Publications

comparison of hantavirus isolates using a genus-reactive primer pair polymerase chain reaction.	rna of more than 40 hantavirus isolates, originating from rodents and humans of widely separated geographical areas, was copied to cdna using reverse transcriptase and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a genus-reactive oligonucleotide primer pair, flanking a 365 bp region of the g2 glycoprotein gene, was chosen for genus-reactive pcr. dna products were digested with 20 restriction endonucleases and cleavage patterns were analysed. for strains of known sequence, the restriction patter ...	1992	1347558
[consider diagnosis of nephropathia epidemica even in southern sweden!].		1992	1347580
retrospective diagnosis of small epidemic of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.		1992	1348346
preliminary human trial of inactivated golden hamster kidney cell (ghkc) vaccine against haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs).	an inactivated golden hamster kidney cell culture (ghkc) vaccine against haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) has been developed in recent years. a monovalent ghkc vaccine (lot 88-17) was prepared with l99 strain of the rat-type hantavirus, adapted in suckling mouse brain, cultivated in ghkc, and inactivated with 0.025% formalin, and a preliminary trial of the vaccine was carried out in a small number of human volunteers with the approval of the ministry of public health, prc, in order ...	1992	1348595
detection of nephropathia epidemica virus rna in patient samples using a nested primer-based polymerase chain reaction.	a nested primer-based polymerase chain reaction was constructed for the detection of puumala virus rna in patient samples. puumala virus rna was detected in cells from the urinary and the respiratory tracts and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with nephropathia epidemica. after inoculation with nephropathia epidemica patient material on vero e6 cells and propagation for nine passages (4 months), puumala virus rna was detected at every passage. hybridization under high-stringency ...	1992	1349033
[study on natural infection, biting and transovarial transmission of epidemic haemorrhagic fever virus in leptotrombidium (l.) scutellare].	in order to clarify the significance of leptotrombidium (l.) scutellare in transmitting ehf, from oct. to nov. 1988, lungs of rodents captured in endemic areas of ehf in shangxi province were taken for detecting ehf antigen by ifat, twenty-six out of 459 lungs were positive (5.7%). six strains of ehfv were isolated from l. (l.) scutellare collected from the rodents. in oct. 1989, 28 apodemus captured from areas without reported cases of ehf were placed on grassland in endemic areas, free l. (l.) ...	1992	1349851
the hantaviruses, etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: a possible cause of hypertension and chronic renal disease in the united states.		1992	1350911
[detection of hfrs hantaan virus rna sequences by pcr].		1992	1357208
immunity to hantavirus challenge in meriones unguiculatus induced by vaccinia-vectored viral proteins.	vaccinia virus recombinants were constructed that incorporated genomic sequences coding for the nucleoprotein (n) and glycoproteins (g1 and g2) of the hantavirus r22 strain isolated from a rat in china, and designated as rnv and rmv9, respectively. the proteins expressed by rnv and rmv9 were identified by radioimmunoprecipitation and indirect immunofluorescence assay using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal immune sera, and were found to be antigenically indistinguishable from authe ...	1992	1359802
characterization of dobrava virus: a hantavirus from slovenia, yugoslavia.	small mammals were collected in natural foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in slovenia, yugoslavia, and a hantavirus was isolated from the lungs of an apodemus flavicol lis captured in dobrava village. this new isolate, dobrava virus, was compared with representative strains of the hantavirus genus by serological and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) methods. it was found by cross immunofluorescent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assa ...	1992	1360999
[the intensity of the immune response to the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus among different population groups of bashkortostan].	for the first time the natural immune stratum to hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (hfrs) among the population of all regions of bashkiria, a large territory with the highest morbidity level in this infection in the ussr, was studied. 9,176 persons over 15 years of age were examined by radioimmune techniques. analysis of the immune structure of the population revealed that the share of immune males was higher than that of immune females, but the difference was less than the difference be ...	1992	1359720
the prevalence of arboviral, rickettsial, and hantaan-like viral antibody among schoolchildren in the nile river delta of egypt.	a serosurvey was conducted during october and november 1989 to estimate the prevalence of selected arboviral, rickettsial, and hantaan viral antibody among a sample of schoolchildren from 4 villages in the bilbeis area of the nile river delta, egypt. blood specimens were obtained from subjects aged 8 to 14 years. enzyme immunoassay testing of the sera indicated that the prevalence of antibody was 9% (21/223) for sicilian sandfly fever, 4% (8/223) for rift valley fever, 3% (15/437) for west nile ...	1992	1363163
[the disposition of natural foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in different landscape areas of tyumen province].	lungs of 3159 animals of the forest complex from 90 areas of 30 administrative districts of tyumen province were examined by enzyme immunoassays for antigen of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) during 5 years, 1985-1989. the antigen of hers virus was detected in the lungs of mammals of 8 species: clethrionomys glareolus and cl. rutilus, siberian and arctic lemmings (first findings in the world), m. oeconomus, field mouse, common and pygmy shrews. nearly all the findings refer to the s ...	1992	1359712
