Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| soluble complement receptor type 1 (cd35) in bronchoalveolar lavage of inflammatory lung diseases. | complement receptor type 1 (cr1) (cd35; c3b/c4b receptor) is a transmembrane protein of many haematopoietic cells. once cleaved, soluble complement receptor type 1 (scr1) exerts opposite effects as a powerful inhibitor of complement. this study addressed both the question of whether scr1 was found in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) of normals and patients with various inflammatory disease, and its possible origin. in this retrospective study covering specimen and clinical data of 124 patients with ... | 1998 | 9543279 |
| selective pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new 2,4-diamino-5-substituted-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines. | nonclassical antifolates, 2,4-diamino-5-substituted-furo[2, 3-d]pyrimidines 3-12 with bridge region variations of c8-s9, c8-n9, and c8-o9 and 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-phenoxyphenyl, 4-phenoxyphenyl, and 2-biphenyl side chains were synthesized as phenyl ring appended analogues of previously reported 2, 4-diamino-5-(anilinomethyl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines. the phenyl ring appended analogues were designed to specifically interact with phe69 of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from pneumocystis carinii ... | 1998 | 9548816 |
| synthesis and biological activities of tricyclic conformationally restricted tetrahydropyrido annulated furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases. | the synthesis of seven 2,4-diamino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-substituted pyrido[4',3':4,5]furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 1-6 are reported as nonclassical antifolate inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and compound 7 as a classical antifolate inhibitor of tumor cells in culture. the compounds were designed as conformationally restricted analogues of trimetrexate. the synthesis was accomplished from the cyclocondensation of 3-bromo-4-piperidone with 2, 4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine to afford regiospec ... | 1998 | 9554874 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia diagnosed by non-induced sputum stained with a direct fluorescent antibody. | non-induced expectorated sputum (nis) stained with tinctorial stains is not considered useful in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the diagnostic yield of nis was evaluated in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients, when stained with a more sensitive direct fluorescent antibody for pcp-direct fluorescent antibody (pc-dfa). a retrospective analysis was carried out on fifty-five hiv-infected patients with pcp, who had nis submitted for staining with pc-dfa. thirt ... | 1998 | 9558448 |
| surfactant changes during experimental pneumocystosis are related to pneumocystis development. | pneumocystosis-related surfactant changes have been reported in both humans and corticosteroid-treated experimental hosts. as corticosteroids induce an increase in pulmonary surfactant, some findings could be considered as controversial. the aim of this study was to investigate whether the surfactant composition changes during experimental pneumocystosis were related to the pneumocystis development. in this work two corticosteroid-untreated animal models were used: rabbits, which develop spontan ... | 1998 | 9596099 |
| use of adjunctive corticosteroids in severe adult non-hiv pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to examine the use of adjunctive corticosteroids in cases of severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in non-hiv-infected adult patients. | 1998 | 9596297 |
| pulmonary complications of hiv infection: autopsy findings. | to describe the pulmonary complications in patients with hiv infection, and the changes in the incidence of these complications over a 12-year period. | 1998 | 9596298 |
| an unusual aural presentation of pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9598753 | |
| dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia. | to report a case of methemoglobinemia in a patient receiving dapsone for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1998 | 9606476 |
| recognition of pneumocystis carinii antigen on its surface by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. | the aim of this study was to detect the surface antigens in different stages of experimental induced pneumocystis carinii in sprague-dawley rats. immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal (900, 902 and 904) and polyclonal (sp-d) antibodies demonstrated that the p. carinii organisms were mostly in the alveolar lumina. the binding sites of the monoclonal (900, 902 and 904) and polyclonal (sp-d) antibodies developed against p. carinii were examined at the ultrastructural level by using a post-em ... | 1998 | 9610612 |
| [spontaneous pneumothorax associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection]. | spontaneous pneumothorax is a relatively frequent complication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. seven hundred sixty-five hiv-infected inpatients were treated at marques de valdecilla university hospital between 1990 and 1996. spontaneous pneumothorax developed in 9 patients. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in 6 patients (66%), either before or simultaneous to the appearance of pneumothorax. pneumothorax was related to active or old tuberculosis infection in 3 patient ... | 1998 | 9611652 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis and early clinical manifestations of severe perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. northern california pediatric hiv consortium. | some children with perinatal hiv infection develop early progression to severe symptoms (category c) within the first 4 years of life. prophylactic therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) may affect progression by decreasing the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1998 | 9613653 |
| sulfa hypersensitivity in patients with hiv infection: onset, treatment, critical review of the literature. | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is the most effective medication used in both the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with hiv/aids. its use, however, is accompanied by a high incidence of adverse reactions, especially fever, myalgia and rash (sulfa hypersensitivity). in a group of our patients, we have examined the clinical parameters at the time of onset of sulfa hypersensitivity, and the success of a desensitization protocol for this adverse event. we al ... | 1998 | 9617304 |
