Publications

green manure addition to soil increases grain zinc concentration in bread wheat.	zinc (zn) deficiency is a major problem for many people living on wheat-based diets. here, we explored whether addition of green manure of red clover and sunflower to a calcareous soil or inoculating a non-indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (amf) strain may increase grain zn concentration in bread wheat. for this purpose we performed a multifactorial pot experiment, in which the effects of two green manures (red clover, sunflower), znso4 application, soil γ-irradiation (elimination of natu ...	2014	24999738
using virtual 3-d plant architecture to assess fungal pathogen splash dispersal in heterogeneous canopies: a case study with cultivar mixtures and a non-specialized disease causal agent.	recent developments in plant disease management have led to a growing interest in alternative strategies, such as increasing host diversity and decreasing the use of pesticides. use of cultivar mixtures is one option, allowing the spread of plant epidemics to be slowed down. as dispersal of fungal foliar pathogens over short distances by rain-splash droplets is a major contibutor to the spread of disease, this study focused on modelling the physical mechanisms involved in dispersal of a non-spec ...	2014	24989786
evolution of the bbaa component of bread wheat during its history at the allohexaploid level.	subgenome integrity in bread wheat (triticum aestivum; bbaadd) makes possible the extraction of its bbaa component to restitute a novel plant type. the availability of such a ploidy-reversed wheat (extracted tetraploid wheat [etw]) provides a unique opportunity to address whether and to what extent the bbaa component of bread wheat has been modified in phenotype, karyotype, and gene expression during its evolutionary history at the allohexaploid level. we report here that etw was anomalous in mu ...	2014	24989045
establishing the a. e. watkins landrace cultivar collection as a resource for systematic gene discovery in bread wheat.	a high level of genetic diversity was found in the a. e. watkins bread wheat landrace collection. genotypic information was used to determine the population structure and to develop germplasm resources. in the 1930s a. e. watkins acquired landrace cultivars of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) from official channels of the board of trade in london, many of which originated from local markets in 32 countries. the geographic distribution of the 826 landrace cultivars of the current collection, he ...	2014	24985064
cloning and characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit alleles from chinese wheat landraces (triticum aestivum l.).	low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) are of great importance in processing quality and participate in the formation of polymers in wheat. in this study, eight new lmw-gs alleles were isolated from chinese wheat landraces (triticum aestivum l.) and designated as glu-a3-1a, glu-a3-1b, glu-b3-1a, glu-b3-1b, glu-b3-1c, glu-d3-1a, glu-d3-1b, and glu-d3-1c, which were located at the glu-a3, glu-b3, and glu-d3 loci, respectively. based on the proteins encoded, the number of deduced amino aci ...	2014	24982945
phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles exposure on germinating wheat seedlings.	we investigated the effects of 1 and 10 mg l(-1) agnps on germinating triticum aestivum l. seedlings. the exposure to 10 mg l(-1) agnps adversely affected the seedling growth and induced morphological modifications in root tip cells. tem analysis suggests that the observed effects were due primarily to the release of ag ions from agnps. to gain an increased understanding of the molecular response to agnp exposure, we analyzed the genomic and proteomic changes induced by agnps in wheat seedlings. ...	2014	24973586
apoplastic antioxidant enzyme responses to chronic free-air ozone exposure in two different ozone-sensitive wheat cultivars.	the effects of elevated ozone concentrations [o3] on two different ozone-sensitive wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars [yangmai16 (y16) and yannong19 (y19)] were investigated to determine the different apoplastic antioxidant mechanisms under o3-face (free-air controlled enrichment) condition. the results indicated that elevated [o3] (1.5 × ambient [o3]) induced increases in the production of superoxide anion (o2(-)), hydroxyl radical (ho), hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and lipid peroxidation, and ...	2014	24973575
a high-density genetic map with array-based markers facilitates structural and quantitative trait locus analyses of the common wheat genome.	the large genome and allohexaploidy of common wheat have complicated construction of a high-density genetic map. although improvements in the throughput of next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies have made it possible to obtain a large amount of genotyping data for an entire mapping population by direct sequencing, including hexaploid wheat, a significant number of missing data points are often apparent due to the low coverage of sequencing. in the present study, a microarray-based polymor ...	2014	24972598
genomic prediction for rust resistance in diverse wheat landraces.	we have demonstrated that genomic selection in diverse wheat landraces for resistance to leaf, stem and strip rust is possible, as genomic breeding values were moderately accurate. markers with large effects in the bayesian analysis confirmed many known genes, while also discovering many previously uncharacterised genome regions associated with rust scores. genomic selection, where selection decisions are based on genomic estimated breeding values (gebvs) derived from genome-wide dna markers, co ...	2014	24965887
comparison of the effects of symmetric and asymmetric temperature elevation and co2 enrichment on yield and evapotranspiration of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	under the changing climate, asymmetric warming pattern would be more likely during day and night time, instead of symmetric one. concurrently, the growth responses and water use of plants may be different compared with those estimated based on symmetric warming. in this work, it was compared with the effects of symmetric (ets) and asymmetric (eta) elevation of temperature alone, and in interaction with elevated carbon dioxide concentration (ec), on the grain yield (gy) and evapotranspiration in ...	2014	24963392
