Publications

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recombinagenic effect of cryptolepine in uvsh+//uvsh+ and uvsh//uvsh diploid strains of aspergillus nidulans.recombinagenic potential of the alkaloid cryptolepine was evaluated in two diploid strains of aspergillus nidulans--a wild type strain (uvsh+//uvsh+) and a dna-repair-deficient one (uvsh//uvsh). treatment of both strains with cryptolepine failed to alter colony growth in culture; its recombinagenic potential was determined by the homozygotization index (in which events of mitotic exchange may cause expression of genes previously masked by the dominant allele). mitotic crossing-overs were induced ...200212503397
[guttural pouch mycosis by emericella nidulans in a horse].a case of guttural pouch mycosis in a horse caused by emericella nidulans is reported for the first time in spain. the high incidence of e. nidulans in this special kind of mycoses is discussed.200212825984
guido pontecorvo, 29 november 1907 - 25 september 1999.guido pontecorvo was elected a fellow of the royal society in 1955 for his contributions to the genetics of drosophilia and the fungus aspergillus nidulans. pontecorvo was a leading british geneticist, prominent in the decade preceding the discovery of dna, who enriched our understanding of genes and whose pioneering work on the parasexual cycle in fungi found application in human somatic cell genetics. known to friends as ponte, he had a strong personality. somewhat irascible but warm, with a w ...200213678073
mapping woronin body position in aspergillus nidulans.the positions of all woronin bodies in five germlings of aspergillus nidulans prepared by plunge freezing and freeze substitution were determined by transmission electron microscopy. as expected, woronin bodies were found near septa. high numbers of morphologically identical organelles were also found in apical regions. to verify that these organelles were authentic woronin bodies, we used antibodies raised against the neurospora crassa woronin body matrix protein hex1. anti-hex1 antibodies labe ...200221156495
physiological characterisation of recombinant aspergillus nidulans strains with different crea genotypes expressing a. oryzae alpha-amylase.the physiology of three strains of aspergillus nidulans was examined--a crea deletion strain, a wild type crea genotype and a strain containing extra copies of the crea gene, all producing aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase. the strains were cultured in batch and continuous cultivations and the biomass formation and alpha-amylase production was characterised. overexpression of the crea gene resulted in a lower maximum specific growth rate and a slightly higher repression of the alpha-amylase produ ...200211689252
microbial, chemical and physical aspects of citrus waste composting.citrus waste supplemented with calcium hydroxide and with a c/n ratio of 24:1, ph of 6.3 and moisture content of 60% was composted by piling under shelter. with regular turning over of the pile and replenishment of moisture, the thermic phase lasted for 65-70 days and composting was completed after 3 months. compost thus prepared had an air-filled porosity of 14%, water-holding capacity of 590 ml l(-1), bulk density of 1.05 g cm(-3) and conductivity of 480 ms m(-1). phosphorus content (in mg l(- ...200211708757
sulphur amino acid synthesis in schizosaccharomyces pombe represents a specific variant of sulphur metabolism in fungi.schizosaccharomyces pombe, in contrast to saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus nidulans, lacks cystathionine beta-synthase and cystathionine gamma-lyase, two enzymes in the pathway from methionine to cysteine. as a consequence, methionine cannot serve as an efficient sulphur source for the fungus and does not bring about repression of sulphur assimilation, which is under control of the cysteine-mediated sulphur metabolite repression system. this system operates at the transcriptional level, ...200211754480
regulation of the acuf gene, encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) is a key enzyme required for gluconeogenesis when microorganisms grow on carbon sources metabolized via the tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle. aspergillus nidulans acuf mutants isolated by their inability to use acetate as a carbon source specifically lack pepck. the acuf gene has been cloned and shown to encode a protein with high similarity to pepck from bacteria, plants, and fungi. the regulation of acuf expression has been studied by northern blotting a ...200211741859
nek2 localizes to multiple sites in mitotic cells, suggesting its involvement in multiple cellular functions during the cell cycle.nek2 is a mammalian protein kinase that is structurally homologous to nima, a mitotic regulator in aspergillus nidulans. to understand the possible cellular processes in which nek2 participates during the cell cycle, we investigated the expression and subcellular localization of nek2 in mitotic cells. the nek2 protein levels were observed to be regulated in a cell cycle stage-specific manner in cultured cells. the cell cycle stage specificity of nek2 expression was also confirmed in cells underg ...200211785960
observation of egfp-visualized nuclei and distribution of vacuoles in aspergillus oryzae arpa null mutant.the arpa gene encoding arp1 (actin-related protein) was previously cloned and characterized from aspergillus oryzae. phenotypes of the arpa null mutant indicate its requirement for normal nuclear distribution and morphology of conidiophores. in this study, we further characterized the function of the arpa gene in distribution of organelles. for further analysis of nuclear migration in living cells, an expression system consisting of a fusion protein of aspergillus nidulans histone h2b and egfp ( ...200211786257
mutations in sfda and sfdb suppress multiple developmental mutations in aspergillus nidulans.conidiophore morphogenesis in aspergillus nidulans occurs in response to developmental signals that result in the activation of brla, a well-characterized gene that encodes a transcription factor that is central to asexual development. loss-of-function mutations in flbd and other fluffy loci have previously been shown to result in delayed development and reduced expression of brla. flbd message is detectable during both hyphal growth and conidiation, and its gene product is similar to the myb fa ...200211805053
aspergillus nidulans septin aspb plays pre- and postmitotic roles in septum, branch, and conidiophore development.members of the septin family of proteins act as organizational scaffolds in areas of cell division and new growth in a variety of organisms. herein, we show that in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, the septin aspb is important for cellular division, branching, and conidiation both pre- and postmitotically. aspb localizes postmitotically to the septation site with an underlying polarity that is evident as cytokinesis progresses. this localization at the septation site is dependent on ...200211809826
expression of drosophila melanogaster xanthine dehydrogenase in aspergillus nidulans and some properties of the recombinant enzyme.recent crystal structures of xanthine dehydrogenase, xanthine oxidase and related enzymes have paved the way for a detailed structural and functional analysis of these enzymes. one problem encountered when working with these proteins, especially with recombinant protein, is that the preparations tend to be heterogeneous, with only a fraction of the enzyme molecules being active. this is due to the incompleteness of post-translational modification, which for this protein is a complex, and incompl ...200211829759