| kl-6 as a serologic indicator of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. | kl-6, a serum marker for interstitial pneumonitis, was evaluated in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). patient 1 was a 56-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis treated with immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids. patient 2 was a 59-year-old man with a glioblastoma who received anti-cancer drugs and corticosteroids. in both patients, serum kl-6 showed an abnormally high level due to the complication of pcp, and it decreased following successful treatment. these results in ... | 1998 | 9617869 |
| surfactant protein-a reduces binding and phagocytosis of pneumocystis carinii by human alveolar macrophages in vitro. | surfactant protein-a (sp-a) levels are increased in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but the role of sp-a in the pathogenesis of p. carinii pneumonia is not completely understood. this study investigated the effect of sp-a on the in vitro binding and phagocytosis of p. carinii by normal human alveolar macrophages (am). determination of binding and phagocytosis was done with a fluorescence-based assay, utilizing fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labeled p. carinii. binding and phagocytosis of p. c ... | 1998 | 9618388 |
| co-trimoxazole administered for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis does not interfere with saquinavir pharmacokinetics. | 1998 | 9619815 | |
| identification of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis gene sequences in filtered air in hospital environments. | to evaluate the risk of a nosocomial spread of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis (p. carinii hominis), air filter samples from rooms of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) patients, adjacent corridors, and other hospital environments have been investigated for the presence of p. carinii hominis. amplified dna from air filters and sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples from the pcp patients have been genotyped with the p. carinii hominis genes of the mitochondrial large-subunit (mtlsu) rrna and the in ... | 1998 | 9620410 |
| failure of co-trimoxazole in pneumocystis carinii infection and mutations in dihydropteroate synthase gene. | 1998 | 9620722 | |
| transbronchial needle aspiration (tbna) in patients infected with hiv. | transbronchial needle aspiration (tbna) of intrathoracic lymph nodes has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. with the exception of sarcoidosis, the usefulness of tbna has not been widely investigated in other clinical settings. we investigated the utility of tbna with a 19-gauge histology needle in hiv-infected patients with mediastinal and hilar adenopathy at bellevue hospital center. we performed 44 procedures in 41 patients. adequate lymph node samp ... | 1998 | 9620927 |
| alcohol decreases t-lymphocyte migration into lung tissue in response to pneumocystis carinii and depletes t-lymphocyte numbers in the spleens of mice. | previous work from our laboratory has shown that chronic alcohol consumption in mice creates immunosuppression sufficient to permit infection with the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii. host defense against p. carinii is critically dependent upon host t lymphocytes. in these experiments, we address the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on recruitment of t lymphocytes into infected lung tissue and on lymphocytes in host lymphoid tissue. we find that mice administered alcohol in drin ... | 1998 | 9622447 |
| possible recurrence of desquamative interstitial pneumonitis in a single lung transplant recipient. | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis) is a disorder with a very poor prognosis for patients who do not respond to therapy with corticosteroids alone or in combination with immunosuppressive drugs, e.g. cyclophosphamide or azathioprine. for patients with end-stage disease, lung transplantation remains the only possibility for long-term survival. we describe a patient who received a left single lung transplant for end-stage desquamative interstitial pneumonitis. one year ... | 1998 | 9623705 |
| treatment of infection due to pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9624465 | |
| phase i safety and pharmacokinetics study of micronized atovaquone in human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants and children. pediatric aids clinical trials group. | a phase i dose-escalating safety and pharmacokinetic study evaluated an oral suspension of micronized atovaquone (m-atovaquone) in infants and children stratified into age groups from 1 month to 12 years of age. dosages of 10, 30, and 45 mg/kg of body weight/day were evaluated as single daily doses over a period of 12 days. steady-state concentrations in plasma were determined on day 12, and single postdose concentrations were measured on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15, 18, 21, and 24. prior studies ... | 1998 | 9624466 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of a series of sulfa drugs as inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthetase. | sulfone and sulfanilamide sulfa drugs have been shown to inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps) isolated from pneumocystis carinii. in order to develop a pharmacophoric model for this inhibition, quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsar) for sulfa drugs active against dhps have been studied. accurate 50% inhibitory concentrations were collected for 44 analogs, and other parameters, such as partition coefficients and molar refractivity, were calculated. conventional multiple regress ... | 1998 | 9624493 |
| quantitation of absolute pneumocystis carinii nuclear dna content. trophic and cystic forms isolated from infected rat lungs are haploid organisms. | the pneumocystis carinii carinii dna content in nuclei of trophic forms and cysts (spore cases) containing 2, 4, or 8 intracystic bodies, were compared using quantitative fluorescence image analysis. the nuclear dna content was found to be lower than the theoretical limits of feulgen cytophotometry. several fluorescent dna dyes provide brighter staining, but these techniques suffer from nonspecific binding to other cellular components, such as rna. it was demonstrated that the thick glycocalyx s ... | 1998 | 9627984 |
