Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes from goats seropositive to the sheep nose bot fly (oestrus ovis l., diptera: oestridae) infection. | oestrus ovis (diptera: oestridae) causes an important cosmopolitan parasitosis of the nasal and sinusal cavities of sheep and goats called oestrosis. our objective was to analyze the participation of erythrocytes in the antioxidant system in goats seropositive to o. ovis infection under field conditions. fifty female goats naturally exposed to o. ovis infection from baja california sur, méxico, were blood-sampled. erythrocytic intracellular content was obtained from blood plasma. oestrosis serod ... | 2011 | 21802210 |
| correlation between egg-shedding and uterus development in fasciola hepatica human and animal isolates: applied implications. | the emission of fasciola hepatica eggs in faeces is usually subject to oscillations along time in animals as well as humans. thus, looking for alternative biological markers reflecting eggs shed per gram of faeces (epg) with lower oscillations may be useful. this study analyzes the possible relationship between liver-fluke uterus area and epg. uterus area (ua) development of adult f. hepatica obtained at different days post infection (dpi) in a wistar rat model with isolates obtained from cattle ... | 2011 | 21802206 |
| invited commentary. | 2011 | 21801917 | |
| modification of infarct material properties limits adverse ventricular remodeling. | infarct expansion after myocardial infarction (mi) is an important phenomenon that initiates and sustains adverse left ventricular (lv) remodeling. we tested the hypothesis that infarct modification by material-induced infarct stiffening and thickening limits infarct expansion and lv remodeling. | 2011 | 21801916 |
| tachykinins and the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis: an update. | tachykinins play a critical role in neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction. the best known members of the family are substance p (sp), neurokinin a and neurokinin b. tachykinins mediate their biological actions through three g protein-coupled receptors, named nk1, nk2, and nk3. sp was suggested to play an important role in the ovulatory process in mammals and humans. recent findings suggest a role of tachykinins in the aging of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. a high presence of sp was ... | 2011 | 21801774 |
| the effect of an intracerebroventricular injection of metformin or aicar on the plasma concentrations of melatonin in the ewe: potential involvement of ampk? | abstract: background: it is now widely accepted that amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) is a critical regulator of energy homeostasis. recently, it has been shown to regulate circadian clocks. in seasonal breeding species such as sheep, the circadian clock controls the secretion of an endogenous rhythm of melatonin and, as a consequence, is probably involved in the generation of seasonal rhythms of reproduction. considering this, we identified the presence of the subunits of ampk in different h ... | 2011 | 21801416 |
| [epidemiological investigation of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates originated from healthy sheep in one farm of jiangsu province and their pathogenicity]. | in order to investigate the distribution of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) among healthy sheep in a farm and the pathogenicity to mice and vero cells of these stec isolates. | 2011 | 21800631 |
| heritability not missing—genetic basis of sexual weaponry uncovered. | 2011 | 21800446 | |
| kisspeptin neurons co-express met-enkephalin and galanin in the rostral periventricular region of the female mouse hypothalamus. | it is now well established that the kisspeptin neurons of the hypothalamus play a key role in regulating the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons. the population of kisspeptin neurons residing in the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle (rp3v), encompassing the anteroventral periventricular (avpv) and periventricular preoptic nuclei (pvpo), are implicated in the generation of the preovulatory gnrh surge mechanism and puberty onset in female rodents. the pres ... | 2011 | 21800299 |
| panton-valentine leukocidin and some exotoxins of staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of staphylococci isolated from milks of small ruminants. | the aims of this study were to determine the existence of pvl gene, some toxin genes, and meca gene in staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from sheep milk and to examine antimicrobial resistance profiles in staphylococci from sheep and goats' milk. the milk samples were collected from 13 different small ruminant farms in kirikkale province from february to august 2009. a total of 1,604 half-udder milk samples from 857 ewes and 66 half-udder milk samples from 33 goats were collected. staphyloc ... | 2011 | 21800213 |
| host serum factor triggers germination of clostridium perfringens spores lacking the cortex hydrolysis machinery. | clostridium perfringens type a is the causative agent of a variety of histotoxic and enteric diseases. the ability of c. perfringens spores to germinate in vivo might be due to the presence of nutrient germinants in the host tissue and blood. in the current study, we investigated the ability of spores of c. perfringens wild-type and mutant strains to germinate in blood. results indicate that spores of all three surveyed c. perfringens wild-type isolates germinated better in blood than in brain h ... | 2011 | 21799201 |
| effects of surfactant depletion on regional pulmonary metabolic activity during mechanical ventilation. | inflammation during mechanical ventilation is thought to depend on regional mechanical stress. this can be produced by concentration of stresses and cyclic recruitment in low-aeration dependent lung. positron emission tomography (pet) with (18)f-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)f-fdg) allows for non-invasive assessment of regional metabolic activity, an index of neutrophilic inflammation. we tested the hypothesis that, during mechanical ventilation, surfactant-depleted low-aeration lung regions present i ... | 2011 | 21799132 |
| pulmonary hemodynamics and vascular reactivity in asphyxiated term lambs resuscitated with 21% and 100% oxygen. | an increase in oxygen tension is an important factor in decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance (pvr) at birth. birth asphyxia results in acidosis and increased pvr. we determined the effect of resuscitation with 21% vs. 100% o(2) on pulmonary hemodynamics, pulmonary arterial (pa) reactivity, and oxidant stress in a lamb model of in utero asphyxia. term fetal lambs were acutely asphyxiated by intrauterine umbilical cord occlusion for 10min resulting in acidosis (ph-6.96±0.05 and pco(2)-103±5mmh ... | 2011 | 21799125 |
| analysis of deletion within the reindeer pseudocowpoxvirus genome. | cases of contagious pustular stomatitis have been reported in finnish reindeer for many years. two species of the genus parapoxvirus of the family poxviridae have been identified as the causative agent of the disease; orf virus (orfv) was found during the 1992-1993 epidemic and pseudocowpoxvirus (pcpv) was connected to the 1999-2000 epidemic. the genome of reindeer parapoxvirus from the latter outbreak, isolate f00.120r, was recently sequenced and confirmed as pcpv. the six gene deletion of the ... | 2011 | 21798294 |