the genes gmda, encoding an amidase, and bzua, encoding a cytochrome p450, are required for benzamide utilization in aspergillus nidulans.two unlinked loci, gmda and bzua, have previously been identified as being required for the utilization of benzamide as the sole nitrogen source by aspergillus nidulans. we have cloned each of these genes via direct complementation. the gmda gene encodes a predicted product belonging to the amidase signature sequence family that displays similarity to amds from a. nidulans. however, identity is significantly higher to the amds gene from aspergillus niger. the bzua gene encodes a protein belongin ...200211848676
molecular evaluation of the plasma membrane proton pump from aspergillus fumigatus.the gene encoding the plasma membrane proton pump (h+ -atpase) of aspergillus fumigatus, pma1, was characterized from a. fumigatus strain nih 5233 and clinical isolate h11-20. an open reading frame of 3,109 nucleotides with two introns near the n terminus predicts a protein consisting of 989 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 108 kda. the predicted a. fumigatus enzyme is 89 and 51% identical to h+ - atpases of aspergillus nidulans and saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. the a ...200211850239
a quantity control mechanism regulating levels of the hape subunit of the hap complex in aspergillus nidulans: no accumulation of hape in hapc deletion mutants.the aspergillus nidulans ccaat-binding complex (hap complex) consists of at least three subunits, hapb, hapc and hape. to investigate the quantity control mechanisms of the subunits during assembly of the hap complex, reconstitution studies with the recombinant subunits and extracts prepared from the respective hap subunit deletion mutants were carried out. furthermore, western blot analysis of the hap subunits and northern blot analysis of the hap genes with the respective deletion mutants were ...200211852085
functional characterization and localization of the aspergillus nidulans formin sepa.formins are a family of multidomain scaffold proteins involved in actin-dependent morphogenetic events. in aspergillus nidulans, the formin sepa participates in two actin-mediated processes, septum formation and polarized growth. in this study, we use a new null mutant to demonstrate that sepa is required for the formation of actin rings at septation sites. in addition, we find that a functional sepa::gfp fusion protein localizes simultaneously to septation sites and hyphal tips, and that sepa c ...200211854405
evidence that gamma-aminobutyric acid is a major nitrogen source during cladosporium fulvum infection of tomato.the growth of the biotrophic pathogen cladosporium fulvum within the tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) leaf is restricted to the intercellular space. previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) accumulates to millimolar concentrations in the apoplast during a compatible interaction. we decided to further investigate the role of gaba during infection. a gene encoding a required enzyme for gaba metabolism, gaba transaminase (gat1), was cloned an ...200211855646
genetic control of extracellular protease synthesis in the yeast yarrowia lipolytica.depending on the ph of the growth medium, the yeast yarrowia lipolytica secretes an acidic protease or an alkaline protease, the synthesis of which is also controlled by carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur availability, as well as by the presence of extracellular proteins. previous results have indicated that the alkaline protease response to ph was dependent on ylrim101p, ylrim8p/ylpalf, and ylrim21p/ylpalh, three components of a conserved ph signaling pathway initially described in aspergillus nidula ...200211861549
pcp1p, an spc110p-related calmodulin target at the centrosome of the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe.in the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, the calmodulin-binding protein spc110p/nuf1p facilitates mitotic spindle formation from the fungal centrosome or spindle pole body (spb). the human spc110p orthologue kendrin is a centrosomal, calmodulin-binding pericentrin isoform that is specifically overexpressed in carcinoma cells. here we establish an evolutionary and functional link between spc110p and kendrin through identification and analysis of similar calmodulin-binding proteins in the fi ...200211864908
novel alpha-glucosidase from aspergillus nidulans with strong transglycosylation activity.aspergillus nidulans possessed an alpha-glucosidase with strong transglycosylation activity. the enzyme, designated alpha-glucosidase b (agdb), was purified and characterized. agdb was a heterodimeric protein comprising 74- and 55-kda subunits and catalyzed hydrolysis of maltose along with formation of isomaltose and panose. approximately 50% of maltose was converted to isomaltose, panose, and other minor transglycosylation products by agdb, even at low maltose concentrations. the agdb gene was ...200211872475
quantitative analysis of the relative transcript levels of abc transporter atr genes in aspergillus nidulans by real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay.the development of assays for quantitative analysis of the relative transcript levels of abc transporter genes by real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) might provide important information about multidrug resistance in filamentous fungi. here, we evaluate the potential of real-time rt-pcr to quantify the relative transcript levels of abc transporter atr genes from aspergillus nidulans. the atra to atrd genes showed different and higher levels in the presence of structurally unrelated drugs ...200211872487
oxidative stress-induced calcium signalling in aspergillus nidulans.the effects of oxidative stress on levels of calcium ion (ca(2+)) in aspergillus nidulans were measured using strains expressing aequorin in the cytoplasm (aeq(cyt)) and mitochondria (aeq(mt)). when oxidative stress was induced by exposure to 10-mm h(2)o(2), the mitochondrial calcium response (ca(mt)(2+)) was greater than the change in cytoplasmic calcium (ca(c)(2+)). the ca(mt)(2+) response to h(2)o(2) was dose dependent, while the increase in [ca(c)(2+)] did not change with increasing h(2)o(2) ...200211882388
activation of the aspergillus pacc zinc finger transcription factor requires two proteolytic steps.the aspergillus pacc transcription factor undergoes proteolytic activation in response to alkaline ambient ph. in acidic environments, the 674 residue translation product adopts a 'closed' conformation, protected from activation through intramolecular interactions involving the < or = 150 residue c-terminal domain. ph signalling converts pacc to an accessible conformation enabling processing cleavage within residues 252--254. we demonstrate that activation of pacc requires two sequential proteol ...200211889040
interactions defining the specificity between fungal xylanases and the xylanase-inhibiting protein xip-i from wheat.we previously reported on the xylanase-inhibiting protein i (xip-i) from wheat [mclauchlan, garcia-conesa, williamson, roza, ravestein and maat (1999), biochem. j. 338, 441-446]. in the present study, we show that xip-i inhibits family-10 and -11 fungal xylanases. the k(i) values for fungal xylanases ranged from 3.4 to 610 nm, but bacterial family-10 and -11 xylanases were not inhibited. unlike many glycosidase inhibitors, xip-i was not a slow-binding inhibitor of the aspergillus niger xylanase. ...200211955286