| zymolyase treatment exposes p55 antigen of pneumocystis carinii. | rats exposed to pneumocystis carinii mount antibody responses to a broad band migrating on western blot with an apparent molecular weight of 45-55 kda. one antigen within this band, designated p55, is uniformly recognized by p. carinii exposed rats. although the gene encoding the p55 antigen had been previously cloned, the location of this antigen within the organism was unknown. prior attempts to localize the protein were unsuccessful. a monospecific polyclonal antiserum raised against a carbox ... | 1998 | 9627988 |
| cell wall antigens of pneumocystis carinii trophozoites and cysts: purification and carbohydrate analysis of these glycoproteins. | we have purified and biochemically analyzed individual cell wall glycoproteins of pneumocystis carinii. our results show that corresponding core glycoproteins constitute the cell wall antigens in both trophozoites and cysts, and glycosylation of these glycoproteins does not appear to be significantly altered during development. cysts and trophozoites in rat-derived organism preparations were separated from each other by counterflow centrifugal elutriation, then treated with zymolyase to obtain t ... | 1998 | 9627993 |
| [presence of pneumocystis carinii in cerebrospinal fluid]. | pneumocistis carinii is a ubiquitous protozoan present in mammals which frequently causes pulmonary problems in immunodeficient patients, especially those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. given its particular affinity with the lung area, it is rarely present in other tissues. it has on occasions been detected in the liver, spleen and lymphatic ganglia, external auditory canal, skin and to a lesser extent, other organs. it is extremely rare that the pathogen in question produces ex ... | 1998 | 9629775 |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with cotrimoxazole 18 mg/kg. | 1998 | 9629887 | |
| pneumocystis carinii mutations associated with sulfa and sulfone prophylaxis failures in aids patients. | failures of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients do occur, but no evidence for drug resistance has yet been presented. | 1998 | 9631140 |
| clinical predictors of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia and tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients. | clinicians are frequently faced with the differential diagnosis between pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), bacterial pneumonia, and pulmonary tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients. | 1998 | 9631142 |
| the diagnostic strategy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: is doing less better than doing more? | 1998 | 9631775 | |
| a comparison of induced and expectorated sputum for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to compare the sensitivities of expectorated and induced sputum for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1998 | 9631793 |
| immunization with pneumocystis carinii gpa is immunogenic but not protective in a mouse model of p. carinii pneumonia. | immunization with whole pneumocystis carinii has been shown to protect mice from the development of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) when they are subsequently immunosuppressed and challenged with viable organisms. to determine whether these results could be duplicated by using a subunit vaccine, we examined the immunogenicity and efficacy of an immunization strategy based on p. carinii gpa. this antigen was chosen for study because passive immunoprophylaxis, based on gpa, has been shown to be partial ... | 1998 | 9632583 |
| altered natural history of aids-related opportunistic infections in the era of potent combination antiretroviral therapy. | since potent hiv protease inhibitor drugs became widely available in early 1996, many hiv clinical specialists have noted a marked decrease in the occurrence of aids-related opportunistic infections, and some specialists have reported unusual clinical presentations and manifestations of previously common opportunistic infections. in this article, we will review (1) the available data regarding recent trends in aids-related opportunistic infections incidence and manifestations, (2) clinical and i ... | 1998 | 9632998 |
| adherence to antiretroviral and pneumocystis prophylaxis in hiv disease. | medication nonadherence in the treatment of chronic diseases compromises the effectiveness of therapy. little information is available about the extent of medication adherence or determinants of medication adherence in hiv disease, an issue of increasing importance in this new therapeutic era of combination antiretroviral therapy. | 1998 | 9637576 |
| the effect of heterogeneous hyperimmune igg antibody on prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii infection in rats. | immunotherapy has been used in support of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the present study investigated the therapeutic or preventive effects of heterogeneous hyperimmune igg antibody (hia) in experimental rats. their immunity was suppressed by steroid injection, and they were also injected peritoneally with hia which reacted with 40-55, 92, 116, and 200 kda bands of the crude antigen. all rats were infected by p. carinii and the cystic forms on lung ... | 1998 | 9637830 |
| [acute myelogenous leukemia with hyperkalemia induced by pentamidine administration]. | a 27-year-old male with acute myelogenous leukemia received an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-bmt). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed on day 65 after the allo-bmt. the patient was intravenously treated with pentamidine. this resulted in a prompt improvement of his dyspnea and fever, but hyperkalemia occurred during the pentamidine therapy. treatment with pentamidine was stopped and emergent treatment was started. nevertheless, the serum potassium level rose to 7.7 meq/l. urg ... | 1998 | 9637892 |
| diagnostic strategies in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) remains a major pulmonary pathogen for the immunocompromised patient. in hiv infected patients, p. carinii represents the most commonly diagnosed cause of pneumonia. in the aids patient, empiric therapy based on clinical presentation has its proponents. however, this approach has been associated with a worse overall prognosis for the at risk patient. because p. carinii can not be cultured, specific identification relies on examining respiratory specimens ranging ... | 1998 | 9405333 |