screening of bangladeshi winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars for sensitivity to ozone.	the sensitivity to ozone of ten bangladeshi wheat cultivars was tested by exposing plants to eight ozone exposure regimes (50, 60, 80, 100, 120, 135, 150, and 200 ppb for 14, 11, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, and 1 days, respectively, for 8 h/day) in controlled environment chambers. visible leaf injury, dry weight, chlorophyll, carotenoid content, leaf greenness (spad value), quantum yield of photosynthesis, and stomatal resistance were measured to evaluate response. shoot biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf gree ...	2014	25023654
isolation, promoter analysis and expression profile of dreb2 in response to drought stress in wheat ancestors.	drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses, constraining crop production seriously. the dehydration responsive element binding proteins (drebs) are important plant-specific transcription factors that respond to various abiotic stresses and consequently induce abiotic stress-related genes that impart stress endurance in plants. wild species are naturally exposed to various abiotic stresses and potentially harbor suitable alleles through natural selection. in this study we isolated and ...	2014	25017054
a morpho-physiological approach differentiates bread wheat cultivars of contrasting tolerance under cyclic water stress.	leaf micromorphological traits and some physiological parameters with potential relevance to drought tolerance mechanisms were investigated in four selected winter wheat varieties. plants were subjected to two cycles of drought treatment at anthesis. yield components confirmed contrasting drought-sensitive and -tolerant behavior of the genotypes. drought tolerance was associated with small flag leaf surfaces and less frequent occurrence of stomata. substantial variation of leaf cuticular thickne ...	2014	25014261
predictions of heading date in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using qtl-based parameters of an ecophysiological model.	prediction of wheat phenology facilitates the selection of cultivars with specific adaptations to a particular environment. however, while qtl analysis for heading date can identify major genes controlling phenology, the results are limited to the environments and genotypes tested. moreover, while ecophysiological models allow accurate predictions in new environments, they may require substantial phenotypic data to parameterize each genotype. also, the model parameters are rarely related to all ...	2014	25148833
validation of a 1dl earliness per se (eps) flowering qtl in bread wheat (triticum aestivum).	vernalization, photoperiod and the relatively poorly defined earliness per se (eps) genes regulate flowering in plants. we report here the validation of a major eps quantitative trait locus (qtl) located on wheat 1dl using near isogenic lines (nils). we used four independent pairs of nils derived from a cross between spark and rialto winter wheat varieties, grown in both the field and controlled environments. nils carrying the spark allele, defined by qtl flanking markers xgdm111 and xbarc62, co ...	2014	25242885
simultaneous editing of three homoeoalleles in hexaploid bread wheat confers heritable resistance to powdery mildew.	sequence-specific nucleases have been applied to engineer targeted modifications in polyploid genomes, but simultaneous modification of multiple homoeoalleles has not been reported. here we use transcription activator-like effector nuclease (talen) and clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (crispr)-cas9 (refs. 4,5) technologies in hexaploid bread wheat to introduce targeted mutations in the three homoeoalleles that encode mildew-resistance locus (mlo) proteins. genetic redu ...	2014	25038773
development of gluten-free bread using tartary buckwheat and chia flour rich in flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids as ingredients.	in this study, chia seed flour, which is rich in omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid, and common and tartary buckwheat flour, which has a high antioxidant activity, were integrated into different types of bread with the aim of improving their nutritional value and healthy features. our results indicate that bread made with chia and tartary buckwheat flour was more acceptable in many nutritional aspects compared to the control (common wheat bread); it contained a higher amount of protein (20%), insolubl ...	2014	25038671
biolistic transformation of wheat using the hmw-gs 1dx5 gene without selectable markers.	genetic manipulation using linear dna was applied to the common wheat variety xindong no. 26 via particle bombardment with the aim to improve bread-making quality of flour. initially, 2 biolistic parameters, helium pressure and target distance, were optimized using plasmid pahc25. we transformed wheat immature embryo scutella with the linear 1dx5 gene without selectable markers. the highest transient β-glucuronidase expression was obtained when scuttles were bombarded at 1100 psi with a 9-cm tar ...	2014	25036180
a chromosome-based draft sequence of the hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) genome.	an ordered draft sequence of the 17-gigabase hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) genome has been produced by sequencing isolated chromosome arms. we have annotated 124,201 gene loci distributed nearly evenly across the homeologous chromosomes and subgenomes. comparative gene analysis of wheat subgenomes and extant diploid and tetraploid wheat relatives showed that high sequence similarity and structural conservation are retained, with limited gene loss, after polyploidization. however, acr ...	2014	25035500
ancient hybridizations among the ancestral genomes of bread wheat.	the allohexaploid bread wheat genome consists of three closely related subgenomes (a, b, and d), but a clear understanding of their phylogenetic history has been lacking. we used genome assemblies of bread wheat and five diploid relatives to analyze genome-wide samples of gene trees, as well as to estimate evolutionary relatedness and divergence times. we show that the a and b genomes diverged from a common ancestor ~7 million years ago and that these genomes gave rise to the d genome through ho ...	2014	25035499
genome interplay in the grain transcriptome of hexaploid bread wheat.	allohexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) provides approximately 20% of calories consumed by humans. lack of genome sequence for the three homeologous and highly similar bread wheat genomes (a, b, and d) has impeded expression analysis of the grain transcriptome. we used previously unknown genome information to analyze the cell type-specific expression of homeologous genes in the developing wheat grain and identified distinct co-expression clusters reflecting the spatiotemporal progressio ...	2014	25035498