aspergillus nidulans sod(vi)c1 mutation causes defects in cell wall biogenesis and protein secretion.growth at the restrictive temperature (42 degrees c) of aspergillus nidulans b120, carrying the conditional-lethal mutation sod(vi)c1, was partially improved by the addition of 1.0 m sorbitol to the medium. the mutant grown at 42 degrees c, with osmotic stabilizer, showed abnormal hyphal morphology, a decrease in beta-1,3-glucan synthase activity as well as cell wall sugar content, but an increase in chitin synthase activity and n-acetyl-glucosamine content. the mutation also affected the secret ...200211959445
cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain and heavy chain are dependent upon each other for microtubule end localization in aspergillus nidulans.the multisubunit microtubule motor, cytoplasmic dynein, targets to various subcellular locations in eukaryotic cells for various functions. the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (hc) contains the microtubule binding and atp binding sites for motor function, whereas the intermediate chain (ic) is implicated in the in vivo targeting of the hc. concerning any targeting event, it is not known whether the ic has to form a complex with the hc for targeting or whether the ic can target to a site independe ...200211972777
nitrate and the gata factor area are necessary for in vivo binding of nira, the pathway-specific transcriptional activator of aspergillus nidulans.in aspergillus nidulans, the genes coding for nitrate reductase (niad) and nitrite reductase (niia), are transcribed divergently from a common promoter region of 1200 basepairs. we have previously characterized the relevant cis-acting elements for the two synergistically acting transcriptional activators nira and area. we have further shown that area is constitutively bound to a central cluster of four gata sites, and is involved in opening the chromatin structure over the promoter region thus m ...200211972792
prna, a zn2cys6 activator with a unique dna recognition mode, requires inducer for in vivo binding.the prna transcriptional activator of aspergillus nidulans binds as a dimer to ccgg-n-ccgg inverted repeats and to ccgg-6/7n-ccgg direct repeats. the binding specificity of the prna zn cluster differs from that of the gal4p/ppr1p/uay/put3p group of proteins. chimeras with uay, a protein that strictly recognizes a cgg-6n-ccg motif, show that the recognition of the direct repeats necessitates the prna dimerization and linker elements, but the recognition of the ccgg-n-ccgg inverted repeats depends ...200211972793
a novel abc transporter gene, pmr5, is involved in multidrug resistance in the phytopathogenic fungus penicillium digitatum.we have cloned a novel abc transporter gene pmr5 from the phytopathogenic fungus penicillium digitatum by rt-pcr using degenerate primers. the deduced amino acid sequence of pmr5 showed 37% identity to pmr1 from the same fungus, 71% identity to atrb from aspergillus nidulans, and 65% identity to bcatrb from botrytis cinerea. disruption mutants for pmr5 were generated in two independent p. digitatum strains and their phenotypes were characterized. these mutants displayed increased sensitivity to ...200211976961
cloning of a prolidase gene from aspergillus nidulans and characterisation of its product.using est sequence information available from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans as a starting point, we have cloned the prolidase-encoding gene, designated pepp. introduction of multiple copies of this gene into the a. nidulansgenome leads to overexpression of an intracellular prolidase activity. prolidase was subsequently purified and characterised from an overexpressing strain. the enzyme activity is dependent on manganese as a cofactor, is specific for dipeptides and hydrolyses only ...200211976965
chiral discrimination by hplc and ce and antifungal activity of racemic fenticonazole and its enantiomers.fenticonazole is a chiral antifungal agent, used in therapy as the racemic mixture. the investigation on the chirality of fenticonazole is reported in this study. rac-fenticonazole was resolved by hplc and by capillary electrophoresis (ce). the chiral stationary phase (csp), used in hplc, was daicel od-h, a commercial phase, which allowed the separate collection of the two enantiomers. the chiral selectors used for ce were some cyclodextrin derivatives. the analysis time required from ce was abo ...200211984761
gal80 confers specificity on hat complex interactions with activators.several yeast transcription activators have been shown to interact with and recruit histone acetyltransferase complexes to promoters in chromatin. the promiscuity of activator/hat interactions suggests that additional factors temporally regulate these interactions in response to signaling pathways. in this study, we demonstrate that the negative regulator, gal80, blocks interactions between the saga and nua4 hat complexes and the gal4 activator. by contrast, gal80 did not inhibit saga and nua4 i ...200211986320
characteristics of physiological inducers of the ethanol utilization (alc) pathway in aspergillus nidulans.the ethanol utilization (alc) pathway in aspergillus nidulans is one of the strongest expressed gene systems in filamentous fungi. the pathway-specific activator alcr requires the presence of an inducing compound to activate transcription of genes under its control. we have demonstrated recently that acetaldehyde is the sole physiological inducer of ethanol catabolism. in the present study we show that compounds with catabolism related to that of ethanol, i.e. primary alcohols, primary monoamine ...200211988072
repression of chsb expression reveals the functional importance of class iv chitin synthase gene chsd in hyphal growth and conidiation of aspergillus nidulans.the functions of two previously identified chitin synthase genes in aspergillus nidulans, chsb and chsd, were analysed. first, a conditional chsb mutant was constructed in which the expression of chsb is under the control of a repressible promoter, the alca promoter, of a. nidulans. under repressing conditions, the mutant grew slowly and produced highly branched hyphae, supporting the idea that chsb is involved in normal hyphal growth. the involvement of chsb in conidiation was also demonstrated ...200211988507
a novel mechanism for protein-assisted group i intron splicing.previously it was shown that the aspergillus nidulans (a.n.) mitochondrial cob intron maturase, i-anii, facilitates splicing of the cob intron in vitro. in this study, we apply kinetic analysis of binding and splicing along with rna deletion analysis to gain insight into the mechanism of i-anii facilitated splicing. our results are consistent with i-anii and a.n. cob pre-rna forming a specific but labile encounter complex that is resolved into the native, splicing-competent complex. significantl ...200211991637
a basic helix-loop-helix protein with similarity to the fungal morphological regulators, phd1p, efg1p and stua, controls conidiation but not dimorphic growth in penicillium marneffei.members of the apses protein group are basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) proteins that regulate processes such as mating, asexual sporulation and dimorphic growth in fungi. penicillium marneffei is a human pathogen and is the only member of its genus to display a dimorphic growth transition. at 25 degrees c, p. marneffei grows with a filamentous morphology and produces asexual spores from multicellular con-idiophores. at 37 degrees c, the filamentous morphology is replaced by yeast cells that reprod ...200211994146
refined molecular hinge between allosteric and catalytic domain determines allosteric regulation and stability of fungal chorismate mutase.the yeast chorismate mutase is regulated by tyrosine as feedback inhibitor and tryptophan as crosspathway activator. the monomer consists of a catalytic and a regulatory domain covalently linked by the loop l220s (212-226), which functions as a molecular hinge. two monomers form the active dimeric enzyme stabilized by hydrophobic interactions in the vicinity of loop l220s. the role of loop l220s and its environment for enzyme regulation, dimerization, and stability was analyzed. substitution of ...200211997452