| opportunistic infections shortly after beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy. | the clinical benefit of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has been attributed to its suppression of viral replication and improvement in the cd4 lymphocyte count. however, the development of clinical symptoms secondary to previously silent opportunistic pathogens shortly after beginning haart has been reported as a distinct clinical syndrome and seems to be associated with inflammatory phenomena surrounding a rapid restoration of the immune system in previously immunosuppressed patien ... | 1998 | 10682143 |
| living-related small bowel transplantation: the first case in japan. | intestinal failure has been managed with total parenteral nutrition (tpn), but occasionally complications such as obliteration of venous access or liver dysfunction occur. to overcome such complications, small bowel transplantation (sbt) was introduced. since the introduction of tacrolimus in 1990, successful sbt cases have been reported. we performed sbt by using a living donor for a child with short bowel syndrome. the recipient (2.5 years old, male) was born with intestinal necrosis secondary ... | 1998 | 10084759 |
| clusters of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: analysis of person-to-person transmission by genotyping. | genotyping at the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of the nuclear rrna operon was performed on isolates of p. carinii sp. f. hominis from three clusters of p. carinii pneumonia among eight patients with haematological malignancies and six with hiv infection. nine different its sequence types of p. carinii sp. f. hominis were identified in the samples from the patients with haematological malignancies, suggesting that this cluster of cases of p. carinii pneumonia was unlikely to have res ... | 1998 | 10024946 |
| [results and complications of fiber bronchoscopy in hiv positive patients]. | fibreoptic bronchoscopy is an established diagnostic procedure for hiv-associated pulmonary infections. we retrospectively evaluated the diagnostic effectivity and safety of fibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and transbronchial biopsy (tbb) in 153 patients with late-stage hiv infection and clinical signs of pulmonary infection or abnormal chest radiograph. bronchoscopy leads to diagnosis in 82.4% and changed therapy in 54%. 45 patients (30%) were found to have pneumocystis ... | 1998 | 10028841 |
| [mpo-anca related diffuse alveolar hemorrhage]. | the purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical features characterizing patients with myeloperoxidase specific-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (mpo-anca) related diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (dah). seventeen mpo-anca-positive patients were evaluated. nine patients (52.9%) had pulmonary involvement; of those, 6 (35.3%) had dah, and 4 (23.5%) had interstitial pneumonia (1 patient had both pulmonary diseases). three of the patients with dah demonstrated only mildly bloody sputum. all pat ... | 1998 | 10064954 |
| [vertical hiv-i-transmission. ii. hiv-diagnosis in a child]. | in newborn children from hiv-infected women early establishment of hiv infection is of importance for optimal therapy of hiv-infected children and avoidance of unnecessary medication in uninfected children. a more than 95% reliable diagnosis of hiv infection can now be obtained at the age of four weeks by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology. before this age a positive pcr result is relevant since it necessitates additional investigation such as measuring anti-hiv drug resistance and may l ... | 1998 | 10065236 |
| low levels of igg antibodies against pneumocystis carinii among hiv-infected patients. | igg antibodies against pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) were detected by an elisa method using urea-extracted material from human and rat p. carinii as the antigen. carbohydrate formed a major part of the antigen responsible for reactivity in the elisa assay, since periodate treatment reduced the reactivity of most sera tested. cross-reactivity between human and rat p. carinii was detected. however, human serum recognized antigens specific for human p. carinii. with the elisa method igg antibod ... | 1998 | 10066052 |
| severe combined immunodeficiency with b-lymphocytes (t-b+scid): report of two cases. | severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) is a rare pediatric medical emergency in taiwan. the early diagnosis of infants with scid is very important because it can save the life of these critical infants. the essential clues important for early diagnosis of scid patients include positive family history of early infant death, paucity of tonsil and lymphoid tissue, cutaneous fungal infection and lymphopenia. severe combined immunodeficiency is a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characteri ... | 1998 | 9926517 |
| [an ultrastructural evaluation of pneumocystis carinii]. | the pneumocystis carinii (pnc) is a challenge, because its taxonomy has not been completely explained. pnc seems to be a chimera with fungal and parasitic characteristics. the objective of the present study is to analyze the different stages observed in pnc using transmission electron microscopy in order to correlate them with bibliographic reports regarding a possible taxonomic classification. the trophic stage was the form most frequently encountered in alveolar spaces and their organisms vary ... | 1998 | 9927803 |
| radiographic imaging of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we reviewed the radiographic imaging of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome to determine the findings of chest radiography, computed tomography, and gallium scintigraphy and to analyze the time course of the resolution of abnormalities on chest radiographs after the initiation of therapy. the patients were one woman and 43 men (mean age, 38 years). after initiation of therapy, the chest radiograph demonstrated deterioration in 36% of patients, rapid ... | 1998 | 9929143 |
| [the clinico-epidemiological aspects of hiv infection in 167 children nonmaternally infected who have died with a diagnosis of aids]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological particularity of pediatrics nosocomial hiv infection. our study group consists of 167 hiv serum-positive nonmaternally infected children who died of aids in 1990-1997 (inclusive) in colentina hospital of infections diseases--bucharest. fifty per cent of institutionalized children and 28% of family children died in the first two years of life. about 80% of children were revealed too late as hiv infected. it has been observed a ... | 1998 | 9932002 |