| perception and hedonic value of basic tastes in domestic ruminants. | taste is one of the five senses that give ruminants and other animals an awareness of their environment, especially for food selection. the sense of taste, which recognizes sweet, bitter, salty, sour and umami basic tastes, is often considered of paramount importance as it is the last sense in use before foods are swallowed. it thus plays a fundamental biological role in aiding animals to regulate intake of suitable food and reject unsuitable food. however, despite potentially relevant productio ... | 2011 | 21798275 |
| [preparation of a prototype of the anthelmintic nadinate (mct-02) and evaluation of its therapeutic efficacy in sheep moniesiosis and strongyloidiasis]. | 2011 | 21797067 | |
| [methodological study on magnetic affinity immunoassay for detecting chloramphenicol]. | to establish a sensitive immunoassay for detection chloramphenicol using magnetic beads as solid phase. | 2011 | 21796843 |
| essential oil of clove (eugenia caryophyllata) augments the humoral immune response but decreases cell mediated immunity. | the present study was undertaken to explore the effect of the essential oil isolated from the buds of eugenia caryophyllata on some immunological parameters. humoral immunity was assessed by measuring the hemagglutination titre to sheep red blood cells and delayed type hypersensitivity was assessed by measuring foot pad thickness. clove oil administration produced a significant increase in the primary as well as secondary humoral immune response. in addition, it also produced a significant decre ... | 2011 | 21796701 |
| histopathological correlates of magnetic resonance imaging-defined chronic perinatal white matter injury. | objective: although magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is the optimal imaging modality to define cerebral white-matter injury (wmi) in preterm survivors, the histopathological features of mri-defined chronic lesions are poorly defined. we hypothesized that chronic wmi is related to a combination of delayed oligodendrocyte (ol) lineage cell death and arrested maturation of preoligodendrocytes (preols). we determined whether ex vivo mri can distinguish distinct microglial and astroglial responses re ... | 2011 | 21796666 |
| oxysterols direct immune cell migration via ebi2. | epstein-barr virus-induced gene 2 (ebi2, also known as gpr183) is a g-protein-coupled receptor that is required for humoral immune responses; polymorphisms in the receptor have been associated with inflammatory autoimmune diseases. the natural ligand for ebi2 has been unknown. here we describe the identification of 7a,25-dihydroxycholesterol (also called 7a,25-ohc or 5-cholesten-3ß,7a,25-triol) as a potent and selective agonist of ebi2. functional activation of human ebi2 by 7a,25-ohc and closel ... | 2011 | 21796212 |
| the role of the {alpha}-adrenergic system in femoral vascular reactivity in neonatal llamas and sheep: a comparative study between highland and lowland species. | using an integrative approach at the whole animal, isolated vessels and molecular levels, we tested the hypothesis that the llama, a species that undergoes pregnancy under the influence of the chronic hypoxia of high altitude, delivers offspring with an increased a-adrenergic peripheral vascular reactivity compared to neonates from lowland species. we studied the femoral vascular response to acute hypoxia in vivo, the reactivity of femoral vessels ex vivo, and the expression of femoral a(1)-adre ... | 2011 | 21795632 |
| widespread endogenization of densoviruses and parvoviruses in animal and human genomes. | parvoviruses infect humans and a broad range of animals, from mammals to crustaceans and generally are associated with a variety of acute and chronic diseases. however, many others cause persistent infections and are not known to be associated with any disease. viral persistence is likely related to the ability to integrate into the chromosomal dna and to establish a latent infection. however, there is little evidence for genome integration of parvoviral dna except for adeno-associated virus (aa ... | 2011 | 21795360 |
| generation of replication-defective virus-based vaccines that confer full protection in sheep against virulent btv challenge. | the reverse genetics technology for bluetongue virus (btv) has been used in combination with complementing cell lines to recover defective btv-1 mutants. to generate a potential disabled infectious single cycle (disc) vaccine strain, we used a reverse genetics system to rescue defective virus strains with large deletions in an essential btv gene that encodes the vp6 protein (segment s9) of the internal core. four vp6 deficient btv-1 mutants were generated using a complementing cell line which pr ... | 2011 | 21795358 |
| carboxyl-ebselen-based layer-by-layer films as potential antithrombotic and antimicrobial coatings. | a carboxyl-ebselen-based layer-by-layer (lbl) film was fabricated by alternatively assembling carboxyl-ebselen immobilized polyethylenimine (e-pei) and alginate (alg) onto substrates followed by salt annealing and cross-linking. the annealed films exhibiting significantly improved stability are capable of generating nitric oxide (no) from endogeneous s-nitrosothiols (rsnos) in the presence of a reducing agent. the no generation behaviors of different organoselenium species in solution phase are ... | 2011 | 21794909 |
| influences of grassland degradation on forage availability by sheep in the inner mongolian steppes of china. | in china and throughout the world, evaluation of the nutrient values of forages has always lagged behind research regarding the nutrient requirements of animals. in this study, the effective degradability and availability of forages were evaluated on undegraded and degraded grassland using a technique where nylon bags were incubated in sheep rumen. we found that the concentrations of organic matter (om), neutral detergent fiber (ndf), non-fiber carbohydrates (nfc) and carbohydrates (cho) of fora ... | 2011 | 21794011 |
| kisspeptin cells in the ovine arcuate nucleus express prolactin receptor but not melatonin receptor. | melatonin is secreted at night by the pineal gland and governs the reproductive system in seasonal breeders, such as sheep. the mechanism by which melatonin regulates reproduction is not known. the circannual rhythmicity of other factors including prolactin, is also regulated by photoperiod through changes in melatonin secretion. in sheep, plasma prolactin levels are higher in the non-breeding season than the breeding season. kisspeptin, synthesised by neurons in the ovine arcuate nucleus (arc) ... | 2011 | 21793946 |