structural and functional partitioning of bread wheat chromosome 3b.	we produced a reference sequence of the 1-gigabase chromosome 3b of hexaploid bread wheat. by sequencing 8452 bacterial artificial chromosomes in pools, we assembled a sequence of 774 megabases carrying 5326 protein-coding genes, 1938 pseudogenes, and 85% of transposable elements. the distribution of structural and functional features along the chromosome revealed partitioning correlated with meiotic recombination. comparative analyses indicated high wheat-specific inter- and intrachromosomal ge ...	2014	25035497
identification and independent validation of a stable yield and thousand grain weight qtl on chromosome 6a of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	grain yield in wheat is a polygenic trait that is influenced by environmental and genetic interactions at all stages of the plant's growth. yield is usually broken down into three components; number of spikes per area, grain number per spike, and grain weight (tgw). in polyploid wheat, studies have identified quantitative trait loci (qtl) which affect tgw, yet few have been validated and fine-mapped using independent germplasm, thereby having limited impact in breeding.	2014	25034643
mapping resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphid and the greenbug in wheat using sequence-based genotyping.	identification of novel resistance qtl against wheat aphids. first qtl-resistance report for r. padi in wheat and chromosome 2dl for s. graminum . these sources have potential use in wheat breeding. the aphids rhopalosiphum padi and schizaphis graminum are important pests of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). characterization of the genetic bases of resistance sources is crucial to facilitate the development of resistant wheat cultivars to these insects. we examined 140 recombinant inbred line ...	2014	25112202
arsenic contamination of the soil-wheat system irrigated with high arsenic groundwater in the hetao basin, inner mongolia, china.	as one of the most important crop in the world, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was irrigated with low as water and high as water. however, little is known about as cycling in the soil-wheat-water system. two wheat fields (site g and site y), irrigated with high dissolved as (178 μg l(-1)) groundwater and low dissolved as (8.2 μg l(-1)) surface water, respectively, were systematically sampled in the hetao basin, including irrigation water, soils and plants. the annual as (including dissolved as and ...	2014	25108250
durum and bread wheat differ in their ability to retain potassium in leaf mesophyll: implications for salinity stress tolerance.	understanding the intrinsic mechanisms involved in the differential salinity tolerance between bread wheat and durum wheat is essential for breeding salt-tolerant varieties to cope with the global salinity issue threatening future food supply. in the past, higher salinity tolerance in bread wheat compared with durum wheat has been attributed to its better ability to exclude na(+) from uptake. here we show that another mechanism, namely more superior k(+) retention ability in the leaf mesophyll, ...	2014	25104542
mitochondrial energy-dissipating systems (alternative oxidase, uncoupling proteins, and external nadh dehydrogenase) are involved in development of frost-resistance of winter wheat seedlings.	gene expression, protein synthesis, and activities of alternative oxidase (aox), uncoupling proteins (ucp), adenine nucleotide translocator (ant), and non-coupled nad(p)h dehydrogenases (ndex, ndpex, and ndin) were studied in shoots of etiolated winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings after exposure to hardening low positive (2°c for 7 days) and freezing (-2°c for 2 days) temperatures. the cold hardening efficiently increased frost-resistance of the seedlings and decreased the generation o ...	2014	25100008
characterization of ferredoxin-dependent glutamine-oxoglutarate amidotransferase (fd-gogat) genes and their relationship with grain protein content qtl in wheat.	in higher plants, inorganic nitrogen is assimilated via the glutamate synthase cycle or gs-gogat pathway. gogat enzyme occurs in two distinct forms that use nadh (nadh-gogat) or fd (fd-gogat) as electron carriers. the goal of the present study was to characterize wheat fd-gogat genes and to assess the linkage with grain protein content (gpc), an important quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes.	2014	25099972
dynamic development of starch granules and the regulation of starch biosynthesis in brachypodium distachyon: comparison with common wheat and aegilops peregrina.	thorough understanding of seed starch biosynthesis and accumulation mechanisms is of great importance for agriculture and crop improvement strategies. we conducted the first comprehensive study of the dynamic development of starch granules and the regulation of starch biosynthesis in brachypodium distachyon and compared the findings with those reported for common wheat (chinese spring, cs) and aegilops peregrina.	2014	25095703
phosphate depletion modulates auxin transport in triticum aestivum leading to altered root branching.	understanding the mechanisms by which nutritional signals impact upon root system architecture is a key facet in the drive for greater nutrient application efficiency in agricultural systems. cereal plants reduce their rate of lateral root emergence under inorganic phosphate (pi) shortage; this study uses molecular and pharmacological techniques to dissect this pi response in triticum aestivum. plants were grown in coarse sand washed in high- or low-pi nutrient solution before being assessed for ...	2014	25086590
dna methylation pattern of photoperiod-b1 is associated with photoperiod insensitivity in wheat (triticum aestivum).	as one of the three key components of the 'green revolution', photoperiod insensitivity is vital for improved adaptation of wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars to a wider geographical range. photoperiod-b1a (ppd-b1a) is one of the major genes that confers photoperiod insensitivity in 'green revolution' varieties, and has made a significant contribution to wheat yield improvement. in this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the photoperiod insensitivity of ppd-b1a alleles from an epi ...	2014	25078249