eradication of hantavirus infection among laboratory rats by application of caesarian section and a foster mother technique.	hantavirus antibodies were demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay, in the serum of inbred strains of laboratory rats, during the period 1973-1982, at the unit of experimental immunology in the catholic university of louvain, brussels, belgium. lou rats, as well as immunocytomas, which were requested by laboratories in the u.k. and the netherlands, were supplied at a time when the infection was unknown and unsuspected in europe. hantavirus-infected laboratory rats were rend ...	1992	1358976
antibodies to puumala virus in humans determined by neutralization test.	an assay for detection of neutralizing antibodies to puumala virus using 96-well microtiter plates (nt-elisa) was developed and evaluated. the test proved to have similar sensitivity and specificity as an igg elisa and indirect immunofluorescence test, when screening 187 sera (with an antibody prevalence rate of 19%) from normal populations in an endemic area of nephropathia epidemica (ne) in sweden. ne-patients monitored for 2 years had neutralizing antibodies in early sera collected 1-4 days a ...	1992	1358908
hantavirus isolation from birds.		1992	1364030
severe hemorrhagic complications from infection with nephropathia epidemica strain of hantavirus.	in the following we describe a case of severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) caused by puumala infection. the diagnosis was made by immunofluorescence technique and by solid phase enzyme immunoassay using recombinant nucleocapsid antigen of a puumala serotype strain. such a clinical course with severe bleeding complications is considered untypical for puumala induced hfrs.	1992	1358493
anti-endothelial cell antibodies in nephropathia epidemica and other viral diseases.	increased capillary permeability is a central feature of the severe forms of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and occurs also, though less frequently, in nephropathia epidemica (ne), one of the milder forms of this syndrome, caused by puumala virus. we therefore searched for antiendothelial cell antibodies (aeca) in patients with ne and in those with other presumed or serologically proven acute viral illnesses. by enzyme immunoassay, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huv ...	1992	1356668
[study on the serological typing of patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever (ehf) and host animals in junan county, shangdong province].	using hemagglutination inhibition test (hi), we confirmed that junan county is an endemic area of both ehf of r. norvegicus and a. agrarius, which indicated that the main host animals were r. norvegicus and a. agrarius in the area. remarkable difference was shown between the infectious rates of pigs from the endemic area and that of pigs from the nonendemic area, which suggested that pigs could play certain roles in the transmission of ehf. we also proved that the main transmission mode of ehf v ...	1992	1356628
hantaan virus infection of human endothelial cells.	the primary pathophysiologic finding of the viral disease known as korean hemorrhagic fever, the etiological agent of which is hantaan virus (htv), is vascular instability. to investigate whether htv was able to infect cells derived from human vascular tissue and alter their behavior, we infected in vitro primary adult human endothelial cells from saphenous veins (hsvec). we were able to detect the presence of viral antigens in infected cells both by immunofluorescence and by western blot (immun ...	1992	1356160
histopathologic changes of the spleen in suckling rats inoculated with hantaan virus.	the purpose of this study is to delineate the histopathologic findings of the spleen after hantaan viral inoculation, which is the largest lymphoid organ in rats, and to identify the viral location by anti-hantaan virus (htnv) monoclonal antibody. all the sixty one suckling rats of less than twenty four hours of age were used. except twenty one rats of control group, twenty-five rats inoculated intracerebrally for the early change and fifteen suckling rats inoculated intramuscularly for the late ...	1992	1355973
[laboratory-confirmed cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome which occurred in breclav 1989-1990].	the authors describe the first three cases with a serologically confirmed hantaviral aetiology in the czech republic. it is the causal agent of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, western type (strain cg 18-20, identical with the puumala prototype). all patients come from a locality where since 1984 very actively a natural focus of hantaviral infection was investigated in small mammals, and where formerly groups of farmers were found with a high herd immunity with hantavirus. the disease was ...	1992	1354571
hantaanvirus among urban rats from a slum area in bangkok.	a total of 106 rodents sera from slum wat phai ton and slum klong toey were examined by immunofluorescent antibody assay during may to august 1990. the positive sera were further tested by plaque reduction neutralization test with the prototype hantaanvirus and the rat-associated hantaan like virus. isolation attempts were also performed from their tissues. antibody-positive rats were found in both slum areas, 32.7% in slum wat phai ton and 5.6% in slum klong toey. rattus norvegicus was the majo ...	1992	1488708
clinical characteristics of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in children.	from january 1988 to september 1989, seven patients (4 girls and 3 boys, aged 3-12 years) with haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) were hospitalised at the university children's hospital in belgrade. in four patients the disease appeared as a family outbreak, the others were sporadic cases. in six patients the clinical presentation was suggestive of hfrs, as they had fever with headache, myalgia, sore throat and gastrointestinal illness followed by renal abnormalities. however, severe ...	1992	1353981
complications of nephropathia epidemica: three cases.	haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in scandinavia is called nephropathia epidemica (ne), and is caused by the puumala-virus, which belongs to the hanta-virus genus. the clinical course of ne is mostly benign, complications are uncommon, and deaths are rarely observed. we report the cases of three patients who developed serious complications in the course of ne caused by the puumala-virus. one patient died within 24 h after admission, another developed progressive neuromuscular dysfunc ...	1992	1353521