| effect of pulsatility on the mathematical modeling of rotary blood pumps. | in this study, the effect of time derivatives of flow rate and rotational speed was investigated on the mathematical modeling of a rotary blood pump (rbp). the basic model estimates the pressure head of the pump as a dependent variable using measured flow and speed as predictive variables. performance of the model was evaluated by adding time derivative terms for flow and speed. first, to create a realistic working condition, the levitronix centrimag rbp was implanted in a sheep. all parameters ... | 2011 | 21793862 |
| attempts to immunise sheep against teladorsagia circumcincta using fourth stage larval extracts. | a concanavilina (cona) binding fraction of a detergent soluble membrane extract from teladorsagia circumcincta (formerly ostertagia circumcincta) fourth stage larvae was isolated and two vaccine trials were conducted with this preparation in groups of 7 worm free sheep. all groups were challenged with a total of 5000 t. circumcincta larvae from one week after the final immunisation and protection assessed by comparing the egg and worm counts, and length of developing worms, of the immunised grou ... | 2011 | 21793859 |
| sutureless repair of the facial nerve using biodegradable glass fabric. | to compare a sutureless method of facial nerve repair using a biodegradable glass fabric with the standard method of microsurgical suture. | 2011 | 21792949 |
| examination of a synthetic benzophenone membrane-targeted antibiotic. | the enormous success of antibiotics is seriously threatened by the development of resistance to most of the drugs available on the market. thus, novel antibiotics are needed that are less prone to bacterial resistance and are directed toward novel biological targets. antimicrobial peptides (amps) have attracted considerable attention due to their unique mode of action and broad spectrum activity. however, these agents suffer from liability to proteases and the high cost of manufacturing has impe ... | 2011 | 21792399 |
| immunomodulatory polysaccharide from chlorophytum borivilianum roots. | chlorophytum borivilianum santapau & fernandes (liliaceae) is an ayurvedic rasayana herb with immunostimulating properties. the polysaccharide fraction (cbp) derived from hot water extraction of c. borivilianum (cb), comprising of ~31% inulin-type fructans and ~25% acetylated mannans (of hot water-soluble extract), was evaluated for its effect on natural killer (nk) cell activity (in vitro). human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs), isolated from whole blood on a ficoll-hypaque density g ... | 2011 | 21792363 |
| high hydrostatic pressure treatment improves the quality of in vitro-produced ovine blastocysts. | exposure to sub-lethal hydrostatic pressure (hp) treatment is emerging as an approach to improve the general resistance of gametes and embryos to in vitro conditions. the present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of hp treatment on in vitro-produced ovine blastocysts. experiment 1 was aimed to define optimal treatment parameters: two different hp treatments were applied to blastocysts and embryo survival was evaluated. in experiment 2, hp parameters (40mpa, 70min, 38°c) selected in experime ... | 2011 | 21791182 |
| effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone and its antagonist on the gene expression of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) and gnrh receptor in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland of follicular phase ewes. | there is no information in the literature regarding the effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) on genes encoding gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) and the gnrh receptor (gnrhr) in the hypothalamus or on gnrhr gene expression in the pituitary gland in vivo. thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate, in follicular phase ewes, the effects of prolonged, intermittent infusion of small doses of crh or its antagonist (a-helical crh 9-41; crh-a) into the third cerebral ventricl ... | 2011 | 21791179 |
| effect of oocyte-secreted factors on porcine in vitro maturation, cumulus expansion and developmental competence of parthenotes. | summarythe oocyte is known from recent studies in the mouse, cow, sheep and human to be a central regulator of follicular cell function. however, in the pig, little information is known about the regulation of cumulus expansion by oocyte-secreted factors and oocyte quality. we investigated the possible effects of oocyte-secreted factors during in vitro maturation on cumulus expansion and on porcine oocytes as judged by subsequent embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation. cumulus-oo ... | 2011 | 21791167 |
| predicting trait values and measuring selection in complex life histories: reproductive allocation decisions in soay sheep. | ecology letters (2011) abstract: accurate prediction of life history phenomena and characterisation of selection in free-living animal populations are fundamental goals in evolutionary ecology. in density regulated, structured populations, where individual state influences fate, simple and widely used approaches based on individual lifetime measures of fitness are difficult to justify. we combine recently developed structured population modelling tools with ideas from modern evolutionary game th ... | 2011 | 21790931 |
| resistance of trichostrongylus spp. (nematoda) to benzimidazole in algerian cattle herds grazed with sheep. | drug resistance in cattle strongyles to anthelmintics is rarely described in europe and in the mediterranean areas. the faecal egg counts are usually low in cattle, and detection of resistance may be particularly difficult. we used the method of twice-repeated treatments and used various estimations of efficacies in order to detect cattle strongyle resistance to benzimidazoles. resistance was found in two farms among eight that were studied. trichostrongylus axei was the resistant species in one ... | 2011 | 21789585 |
| inflammatory phase of bone healing initiates the regenerative healing cascade. | bone healing commences with an inflammatory reaction which initiates the regenerative healing process leading in the end to reconstitution of bone. an unbalanced immune reaction during this early bone healing phase is hypothesized to disturb the healing cascade in a way that delays bone healing and jeopardizes the successful healing outcome. the immune cell composition and expression pattern of angiogenic factors were investigated in a sheep bone osteotomy model and compared to a mechanically-in ... | 2011 | 21789579 |
| bayesian estimates of genetic changes for body weight traits of moghani sheep using gibbs sampling. | the objective of the present study was to estimate genetic changes of body weight at different ages in moghani sheep. traits included were birth weight (bw, n?=?4,208), 3-month weight (3mw, n?=?4,175), 6-month weight (6mw, n?=?3,138), 9-month weight (9mw, n?=?2,244), and yearling weight (yw, n?=?1,342). data and pedigree information used in this study were collected at the breeding station of moghani sheep during 1989-2005. the analysis was carried out for five traits, using the mtgsam program. ... | 2011 | 21789547 |