aluminium in coal fly ash (fa), in plants grown on fa, and in the leachates from fa.	two coal fly ashes (fa), one from montana semi-bituminous coal and another from north dakota lignite alone or in combination with bottom ash (ba) from montana semi-bituminous coal were tested as plant growth media for the following plant species: barley (hordeum vulgare), oats (avena sativa), rye (secale cereale), wheat (triticum aestivum), regreen; a hybrid between wheatgrass (agropyron cristatum) and winter wheat (triticum aestivum), and triticale; a hybrid between wheat (triticum aestivum) an ...	2014	28890900
evolution of physiological responses to salt stress in hexaploid wheat.	hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l., genome bbaadd) is generally more salt tolerant than its tetraploid wheat progenitor (triticum turgidum l.). however, little is known about the physiological basis of this trait or about the relative contributions of allohexaploidization and subsequent evolutionary genetic changes on the trait development. here, we compared the salt tolerance of a synthetic allohexaploid wheat (neo-6x) with its tetraploid (t. turgidum; bbaa) and diploid (aegilops tausc ...	2014	25074914
a modelling approach to evaluate the long-term effect of soil texture on spring wheat productivity under a rain-fed condition.	soil surface texture is an important environmental factor that influences crop productivity because of its direct effect on soil water and complex interactions with other environmental factors. using 30-year data, an agricultural system model (dssat-ceres-wheat) was calibrated and validated. after validation, the modelled yield and water use (wu) of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) from two soil textures (silt loam and clay) under rain-fed condition were analyzed. regression analysis showed t ...	2014	25074796
association analysis of stem rust resistance in u.s. winter wheat.	stem rust has become a renewed threat to global wheat production after the emergence and spread of race ttksk (also known as ug99) and related races from africa. to elucidate u.s. winter wheat resistance genes to stem rust, association mapping was conducted using a panel of 137 lines from cooperative u.s. winter wheat nurseries from 2008 and simple sequence repeat (ssr) and sequence tagged site (sts) markers across the wheat genome. seedling infection types were evaluated in a greenhouse experim ...	2014	25072699
wheat and barley dehydrins under cold, drought, and salinity - what can lea-ii proteins tell us about plant stress response?	dehydrins as a group of late embryogenesis abundant ii proteins represent important dehydration-inducible proteins whose accumulation is induced by developmental processes (embryo maturation) as well as by several abiotic stress factors (low temperatures, drought, salinity). in the review, an overview of studies aimed at investigation of dehydrin accumulation patterns at transcript and protein levels as well as their possible functions in common wheat (triticum aestivum), durum wheat (t. durum), ...	2014	25071816
investigation of diversity in aegilops biuncialis and aegilops umbellulata by a-page.	aegilops species, wild relatives of wheat, are one of the important genetic resources in wheat breeding. in this study 13 populations of aegilops biuncialis along with 2 populations of progenitor species aegilops umbellulata were analysed in six replications using of acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the results showed that tn-01-293 population had a high gluten and grind quality because of high percentage of γ-45.31 and γ-43.5 (high gluten quality index) in the observed band. also, ahar ...	2014	25066882
phosphoproteome analysis reveals new drought response and defense mechanisms of seedling leaves in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	drought is a major form of abiotic stress that significantly affects plant growth and development. in this study, we performed the first phosphoproteome analysis of seedling leaves from two bread wheat cultivars (hanxuan 10 and ningchun 47) subjected to drought stress. as a result, a total of 191 and 251 unique phosphopeptides, representing 173 and 227 phosphoproteins in two cultivars, respectively, were identified as being significant changes in phosphorylation level (scpl) under drought stress ...	2014	25065648
unconditional and conditional qtl analysis of kernel weight related traits in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in multiple genetic backgrounds.	wheat thousand kernel weight (tkw) is a complex trait, and is largely controlled by several kernel traits, including kernel length (kl) and kernel width (kw). in order to reveal the genetic relationship between tkw and these kernel traits (kw and kl) as accurate as possible, we applied both unconditional and conditional mapping analyses to three distinct genetic populations, one dh population and two ril populations. this report describes the identifications of 36 unconditional and conditional a ...	2014	25060952
assessment of the zn-co mixtures rhizotoxicity under ca deficiency: using two conventional mixture models based on the cell membrane surface potential.	toxicity assessment of zn-co mixtures involves multiple ions interactions. the negative potential (ψ0) at the cell membrane surface (cms) concentrated cationic toxicants (denoted {m(2+)}0) and influenced the rhizotoxicity of co(2+) or zn(2+). the single and joint rhizotoxicity of co(2+) and zn(2+) to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were examined, coupled with different ca(2+) levels. joint effects of zn(2+), co(2+) and ca(2+) were estimated by the linearly extended concentration addition (ca) and r ...	2014	25048911
effects of exogenous nitric oxide in wheat seedlings under chilling stress.	the effects of nitric oxide (no) on chilling tolerance (contents of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and superoxide anion (o2 (-)) and lipid peroxidation level (malondialdehyde, mda)) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pox) and catalase (cat)) were investigated in the leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) exposed to chilling. no treatment was carried out through spraying of sodium nitroprusside (snp), which is a donor of no. to do this, snp concentrations ...	2014	22903172
characterization of a wheat-psathyrostachys huashanica keng 4ns disomic addition line for enhanced tiller numbers and stripe rust resistance.	exploiting and utilizing excellent gene(s) from wild species has become an essential strategy for wheat improvement. in the disomic addition line 24-6-3, the 4ns chromosomes from psathyrostachys huashanica keng (2n = 2x = 14, nsns) carried valuable tiller and strip rust resistance gene(s), which was selected from the progeny of common wheat cv. 7182 and p. huashanica via embryo culture. cytology, genomic in situ hybridization (gish), and est-sts analyses were used to detect the 4ns chromosome in ...	2014	24085532
