plants and generation of stably transformed plants.	expression and tracking of fluorescent fusion proteins has revolutionized our understanding of basic concepts in cell biology. the protocol presented here has underpinned much of the in vivo results highlighting the dynamic nature of the plant secretory pathway. transient transformation of tobacco leaf epidermal cells is a relatively fast technique to assess expression of genes of interest. these cells can be used to generate stable plant lines using a more time-consuming, cell culture technique ...	2006	17487191
[physiological and agrochemical properties of different symbiotic genotypes of pea (pisum sativum l.)].	physiological characters of symbiotic mutants of pea were studied: nodulation, activities of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase, chlorophyll content in leaves and their water-holding capacity, biomass accumulation, and nitrogen forms. the parameters reflecting the genotype state of the macrosymbiont under soil conditions considerably varied. supernodulation mutants stood out against symbiotic pea genotypes by high contents of chlorophyll and nonprotein nitrogen compounds, high nitrogenase activit ...	2006	17168465
bacterial evolution by intelligent design.	in a process called quorum sensing, bacteria produce and secrete certain signaling compounds (called autoinducers) that bind to receptors on other bacteria and activate transcription of certain genes. a clever genetic selection yields a new quorum-sensing transcriptional regulator that marches to the beat of a different drummer.	2006	17168520
the innate immunity of maize and the dynamic chemical strategies regulating two-component signal transduction in agrobacterium tumefaciens.	the naturally occurring 2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxybenzoxazin-3-one (hdmboa), essentially the sole component of maize seedling organic exudate, was shown to be a potent inhibitor of the vira-virg two-component system which mediates host recognition and activates virulence gene transcription in the soil pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens. the hydrolytic lability of hdmboa creates a steady-state zone of inhibition circumscribing the young maize seedling. we now show that rather than the hdmboa natural ...	2006	17163664
agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation of the phaseolus spp.: a tool for functional genomics.	a fast, reproducible, and efficient transformation procedure employing agrobacterium rhizogenes was developed for phaseolus vulgaris l. wild accessions, landraces, and cultivars and for three other species belonging to the genus phaseolus: p. coccineus, p. lunatus, and p. acutifolius. induced hairy roots are robust and grow quickly. the transformation frequency is between 75 and 90% based on the 35-s promoter-driven green fluorescent protein and beta-glucuronidase expression reporter constructs. ...	2006	17153923
identification of symbiotically defective mutants of lotus japonicus affected in infection thread growth.	during the symbiotic interaction between legumes and rhizobia, the host cell plasma membrane and associated plant cell wall invaginate to form a tunnel-like infection thread, a structure in which bacteria divide to reach the plant root cortex. we isolated four lotus japonicus mutants that make infection pockets in root hairs but form very few infection threads after inoculation with mesorhizobium loti. the few infection threads that did initiate in the mutants usually did not progress further th ...	2006	17153928
an in-built proteinase inhibitor system for the protection of recombinant proteins recovered from transgenic plants.	proteolytic degradation represents a significant barrier to the efficient production of several recombinant proteins in plants, both in vivo during their expression and in vitro during their recovery from source tissues. here, we describe a strategy to protect recombinant proteins during the recovery process, based on the coexpression of a heterologous proteinase inhibitor acting as a 'mouse trap' against the host proteases during extraction. after confirming the importance of trypsin- and chymo ...	2006	17147641
[induction of hairy roots and anthraquinone production in rheum palmatum].	to study the induction of hairy roots and anthraquinone production in rheum palmatum.	2006	17144464
[progress on agrobacterium-mediated transformation of banana].	the development of improved musa by conventional breeding remains to be a difficult endeavor because of the long generation times, various levels of ploidy, sterility of most edible cultivars and limited genetic variability. therefore, genetic engineering may offer an alternative method for crop enhancement. the transformation system mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens has been used successfully to transform banana during the past 10 years. this article reviews recent progresses on transformat ...	2006	17138552
the agrobacterium vire3 effector protein: a potential plant transcriptional activator.	during the infection of plants, agrobacterium tumefaciens introduces several virulence proteins including vire2, virf, vird5 and vire3 into plant cells in addition to the t-dna. here, we report that double mutation of virf and vire3 leads to strongly diminished tumor formation on tobacco, tomato and sunflower. the vire3 protein is translated from a polycistronic mrna containing the vire1, vire2 and vire3 genes, in agrobacterium. the vire3 protein has nuclear localization sequences, which suggest ...	2006	17130174
a cdpk isoform participates in the regulation of nodule number in medicago truncatula.	medicago spp. are able to develop root nodules via symbiotic interaction with sinorhizobium meliloti. calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) are involved in various signalling pathways in plants, and we found that expression of mtcpk3, a cdpk isoform present in roots of the model legume medicago truncatula, is regulated during the nodulation process. early inductions were detected 15 min and 3-4 days post-inoculation (dpi). the very early induction of cpk3 messengers was also present in inocu ...	2006	17132148
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of yellow lupin to generate callus tissue producing hbv surface antigen in a long-term culture.	the idea of an oral vaccine administered as a portion of plant tissue requires a high level of antigen production. an improved protocol for the induction of transgenic yellow lupin calli or tumours, reaching 44% of transformation rate, is presented here. it has been developed by using the nptii marker gene and the uida reporter gene as well as various agrobacterium strains and plant explants. this method of seedling and hypocotyl transformation was applied to raise calli or tumours producing a s ...	2006	17132895
characterization of the glyoxalase i gene from the vascular wilt fungus verticillium dahliae.	a glyoxalase i gene homologue (vdglo1) was identified in the vascular wilt fungus verticillium dahliae by sequence tag analysis of genes expressed during resting structure development. the results of the current study show that the gene encodes a putative 345 amino acid protein with high similarity to glyoxalase i, which produces s-d-lactoylglutathione from the toxic metabolic by-product methylglyoxal (mg). disruption of the v. dahliae gene by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation re ...	2006	17110973