| exosome-producing follicle associated epithelium is not involved in uptake of prpd from the gut of sheep (ovis aries): an ultrastructural study. | in natural or experimental oral scrapie infection of sheep, disease associated prion protein (prp(d)) often first accumulates in peyer's patch (pp) follicles. the route by which infectivity reaches the follicles is unknown, however, intestinal epithelial cells may participate in intestinal antigenic presentation by delivering exosomes as vehicles of luminal antigens. in a previous study using an intestinal loop model, following inoculation of scrapie brain homogenate, inoculum associated prp(d) ... | 2011 | 21789232 |
| monitoring fetal electrocortical activity during labour for predicting worsening acidemia: a prospective study in the ovine fetus near term. | severe fetal acidemia during labour with arterial ph below 7.00 is associated with increased risk of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. electronic fetal heart rate (fhr) monitoring, the mainstay of intrapartum surveillance, has poor specificity for detecting fetal acidemia. we studied brain electrical activity measured with electrocorticogram (ecog) in the near term ovine fetus subjected to repetitive umbilical cord occlusions (uco) inducing fhr decelerations, as might be seen in human labour, to de ... | 2011 | 21789218 |
| effect of shearing on water turnover and thermobiological variables in german blackhead mutton sheep. | current equations for estimating water requirements in sheep do not differentiate between shorn and unshorn sheep. furthermore the effect of shearing on thermoregulative responses in sheep has not been adequately studied under temperate environmental conditions. therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of wool coverage on water turnover in relation to thermoregulation in sheep using the deuterium dilution technique to predict total water intake before and after sheari ... | 2011 | 21788433 |
| sero-epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants (ppr) in pakistan. | a sero survey was conducted during 2005-2006 to estimate the sero prevalence of ppr in the small ruminant population of pakistan. a total of 2798 samples were collected including goats (1979) and sheep (819) from villages in 27 randomly selected districts. these were tested by celisa for pprv and true prevalence estimates were calculated by rogan and gladen estimator. overall, 1273 (45.5%) were found positive; 980 (49.5%) of 1979 samples from goats and 293 (35.8%) of 819 serum samples from sheep ... | 2011 | 21788090 |
| cytokine antibody array analysis in brain and periphery of scrapie-infected tg338 mice. | scrapie is a prion-associated transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (tse) of sheep and goats, and frequently serves as a comparative model for other prion diseases, such as chronic wasting disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. tses are unique neurologic disorders that do not appear to be accompanied by robust systemic immunologic responses. mrna data suggest that cytokines are involved in scrapie progression. in this study, brain tissue, mesenteric lymph nodes, splenic tissue and serum ... | 2011 | 21788075 |
| a genome scan for quantitative trait loci affecting body conformation traits in spanish churra dairy sheep. | a genome scan for chromosomal regions influencing body conformation traits was conducted for a population of spanish churra dairy sheep following a daughter design. a total of 739 ewes from 11 half-sib sire families were included in the study. the ewes were scored for the 5 linear traits used in the breeding scheme of the churra breed to assess body conformation: stature, rear legs-rear view, foot angle, rump width, and general appearance. all the animals, including the 11 sires, were genotyped ... | 2011 | 21787947 |
| effect of solar radiation and flaxseed supplementation on milk production and fatty acid profile of lactating ewes under high ambient temperature. | the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of protection from solar radiation and whole flaxseed supplementation on milk yield and milk fatty acid profile in lactating ewes exposed to high ambient temperature. the experiment was conducted during summer and involved 40 ewes divided into 4 groups. the ewes were either exposed (not offered shade) or protected from solar radiation (offered shade). for each solar radiation treatment, ewes were supplemented with whole flaxseed or not. m ... | 2011 | 21787922 |
| simultaneous detection of cow and buffalo species in milk from china, india, and pakistan using multiplex real-time pcr. | asian countries are major producers of cow and buffalo milk. for quality and authenticity purposes, a multiplex real-time pcr assay was developed to specifically and simultaneously detect dna from these 2 bovine species. targeting the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial dna, common pcr primers amplified a 105-bp fragment, and 2 fluorescent probes specific to either cow or buffalo were designed for their identification. specificity was successfully tested on 6 other species, including sheep and go ... | 2011 | 21787915 |
| effects of periconceptional undernutrition on maternal taurine concentrations in sheep. | taurine has an important role in numerous physiological processes, including many aspects of fetal development such as development of the pancreas and brain, and requirements increase during pregnancy. periconceptional undernutrition has long-term effects on pancreas and brain function of the offspring, but the effects on maternal taurine economy are unknown. we, therefore, studied the effects of different periods of periconceptional undernutrition on maternal plasma and urine taurine concentrat ... | 2011 | 21787460 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in tibetan sheep in tibet, china. | abstract in the present investigation, the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in 455 tibetan sheep in tibet, china, was examined using an indirect hemagglutination test. of these, 26 (5.7%) tibetan sheep were seropositive at the cut-off of 1:64 serum dilution. the seroprevalence ranged from 2.2% to 8.9% among tibetan sheep of <1-yr-old, 1- to 3-yr-old, and >3-yr-old, but the differences among the age groups were not significant (p > 0.05). the prevalence in male tibetan sheep (2.8%) ... | 2011 | 21787216 |
| [genetic characterization of the brucella melitensis isolates from mongolia, russia, and azerbaijan]. | the goal of this work was to provide comparative genetic characterization of the human and animal brucella melitensis isolates from mongolia, russia and azerbaijan using current molecular-genetic typing methods. | 2011 | 21786630 |
| [influence of the unevenness of articular surface on the osteochondral repair]. | to investigate whether the unevenness of articular surface would affect the osteochondral repair. | 2011 | 21786559 |
| feed intake and utilization in sheep fed graded levels of dried moringa (moringa stenopetala) leaf as a supplement to rhodes grass hay. | the effects of feeding graded levels of dried moringa (moringa stenopetala) leaf on intake, body weight gain (bwg), digestibility and nitrogen utilization were studied using male sheep (bw of 13.8?±?0.12 kg). six sheep were randomly allocated to each of the four treatment diets: rhodes grass (chloris gayana) hay offered ad libitum (t1), hay?+?150 g moringa leaf (t2), hay?+?300 g moringa leaf (t3), hay?+?450 g moringa leaf (t4) were offered daily. a 7-day digestibility trial and an 84-day growth ... | 2011 | 21786162 |