effect of amaranth flour (amaranthus mantegazzianus) on the technological and sensory quality of bread wheat pasta.	the technological and sensory quality of pasta made from bread wheat flour substituted with wholemeal amaranth flour (amaranthus mantegazzianus) at four levels, 15, 30, 40 and 50% w/w was investigated. the quality of the resulted pasta was compared to that of control pasta made from bread wheat flour. the flours were analyzed for chemical composition and pasting properties. cooking behavior, color, raw and cooked pasta texture, scanning electron microscopy and sensory evaluation were determined ...	2014	23733824
characterization of cu-tolerant bacteria and definition of their role in promotion of growth, cu accumulation and reduction of cu toxicity in triticum aestivum l.	the effects of cu-tolerant bacteria strain ustb-o on cu accumulation, plant growth and reduction of cu toxicity in wheat seedlings triticum aestivum l. were investigated. the strain was identified as belonging to bacillus species and showed a specific tolerance to cu through binding the cu ions to the cell walls to reduce their entry into the cells. the bacteria not only increased cu accumulation in wheat seedlings, but also secreted indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and therefore promoted plant growth ...	2013	23725675
genetic association of opr genes with resistance to hessian fly in hexaploid wheat.	hessian fly (mayetiola destructor) is one of the most destructive pests of wheat. the genes encoding 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (opr) and lipoxygenase (lox) play critical roles in insect resistance pathways in higher plants, but little is known about genes controlling resistance to hessian fly in wheat.	2013	23724909
rht-1 and ppd-d1 associations with height, ga sensitivity, and days to heading in a worldwide bread wheat collection.	reduced height (rht)-1 and photoperiod (ppd) have major effects on the adaptability of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) to specific environments. ppd-d1a is a photoperiod insensitive allele that reduces time to flowering. the gibberellin (ga) insensitive alleles rht-b1b and rht-d1b shorten plant stature and were important components of the 'green revolution'. two additional rht-b1 alleles were recently identified that contain a 160 or 197 bp insertion upstream of the coding region and may affect ...	2013	23722594
individual and interactive effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on tropical wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars with special emphasis on ros generation and activation of antioxidant defence system.	the effects of elevated co2 and o3, singly and in combination were investigated on various physiological, biochemical and yield parameters of two locally grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars (huw-37 and k-9107) in open top chambers (otcs). elevated co2 stimulated photosynthetic rate (ps) and fv/fm ratio and reduced the stomatal conductance (gs). reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidative enzymes, ascorbic acid and total phenolics were higher, whereas ps, gs, fv/fm, prote ...	2013	23720888
characterization of differentially expressed stress-associated proteins in starch granule development under heat stress in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	abiotic stress causes abrupt increase in the expression of stress-associated proteins, which provide tolerance by modulating the defense mechanism of plants. small heat shock proteins (shsps) and anti-oxidant enzymes are important for environmental stress tolerance of the plants. in this study, two full-length cdnas encoding small heat shock protein (shsp) and superoxide dismutase (sod), designated as tashsp and sodi were identified and characterized from c-306 (thermotolerant) and pbw343 (therm ...	2013	23720887
how significant to plant n nutrition is the direct consumption of soil microbes by roots?	the high degree to which plant roots compete with soil microbes for organic forms of nitrogen (n) is becoming increasingly apparent. this has culminated in the finding that plants may consume soil microbes as a source of n, but the functional significance of this process remains unknown. we used (15) n- and (14) c-labelled cultures of soil bacteria to measure rates of acquisition of microbes by sterile wheat roots and plants growing in soil. we compared these rates with acquisition of (15) n del ...	2013	23718181
isohydric and anisohydric strategies of wheat genotypes under osmotic stress: biosynthesis and function of aba in stress responses.	changes in water potential (ψw), stomatal conductance, abscisic acid (aba) accumulation, expression of the major genes involved in aba biosynthesis, activities of abscisic aldehyde oxidase (ao, ec 1.2.3.1) and antioxidant enzymes were studied in two wheat cultivars with contrasting acclimation strategies subjected to medium strength osmotic stress (-0.976mpa) induced by polyethylene glycol (peg 6000). because the biosynthetic pathway of aba involves multiple gene products, the aim of this study ...	2013	23702247
overexpression of three taexpa1 homoeologous genes with distinct expression divergence in hexaploid wheat exhibit functional retention in arabidopsis.	common wheat is a hexaploid species with most of the genes present as triplicate homoeologs. expression divergences of homoeologs are frequently observed in wheat as well as in other polyploid plants. however, little is known about functional variances among homologous genes arising from polyploidy. expansins play diverse roles in plant developmental processes related to the action of cell wall loosening. expression of the three taexpa1 homoeologs varied dynamically at different stages and organ ...	2013	23696842
identification of a novel gene, h34, in wheat using recombinant inbred lines and single nucleotide polymorphism markers.	hessian fly (hf), mayetiola destructor, is an important pest of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. because it has multiple biotypes that are virulent to different wheat hf resistance genes, pyramiding multiple resistance genes in a cultivar can improve resistance durability, and finding dna markers tightly linked to these genes is essential to this process. this study identified quantitative trait loci (qtls) for hessian fly resistance (hfr) in the wheat cultivar 'clark' and tightly linked ...	2013	23689741