| a phase ii study of liposomal doxorubicin in the treatment of hiv-related kaposi's sarcoma. | to evaluate the toxicity and clinical efficacy of liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin (dox-sl) in the treatment of hiv-related kaposi's sarcoma (ks). | 1998 | 9972406 |
| managing drug reactions to sulfonamides and other drugs in hiv infection: desensitization rather than rechallenge? | drug reactions in patients with hiv infection, e.g. fever or rash, are a frequently occurring clinical problem. these side effects particularly are observed with sulfonamides; however, many other drugs have also shown to induce allergic reactions when given to patients with hiv infection. the production of hydroxylamines has been put forward as one of the explanations for these high incidence of reactions on drugs. since sulfonamides are the first choice of therapy for the treatment and prophyla ... | 1998 | 9972526 |
| genetics, metabolism and host specificity of pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii is a major cause of severe pneumonia in immunosuppressed individuals, especially in those with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection during their period of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), and constitutes a worldwide problem to public health. recently, significant advances in the development of experimental animal models of p. carinii infection, as well as in our knowledge of the genetic diversity and taxonomy of p. carinii, have been made. th ... | 1998 | 9988507 |
| molecular diagnosis and epidemiology of fungal infections. | a variety of methods are utilized for dna strain subtyping of candida spp. because no 'gold standard' exists. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) or restriction enzyme analysis (rea) are useful to determine the source of an outbreak, but more reproducible and discriminatory methods such as southern hybridization and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) may be required. when applied to some nosocomial candida infections, multiple strains and species have been identified. microevolution of ... | 1998 | 9988514 |
| [immunohistochemistry diagnosis of fungal infections]. | because the mycosis incidence has increased a lot with the appearing of aids, the immunohistochemistry study among fungus shows the importance of fast methods for their identification that have advantage of been a durable method in comparison with immunofluorescence and the possibility of making retrospective studies in material embedded in paraffin. the immunohistochemistry reaction with histoplasma capsulatum, pneumocystis carinii; and criptococcus neoformans antibodies were sensitive, specifi ... | 1998 | 9922498 |
| [pulmonary cavitation lesions in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: an analysis of a series of 78 cases]. | to assess the clinical, radiologic and microbiological features of lung cavitation and hiv infection. evaluation of the differences related to this disease in the last years. | 1998 | 9922954 |
| successful desensitization to dapsone for pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in an hiv-positive patient. | to report a case of successful desensitization to dapsone for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis in a patient unable to tolerate trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) desensitization or dapsone at standard doses. | 1998 | 9876811 |
| host defense to pneumocystis carinii: the missing pieces in the jigsaw. | 1998 | 9582932 | |
| the western australian hiv cohort study, perth, australia. | the efficacy of primary prophylactic treatment for opportunistic infections can be estimated in an observational cohort study by adjusting for clinical and laboratory markers of the immunodeficiency (e.g., oral candidiasis, cd4%, lymphocyte cell counts) as time-dependent co-variates (providing that the treatment does not directly alter the markers). however, the cd4 cell count provides an incomplete measure of the protective immune response, and the efficacy of treatment may be underestimated if ... | 1998 | 9586648 |
| [opportunistic infections in patients under highly concentrated antiretroviral therapy]. | variable results: the restoration of immunological competence following highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has led to promising results concerning cytomegalovirus viremia, atypical mycobacterium infections, and survival in patients treated for non-hodgkin's lymphomas. the beneficial effect of introducing antiproteases is less clear for other opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis and pyogenic infections. prophylaxis: in patients with a cd4 count above 240/mm3, it would appear po ... | 1998 | 9879332 |
| progression of pneumocystis carinii infection in an animal model. | the development of pneumocystis carinii infection in immunosuppressed rats is important not only in understanding the infection, but also as a source of p. carinii antigen for use in diagnostic serological tests. the aims of this study were to monitor the progression of p. carinii infection in the sprague dawley rat model and then determine parameters that indicate the maximum production of p. carinii antigen. seventeen sprague dawley rats were killed at intervals up to 9 weeks after the start o ... | 1998 | 9879974 |
| [good clinical practice in nebulization]. | a meeting on nebulization held in april 1997 defined good clinical practices. guidelines that were proposed pertained to the following: pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulizers; delivering circuit, occluded or not, the choice of the tip being done according to the disease to treat and to the drugs to be delivered; various functions, depending on the type of nebulizer; the particle size, as it will indicate which disease may be treated: between 2 and 6 microns for bronchi, between 0.5 et 3 microns for ... | 1998 | 9881205 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection, part ii. | the acceptance of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) among patients and health care providers has had a dramatic impact on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of many opportunistic infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). previously intractable opportunistic infections and syndromes are now far less common. in addition, effective antibiotic prophylactic therapies have had a profound impact on the risk of patients developing particular infections and on t ... | 1998 | 9883269 |