| chronic fetal exposure to ureaplasma parvum suppresses innate immune responses in sheep. | the chorioamnionitis associated with preterm delivery is often polymicrobial with ureaplasma being the most common isolate. to evaluate interactions between the different proinflammatory mediators, we hypothesized that ureaplasma exposure would increase fetal responsiveness to lps. fetal sheep were given intra-amniotic (ia) injections of media (control) or ureaplasma parvum serovar 3 either 7 or 70 d before preterm delivery. another group received an ia injection of escherichia coli lps 2 d prio ... | 2011 | 21784974 |
| detection of coxiella burnetii in complex matrices by using multiplex qpcr during a major q fever outbreak in the netherlands. | q fever, caused by coxiella burnetii, is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution. a large rural area in the southeast of the netherlands was heavily affected by q fever between 2007 and 2009. this initiated the development of a robust and internally controlled multiplex qpcr assay for detection of c. burnetii dna in veterinary and environmental matrices on suspected q fever affected farms. the qpcr detects three c. burnetii targets (icd, com1 & is1111), and one bacillus thuringiensis internal c ... | 2011 | 21784920 |
| temporal variation and host association in the campylobacter population in a longitudinal ruminant farm study. | campylobacter jejuni and c. coli was quantified and typed using multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) from fecal samples collected from a mixed cattle and sheep farm during summer. cattle had a significantly higher prevalence than sheep (21.9 % (74/338) and 14.0 % (30/214), respectively) but both reduced over time. there were no differences in the average campylobacter concentrations shed between cattle (600 cfu g(-1)) and sheep (820 cfu g(-1)), although sheep did show a significant temporal reduct ... | 2011 | 21784915 |
| benzimidazole resistance in nematodirus battus. | 2011 | 21784812 | |
| the identification of the cryptosporidium ubiquitum in pre-weaned ovines from aba tibetan and qiang autonomous prefecture in china. | cryptosporidium spp. are prevalent globally and sheep are an important zoonotic reservoir. little data regarding the rates of cryptosporidium infections in ovines in china are available. this study assessed the prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. in pre-weaned ovines from aba tibetan and qiang autonomous prefecture in the sichuan province of china. | 2011 | 21784319 |
| mice expressing human cr1/cd35 have an enhanced humoral immune response to t-dependent antigens but fail to correct the effect of premature human cr2 expression. | we have previously demonstrated that mice expressing human complement receptor type 2 (cr2/cd21) during the cd43(+)/cd25(-) late pro-b cell stage of b cell development have marked changes in their subsequent b cell ontogeny. here, we show that the humoral immune response to the t cell dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells (srbcs) can be moderately enhanced with the addition of human cr1 (driven by the lambda promoter/enhancer transgene) to endogenous mcr1/cr2 expression on the b cell surface ... | 2011 | 21783272 |
| bioactive glass microspheres as osteopromotive inlays in macrotextured surfaces of ti and cocr alloy bone implants: trapezoidal surface grooves without inlay most efficient in resisting torsional forces. | we have tested the efficacy of porous bioactive glass (bg) inlays in enhancement of implant osseointegration. a total of 24 sheep underwent bilateral surgical implantation of three parallel implants on the anteromedial cortical surface of each tibia. the disc-shaped implants made of ti6al4v or cobalt chromium (cocr) alloys had two parallel surface grooves (trapezoidal space with bottom widening) filled with sintered 100% bioactive glass microspheres or a selected mixture of bioactive and biocomp ... | 2011 | 21783158 |
| active contraction of cardiac muscle: in vivo characterization of mechanical activation sequences in the beating heart. | progressive alterations in cardiac wall strains are a classic hallmark of chronic heart failure. accordingly, the objectives of this study are to establish a baseline characterization of cardiac strains throughout the cardiac cycle, to quantify temporal, regional, and transmural variations of active fiber contraction, and to identify pathways of mechanical activation in the healthy beating heart. to this end, we insert two sets of twelve radiopaque beads into the heart muscle of nine sheep; one ... | 2011 | 21783125 |
| staining procedure for the detection of microcracks: application to ewe bone. | microcracks are one of the determinants of the bone strength and their accumulation may contribute to increased fracture risk. they are detected after bulk staining with various dyes, including basic fuschin, calcein and xylenol orange. the duration of staining usually varies across types of bone and species. the ewe is a large animal with a bone remodeling similar to humans, used as an animal model in bone histomorphometry studies. the aim of the present study was to determine the optimal condi ... | 2011 | 21782048 |
| enzymes of the ornithine-glutamate-proline pathway in the sheep abomasal nematode parasites haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia circumcincta. | a fully functional ornithine-glutamate-proline pathway was detected in l3 and adult haemonchus contortus and teladorsagia circumcincta, making the parasites capable of interconversion of these amino acids. ornithine aminotransferase (oat) (e.c. 2.6.1.13) was a reversible pyridoxal-5-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzyme with an optimum ph 8.5. hydroxylamine completely inhibited oat activity in both parasites. for all five enzymes, substrate affinity was similar for each species and life cycle stage, ... | 2011 | 21781965 |
| an outbreak of sheep rabies in shanxi province, china. | summarythis study describes an outbreak of rabies in a flock of 110 sheep in yangqu county, shanxi province, china, in 2010. the flock, housed in a cave being used as a sheepfold, was attacked by a rabid dog, which resulted in 36 deaths over the following 2 days from the crushing and trampling caused by panic, and some 15 further deaths from rabies 2 weeks later. rabies in the sheep was confirmed by the fluorescent antibody test (fat) and rt-pcr. rabies virus was isolated from the index dog brai ... | 2011 | 21781367 |
| role of wild ruminants in the epidemiology of bluetongue virus serotypes 1, 4 and 8 in spain. | abstract: although the importance of wild ruminants as potential reservoirs of bluetongue virus (btv) has been suggested, the role played by these species in the epidemiology of bt in europe is still unclear. we carried out a serologic and virologic survey to assess the role of wild ruminants in the transmission and maintenance of btv in andalusia (southern spain) between 2006 and 2010. a total of 473 out of 1339 (35.3%) wild ruminants analyzed showed antibodies against btv by both elisa and ser ... | 2011 | 21781340 |