transformation of aspergillus sp. and trichoderma reesei using the pyrithiamine resistance gene (ptra) of aspergillus oryzae.a pyrithiamine (pt) resistance gene (ptra) was cloned from a pt resistant mutant of aspergillus oryzae and was useful as a dominant selectable marker for transformation of all a. oryzae wild type strain as well as a. nidulans. for further study, we examined whether or not ptra could be used as the transformation marker in other species of filamentous fungi. two types of plasmid, which contain ptra as a selectable marker, were constructed, and the transformation experiments were done with them. o ...200211999416
the distinctiveness of atp:citrate lyase from aspergillus nidulans.atp:citrate lyase (acl), an important enzyme in lipid synthesis, has been purified from aspergillus nidulans to a specific activity of 19.6 micromol min(-1) mg(-1), almost twice that of any other purified acl and shown to be distinct from any previously purified acl. the enzyme is a 371+/-31 kda hexamer of 3 alpha, 3 beta proteins, unlike the 4 alpha tetramer found in rats or yeasts. the molecular weights of the alpha and beta protein subunits were determined by sds-page to be 70 and 55 kda. acl ...200212009400
method for measuring postantifungal effect in aspergillus species.an in vitro method for determination of postantifungal effect (pafe) in molds was developed by using three isolates each of aspergillus fumigatus, a. flavus, a. terreus, a. nidulans, and a. ustus. mics of amphotericin b and itraconazole were determined by using national committee for clinical laboratory standards guidelines (m38-p). the inoculum was prepared in rpmi 1640 broth buffered with mops (morpholinepropanesulfonic acid) at ph 7.0, and conidia were exposed to amphotericin b and itraconazo ...200212019115
the regulation of nitrate and ammonium transport systems in plants.inorganic nitrogen concentrations in soil solutions vary across several orders of magnitude among different soils and as a result of seasonal changes. in order to respond to this heterogeneity, plants have evolved mechanisms to regulate and influx. in addition, efflux analysis using (13)n has revealed that there is a co-ordinated regulation of all component fluxes within the root, including biochemical fluxes. physiological studies have demonstrated the presence of two high-affinity transporter ...200211912228
cloning of aspergillus fumigatus histidine kinase gene fragment and its expression during invasive infection.it was demonstrated recently that three histidine kinases genes in candida albicans contributed to virulence, indicating the importance of signaling pathways regulated by histidine kinases. in the present study, using a set of degenerate primers, rt-pcr was performed with cdna of a. fumigatus as a template. pcr products were cloned and sequenced. after blast analysis, it was found that one fragment (named as afhk1), 305 bp, was highly homologous to the two-component histidine kinase tesa gene of ...200211913767
eglc, a new endoglucanase from aspergillus niger with major activity towards xyloglucan.a novel gene, eglc, encoding an endoglucanase, was cloned from aspergillus niger. transcription of eglc is regulated by xlnr, a transcriptional activator that controls the degradation of polysaccharides in plant cell walls. eglc is an 858-amino-acid protein and contains a conserved c-terminal cellulose-binding domain. eglc can be classified in glycoside hydrolase family 74. no homology to any of the endoglucanases from trichoderma reesei was found. in the plant cell wall xyloglucan is closely li ...200211916668
osmotic stress-coupled maintenance of polar growth in aspergillus nidulans.free-living cells monitor extracellular 'osmotic strength' and respond metabolically to offset unfavourable osmotic intracellular solute concentrations. here, we report the reconstruction of the aspergillus nidulans salt stress-controlling map kinase pathway, based on homology analysis with known yeast genes. in a. nidulans, salt stress hog genes, such as pbsa, hoga, ptpa and msna, are upregulated when exposed to high concentrations of salt and, in a hoga deletion mutant (sik1), the accumulation ...200211918796
the wd40-repeat protein crec interacts with and stabilizes the deubiquitinating enzyme creb in vivo in aspergillus nidulans.genetic dissection of carbon catabolite repression in aspergillus nidulans has identified two genes, creb and crec, which, when mutated, affect expression of many genes in both carbon catabolite repressing and derepressing conditions. the creb gene encodes a functional deubiquitinating enzyme and the crec gene encodes a protein that contains five wd40 repeat motifs, and a proline-rich region. these findings have allowed the in vivo molecular analysis of a cellular switch involving deubiquitinati ...200211918805
the fle1 gene encoding a c2h2 zinc finger protein co-ordinates male and female sexual differentiation in podospora anserina.the flexuosa (fle1-1) mutant, isolated in podospora anserina, displays vegetative defects and two antagonistic sexual phenotypes: it produces several 1000-fold fewer microconidia (male gametes) than the wild-type strain and, conversely, more abundant protoperithecia (female organs). cloning and sequencing of the fle1 gene and of cdna identified an open reading frame encoding a 382-amino-acid polypeptide with two c2h2 zinc finger motifs. the predicted fle1 protein shares 46% identity with the flb ...200211918811
marker construction and cloning of a cut1-like sequence with ars activity in the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces japonicus.the dimorphic fission yeast schizosaccharomyces japonicus has proved to be an excellent experimental model for the investigation of the eukaryotic cell. here we show that it has a haplontic life cycle, in which the diploid phase is confined to the zygote. to make it amenable to genetic and molecular analysis, we generated genetic markers and cloned a genomic sequence which acts as ars when integrated into a plasmid. diploids suitable for testing complementation and recombination between markers ...200211921097
france. biologist wins battle over bureaucratic fungus. 200211923508
the dna damage response in filamentous fungi.the mechanisms used by fungal cells to repair dna damage have been subjects of intensive investigation for almost 50 years. as a result, the model yeasts schizosaccharomyces pombe and saccharomyces cerevisiae have led the way in yielding critical insights into the nature of the dna damage response. at the same time, largely through the efforts of etta kafer, hirokazu inoue, and colleagues, a substantial collection of aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa dna repair mutants has been identifi ...200211929209
isolation and characterization of the mating-type idiomorphs from the wheat septoria leaf blotch fungus mycosphaerella graminicola.both mating-type loci from the wheat septoria leaf blotch pathogen mycosphaerella graminicola have been cloned and sequenced. the mat1-2 gene was identified by screening a genomic library from the mat1-2 isolate ipo94269 with a heterologous probe from tapesia yallundae. the mat1-2 idiomorph is 2772 bp and contains a single gene encoding a putative high-mobility-group protein of 394 amino acids. the opposite idiomorph was obtained from isolate ipo323, which has the complementary mating type, by l ...200211929216