comparative analysis of the chloroplast proteomes of a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) single seed descent line and its parents.	to understand the photosynthetic basis in a single seed descent line 10 (ssdl10) of wheat contained high atp in leaves, the chloroplast proteome was compared to ssdl10 and its parents using a combination of 2-de and maldi-tof ms and ms/ms. more than 300 protein spots could be reproducibly detected in the 2d gel. 18 spots were differentially expressed between ssdl10 and the parents, 16 of which were identified by ms with the localization in chloroplasts. these proteins are grouped into diverse fu ...	2013	23683508
a wheat pi4k gene whose product possesses threonine autophophorylation activity confers tolerance to drought and salt in arabidopsis.	phosphoinositides are involved in regulation of recruitment and activity of signalling proteins in cell membranes. phosphatidylinositol (pi) 4-kinases (pi4ks) generate pi4-phosphate the precursor of regulatory phosphoinositides. no type ii pi4k research on the abiotic stress response has previously been reported in plants. a stress-inducible type ii pi4k gene, named tapi4kiiγ, was obtained by de novo transcriptome sequencing of drought-treated wheat (triticum aestivum). tapi4kiiγ, localized on t ...	2013	23682116
effect of consumption of micronutrient enriched wheat steamed bread on postprandial plasma glucose in healthy and type 2 diabetic subjects.	steamed wheat bread have previously been shown to induce comparatively high postprandial plasma glucose responses, on the contrary, buckwheat products induced lower postprandial plasma glucose. the present study was to assess the effects of micronutrient enriched bread wheat variety jizi439 and buckwheat on postprandial plasma glucose in healthy and diabetic subjects comparing with buckwheat and other bread wheat varieties.	2013	23680007
haplotype analysis of qtls attributed to salinity tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum).	a diverse collection of wheat germplasm, consisting of 100 bread wheat lines with varying levels of salinity tolerance were evaluated based on incomplete block design (lattice) with two replications in field conditions. plant material was screened for salinity tolerance under normal and saline field conditions. subsequently in order to assess the haplotype diversity of qtls attributed to salinity tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum), a collection of 30 extremes tolerant and sensitive genotypes ...	2013	23677711
relevance for food sciences of quantitative spatially resolved element profile investigations in wheat (triticum aestivum) grain.	bulk element concentrations of whole grain and element spatial distributions at the tissue level were investigated in wheat (triticum aestivum) grain grown in zn-enriched soil. inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were used for bulk analysis, whereas micro-proton-induced x-ray emission was used to resolve the two-dimensional localization of the elements. soil zn application did not significantly affect the grain yield, but did ...	2013	23676898
[development and study of spring bread wheat variety pamyati maystrenko with introgression of genetic material from synthetic hexaploid triticum timopheevii zhuk. x aegilops tauschii coss].	synthetic hexaploids are bridges for transferring new genes that determine resistance to stress factors from wild-type species to bread wheat. in the present work, the method of developing the spring bread wheat variety pamyati maystrenko and the results of its study are described. this variety was obtained using one of the immune lines produced earlier via the hybridization of the spring bread wheat variety saratovskaya 29 with the synthetic hexaploid t. timopheevii zhuk. x ae. tauschii coss. t ...	2013	23662428
a projection of ozone-induced wheat production loss in china and india for the years 2000 and 2020 with exposure-based and flux-based approaches.	using a high-resolution (40 × 40 km) chemical transport model coupled with the regional emission inventory in asia (reas), we simulated surface ozone concentrations ([o3 ]) and evaluated o3 -induced wheat production loss in china and india for the years 2000 and 2020 using dose-response functions based on aot40 (accumulated [o3 ] above 40 ppb) and pody (phytotoxic o3 dose, accumulated stomatal flux of o3 above a threshold of y nmol m(-2) s(-1) ). two o3 dose metrics (90 days aot40 and pod6 ) wer ...	2013	23661338
fine mapping taflw1, a major qtl controlling flag leaf width in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	flag leaf width (flw) is directly related to photosynthetic capacity and yield potential in wheat. in a previous study, qflw.nau-5a controlling flw was detected on chromosome 5a in the interval possessing fhb5 for type i fusarium head blight (fhb) resistance using a recombinant inbred line population derived from nanda2419 × wangshuibai.	2013	23661078
whole-genome mapping of agronomic and metabolic traits to identify novel quantitative trait loci in bread wheat grown in a water-limited environment.	drought is a major environmental constraint responsible for grain yield losses of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) in many parts of the world. progress in breeding to improve complex multigene traits, such as drought stress tolerance, has been limited by high sensitivity to environmental factors, low trait heritability, and the complexity and size of the hexaploid wheat genome. in order to obtain further insight into genetic factors that affect yield under drought, we measured the abundance of 20 ...	2013	23660834
genomic and chromosomal distribution patterns of various repeated dna sequences in wheat revealed by a fluorescence in situ hybridization procedure.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an allohexaploid, in which each of the three genomes has a high 1c content. this indicates the presence of multiple tandemly repeated sequences, which should be detectable using in situ hybridization. some repeats have already been described, but others remain to be recognized. to discover others, 2000 plasmid wheat clones were examined for signal presence after fluorescence in situ hybridization and microscopic signal observation. among them, 47 clones produced s ...	2013	23659696