| generation, analysis and functional annotation of expressed sequence tags from the ectoparasitic mite psoroptes ovis. | abstract: background: sheep scab is caused by psoroptes ovis and is arguably the most important ectoparasitic disease affecting sheep in the uk. the disease is highly contagious and causes and considerable pruritis and irritation and is therefore a major welfare concern. current methods of treatment are unsustainable and in order to elucidate novel methods of disease control a more comprehensive understanding of the parasite is required. to date, no full genomic dna sequence or large scale trans ... | 2011 | 21781297 |
| diplonine, a neurotoxin isolated from cultures of the fungus stenocarpella maydis (berk.) sacc. that induces diplodiosis. | diplodiosis is a neuromycotoxicosis of cattle and sheep caused by ingestion of maize infected with the ear-rot fungus stenocarpella (= diplodia ) maydis . apart from ataxia, paresis, and paralysis, the toxin is responsible for stillbirths and neonatal losses characterized by the presence of spongiform degeneration in the white matter of the brain in the offspring of dams exposed to infected maize cobs. in the present study a toxin, named diplonine, which induced neurological signs in guinea pigs ... | 2011 | 21780820 |
| molecular characterization, tissue expression, polymorphism and association of porcine lck gene. | lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (lck) is an important reproduction related gene. in this study, the full-length cdna sequence of porcine lck gene was cloned through the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) method. the porcine lck gene encodes a protein of 509 amino acids which shares high homology with the lck of nine species: giant panda (97%), dog (97%), cattle (96%), sheep (95%), rabbit (95%), human (96%), rat (94%), mouse (94%) and horse (94%). this novel porcine gene was assi ... | 2011 | 21779804 |
| the johne's paradigm: from detection to management to treatment. | 2011 | 21778821 | |
| allelic frequency and genotypes of prion protein at codon 136 and 171 in iranian ghezel sheep breeds. | prp genotypes at codons 136 and 171 in one hundred twenty iranian ghezel sheep breeds were studied using allele-specific pcr amplification and compared with the well-known sheep breeds in north america, the united states, and europe. the frequency of v allele and vv genotype at codon 136 of ghezel sheep breed was significantly lower than aa and av. at codon 171, the frequency of allele h was significantly lower than q and r. despite the similarities of prp genotypes at codons 136 and 171 between ... | 2011 | 21778818 |
| epidemiological survey of border disease virus among sheep from northern districts of japan. | the first epidemiological survey of border disease virus (bdv) was undertaken in small ruminants in japan. ovine sera, collected from the northern prefectures of hokkaido, aomori and iwate, were examined for the presence of antibodies against bdv using the neutralization peroxidase-linked antibody test. twenty-nine (17.6%) of one hundred and sixty-five samples were seropositive for bdv. results were specific, excluding cross-reactions with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). only one sample (0.6 ... | 2011 | 21778667 |
| non living genomes: trash or recycle. | reproductive technologies has been often used as a tool in research not strictly connected with developmental biology. here we retrace the experimental routes that have led to the adoption of two reproductive technologies, intra cytoplasmatic sperm injection (icsi) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt) as biological assays to probe the "functionality" of genome of non viable cells. the structural peculiarities of the spermatozoa nucleus have made of it the preferred cell to deal with in this ... | 2011 | 21778214 |
| localised micro-mechanical stiffening in the ageing aorta. | age-related loss of tissue elasticity is a common cause of human morbidity and arteriosclerosis (vascular stiffening) is associated with the development of both fatal strokes and heart failure. however, in the absence of appropriate micro-mechanical testing methodologies, multiple structural remodelling events have been proposed as the cause of arteriosclerosis. therefore, using a model of ageing in female sheep aorta (young: <18 months, old: >8 years) we: (i) quantified age-related macro-mechan ... | 2011 | 21777602 |
| gastrointestinal nematode control practices on lowland sheep farms in ireland with reference to selection for anthelmintic resistance. | abstract: gastrointestinal parasitism is a widely recognised problem in sheep production, particularly for lambs. while anthelmintics have a pivotal role in controlling the effects of parasites, there is a paucity of data on how farmers use anthelmintics. a representative sample of irish lowland farmers were surveyed regarding their parasite control practices and risk factors that may contribute to the development of anthelmintic resistance. questionnaires were distributed to 166 lowland irish s ... | 2011 | 21777491 |
| structure-function analysis of diacylglycerol acyltransferase sequences from 70 organisms. | abstract: background: diacylglycerol acyltransferase families (dgats) catalyze the final and rate-limiting step of triacylglycerol (tag) biosynthesis in eukaryotic organisms. understanding the roles of dgats will help to create transgenic plants with value-added properties and provide clues for therapeutic intervention for obesity and related diseases. the objective of this analysis was to identify conserved sequence motifs and amino acid residues for better understanding of the structure-functi ... | 2011 | 21777418 |
| comparative in vitro efficacy of antimicrobial shampoos: a pilot study. | this study compared the antimicrobial efficacy of shampoos against meticillin-sensitive staphylococcus pseudintermedius (mssp), meticillin-resistant s. pseudintermedius (mrsp), antibiotic-sensitive pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa), multidrug-resistant p. aeruginosa (mdr-pa) and malassezia pachydermatis. three isolates were incubated for 10, 30 and 60 min with each shampoo diluted in phosphate-buffered saline. aliquots were then incubated for 16-18 h on sheep blood agar (bacteria) or for 3 days on sab ... | 2011 | 21777309 |
| effect of some essential oils on in vitro methane emission. | the objectives of this study were to characterise four essential oils (eo) chemically and to evaluate their effect on ruminal fermentation and methane emission in vitro. the investigated eo were isolated from achillea santolina, artemisia judaica, schinus terebinthifolius and mentha microphylla, and supplemented at four levels (0, 25, 50 and 75 microl) to 75 ml of buffered rumen fluid plus 0.5 g of substrate. the main components of the eo were piperitone (49.1%) and camphor (34.5%) in a. judaica ... | 2011 | 21776837 |