| [incidence of bacterial pneumonia in hiv-positive patients treated with preventive co-trimoxazole or pentamidine]. | besides pneumocystis carinii bacterial pathogens represent the most common aetiology of pulmonary infections in hiv-positive patients. however, the impact of pcp prophylaxis on the incidence of bacterial pneumonia in hiv-positive patients using pentamidine or co-trimoxazole is still unknown. | 1998 | 9885511 |
| a cluster of suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following intensive chemotherapy in a belfast haematology unit. | five cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were diagnosed in adult patients following intensive chemotherapy in the royal group of hospitals haematology unit, belfast, within a space of six months. the common features and the risk factors contributing to the increased susceptibility of these patients are discussed, as are the likely mechanisms of transmission of infection. | 1998 | 9885546 |
| [do seasonal changes have any influence on pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?]. | 1998 | 9887633 | |
| sensitivity and specificity of indirect immunofluorescence and grocott-technique in comparison with immunocytology (alkaline phosphatase anti alkaline phosphatase = apaap) for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii in broncho-alveolar lavage (bal). | the purpose of the study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the indirect method of immunofluorescence with the immunocytological technique of alkaline phosphatase anti alkaline phosphatase complex (apaap) for the detection of pneumocystis carinii by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in hiv-1 positive patients. - 83 hiv-1 positive patients with clinical presentations suggestive of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were included in the study. 28 samples were found pc-positive by immun ... | 1998 | 9889176 |
| early participation in an hiv cohort study slows disease progression and improves survival. the swiss hiv cohort study. | different levels of experience of physicians caring for patients with hiv infection have been found to be associated with differences in survival amongst their patients. we examined whether early participation in the swiss hiv cohort study (shcs), an ongoing prospective study with regular follow-up visits at specialized clinics, improved survival of hiv-infected patients. | 1998 | 9893101 |
| pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis can be discontinued after cd4+ cell recovery over 200 x 10(6)/l. | 1998 | 9863883 | |
| the hsp70 gene family in pneumocystis carinii: molecular and phylogenetic characterization of cytoplasmic members. | pneumocystis carinii, a major opportunistic lung pathogen of aids patients, is found in a number of mammals and is proposed to be a member of the fungi. in this work, several members of the highly conserved hsp70 multigene family were characterized from rat-derived p. carinii. previously, we reported characterization of the er resident hsp70 homolog known as bip from prototype (p.c. carinii) and variant (p. c. rattus) strains of the organism. we report here, from p. c. carinii, characterization ... | 1998 | 9864849 |
| high-dose trimetrexate and minimal-dose leucovorin: a case for selective protection? | our objective was to find the minimum dose of leucovorin (lv; 5-formyltetrahydrofolate) needed to potentially provide selective protection of normal tissue in patients with tumors resistant to methotrexate (mtx) by virtue of transport during prolonged therapy with high-dose trimetrexate (tmtx). based upon the known daily requirement for folate, that tumors are often resistant to methotrexate via a transport-based mechanism, and that large doses of trimetrexate can be given with large doses of le ... | 1998 | 9865909 |
| absence of pneumocystis carinii carriers among patients with cystic fibrosis. | 1998 | 9865993 | |
| the incidence and spectrum of aids-defining illnesses in persons treated with antiretroviral drugs. | the incidence and spectrum of primary aids-defining illnesses in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients receiving antiretroviral drugs may have changed since the introduction of newer antiretroviral agents. we performed a retrospective analysis of patients enrolled in the british columbia drug treatment program who were ever prescribed antiretroviral drugs between 1 january 1994 and 31 december 1996. rates were calculated on a 6-month basis. there were 344 aids cases diagnosed among 2,53 ... | 1998 | 9868646 |
| pneumocystis carinii: a historical perspective. | the emergence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is traced from its origins as an obscure pulmonary pathogen to its place as a prominent cause of lung infection in patients who have acquired immune deficiency syndrome. improvements in diagnosis and treatment have resulted in better care of patients with this infection. in addition, basic immunologic and molecular investigations have improved our understanding of the nature of this organism and continue to provide important questions for further r ... | 1998 | 9872623 |
| current issues in the epidemiology, transmission, and reactivation of pneumocystis carinii. | issues related to the epidemiology, transmission, and reactivation of pneumocystis carinii remain controversial. in this article, current studies related to geographic variations in the prevalence of p. carinii pneumonia are reviewed. in addition, extensive investigations show that exposure to p. carinii occurs early in life, followed by seemingly complete clearance of the organisms. recent molecular techniques show that p. carinii pneumonia during periods of immune suppression can occur either ... | 1998 | 9872624 |
| pneumocystis pneumonia: clinical presentation and diagnosis in patients with and without acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | pneumocystis carinii causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. although this most commonly occurs in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), other groups of immunocompromised patients without aids are also at risk for p. carinii pneumonia. these patients have solid or hematologic malignancies, organ transplantation, or inflammatory conditions requiring chronic immunosuppressive drugs, particularly corticosteroids. there are important differences in the clinical pre ... | 1998 | 9872625 |
| treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | early effective management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia improves outcome in patients with this disorder. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole remains the agent of choice for treatment of severe p. carinii pneumonia. pentamidine, trimethoprim-dapsone, atovaquone, and other regimens are useful in selected clinical situations. adjunctive corticosteroids are indicated in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and p. carinii pneumonia who have moderate to severe p. carinii pneumonia defined ... | 1998 | 9872626 |