ga-responsive dwarfing gene rht12 affects the developmental and agronomic traits in common bread wheat.	opportunities exist for replacing reduced height (rht) genes rht-b1b and rht-d1b with alternative dwarfing genes, such as the gibberellin-responsive gene rht12, for bread wheat improvement. however, a comprehensive understanding of the effects and mode of action of rht12 is lacking. in the present study, the effects of rht12 were characterized by analyzing its effects on seeding vigour, seedling roots, leaf and stem morphology, spike development and carbohydrate assimilation and distribution. th ...	2013	23658622
earliness per se qtls and their interaction with the photoperiod insensitive allele ppd-d1a in the cutler × ac barrie spring wheat population.	earliness per se regulates flowering time independent of environmental signals and helps to fine tune the time of flowering and maturity. in this study, we aimed to map earliness per se quantitative trait loci (qtls) affecting days to flowering and maturity in a population developed by crossing two spring wheat cultivars, cutler and ac barrie. the population of 177 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was genotyped for a total of 488 ssr and dart polymorphic markers on all 21 chromosomes. three qtls ...	2013	23649650
cloning of allene oxide cyclase gene from leymus mollis and analysis of its expression in wheat-leymus chromosome addition lines.	leymus mollis (triticeae; poaceae) is a useful genetic resource for wheat (triticum aestivum l.) breeding via wide hybridization to introduce its chromosomes and integrate its useful traits into wheat. leymus mollis is highly tolerant to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity and resistant to various diseases, but the genetic mechanisms controlling its physiological tolerance remain largely unexplored. we identified and cloned an allene oxide cyclase (aoc) gene from l. mollis that was str ...	2013	23641183
a major quantitative trait locus for cold-responsive gene expression is linked to frost-resistance gene fr-a2 in common wheat.	low temperature induces expression of cor (cold-responsive)/lea (late embryogenesis-abundant) gene family members through c-repeat binding factor (cbf) transcription factors in common wheat. however, the relationship between the genetic loci controlling cold-responsive gene expression and freezing tolerance is unclear. in expression quantitative trait locus (eqtl) analysis, accumulated transcripts of cor/lea and cbf genes were quantified in recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between t ...	2013	23641182
genetic dissection reveals effects of interaction between high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits and waxy alleles on dough-mixing properties in common wheat.	the glutenin and waxy loci of wheat are important determinants of dough quality. this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of high-molecular-weight glutenin (hmw-gs) and waxy alleles on dough-mixing properties. molecular mapping was used to investigate these effects on mixograph properties in a population of 290 (nuomai1 x gaocheng8901) recombinant inbred lines (rils) from three environments in the harvest years 2008, 2009 and 2011. the results indicated the following: (i) the glu-a1 and ...	2013	23640407
fast-tracking development of homozygous transgenic cereal lines using a simple and highly flexible real-time pcr assay.	a crucial step in the evaluation of newly produced transgenic plants is the selection of homozygous plants. here we describe an efficient and highly flexible real-time pcr-based method for the development of homozygous lines in plant models with complex (multiple) genomes and/or relatively long generation times (>3 months) using direct copy number determinations.	2013	23627847
the root cortex cell hydraulic conductivity is enhanced with increasing chromosome ploidy in wheat.	wheat (triticum spp.) root water uptake is enhanced with increasing chromosome ploidy, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. the leaf transpiration rate (e), individual root (lp(r)) and cortical cell (lp(c)) hydraulic conductivity, cortical cell volume (v(c)) and transcription levels of two putative plasma intrinsic aquaporin genes (pips) were investigated in wheat seedlings with different chromosome ploidy (triticum monococcum (2x, aa); triticum dicoccum (4x, bb); triticum aestivum (6x, aabb ...	2013	23624112
structural and physiological characterization during wheat pericarp development.	the cytological and physiological features of developing wheat pericarp were clearly characterized in this report. our results may be helpful to articulate the functions of pericarp during the seed development. although wheat pericarp has been well studied, knowledge of the sequence of events in the process of pericarp development is incomplete. in the present study, the structural development process of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) pericarp was investigated in detail using resin microtomy and m ...	2013	23615695
physical mapping integrated with syntenic analysis to characterize the gene space of the long arm of wheat chromosome 1a.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important crops worldwide and its production faces pressing challenges, the solution of which demands genome information. however, the large, highly repetitive hexaploid wheat genome has been considered intractable to standard sequencing approaches. therefore the international wheat genome sequencing consortium (iwgsc) proposes to map and sequence the genome on a chromosome-by-chromosome basis.	2013	23613713
in silico 3d structure prediction and hydrogen peroxide binding study of wheat catalase.	catalase (cat) is one of the most active enzyme catalysts found in plants, animals and in all aerobic microorganisms. the major function of the enzyme is to decompose h2o2, produced by cellular metabolic activities under normal and stressful conditions to water and oxygen. the present study involves 3d structure modeling of wheat catalase from triticum aestivum by modeller9v7 and its binding study with h2o2. the evaluation of the model was based on discrete optimized protein energy score (dope). ...	2013	23605643
comparative physiological response of wheat genotypes under terminal heat stress.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a staple food crop, is of great commercial importance. its production is restricted due to multiple environmental stresses. there are indications that the wheat production is consistently limited by terminal heat stress. previous studies revealed a varied response of different wheat genotypes under heat stress conditions. here, comparative physiological changes in wheat genotypes viz., dbw-140, raj-3765, pbw-574, k-0-307 and hs-240 were evaluated under timely and la ...	2013	23603954