cloning and sequencing of puumala virus sotkamo strain s and m rna segments: evidence for strain variation in hantaviruses and expression of the nucleocapsid protein.	the prototype puumala virus (pv) sotkamo strain small (s) and medium (m) rna genome segments were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), cloned and sequenced. the s segment is 1830 nucleotides long with an open reading frame coding for 433 amino acids. the identity to the pv hällnäs strain was 83% at the nucleotide and 96% at the amino acid level. the m segment in the sotkamo strain is 3616 nucleotides long and contains one open reading frame of 1148 amino acids with 83% nucleotide an ...	1992	1353107
comparison of the deduced gene products of the l, m and s genome segments of hantaviruses.	the amino acid sequences deduced from all currently available nucleotide sequences of hantaviruses are compared. comparisons of three large (l), eight medium (m) and five small (s) genome segments are included. a consensus sequence is provided, allowing easy identification of conserved and unique gene regions. the viruses included in this report represent four serologically distinct hantaviruses which are capable of causing severe, moderate, mild or no human disease.	1992	1626424
nucleotide sequence and coding strategy of the uukuniemi virus l rna segment.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the l rna segment of uukuniemi virus has been determined from cloned cdna. the l rna is 6423 nucleotides in length, and is of negative polarity. the viral-complementary rna contains a single large open reading frame of 2104 codons which corresponds to the l protein (m(r) 241039). comparison with the l protein sequences of other members of the bunyaviridae showed homology with the rift valley fever phlebovirus l protein (38% amino acid identity), but no detecta ...	1992	1629699
development and application of protein g antibody assay for the detection of antibody to hantavirus.	a new serodiagnostic method designated protein-g antibody assay (pga) was developed for detection of hantavirus infection in various species of animals. the assay procedure includes reacting the sera with hantavirus-infected cells on glass slides, followed by incubation of biotinylated protein g and amplification with the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex. specific antibody in rabbit, rat, mouse and mongolian gerbil serum was detected by this method. the pga titres were similar to those of ...	1992	1634601
belgrade virus: a new hantavirus causing severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in yugoslavia.	two biologically and genetically distinct hantaviruses were isolated from blood and urine specimens collected from four yugoslavian patients with clinically severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). viral isolates from three patients, designated strains belgrade 1-3, were distinct from hantaan, seoul, puumala, and prospect hill viruses as determined by plaque-reduction neutralization tests and restriction analysis of enzymatically amplified m-segment fragments. the fourth isolate, cal ...	1992	1351508
seroprevalence of antibodies to hantaviruses and leptospires in selected italian population groups.	a study of hantaviral and leptospiral antibodies in selected population groups was performed. among high risk subjects in the rome area, hantaan antibody was found in mammalogists (10%) and dialysis patients (6%), while none of the trappers, oarsmen, river policemen and firemen studied tested positive for antibodies to hantaviruses. in occupationally-exposed subjects (farmers, rangers, lumbermen, hunters) from rural and densely forested areas of northern italian regions, the prevalence of hantaa ...	1992	1349288
[a study on transmission of epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus through skin wounds among rodents in natural conditions].	224 rodents captured from endemic areas of epidemic hemorrhagic fever (ehf) in hubei province were examined for the presence of skin wounds and ehf viral antigens and antibodies by immunofluorescent assay (ifa) technique. it was found that 30.8% (69/224) of the captured rodents had skin wounds and that 24.6% (17/69) and 29.0% (20/69) of the wounded rodents were positive respectively to ehf viral antigens and antibodies, as compared with the corresponding rates of 9.0% (14/155) and 8.4% (13/155) ...	1992	1356718
[a study on virus localization and microcirculation in the liver in patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever].	the findings in our clinical study was consistent with those reported by others that a temporary elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase activity is associated with epidemic hemorrhagic fever (ehf). however, the pathogenesis of the concomitant changes in liver function tests is still not clear. to clarify whether ehf virus is cytopathic or not for the liver, percutaneous liver biopsy was done in 19 patients with ehf within 3-12 days after the onset of symptoms. these liver biopsy specimens w ...	1992	1356713
a study of nephropathia epidemica among military personnel in sweden.	the incidence of nephropathia epidemica (ne), caused by puumala virus, among military troops operating in an endemic area of sweden was investigated. a total of 705 soldiers (age 18-25) involved in field training in three different endemic counties were bled twice within a 6-month interval. three individuals seroconverted when tested for puumala virus antibodies by igg elisa. symptoms typical of ne were not recorded in any of the patients. however, mild febrile episodes were recorded in 2 of the ...	1992	1355610
[seroprevalence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in foresters of ile-de-france].		1992	1361675
antibody-dependent enhancement of hantavirus infection in macrophage cell lines.	antibody-dependent enhancement (ade) of hantavirus infections (strains hantaan 76-118 and sr-11) was studied using macrophage-like cell lines (j774.1, p388d1, and u937). significantly higher virus titers (1,000 to 4,000 ffu/ml) were obtained by pretreatment of the virus with immune serum as compared to normal serum (less than 20 ffu/ml). monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to strain hantaan 76-118 were employed to determine the antigenic determinants responsible for the ade activity. ade of the infecti ...	1992	1370367