characterization of the aspergillus nidulans 14-3-3 homologue, arta.the 14-3-3 family of proteins function as small adaptors that facilitate a diverse array of cellular processes by mediating specific protein interactions. one such process is the dna damage checkpoint, where these proteins prevent inappropriate activation of cyclin-dependent kinases. the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans possesses a highly conserved 14-3-3 homologue (arta) that may function in an analogous manner to prevent septum formation. however, instead of blocking septation, over-exp ...200212023078
components of the saga histone acetyltransferase complex are required for repressed transcription of arg1 in rich medium.transcriptional regulation of the saccharomyces cerevisiae arg1 gene is controlled by positive and negative elements. the transactivator gcn4p is required for activation in minimal medium, while arginine repression requires the argr/mcm1 regulatory complex, which binds to two upstream arginine control elements. we have found that the coordinated regulation of arg1 requires components of the saga chromatin-remodeling complex. using gcn5 deletion strains and a gcn5 protein carrying the e173q mutat ...200212024017
promoter elements in the aflatoxin pathway polyketide synthase gene.pksa catalyzes the formation of the polyketide backbone necessary for aflatoxin biosynthesis. based on reporter assays and sequence comparisons of the nor1-pksa intergenic region in different aflatoxin-producing aspergillus species, cis-acting elements for the aflatoxin pathway-specific regulatory protein, aflr, and the global-acting regulatory proteins brla and pacc are involved in pksa promoter activity.200212031498
isolation of genes encoding novel transcription factors which interact with the hap complex from aspergillus species.the saccharomyces cerevisiae ccaat-binding factor is composed of four subunits hap2p, hap3p, hap4p and hap5p. three subunits, hap2/3/5p, are required for dna-binding and hap4p is involved in transcriptional activation. although homologues of hap2/3/5p (in the case of aspergillus nidulans; hapb/c/e, respectively) were found in many eukaryotes, no hap4p homologues have been found except for the other yeast, kluyveromyces lactis. with the lexa-hap2, -hapb, -hapc, or -hape fusion gene, we evaluated ...200212031499
e-test method for testing susceptibilities of aspergillus spp. to the new triazoles voriconazole and posaconazole and to established antifungal agents: comparison with nccls broth microdilution method.nccls document m38-p describes standard parameters for testing the fungistatic activities (mics) of established agents against filamentous fungi (molds). this study evaluated the in vitro susceptibilities of 15 aspergillus flavus isolates, 62 a. fumigatus isolates, and 10 isolates each of a. niger, a. nidulans, and a. terreus to voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin b by the e-test and nccls m38-p microdilution methods. the agreement (within 3 dilutions) between methods for ...200212037072
structurally and functionally conserved domains in the diverse hydrophilic carboxy-terminal halves of various yeast and fungal na+/h+ antiporters (nha1p).genes encoding the na(+)/h(+) antiporter (nha1p) from candida tropicalis (c.t.), hansenula anomala (h.a.) (also named pichia anomala), and aspergillus nidulans (a.n.) were cloned, and the nucleotide sequences were determined. the deduced primary sequences revealed highly conserved hydrophobic regions and rather diverse hydrophilic regions. among the seven known nha1p sequences, schizosaccharomyces pombe (s.p.) nha1p is exceptional in lacking the hydrophilic region. within the diverse hydrophilic ...200212038978
isomaltulose synthase from klebsiella sp. strain lx3: gene cloning and characterization and engineering of thermostability.the gene (pali) encoding isomaltulose synthase (pali) from a soil bacterial isolate, klebsiella sp. strain lx3, was cloned and characterized. pali converts sucrose into isomaltulose, trehalulose, and trace amounts of glucose and fructose. sequence domain analysis showed that pali contains an alpha-amylase domain and (beta/alpha)(8)-barrel structures, suggesting that it belongs to the alpha-amylase family. sequence alignment indicated that the five amino acid residues of catalytic importance in a ...200212039719
a gene from aspergillus nidulans with similarity to ure2 of saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a glutathione s-transferase which contributes to heavy metal and xenobiotic resistance.aspergillus nidulans is a saprophytic ascomycete that utilizes a wide variety of nitrogen sources. we identified a sequence from a. nidulans similar to the glutathione s-transferase-like nitrogen regulatory domain of saccharomyces cerevisiae ure2. cloning and sequencing of the gene, designated gsta, revealed it to be more similar to ure2 than the s. cerevisiae glutathione s-transferases. however, creation and analysis of a gsta deletion mutant revealed that the gene does not participate in nitro ...200212039735
camp and ras signalling independently control spore germination in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.the role of camp signalling during germination of asexual spores (conidia) of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans was investigated. a. nidulans strains defective for adenylate cyclase (cyaa) or for the functionally overlapping camp-dependent protein kinase (pkaa) and newly characterized scha protein kinase, homologous to saccharomyces cerevisiae sch9, show altered trehalose mobilization and kinetics of germ tube outgrowth, in addition to other defects in colony formation. camp-dependent ...200212046590
mutation and functional analysis of the aspergillus nidulans ammonium permease meaa and evidence for interaction with itself and mepa.the movement of ammonium across biological membranes is mediated in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems by ammonium transport proteins which constitute a family of related sequences (called the amt/mep family). interestingly, recent evidence suggests that human and mouse rhesus proteins which display significant relatedness to amt/mep sequences may function as ammonium transporters. to add to the functional understanding of ammonium transport proteins, the sequence changes in 37 loss-of-func ...200212051893
proteomics of the eukaryotic transcription machinery: identification of proteins associated with components of yeast tfiid by multidimensional mass spectrometry.the general transcription factor tfiid is a multisubunit complex of tata-binding protein (tbp) and 14 distinct tbp-associated factors (tafs). although tfiid constituents are required for transcription initiation of most mrna encoding genes, the mechanism of tfiid action remains unclear. to gain insight into tfiid function, we sought to generate a proteomic catalogue of proteins specifically interacting with tfiid subunits. toward this end, tfiid was systematically immunopurified by using polyclo ...200212052880
identification and characterization of nek6 protein kinase, a potential human homolog of nima histone h3 kinase.in aspergillus nidulans, the kinase activity of nima (never in mitosis, gene a) is critical for the initiation of mitosis. nima regulates mitotic chromatin condensation through phosphorylation of histone h3 at serine 10. in the present study, we identified human nek6 (hnek6), a member of the mammalian nima-related kinases. the predicted hnek6 protein is comprised of 338 amino acids. northern blot analysis revealed that hnek6 transcripts are ubiquitously expressed with the highest expression foun ...200212054534