| taxonomy, genetic organization, and life cycle of pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii was initially misidentified as a protozoan parasite. recent molecular and biochemical analyses provide unequivocal evidence for placement of p. carinii with the fungi, and that p. carinii is most likely an ascomycete. genetic investigations further show that p. carinii derived from different mammalian hosts (human, rat, mouse, and ferret) exhibit considerable chromosomal and gene sequence divergence indicating that they are likely of different species. the life cycle of p. c ... | 1998 | 9872627 |
| antigenic characterization of pneumocystis carinii. | studies of pneumocystis carinii have been limited by our inability to propagate it in continuous culture. in this context, studies of p. carinii antigens have provided significant insight into the biology of this organism. the mannose-rich surface major surface glycoprotein of p. carinii termed glycoprotein a (gpa) is the best studied of these p. carinii antigens. significant genetic and immunologic diversity exists between the gpa molecules expressed by p. carinii derived from different mammali ... | 1998 | 9872628 |
| pneumocystis carinii interactions with respiratory epithelium. | ultrastructural studies indicate that the attachment of pneumocystis carinii to alveolar epithelial cells is a central feature during development of this pneumonia. p. carinii attaches preferentially to type i alveolar epithelial cells, and rarely binds to type ii cells. extensive in vitro investigations support roles for both fibronectin and vitronectin, which bind to the organism, and mediate p. carinii attachment to respiratory epithelial cells through corresponding integrin receptors. additi ... | 1998 | 9872629 |
| lymphocytes in host defense against pneumocystis carinii. | host defense against pneumocystis carinii depends on complex interactions between host immune cells and mediators. in immunocompetent hosts, the immune system provides efficient and effective defense against p. carinii. clinical and experimental investigations confirm that lymphocytes control and coordinate this defense. during states of immunosuppression, however, lymphocyte function is impaired and clinical p. carinii pneumonia results. lymphocytes participate in host defense by regulating oth ... | 1998 | 9872630 |
| alveolar macrophage and glycoprotein responses to pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii continues to represent an important complication of immunosuppression in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, hematological and solid malignancies, organ transplantation, and during corticosteroid and cytotoxic therapy for inflammatory disorders. although host defenses against this organism center around cd4 lymphocytic function, additional immune mediators in the alveolar spaces contribute substantially to host recognition and elimination of p. carinii. in par ... | 1998 | 9872631 |
| pneumocystis carinii: the art and science of survival in the hostile environment of the alveolar spaces. | pneumocystis carinii remains an important cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, particularly in those who have acquired immune deficiency syndrome. potential mechanisms by which p. carinii escapes elimination by lung defenses and proliferates are discussed. evidence indicates that p. carinii attachment to alveolar epithelium is an important event in the establishment of infection and occurs through a variety of means. the binding of the organisms appears to be injurious to alveolar e ... | 1998 | 9872632 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in haemophiliacs in taiwan: the importance of cd4 lymphocyte count in the progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | from july 1984 to december 1996, we tested and studied 303 haemophilic patients for the infection of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). among the 261 haemophilia a patients 44 were hiv positive (16.9%), while none of the haemophilia b patients was hiv positive. the mean age of the 44 hiv-seropositive patients in 1984 was 20.6 years (2-37 years). seven who had known seroconversion dates and 29 whose first seropositive dates were known seroconverted before 1986. acquired immunodeficiency synd ... | 1998 | 9873849 |
| diagnostic accuracy of hiv-associated central nervous system toxoplasmosis. | our objective was to examine the accuracy of diagnosis of hiv-associated central nervous system (cns) toxoplasmosis. individuals diagnosed with hiv-associated cns toxoplasmosis and controls were ascertained from a population-based database. diagnosis was confirmed by response to therapy or by histology. symptoms, results of anti-toxoplasma serology and use of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis were recorded. central nervous system toxoplasmosis was confirmed in 54 (76%) of 75 patie ... | 1998 | 9874125 |
| biomolecular techniques to detect pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | to verify the clinical value of two different polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) for noninvasive diagnosis and follow-up during pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis pneumonia (pcp) and to analyze the p. carinii f. sp. hominis genotypes involved. | 1998 | 10225984 |
| management of opportunistic infections in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. i. treatment. | a case report of a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is described. the patient presents with a multitude of medical complaints that are of acute or subacute onset. the medical examination of these complaints is described and includes algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of the most common hiv-related opportunistic infections, including pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, mycobacterium avium complex, cytomegalovirus infection, and cryptococcal meningitis. | 1998 | 10099037 |
| drug abuse and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is a modern plague. the first sign of the disease was the appearance of pneumocystis carinii and kaposi's sarcoma among young homosexual patients. the virus transmission is from an infected individual to a susceptible host through blood-related, sexual, and perinatal routes. exchange of body fluid occurs when sharing syringes, drugs, and drug paraphernalia. although the largest number of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is in subs ... | 1998 | 9895137 |