[hantavirus infection with acute kidney failure].	hantavirus infection was confirmed by history, symptoms and biochemical changes, as well as immunofluorescence test in 29 patients (24 men, 5 women; mean age 36.9 +/- 11.5 years) with nontraumatic renal failure (anf), retrospectively in 15 patients. cardinal symptoms were acute onset (n = 29), fever (n = 27), pain in the flanks, abdomen or head (n = 27), reduced glomerular filtration rate (n = 29), proteinuria (n = 25) and thrombocytopenia (n = 16). normal renal function was restored in all pati ...	1992	1356086
[study of the cultured human endothelial cells infected by epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus].	virus antigen could be detected in the cytoplasm of infected human endothelial cells (hec) by immunofluorescent assay (ifa) 2 to 10 days after the inoculation of epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus (ehfv), but no apparent histologic changes could be found by phase contrast light microscopy, as well as no mature virus particles could be detected under the transmission electron microscope. reinoculation of the freeze-melt supernatant of hec 8 days after the inoculation of ehfv to ehfv susceptible ver ...	1992	1477943
[antibodies against hantaviruses in game and domestic oxen in the czech republic].	using the test of indirect immunofluorescence, the authors examined sera of animals for antibodies against the strain cg 18-20 of hantavirus (identical with strain puumala) and against the hantaan strain. as a control and supplement of the examination the authors used cells containing the tbe virus, strain hypr. in a group of 260 hares (lepus europaeus) in 3.5% antibodies were present against hantavirus cg 18-20. of 41 deer (capreolus capreolus) they were present in 14.1%. of 11 fallow-deers non ...	1992	1534516
haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, virological and epidemiological aspects.	haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is characterized by fever, headache, abdominal pain, renal dysfunction and various haemorrhagic manifestations. the viruses causing hfrs all belong to the hantavirus genus in the bunyaviridae family. at least three of the different hantaviruses are associated with human disease: hantaan, seoul, and puumala viruses. hfrs is endemic in a belt from norway in the west, through sweden, finland, the soviet union, china, korea to japan in the east. the clin ...	1992	1349231
[leptotrombidium scutellare in transmission of epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus].	to further elucidate the role of leptotrombidium scutellare in transmission of epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus (ehfv), a series of studies were carried out from 1988 to 1990. ehfv was isolated from both larvae of free mites collected from the grassland of endemic areas and larvae of filial mites hatched in the laboratory. the suckling mice bitten by these larvae were infected by ehfv. because only the larvae of chigger mite can bite vertebrate hosts and only take a full meal in its entire life ...	1992	1363219
pulmonary involvement in nephropathia epidemica as demonstrated by computed tomography.	in a prospective study 19 adult patients with nephropathia epidemica were examined in the acute phase of disease with computed tomography (ct) of the lungs and conventional chest radiography. infiltrates and/or pleural effusions were seen in ten of 19 patients. in two of the patients, abnormalities were disclosed only by ct. patients with pathologic radiography findings had a more pronounced inflammatory response, as measured by c-reactive protein and leukocyte count, than did those with normal ...	1992	1358824
[effect of moxibustion on the immune and anti-virus functions of the rat infected with epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus].		1992	1364108
grouping of hantaviruses by small (s) genome segment polymerase chain reaction and amplification of viral rna from wild-caught rats.	a single pair of consensus primers in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplified a conserved region of the small genome segment of twenty hantavirus isolates. isolates tested included representatives of the four recognized hantaviruses, hantaan, seoul, puumala and prospect hill, as well as isolates from mus musculus (leakey), bandicota indica (thailand 749), and suncus murinus (thottapalayam). viruses from the nairovirus and phlebovirus genera yielded negative results. the amplification produ ...	1992	1354416
the hantaan virus m-segment glycoproteins g1 and g2 can be expressed independently.	the two glycoproteins of hantaan virus (htv), g1 and g2, are encoded as a continuous single open reading frame in the m segment of the virion rna. they are believed to be synthesized contemporaneously via a polypeptide precursor which is then processed to yield two glycoproteins, both of which appear in the golgi complex of the cell. to study the properties of g1 and g2 as separate entities, we have constructed vaccinia virus recombinants which contain the sequences for each glycoprotein individ ...	1992	1548747
serum antibodies to structural proteins of hantavirus arise at different times after infection.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the quantification of serum antibodies against group-specific epitopes of the glycoproteins (g1, g2) and nucleoprotein (np) of the genus hantavirus. this assay was used to study the kinetics of the development of serum antibodies after natural infection with puumala-like virus in humans. to this end a panel of 34 serum samples collected from individuals at different times after natural infection was tested by the elisa. the samples w ...	1992	1357082
[epidemic nephritis followed by hypogonadism].		1992	1366051
[comparison study on distribution of two types of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs)].	ifat-positive serum samples were typed by hi and divided into appodemus-type (type a) and rattus-type (type r). the results showed that in pingdu and jimo counties, the patients were mainly of type a, whereas in junan and in tengzhou counties, the patients were mainly of type r. the age distribution showed that 96.0% of the type a patients belonged to age groups between 15-54 years, and no patients were younger than 15 years, or older than 65 years. the age distribution in type r patients, howev ...	1992	1363749