| fasciola hepatica infection in echinococcosis suspected cases. | objective: fasciola hepatica, a liver fluke of sheep and cattle, may accidentally infect humans. the main signs and symptoms of the fasciolosis are eosinophilia, abdominal pain and hepatomegaly and may also be attributed to cystic echinococcosis (ce) caused by echinococcus granulosus, which is a prevalent infection in turkey. methods: sera samples of 226 ce suspected cases were tested for anti-f. hepatica antibodies by an excretory secretory elisa (es-elisa) and for anti-e. granulosus antibodies ... | 2011 | 21776591 |
| different contributions of ancient mitochondrial and y-chromosomal lineages in 'karretjie people' of the great karoo in south africa. | the karretjie people of the south african great karoo are itinerants who subsist by sheep shearing. although officially classified 'coloured', they are aware of their khoe and san roots. to investigate the maternal and paternal ancestries of the karretjie people we analyzed their mitochondrial and y-chromosome dna variation. their genetic ancestry was compared with a neighboring group of 'coloured' individuals. we found that the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) haplogroup l0d was present in all the kar ... | 2011 | 21776000 |
| effects of immunizing ewes against bone morphogenetic protein 15 (bmp15) on their responses to exogenous gonadotrophins to induce multiple ovulations. | sheep with a heterozygous inactivating mutation in the bmp15 gene experience an increased ovulation-rate during either a natural oestrous cycle or during a cycle in which exogenous fsh and ecg (gonadotrophins) are given to induce multiple ovulations. the primary aim of the present studies was to determine whether ewes immunised against bmp15 would also show an improved superovulation-rate following exogenous gonadotrophin treatment. a secondary aim was to determine the effects of bmp15 immunisat ... | 2011 | 21775423 |
| failure of resorbable plates and screws in an ovine model of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. | background context: containment plates are often placed anteriorly in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (acdf) to provide stability and prevent migration of the interbody device or autograft. the main advantage of a bioresorbable plate over the typical metallic plate is that it will resorb after fusion has occurred, thus mitigating any long-term instrumentation-related complications. furthermore, the plates are radiolucent, allowing complete visualization of the fusion site and eliminating ... | 2011 | 21775217 |
| novel sequence types (sts) of staphylococcus aureus isolates causing clinical and subclinical mastitis in flocks of sheep in the northeast of brazil. | staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important infectious mastitis causative agents in small ruminants. in order to know the distribution of staph. aureus strains associated with infectious mastitis in flocks of sheep in the northeast of brazil and establish whether these clones are related to the strains distributed internationally, this study analysed the genetic diversity of staph. aureus isolates from cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis in ewes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ... | 2011 | 21774864 |
| effects of somatic cells on the protein profile of hard ovine cheese produced from different breeds. | bulk tank ewe's milks with low (<500,000 ml-1), medium (1,000,000-1,500,000 ml-1) and high (>2,500,000 ml-1) somatic cell counts (scc) from three breeds were used to manufacture hard ewes'-milk cheese. physico-chemical analysis and capillary electrophoresis of fresh cheeses and cheeses that had been ripened for 1, 2, 3 and 6 months were carried out. the results showed that high scc levels in milk affected the moisture content of only freshly made cheeses and the ph, fat content and fat acidity o ... | 2011 | 21774852 |
| cloning and functional analysis of sheep u6 promoters. | gene silencing mediated by small interfering rna has become a powerful biological tool for the regulation of gene expression. in order to develop an effective short hairpin rna (shrna) expression vector, specifically for use in sheep species, we have identified two sheep u6 promoters based on the highly conserved polymerase iii promoter elements. promoter activity was measured by u6 promoter-driven shrna to suppress enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) expression. the knock down assay demon ... | 2011 | 21774625 |
| polymorphism of fecundity genes (fecb, fecx, and fecg) in the indian bonpala sheep. | the present study was designed for screening polymorphism of known fecundity genes in prolific indian bonpala sheep. employing tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system pcr, 11-point mutations of bmp1b, bmp15, and gdf9 genes of 97 bonpala ewes were genotyped. the fecb locus of the bmpr1b gene and two loci (g1 and g4) of gdf9 gene were found to be polymorphic. in fecb locus, three genotypes, namely, wild type (fec++, 0.02), heterozygous (fecb+, 0.23), and mutant (fecbb, 0.75) were det ... | 2011 | 21774623 |
| cases of botulism in cattle and sheep associated with poultry litter. | 2011 | 21774105 | |
| biomechanical, histological and histomorphometric analyses of calcium phosphate cement compared to pmma for vertebral augmentation in a validated animal model. | introduction: calcium phosphate cements (biocements) are alternative materials for use in vertebral augmentation procedures, and are a potential solution to problems associated with polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) cements. the aim of this study is to demonstrate the utility of percutaneously injected biocements compared with pmma in a validated animal model of osteoporosis. materials and methods: fortyseven augmentation procedures were performed on 11 osteoporotic sheep. 9 vertebrae were augmented ... | 2011 | 21773815 |
| increased number of cerebellar granule cells and astrocytes in the internal granule layer in sheep following prenatal intra-amniotic injection of lipopolysaccharide. | chorioamnionitis is an important problem in perinatology today, leading to brain injury and neurological handicaps. however, there are almost no data available regarding chorioamnionitis and a specific damage of the cerebellum. therefore, this study aimed at determining if chorioamnionitis causes cerebellar morphological alterations. chorioamnionitis was induced in sheep by the intra-amniotic injection of lipopolysaccharide (lps) at a gestational age (ga) of 110 days. at a ga of 140 days, we ass ... | 2011 | 21773814 |
| catecholamines mediate multiple fetal adaptations during placental insufficiency that contribute to intrauterine growth restriction: lessons from hyperthermic sheep. | placental insufficiency (pi) prevents adequate delivery of nutrients to the developing fetus and creates a chronic state of hypoxemia and hypoglycemia. in response, the malnourished fetus develops a series of stress hormone-mediated metabolic adaptations to preserve glucose for vital tissues at the expense of somatic growth. catecholamines suppress insulin secretion to promote glucose sparing for insulin-independent tissues (brain, nerves) over insulin-dependent tissues (skeletal muscle, liver, ... | 2011 | 21773031 |