| [fungal nucleic acid detection for invasive aspergillosis]. | a universal pcr-assay for the detection of fungal dna was compared with microscopy and culture for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis using 78 samples from 42 patients. eighteen patients were suffering from invasive aspergillosis, 5 patients were colonized with aspergillus in the respiratory tract, 19 patients did not show any sign of aspergillosis. samples from 6 of the 18 patients with invasive aspergillosis were microscopically positive with true mycelia, 15 of 18 grew aspergillus in cul ... | 1998 | 10085690 |
| treatment of indolent lymphoma with fludarabine/mitoxantrone combination: a phase ii trial. | in an effort to reduce the risk of opportunistic infections, 25 patients with advanced indolent lymphoma (age range: 30-77 years) were treated, using a combination of fludarabine and mitoxantrone, without corticosteroids. fludarabine was given at 25 mg/m2 for three daily doses, and mitoxantrone at 10 mg/m2. cycles were repeated every four weeks for up to maximum response, and for no more than six months. eight patients had follicular lymphoma, and 11 had cll/sll. objective response was observed ... | 1998 | 10235069 |
| [mortality descriptors in hiv inpatients]. | to assess the clinical-epidemiological descriptors of inpatient mortality in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1998 | 10349150 |
| some opportunistic parasitic infections in aids: candidiasis, pneumocystosis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis. | almost 80% of patients with aids die from infections other than human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). these infections usually occur late in the course of disease when cd4(+) t-cell count has fallen below 200 permm(3) cells per milliliter. most of these infections are caused by organisms that do not normally afflict healthy individuals and are thus considered to be opportunistic. in this article, lloyd kasper and dominique buzoni-gatel review the host-parasite interaction for four important pathog ... | 1998 | 17040733 |
| pneumocystis carinii: a fungus resistant to antifungal therapies - mechanisms of action of antipneumocystis drugs. | pneumocystis carinii is a pathogen that causes a potentially lethal pneumonia in patients with aids and other immunodeficiency states. this review discusses the mechanisms of action of four classes of antipneumocystis agents: inhibitors of ergosterol synthesis and function, 1,3-beta-glucan synthase inhibitors, antifolates and dna binding agents. investigations of p. carinii's biologic pathways affected by the antipneumocystis actions of each of these classes of agents has generated important ins ... | 1998 | 17092792 |
| drug resistance in pneumocystis carinii: an emerging problem. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a frequent opportunistic infection in aids patients. large numbers of hiv-infected individuals take prophylactic medications to prevent this illness. the development of drug resistance, while expected, cannot be monitored by classical means, since the organism cannot be cultivated in vitro. two drug target genes, dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) and cytochrome b, have been cloned and sequenced from human-derived p. carinii. mutations leading to amino acid s ... | 1998 | 17092806 |
| [opportunistic invasive mycoses in aids. an autopsy study of 211 cases.]. | the opportunistic mycoses are an important cause of morbidity-mortality among patients with severe immunosuppression provoked by hiv. we present a study of 211 serial autopsies of patients with hiv/aids infection carried out by our service in a period of 10 years, observing frequency of invasive mycoses of the 44.1%. pneumocystis carinii infection was the most frequent (32%) with a prevalence of lung affection. candidiasis follows it in order of frequency with 31.1%, predominantly the oropharyng ... | 1998 | 17655402 |
| predictors of survival in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in italy, 1983 to 1995. | to evaluate length and predictors of survival among children with aids, 529 pediatric cases diagnosed in italy from 1983 to august 1995 were reviewed. data were analyzed using kaplan-meier curves and the cox proportional hazards regression model. various survival patterns were subsequently analyzed. all survival analyses were truncated on march 1, 1996. cases were examined by gender, age at diagnosis, hiv transmission category, type and number of the first aids-defining diseases, level of immuno ... | 1998 | 15468435 |
| prisoners' knowledge and attitude toward prophylactic treatment and therapy. | identifying factors that hinder an inmate's compliance with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis therapy can be critical in preventing or decreasing the occurrence of pcp in this population. anticipated factors include lack of knowledge about pcp and its proposed treatment, fear of the adverse effects of prophylaxis therapy, and lack of trust in the correctional facility medical team. structured interviews were administered to hiv-positive male inmates chosen randomly (n = 104) at a ... | 1998 | 15468444 |
| community-acquired pneumonia in patients with hiv. | patients with hiv frequently present at some time in their illness with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). early in the prognosis of hiv when cd4 counts are somewhat decreased, hiv patients with cap are infected with the same pulmonary pathogen as normal hosts plus legionella, salmonella or chlamydia pneumoniae. later in hiv, when the cd4 counts are markedly reduced, pneumocystis carinii (pcp), cmv and acid-fast organisms (tb or mai) are important pulmonary pathogens. this article presents a cl ... | 1998 | 14988750 |
| [studies in immunological diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection]. | to assess the diagnostic value of pneumocystis carinii(pc) antibodies and circulating antigens detection in alveolar lavage fluid (alf) and serum. | 1998 | 12078254 |
| managing illness. | although most infants infected with hiv manifest no symptoms of their infected status at birth, hiv-infected children usually develop clinical signs of hiv/aids much sooner after infection than do adults. a small percentage of children manifest no signs of hiv infection until reaching age 10 years or older. more than half of all hiv-infected children live for more than 5 years. it is extremely important that hiv-infected children lead normal lives, being allowed to play with friends, go to sc ... | 1998 | 12294836 |