bank vole monoclonal antibodies against puumala virus envelope glycoproteins: identification of epitopes involved in neutralization.	bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the two envelope glycoproteins (g 1 and g 2) of the puumala (puu) virus were generated and characterized. analyses of the mabs' antigen and epitope specificities showed non-overlapping reactivities of one anti-g 1 and two anti-g 2 mabs. a significant neutralizing activity was shown by the anti-g 1 and one of the anti-g 2 mabs, suggesting the existence of at least one neutralizing domain on each of the two glycoproteins. the ...	1992	1381914
[prevalence of hantavirus infection in small mammals in the south moravian region].	in 1987 to 1990 in the south moravian region 1094 lungs of small terrestrial mammals were examined for hantavirus antigen and sera of 525 rodents and 93 hares for antibodies against these viruses. in the majority the materials were not from the same individual. lungs were examined by the elisa method, antibodies were assessed by the indirect immunofluorescence reaction. an antigen resembling the western subtype (puumala) was found in 65 animals (5.9%) of two rodent species (microtus arvalis--63 ...	1992	1387051
coexpression of the membrane glycoproteins g1 and g2 of hantaan virus is required for targeting to the golgi complex.	to study the intracellular transport and targeting to the golgi complex of the membrane glycoproteins g1 and g2 of hantaan virus, we have expressed them together and separately using recombinant vaccinia viruses. when expressed from the same recombinant vaccinia virus, g1 and g2 were localized to the golgi complex as analyzed by both immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation. however, when the glycoproteins were expressed from separate recombinant viruses, both proteins remained in the en ...	1992	1727611
protective role of antigenic sites on the envelope protein of hantaan virus defined by monoclonal antibodies.	to investigate the role of hantaan virus envelope glycoprotein in infection, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was examined in vitro with several serological tests and in vivo by passive transfer experiments in mice. an antigenic site, specific for the inhibition of infected cell focus was detected with the focus inhibition neutralization test (fint), in addition to the neutralization related antigenic sites, which were revealed by the ordinary focus reduction neutralization test (frnt). s ...	1992	1381911
maturation of hantaan virus glycoproteins g1 and g2.	hantaan virus-infected vero e6 cell lysates were used for immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibodies against glycoprotein g1 (mabg1) or g2 (mabg2). when cell lysates were prepared with buffer containing nonionic detergent, both g1 and g2 glycoproteins were precipitated with either mabg1 or mabg2. in contrast, when cell lysates were prepared with a buffer containing ionic detergents mabg1 precipitated only glycoprotein g1 and mabg2 precipitated only glycoprotein g2. heterodimers and possibly ...	1992	1604818
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in yugoslavia: epidemiologic and epizootiologic features of a nationwide outbreak in 1989.	a nationwide epidemic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) occurred in yugoslavia in 1989. sera from 609 hospitalized patients, from all six republics (bosnia and hercegovina, croatia, macedonia, montenegro serbia, slovenia) and two provinces (kosovo and vojvodina), who had signs and symptoms suggestive of hfrs, and sera and lung tissues from 544 small mammals belonging to 13 species were studied for evidence of hantavirus infection. of the 226 patients with serologically confirmed hf ...	1992	1363468
anti-hantavirus antibodies in human sera in czechoslovakia.	by indirect immunofluorescence using antigens of hantavirus hantaan and cg 18-20 on vero e6 cells were examined 5,827 samples of sera from 5,299 probands of czechoslovakia. in 49 persons (0.94%) were found antibodies of titres 1:32 and higher. two groups of elderly farm workers showed a cluster of positive individuals amounting to 9.9% and 29.4% respectively. the ratio of positivities in some other, randomly and specifically selected groups was deep below 1%. the partial results for the group of ...	1992	1352317
[severe form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. an autochtonous case observed in parisian suburbs].		1991	1673238
[cohort study of seroepidemiology on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome].	a cohort study of seroepidemiology on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) was carried out in two villages, jiande county, zhejiang province. 1325 persons who had not had antibodies to hfrs in 1987 were interviewed and re-examined in 1988. seroconversion to hfrs antibodies was found in 30 persons (2.26%). among them, were two clinical cases with an incidence rate of 0.151% and the rate of inapparent infection was 2.12%. ratio of apparent to inapparent infection was 1:14. no infection was ...	1991	1687775
[acute nephritis caused by hantaan virus infection].		1991	1679521
[the distribution of epidemic hemorrhagic fever (ehf) viral antigen in tissues from ehf autopsies].	tissues from twelve cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever (ehf) autopsies between 1962 and 1986 were examined for the distribution of ehf viral antigen by double bridge peroxidase antiperoxidase (pap) method and avidin biotin conjugate peroxidase technique. ehf viral antigen was found frequently in the brain, kidney, heart, lung, liver, spleen, adrenal gland and pancreas. viral antigen was also detected in the cerebellum, spinal cord, pituitary gland, stomach, trachea, lymph nodes and tonsils in s ...	1991	1680572
localization and changes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus in lymphocyte subpopulation.	double-labeled immunocytochemistry was used for studying the localization and distribution of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (hfrsv) antigen in the peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in hfrs patients and the quantitative changes of these subpopulations. it was found that hfrsv might infect different subpopulations of lymphocytes. the infection rate of b cells (31.3%) was significantly higher than that of t cells (8.5%), and the infection rate of cd8+ subpopulation (10.5%) wa ...	1991	1680612