isolation of fluconazole-tolerant micromycetes onto different cultivation media.on studying the dependence of quality and/or quantity of environmental fluconazole-tolerant micromycetes on culture medium in vitro, the highest number of isolates was obtained in sabouraud agar (sa) without fluconazole (59 cfu/mg of soil sample at 25 degrees c and 31 cfu/mg at 37 degrees c). in the case of sa, fluconazole inhibited the growth of micromycetes to 83%. significant differences were found between the average concentration of cfu/mg for six cultivation media without and with fluconaz ...200212058387
yeast npi3/bro1 is involved in ubiquitin-dependent control of permease trafficking.the membrane traffic and stability of the general amino acid permease gap1 of saccharomyces cerevisiae are under nitrogen control. addition of a preferential nitrogen source such as ammonium to cells growing on a poor nitrogen source induces internalization of the permease and its subsequent degradation in the vacuole. this down-regulation requires ubiquitination of gap1 through a process involving ubiquitin ligase npi1/rsp5, ubiquitin hydrolase npi2/doa4, and bul1/2, two npi1/rsp5 interacting p ...200212062418
molecular cloning and characterization of the human nima-related protein kinase 3 gene (nek3).neks (nima-related kinases) are a group of protein kinases sharing high amino acid sequence identities with nima (never in mitosis gene a) which control mitosis in aspergillus nidulans. we have cloned a cdna for human nek3, a novel human gene structurally related to nima, by rt-pcr. its open reading frame encodes a protein of 489 amino acid residues with the calculated molecular mass of 56.0 kda and a predicted pi of 6.58. phylogenetic analysis suggests that mouse and human nek3s constitute a su ...200112063396
transformation system of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae using nitrate reductase gene of aspergillus nidulans.an heterologous transformation system for entomopathogenic fungi b. bassiana and m. anisopliae was developed based on the use of a. nidulans nitrate reductase gene (niad). b. bassiana and m. anisopliae niad stable mutants were selected by treatment of protoplast with ethane methane sulphonate (ems) and regenerated on chlorate medium. the cloned gene was capable of transforming b. bassiana and m. anisopliae at a frequency of 5.8 to 20 transformants per microg of dna. most of them were mitotically ...200112019757
differential esterase expression in developmental mutants of aspergillus nidulans.esterase isozymes were used to detect substrate-preference polymorphism in five strains of aspergillus nidulans, and to show differential gene expression in developmental mutants in response to 5-azacytidine treatment. the medusa mutants b116, sm23, and m25 were selected in the presence of 5-azacytidine (5ac); also the g839 bristle mutant obtained in the absence of 5ac as well as the ut196 master strain and the normal segregant sm24 were used for the esterase studies. the esterase isozyme patter ...200111860199
arca, the regulatory gene for the arginine catabolic pathway in aspergillus nidulans.we have cloned and analysed the arca gene which encodes a transcriptional activator necessary for the high-level expression of two genes for enzymes of the arginine catabolic pathway in aspergillus nidulans: agaa (for arginase) and otaa (for ornithine transaminase, otase). here we present complete genomic and cdna sequences for, and describe the pattern of expression of, the arca gene. this gene contains one intron and encodes a polypeptide of 600 amino acids. the deduced protein belongs to the ...200111810230
spontaneous second-site suppressors of the filamentation defect of prr1delta mutants define a critical domain of rim101p in candida albicans.in response to changes in ambient ph the opportunistic pathogen candida albicans differentially expresses a number of genes. the response to ph affects morphological differentiation and virulence. the pathway controlling the ph response terminates in the zinc-finger containing transcription factor encoded by rim101/prr2. by analogy to the ph response pathway of aspergillus nidulans, prr1 of c. albicans encodes a protein that is presumably required to convert rim101p from an inactive to an active ...200111810234
aspergillus nidulans diga, a potential homolog of saccharomyces cerevisiae pep3 (vps18), is required for nuclear migration, mitochondrial morphology and polarized growth.the fungal vacuole is an acidic organelle that is involved in a variety of physiological processes, such as protein turnover, ion and ph homeostasis and osmoregulation. the function of the vacuole largely depends on vesicle transport providing the organelle with enzymes and substrates. the process of vesicle transportation has been studied best in saccharomyces cerevisiae, where several proteins that are crucial for intracellular vesicle sorting have been identified. one such protein is pep3 (vp ...200111810240
the oxpa5 mutation of aspergillus nidulans is an allele of adb, the gene encoding adenylosuccinate synthetase.the oxpa5 mutation in aspergillus nidulans results in a pleiotropic phenotype, including resistance to oxypurinol and partial constitutivity of the enzymes of purine catabolism. here we show that the oxpa5 mutation is an allele of adb, the gene encoding adenylosuccinate synthetase (ass). cloning, sequencing and characterisation of the adb gene are reported in this paper. in vivo complementation tests indicate that the oxpa5 mutation is a partial loss-of-function mutation, and altered kinetic par ...200111810243
the effect of fungal ribosome inactivating proteins upon feeding choice in c. freemani, and indications of a mutualistic relationship with a. restrictus. environmental mycology.carpophilus freemani beetles' feeding on the fungus aspergillus nidulans was substantially inhibited when a. nidulans was transformed and induced to secrete the ribosome inactivating protein, restrictocin (genetic source: aspergillus restrictus). no inhibition of feeding was observed when a. nidulans was transformed and induced to produce an inactive form of restrictocin with a single amino-acid substitution in the active site. similarly, there was no inhibition of feeding upon transgenic strain ...200111811644
[activity of itraconazole against clinical isolates of aspergillus spp. and fusarium spp. determined by the m38-p nccls method].the antifungal activity of itraconazole was studied in 101 clinical isolates of aspergillus fumigatus, a. flavus, a. niger, a. terreus, a. nidulans, a. candidus, a. glaucus, a. clavatus, fusarium solani, f. oxysporum and f. semitectum. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) were determined according to the protocol of the m38-p national committee for laboratory standards (nccls) document using a microdilution method in 1640 rpmi liquid medium (visual reading at 48 and 72 h incubation). in g ...200111753450
no factors except for the hap complex increase the taka-amylase a gene expression by binding to the ccaat sequence in the promoter region.to examine the possibility that factors different from the hap complex are involved in increasing taka-amylase a gene (taa) expression in aspergillus nidulans, either the authentic taa gene or the mutant taa gene with a replacement of the ccaat box was expressed in either a wild type strain or a mutant strain lacking the functional hap complex (hapcdelta). when the mutant taa was expressed in the hapcdelta strain, enzyme activity was as low as that of the hapcdelta strain transformed with the au ...200111758937