| first report of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep from costa rica. | as the prevalence and severity of anthelmintic resistance continue to rise, nematode infections in sheep correspondingly reduce the profitability of the sheep industry. in costa rica, sheep production systems are increasing in both number and importance. a field trial study was carried out to detect the level of anthelmintic resistance to albendazole and ivermectin in gastrointestinal nematodes (gin) of sheep from seven farms in costa rica. resistance was determined using the fecal egg count red ... | 2011 | 21772962 |
| immunomodulatory and erythropoietic effects of aqueous extract of the fruits of solanum torvum swartz (solanaceae). | the effect of solanum torvum (fam: solanaceae) on delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) response, hemagglutinating antibody (ha) titer, white blood cells (wbc), red blood cells (rbc) and hemoglobin concentration was investigated in sprague-dawley rats to establish immunomodulatory and erythropoietic activity. | 2011 | 21772757 |
| endometrial expression of ifnar-1 and oxytocin receptor (otr) is not improved by prostaglandin analogues when compared to progestagens in ewes. | the objective of this study was to investigate differences on the endometrial immunoexpression of type i ifn receptor subunit 1 (ifnar1) and oxytocin receptor (otr) during the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy in sheep, when oestrus is synchronized with either prostaglandin analogues (group pg) or conventional progestagens (group p). plasma progesterone was measured from day 0 to 21 post-coitus (pc) (day 0 = day of oestrus). immunohistochemistry was performed in samples of uterine horns ... | 2011 | 21771110 |
| identification of the ovine keratin-associated protein kap1-2 gene (krtap1-2). | keratin-associated proteins (kaps) are a major component of wool and other keratin-containing tissues. while four kap1-n proteins have been identified in sheep, only three genes have been described encoding kap1-1, kap1-3 and kap1-4. here, we used a sequence conserved across the known kap1-n genes to search the inaugural ovine genome sequence (v1.0) and identified a new kap1-n sequence on chromosome 11. pcr amplification of this sequence revealed an open reading frame of 474-bp that putatively e ... | 2011 | 21771088 |
| transgenic mouse models and prion strains. | here we review the known strain profiles of various prion diseases of animals and humans, and how transgenic mouse models are being used to elucidate basic molecular mechanisms of prion propagation and strain variation and for assessing the zoonotic potential of various animal prion strains. | 2011 | 21769720 |
| effect of duration of exposure to sewage sludge-treated pastures on liver tissue accumulation of persistent endocrine disrupting compounds (edcs) in sheep. | liver tissue concentrations of selected polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were determined in groups of texel ewes and lambs following exposure to pastures fertilised with either sewage sludge (treated; t) or inorganic fertiliser (control; c). lambs were slaughtered at the age of 6months, in each of 3years, while ewes were slaughtered at 5 to 6years of age having been exposed to the respective pastures for approxim ... | 2011 | 21767868 |
| hybridization experiments indicate incomplete reproductive isolating mechanism between fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica. | summaryexperiments on hybridization between fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica were carried out to clarify whether a reproductive isolating mechanism appears between the two fasciola species. molecular evidence for hybridization was based on the dna sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) region in nuclear ribosomal dna, which differs between the species. the results suggested that there were not pre-mating but post-mating isolating mechanisms between the two species. however, ... | 2011 | 21767436 |
| histopathological studies of "ch1641-like" scrapie sources versus classical scrapie and bse transmitted to ovine transgenic mice (tgovprp4). | the possibility of the agent causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) infecting small ruminants is of serious concern for human health. among scrapie cases, the ch1641 source in particular appears to have certain biochemical properties similar to the bse strain. in france, several natural scrapie cases were identified as "ch1641-like" natural scrapie isolates in sheep and goats. the tg(ovprp4) mouse line expressing the ovine prion protein is a sensitive model for studying and identifying s ... | 2011 | 21765939 |
| evaluation of a pulsed phase-locked loop system for noninvasive tracking of bone deformation under loading with finite element and strain analysis. | ultrasound has been widely used to nondestructively evaluate various materials, including biological tissues. quantitative ultrasound has been used to assess bone quality and fracture risk. a pulsed phase-locked loop (ppll) method has been proven for very sensitive tracking of ultrasound time-of-flight (tof) changes. the objective of this work was to determine if the ppll tof tracking is sensitive to bone deformation changes during loading. the ability to noninvasively detect bone deformations h ... | 2011 | 21765205 |
| severe oxalate nephropathy in zwartbles sheep. | 2011 | 21765146 | |
| real-time detection and identification of chlamydophila species in veterinary specimens using sybr green based pcr assays. | infections caused by members of the chlamydiaceae family have long been underestimated due to the requirement of special laboratory facilities for the detection of this group of intracellular pathogens. furthermore, new studies of this group of intracellular pathogens have revealed that host specificity of different species is not as clear as recently believed. as most members of the genus chlamydophila (cp.) have shown to be transmissible from animals to humans, sensitive and fast detection met ... | 2011 | 21764961 |
| hlyu is a positive regulator of hemolysin expression in vibrio anguillarum. | the two hemolysin gene clusters previously identified in v. anguillarum, the vah1 cluster and the rtxachbde cluster, are responsible for the hemolytic and cytotoxic activities of v. anguillarum in fish. in this study, we used degenerate pcr to identify a positive hemolysin regulatory gene, hlyu, from the unsequenced v. anguillarum genome. the hlyu gene of v. anguillarum encodes a 92-amino acid protein and is highly homologous to other bacterial hlyu proteins. an hlyu mutant was constructed, whic ... | 2011 | 21764937 |
| apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and ruminal constituents in ram lambs fed high-concentrate diets containing soybean hulls. | corn often constitutes the main portion of high-concentrate diets fed to feedlot lambs. however, soybean hulls (sh) may be used to replace corn, and may lower feed costs and reduce the risk of acidosis. the objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of sh inclusion rate in high-concentrate diets on dm intake, apparent digestibility of nutrients, n balance, and some rumen constituents. sixteen ruminally fistulated santa inês ram lambs (44.3 ± 5 kg of bw and 6 months old) were housed ... | 2011 | 21764840 |