pathological studies on central nervous tissues of rats infected with rattus serotype hantavirus (sr-11 strain).	newborn rats inoculated intraperitoneally with a hantavirus strain (sr-11) developed neurological signs such as ataxia and limb paralysis. the main histological lesions were scattered and multiple neuronal degeneration and necrosis with eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (cib) in the brain, spinal cord and ganglia. immunohistochemically, the viral antigen was detected in neurons, capillary endothelial and glial cells throughout the nervous tissue and cib were identified as consisting of h ...	1991	1686344
[hantavirus nephritis: endemic in the reutlingen area].		1991	1685046
stimulation of adherent cells by addition of purified proteins of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus to trout kidney cell cultures.	purified proteins of the virus causing viral hemorrhagic septicemia in the trout were added to cultures on semisolid medium of leukocytes obtained from either healthy or immunized rainbow trout. adherent cells were specifically stimulated by the glycoprotein of the viral spikes and, to a lesser extent, by the nucleoproteins. in contrast, a specific memory response was associated more with the nucleoproteins than with the glycoprotein when leukocytes from trout immunized with the virus were emplo ...	1991	1905934
bunyaviridae--natural history.	obviously, the family bunyaviridae is comprised of a large number of epidemiologically diverse viruses. they vary dramatically in their vector and vertebrate host relationships, geographic distributions, and epidemic potential in humans and animals. public health practitioners, veterinarians, virologists, entomologists, biologists, ecologists, molecular biologists, and other scientists will all benefit from increased study and knowledge of this fascinating group of viruses.	1991	1935229
distribution of hantavirus serotypes hantaan and seoul causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and identification by hemagglutination inhibition assay.	an epidemiologic evaluation of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome from different locations in the people's republic of china was conducted to define the prevalence of two hantavirus serotypes, seoul (seo) and hantaan (htn). serum specimens were collected between 5 and 14 days after the onset of illness and were tested for antibodies by both hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and plaque reduction neutralization (prn). by the hi test, the geometric mean titer (gmt) of antibodies to ...	1991	1685497
renal lesions in rats infected with rattus serotype hantavirus (sr-11 strain).	hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) virus, strain sr-11 (sr) was inoculated intraperitoneally into specific-pathogen-free (spf) newborn rats, from which the kidney lesions were examined pathologically. the infected rats revealed proteinuria on and after 16 days postinoculation (pi). histologically, the epithelial cells of the renal tubules showed mild vacuolar and granular degeneration with cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (cib) on and after 16 days pi. ultrastructurally, a decrease in numb ...	1991	1686343
antigenic variation of european haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus strains characterized using bank vole monoclonal antibodies.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against puumala (puu) virus, the aetiological agent of nephropathia epidemica, were produced by fusing activated spleen cells from a bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) with the mouse myeloma cell line sp2/0. this novel approach, utilizing the natural vector of puu virus for hybridoma production, proved to be highly efficient, and eight stable puu virus-specific heterohybridomas were isolated and characterized. the bank vole mabs were all specific for the nucleocapsi ...	1991	1716651
antigenic variance.		1991	1718665
[acute kidney failure and transient myopia. association suggestive of "hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome"].		1991	1828573
experimental labyrinthitis in guinea pigs caused by a hantavirus.	hantavirus-induced acute viral infection of the inner ear of guinea pigs is reported. guinea pigs were inoculated directly into the inner ear through the round window, or intraperitoneally with hantavirus (b-1 strain), and the cochlea was examined using an immunohistochemical technique for the localization of viral antigens. virus-specific antigens were detected prominently in the stria vascularis and to a lesser degree in other inner ear structures of the infected guinea pigs. the morphological ...	1991	1901140
identification of hantavirus serotypes by testing of post-infection sera in immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	serum samples were collected from 27 individuals who had been infected with a member of the genus hantavirus in the netherlands or belgium during the last 15 years. these samples were tested in an immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) systems, using different virus strains that represented each of the four recently proposed serotypes of this genus. the serum samples from 11 individuals who had been infected through contacts with laboratory rats showed t ...	1991	1901907
primary structure of the large (l) rna segment of nephropathia epidemica virus strain hällnäs b1 coding for the viral rna polymerase.	the l rna segment of the nephropathia epidemica virus (nev) strain hällnäs b1 was characterized by molecular cloning of the corresponding cdna and subsequent determination of the dna nucleotide sequence. the l rna segment is 6550 nucleotides long with complementarity of 20 bases at the 3' and 5' termini. the viral messenger sense rna contains one major open reading frame (orf) with a coding capacity of 2156 amino acid residues encoding a protein with a calculated molecular weight of 246 kda and ...	1991	2053288
effects of hantaan virus on human endothelial cells and their significance in pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	the effects of hantaan virus (htnv) on human endothelial cells (hecs) were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. the 76-118 strain or sr-11 strain of htnv were inoculated into hecs monolayers respectively, and the virus antigens could be detected on the seventh day of the first passage after inoculation by immunofluorescent technique. the htnv could also be isolated through cultures of vero e-6 cells. htnv particles and inclusion bodies together with various changes in the organelles were obse ...	1991	1686857