ornithine decarboxylase knockout in tapesia yallundae abolishes infection plaque formation in vitro but does not reduce virulence toward wheat.a knockout strain of tapesia yallundae lacking the single ornithine decarboxylase (odc) allele has been created by targeted gene replacement. a central region of the odc gene was isolated by polymerase chain reaction with degenerate oligonucleotides and used to probe a lambda genomic library. the gene was sequenced, and the encoded odc protein sequence was shown to be similar to those from other fungi. the functionality of the t. yallundae odc was confirmed by complementation of an aspergillus n ...200111763128
the aspergillus nidulans musn gene encodes a recq helicase that interacts with the pi-3k-related kinase uvsb.in aspergillus nidulans, the uvsb gene encodes a member of the pi-3k-related kinase family of proteins. we have recently shown that uvsb is required for multiple aspects of the dna damage response. since the musn227 mutation is capable of partially suppressing defects caused by uvsb mutations, we sought to understand the mechanism underlying the suppression by cloning the musn gene. here, we report that musn encodes a recq helicase with homology to s. pombe rqh1, s. cerevisiae sgs1, and human bl ...200111779799
2,4-toluene diamines--their carcinogenicity, biodegradation, analytical techniques and an approach towards development of biosensors.2,4-toluene diamine (tda), a class a carcinogen, is a major raw material for the production of toluene diisocyanate (tdi), which is one of the precursors for the production of polyurethane foams (pu). this review deals with 2,4-toluene diamine's (tda) carcinogenicity, analytical techniques, biodegradation and use as a biosensor for biogenic and synthetic amines, emphasizing various carcinogenicity studies by 2,4-tda on animals and humans. this review reports some publications of the analysis of ...200111783783
evaluating low level sequence identities. are aspergillus quta and arom homologous?a review published several years ago [hawkins, a.r. & lamb, h.k. (1995) eur. j. biochem. 232, 7-18] proposed that genetic, biochemical and physiological data can override sequence comparison in the determination of homology in instances where structural information is unavailable. their lead example was the hypothesis that the transcriptional activator protein for quinate catabolism in aspergillus nidulans, quta, is derived from the pentafunctional arom protein by a gene duplication followed by ...200111168377
deletion of the cnxe gene encoding the gephyrin-like protein involved in the final stages of molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in aspergillus nidulans.the aspergillus nidulans cnxe gene, required for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, was isolated by functional complementation of an escherichia coli moga mutant strain. the deduced cnxe polypeptide consists of two domains which display similarity to the e. coli proteins moea and moga, respectively, separated by a putative hinge region of around 58 amino acid residues which is notably histidine rich. a deletion mutant lacking the entire cnxe gene, including both moea-like and moga-like domains, w ...200111713674
effect of macerating enzymes on red wine aroma at laboratory scale: exogenous addition or expression by transgenic wine yeasts.the effects of a trichoderma longibrachiatum endoglucanase and an aspergillus nidulans endoxylanase on the concentration of free and bound volatiles, color, and phenolics during maceration in red wine vinification has been studied. two different approaches have been considered for the utilization of these enzymes: (i) direct addition of the enzymes to must and (ii) inoculation of must with recombinant wine yeasts overexpressing these activities. an experimental design based on a taguchi orthogon ...200111714353
genetic and cytological characterization of a developmental mutant of aspergillus nidulans induced by 5-azacytidine.an analysis of a new medusa mutant of aspergillus nidulans obtained by 5-azacytidine-treatment and named b116 is provided. the b116 mutant was phenotypically characterized by the production of conidiophores with reduced pigmentation and vesicles bearing multiple tiers of sterigmata. a single nuclear gene located on chromosome i is responsible for phenotypical changes in the mutant. the 5-azacytidine-altered locus, designated meda102, is recessive in heterozygous diploid and the medusa mutant is ...200111715212
aspergillus species cystitis in a cat.a persian male cat with a history of lower urinary tract disease was presented because of polydipsia, polyuria, constipation and nasal discharge. ten weeks before admission, the cat had been treated for lower urinary tract disease by catheterisation and flushing of the bladder. the animal was thin, dehydrated, anaemic and azotaemic. urine culture revealed aspergillus species cystitis. antibodies against aspergillus nidulans were identified in serum. fluconazole was administered orally (7.5 mg/kg ...200111716628
characterization of the ethanol-inducible alc gene-expression system in arabidopsis thaliana.controlled expression of transgenes in plants is key to the characterization of gene function and the regulated manipulation of growth and development. the alc gene-expression system, derived from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, has previously been used successfully in both tobacco and potato, and has potential for use in agriculture. its value to fundamental research is largely dependent on its utility in arabidopsis thaliana. we have undertaken a detailed function analysis of the ...200111722766
comparison of spectrophotometric and visual readings of nccls method and evaluation of a colorimetric method based on reduction of a soluble tetrazolium salt, 2,3-bis [2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-[(sulfenylamino) carbonyl]-2h-tetrazolium-hydroxide], for antifungal susceptibility testing of aspergillus species.the susceptibilities of 25 clinical isolates of various aspergillus species (aspergillus fumigatus, a. flavus, a. terreus, a. ustus, and a. nidulans) to itraconazole (itc) and amphotericin b (amb) were determined using the standard proposed by nccls for antifungal susceptibility testing of[filamentous fungi, a modification of this method using spectrophotometric readings, and a colorimetric method using the tetrazolium salt 2,3-bis [2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-[(sulfenylamino) carbonyl]-2h-tetrazolium-h ...200111724829
the structure of the negative transcriptional regulator nmra reveals a structural superfamily which includes the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases.nmra is a negative transcriptional regulator involved in the post-translational modulation of the gata-type transcription factor area, forming part of a system controlling nitrogen metabolite repression in various fungi. x-ray structures of two nmra crystal forms, both to 1.8 a resolution, show nmra consists of two domains, including a rossmann fold. nmra shows an unexpected similarity to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (sdr) family, with the closest relationship to udp-galactose 4-epime ...200111726498
lipid peroxidation as a possible secondary mechanism of sterigmatocystin toxicity.sterigmatocystin (stg), a major secondary metabolite of aspergillus versicolor and a. nidulans, is the precursor of aflatoxin b1. in this study, male albino rats were treated with stg-contaminated diet for 30 days, resulting in reduced levels of glutathione, ascorbic acid, and alpha-tocopherol. the activity of catalase in liver was reduced, whereas an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was observed. the levels of cytochrome p450, cytochrome b5, cytochro ...200111727790