identification and characterization of a hantavirus strain of unknown origin by nucleotide sequence analysis of the cdna derived from the viral s rna segment.	the genetic characterization of a serologically hantaan-like virus but of unknown origin (termed dx) was carried out by molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the corresponding cdna of the viral s rna segment. the s rna was found to be 1765 nucleotides long with 3' and 5' termini being complementary for 24 bases. the virus messenger-sense rna contains one major open reading frame (orf) encoding 428 amino acids or a 50 kd polypeptide. a comparison of the dx s rna segment to those of sappo ...	1991	1905433
[a dynamic change of serotypes of hfrs patients in mixed epidemic area].	in this paper, we have used hi assay in an observation of the dynamic changes of serotype of ehf patients in a mixed on demic area in shaoxing, zhejiang province. the results showed that serotypes of ehf patients were strongly correlated with different endemic areas and had obvious seasonal fluctuation in the incidence of the disease. this further demonstrates that the difference between the two serotypes (apodemus type and rattus type) in different geographic areas.	1991	1677831
hantaviruses in small wild living mammals in czechoslovakia. results of a 1983-1989 study.	during a 7- year period were hunted small wild living mammals and examined by elisa and ria techniques for the presence of hantavirus antigen and/or antibodies by mfa. in total 3,050 animals of 16 species caught in 9 out of 10 regions of czechoslovakia, were examined. the proportion of positive animals was 4.4%. to the positive ones with the serotype 2 (western type) belonged the following: m. arvalis, c. glareolus, p. subterraneus, a. sylvaticus, a. flavicollis. to the eastern serotype: a. agra ...	1991	1960391
molecular characterization and expression of glycoprotein gene of hantavirus r22 strain isolated from rattus norvegicus in china.	a cdna containing the complete open reading frame of the m genome segment of hantavirus r22 strain isolated from rattus norvegicus in china, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and then cloned. the m segment is 3656 nucleotides in length with a predicted region of 3402 bases encoding a precursor glycoprotein of 1134 amino acids subsequently processed into viral glycoproteins 1 and 2 (g1 and g2). a strain comparison between r22 and sr11 (isolated from a rat in japan), and hantaan 76 ...	1991	1962503
detection of hantavirus rna in tissues of experimentally infected mice using reverse transcriptase-directed polymerase chain reaction.	detection of hantaviruses, the etiological agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), by virus isolation using experimental animals or cell culture is time-consuming. a more rapid but equally specific method is needed. we used a reverse transcriptase-directed polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect hantavirus genomic sequences and compared its sensitivity with conventional virus isolation. rna, extracted by the guanidinium isothiocyanate-cesium chloride method from hantavirus-i ...	1991	1713266
antigenicity of hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins expressed in e. coli.	dna clones representing the small genomic segment of nephropathia epidemica virus strain hällnäs b1 (nev) and hantaan virus strain 76-118 (htv) encoding their nucleocapsid proteins were inserted into the e. coli vector pin-iii-ompa for secretion of proteins into the periplasmic space. the complete htv and nev nucleocapsid proteins and two truncated versions of the nev nucleocapsid proteins were expressed as fusion proteins. unexpectedly, all products accumulated as insoluble aggregates. most of ...	1991	1714110
monoclonal antibodies to three strains of hantaviruses: hantaan, r22, and puumala.	thirty hybrid cell lines that produce monoclonal antibodies to three strains of hantaviruses have been generated and characterized. one clone specific to hantaan 76-118 strain, four clones specific to rattus strains and one clone specific to puumala virus have been identified. most of the monoclones produced antibodies specific to nucleoproteins. only two monoclones were found to produce glycoprotein specific, neutralizing antibodies. the immunofluorescent (ifa) staining patterns of the monoclon ...	1991	1907448
mechanisms of disease in hantavirus infection: pathophysiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is an acute viral disease that occurs over wide areas of europe and asia. hantaviruses are the cause of this syndrome. the hallmark of hfrs is the triad of fever, hemorrhage, and renal failure. in its severe form it is associated with significant mortality. the syndrome evolves through five phases: febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic, and convalescent. the central physiologic derangement in hfrs is vascular dysfunction, manifested by impaired vas ...	1991	1673261
bunyaviridae: pathogenesis.		1991	1935228
[experimental studies on the transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus by gamasidea mites and fleas].	hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) virus was isolated from 3 species of gamasidea mites (haemolaelaps glasgowi, laelaps jettmari, eulaelaps shanghaiensis), and 2 species of fleas (monopsyllus anisus, leptopsylla segnis) collected from nests of hfrs virus-infected apodemus agrarius, whereas hfrs virus was not recovered from gamasidea mites and fleas collected from nests of uninfected apodemus agrarius. it was thus confirmed that hfrs is a disease of animal origin with natural foci of in ...	1991	1684135
molecular characterization of the prospect hill virus m rna segment: a comparison with the m rna segments of other hantaviruses.	complementary dna representing the genomic m rna segment of the prospect hill (ph) hantavirus was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. the ph virus m rna segment is 3707 nucleotides in length and has a long open reading frame in the viral complementary-sense rna with a coding capacity of 1142 amino acids. the predicted gene product of the ph virus m segment was compared with the corresponding gene products of hantaan virus strain 76-118 (hantaan), sapporo rat virus strain sr-11 (sr) an ...	1991	1840609
nucleotide sequence and coding capacity of the large (l) genomic rna segment of seoul 80-39 virus, a member of the hantavirus genus.	the nucleotide sequence of the large (l) genomic rna segment of seoul 80-39 virus was determined from overlapping cdna clones. the virion l rna segment is 6530 nucleotides long. the 3' and 5' terminal sequences are inversely complementary for 15 bases. the viral complementary-sense rna contains a single open reading frame from an aug codon at nucleotide position 37-39 to a uaa stop codon at nucleotide position 6490-6492. this orf could encode a polypeptide of 2151 amino acids (246,662 kda) which ...	1991	1840713
[acute kidney failure caused by hantavirus infection].	a 37-year-old man suddenly fell ill with high fever (up to 39.6 degrees c), headache and lumbar pain. there was marked thrombocytopenia (minimal level of 48,000/microliters), moderate anaemia and a slow rise in serum lipase concentration to maximally 1352 u/l. marked sinus bradycardia (to as low as 34 beats/min) occurred in the further course of the disease, as well as upper abdominal pain (endoscopically diagnosed as antral gastritis), subileus and splenomegaly. two haemodialysis treatments wer ...	1991	1684152
[hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in croatia: incidence of infection in human and wild animal reservoirs].	on the territory of lika and gorski kotar a group of 300 forest workers and 260 persons from the general population were screened for hantavirus antibodies (by the indirect immunofluorescence test). in the first group of examenees a mean of 1.6% were found positive, ranging from 0% (gospić) to 3.2% (ogulin). in the second groups a mean of 5.4% were positive, ranging from 4.4 to 8.9% (delnice and slunj, respectively). it is concluded that the hantavirus infection rate in our natural foci of hfrs ...	1991	1688294
etiology and epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.		1991	1685201
mechanisms of disease in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is a dramatic illness characterized by fever, and variable degrees of circulatory failure, hemorrhage, and renal insufficiency. hantaviruses are the cause of this syndrome. in its severe form, it is associated with significant mortality. vascular dysfunction is the key physiologic derangement in this disorder. there is a growing body of evidence that suggests that immune mechanisms account for this derangement.	1991	1685203
[hantaan virus infection in twente].	to find out if hantavirus infection, as a cause of acute renal failure, has been overlooked in the past. to determine if hantavirus can be found in wild rodents, particularly in red bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus), living in the area.	1991	1675769
haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in germany.		1991	1670692
rapid diagnosis of hantavirus disease with an igg-avidity assay.	nephropathia epidemica (ne), due to puumala virus, is endemic in eastern europe and scandinavia. serodiagnosis of ne relies on conventional indirect immunofluorescence to detect igg against puumala virus. however, in conventional serology, most patients with acute ne have raised but stable non-diagnostic antibody titres. for better serodiagnosis of ne, we have developed a test that measures the avidity (functional affinity) of igg antibodies against puumala virus. this new assay was highly speci ...	1991	1682736
[hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the paris region].		1991	1682914
[the mechanisms of the development of tissue hypoxia and the criteria for its assessment in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome].	comparison of the parameters that characterize the activity of the sympathoadrenal system (urine adrenalin and noradrenalin) and the severity of hypoxia (lactic acid in blood and urine, pyruvic acid in blood and urine, lactate/pyruvate) in patients suffering from hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (hfrs) showed them to be significantly and directly correlated. the time-course of changes in the study parameters mirrors the gravity of the pathological process. the authors hold that the symp ...	1991	1687342
comparison of european isolates of viruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome by a neutralization test.	different virus isolates causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) were compared using a neutralization test. patient convalescent sera and antisera prepared in rabbits were used to compare puumala-related hantavirus isolates from finland, sweden, belgium, and the ussr. the majority of european isolates were indistinguishable from each other using both homologous rabbit antisera and patient convalescent sera. the european isolates of hfrs were also compared with prototype hantaan (the ...	1991	1684888
[endemic occurrence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the federal republic of germany].		1991	1683080
prospective, double-blind, concurrent, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenous ribavirin therapy of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.	a prospective, randomized, double-blind, concurrent, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenous ribavirin (loading dose of 33 mg/kg, 16 mg/kg every 6 h for 4 days, and 8 mg/kg every 8 h for 3 days) was conducted in 242 patients with serologically confirmed hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in the people's republic of china. mortality was significantly reduced (sevenfold decrease in risk) among ribavirin-treated patients, when comparisons were adjusted for baseline risk estimator ...	1991	1683355
further uk case of acute hantavirus infection.		1991	1683956
nephropathia epidemica in a patient with renal transplant.		1991	1677319
[hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome--etiology].	hfrs was confirmed serologically in two patients, who were infected in the natural focus near zupanja. using the bigger number of virus antigens in indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, afterwards was proved the agent could be classified into the serotype 3 of hantaviruses, and antigenically is identical with virus ne (strain hällnäs), respectively yugoslav isolate "vranica". serotype differentiation of the agent in patient who were infected in the area of igman, near sarajevo, has not been ...	1991	1366321