characterization of the gdha gene from the phytopathogen botrytis cinerea.a 3.48-kb dna region containing the gdha gene, which codifies the nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme from botrytis cinerea, has been cloned and characterized. a fragment of 2351 nucleotides was sequenced and found to contain an orf of 1350 bp that encodes a protein of 450 amino acids. the gene, containing two introns that showed polymorphic size between them, was located by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in chromosome x in seven strains, which were isolated from several hosts and ha ...200111728157
aspergillus nidulans alpha-1,3 glucanase (mutanase), muta, is expressed during sexual development and mobilizes mutan.we established a subtractive cdna library of aspergillus nidulans to identify differentially expressed genes during sexual development. one of the clones displayed homology to fungal alpha-1,3 glucanases (mutanase). since alpha-1,3 glucan is considered the main reserve material accumulated during vegetative growth as a cell wall component and consumed during sexual development, we analyzed this gene in detail. the gene, muta, is disrupted by three introns and encodes a putative protein of 48 kda ...200111728159
dna from aspergillus flavus contains 5-methylcytosine.dna from aspergillus sp. has been reported not to contain 5-methylcytosine. however, it has been found that aspergillus nidulans responds to 5-azacytidine, a drug that is a strong inhibitor of dna methyltransferases. therefore, we have re-examined the occurrence of 5-methylcytosine in dna from aspergillus flavus by using a highly sensitive and specific method for detection of modified bases in genomic dna comprising high-performance liquid chromatography separation of nucleosides, labeling of th ...200111728730
septum formation in aspergillus nidulans.filamentous fungi form multicellular hyphae that are partitioned by septa. in a. nidulans, septum formation requires the assembly of a septal band following the completion of mitosis. recent observations show that this band is a dynamic structure composed of actin, a septin and a formin. in addition, assembly is dependent upon a conserved protein kinase cascade that regulates mitotic exit and septation in yeast. hyphal differentiation may reflect the regulation of this cascade by cyclin-dependen ...200111731327
nudc expression during amphibian development.to identify gene products important for gastrulation in the amphibian pleurodeles waltl, a screen for regional differences in new protein expression at the early gastrula stage was performed. a 45 kda protein whose synthesis was specific for progenitor endodermal cells was identified. microsequencing and cdna cloning showed that p45 is highly homologous to rat nudc, a protein suggested to play a role in nuclear migration. although pnudc can be detected in all regions of the embryo, its de novo s ...200111732844
nudc associates with lis1 and the dynein motor at the leading pole of neurons.nudc is a highly conserved protein important for nuclear migration and viability in aspergillus nidulans. mammalian nudc interacts with lis1, a neuronal migration protein important during neocorticogenesis, suggesting a conserved mechanism of nuclear movement in a. nidulans and neuronal migration in the developing mammalian brain (s. m. morris et al., 1998). to further investigate this possibility, we show for the first time that nudc, lis1, and cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain (cdic) coloc ...200111734602
substitution f569s converts uapa, a specific uric acid-xanthine transporter, into a broad specificity transporter for purine-related solutes.uapa, a highly specific uric acid-xanthine transporter in aspergillus nidulans, is a member of a large family of nucleobase-ascorbate transporters conserved in all domains of life. we have investigated structure-function relationships in uapa, by studying chimeric transporters and missense mutations, and showed that specific polar or charged amino acid residues (e412, e414, q449, n450, t457) on either side of an amphipathic alpha-helical transmembrane segment (tms10) are critical for purine bind ...200111697902
yeast pala/aip1/alix homolog rim20p associates with a pest-like region and is required for its proteolytic cleavage.the saccharomyces cerevisiae zinc finger protein rim101p is activated by cleavage of its c-terminal region, which resembles pest regions that confer susceptibility to proteolysis. here we report that rim20p, a member of the broadly conserved pala/aip1/alix family, is required for rim101p cleavage. two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation assays indicate that rim20p binds to rim101p, and a two-hybrid assay shows that the rim101p pest-like region is sufficient for rim20p binding. rim101p-rim20p intera ...200111698381
identification and assignment of the human nima-related protein kinase 7 gene (nek7) to human chromosome 1q31.3.neks (nima-related kinase) are a group of protein kinases sharing high amino acid sequence identity with nima which controls initiation of mitosis in aspergillus nidulans. we have identified and characterized human nek7, a novel human gene structurally related to nima. its open reading frame encodes a 302-amino acid protein and is 77% identical to human nek6 protein. phylogenetic analysis suggests that nek6, nek7, and caenorhabditis elegans f19h6.1 constitute a subfamily within the nima family o ...200111701951
wdchs2p, a class i chitin synthase, together with wdchs3p (class iii) contributes to virulence in wangiella (exophiala) dermatitidis.the chitin synthase structural gene wdchs2 was isolated by screening a subgenomic dna library of wangiella dermatitidis by using a 0.6-kb pcr product of the gene as a probe. the nucleotide sequence revealed a 2,784-bp open reading frame, which encoded 928 amino acids, with a 59-bp intron near its 5' end. derived protein sequences showed highest amino acid identities with those derived from the cichs1 gene of coccidioides immitis and the anchsc gene of aspergillus nidulans. the derived sequence a ...200111705928
apparent genetic redundancy facilitates ecological plasticity for nitrate transport.aspergillus nidulans possesses two high-affinity nitrate transporters, encoded by the nrta and the nrtb genes. mutants expressing either gene grew normally on 1-10 mm nitrate as sole nitrogen source, whereas the double mutant failed to grow on nitrate concentrations up to 200 mm. these genes appear to be regulated coordinately in all growth conditions, growth stages and regulatory genetic backgrounds studied. flux analysis of single gene mutants using 13no3(-) revealed that k(m) values for the n ...200111707396
dimerization and folding of lc8, a highly conserved light chain of cytoplasmic dynein.cytoplasmic dynein is a multisubunit atpase that transforms chemical energy into motion along microtubules. lc8, a 10 kda light chain subunit of the dynein complex, is highly conserved with 94% sequence identity between drosophila and human. the precise function of this protein is unknown, but its ubiquitous expression and conservation suggest a critical role in the function of the dynein motor complex. we have overexpressed lc8 from drosophila melanogaster and characterized its dimerization and ...200111327818
isolation and characterization of a symbiosis-regulated ras from the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria bicolor.ectomycorrhizae formed by the symbiotic interaction between ectomycorrhizal fungi and plant roots play a key role in maintaining and improving the health of a wide range of plants. mycorrhizal initiation, development, and functional maintenance involve morphological changes that are mediated by activation and suppression of several fungal and plant genes. we identified a gene, lbras, in the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria bicolor that belongs to the ras family of genes, which has been shown in o ...200111332726
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