characterization of γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism and oxidative damage in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings under salt and osmotic stress.	the molecular response of plants to abiotic stresses has been considered a process mainly involved in the modulation of transcriptional activity of stress-related genes. nevertheless, recent findings have suggested new layers of regulation and complexity. upstream molecular mechanisms are involved in the plant response to abiotic stress. plants gain resistance to abiotic stress by reprogramming metabolism and gene expression. gaba is proposed to be a signaling molecule involved in nitrogen metab ...	2013	23602379
molecular mechanisms of hmw glutenin subunits from 1s(l) genome of aegilops longissima positively affecting wheat breadmaking quality.	a wheat cultivar "chinese spring" chromosome substitution line cs-1s(l)(1b), in which the 1b chromosome was substituted by 1s(l) from aegilops longissima, was developed and found to possess superior dough and breadmaking quality. the molecular mechanism of its super quality conformation is studied in the aspects of high molecular glutenin genes, protein accumulation patterns, glutenin polymeric proteins, protein bodies, starch granules, and protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) and pdi-like protein ...	2013	23593125
enzyme affinity to cell types in wheat straw (triticum aestivum l.) before and after hydrothermal pretreatment.	wheat straw used for bioethanol production varies in enzymatic digestibility according to chemical structure and composition of cell walls and tissues. in this work, the two biologically different wheat straw organs, leaves and stems, are described together with the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment on chemical composition, tissue structure, enzyme adhesion and digestion. to highlight the importance of inherent cell wall characteristics and the diverse effects of mechanical disruption and bio ...	2013	23590820
roles for blue light, jasmonate and nitric oxide in the regulation of dormancy and germination in wheat grain (triticum aestivum l.).	abscisic acid (aba) plays a central role in seed dormancy and transcriptional regulation of genes coding for aba biosynthetic and degradation enzymes is responsible for control of aba content. however, little is known about signalling both before and after aba regulation, in particular, how environmental signals are perceived and transduced. we are interested in these processes in cereal grains, particularly in relation to the development of strategies for controlling pre-harvest sprouting in ba ...	2013	23588419
soil moisture dynamics modeling considering multi-layer root zone.	the moisture uptake by plant from soil is a key process for plant growth and movement of water in the soil-plant system. a non-linear root water uptake (rwu) model was developed for a multi-layer crop root zone. the model comprised two parts: (1) model formulation and (2) moisture flow prediction. the developed model was tested for its efficiency in predicting moisture depletion in a non-uniform root zone. a field experiment on wheat (triticum aestivum) was conducted in the sub-temperate sub-hum ...	2013	23579833
snping aegilops tauschii genetic diversity and the birthplace of bread wheat.		2013	23577596
the genetic study utility of a hexaploid wheat dh population with non-recombinant a- and b-genomes.	to study the d-genome of the wild wheat relative aegilops tauschii cosson at the hexaploid level, we developed a synthetic doubled-haploid (dh) hexaploid wheat population, syndh3. this population was derived from the spontaneous chromosome doubling of triploid f1 hybrid plants obtained from a cross between triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccon pi377655 and a. tauschii ssp. strangulata as66 × ssp. tauschii as87. syndh3 is a diploidization-hexaploid dh population containing recombinant d chromosomes fro ...	2013	23577301
functional characterisation of wheat pgip genes reveals their involvement in the local response to wounding.	polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) are cell wall leucine-rich repeat (lrr) proteins involved in plant defence. the hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, genome aabbdd) genome contains one pgip gene per genome. tapgip1 (b genome) and tapgip2 (d genome) are expressed in all tissues, whereas tapgip3 (a genome) is inactive because of a long terminal repeat, copia retrotransposon insertion within the coding region. to verify whether tapgip1 and tapgip2 encode active pgips and are involved in ...	2013	23574379
identification of qtls associated with seedling root traits and their correlation with plant height in wheat.	genetic relationships between plant height and root morphology were investigated in a diverse set of wheat germplasm [199 double-haploid progeny derived from a cross between avalon and cadenza (triticum aestivum l.), rht near-isogenic lines (nils), and accessions from the watkins collection] to investigate whether rht genes controlling shoot height also control seedling root growth. a germination paper screen was developed to measure seedling root length (distinguishing seminal axes from seminal ...	2013	23564959
the effect of two differentially expressed wheat vrn-b1 alleles on the heading time is associated with structural variation in the first intron.	we measured the level of vrn-b1 transcripts within near-isogenic lines of triticum aestivum cultivar 'bezostaya 1' carrying two vrn-b1 alleles from cultivars 'saratovskaya 29' and 'diamant 2' (vrn-b1c and vrn-b1a, respectively). both lines have similar kinetics of vrn-b1 transcript accumulation at the third to fifth leaf stages. however, quantitative pcr analysis at the third leaf stage showed that the vrn-b1c allele was transcribed 10 times faster than the vrn-b1a allele. the f1 hybrid between ...	2013	23564445
strategy for exploiting exotic germplasm using genetic, morphological, and environmental diversity: the aegilops tauschii coss. example.	hexaploid bread wheat evolved from a rare hybridisation, which resulted in a loss of genetic diversity in the wheat d-genome with respect to the ancestral donor, aegilops tauschii. novel genetic variation can be introduced into modern wheat by recreating the above hybridisation; however, the information associated with the ae. tauschii accessions in germplasm collections is limited, making rational selection of accessions into a re-synthesis programme difficult. we describe methodologies to iden ...	2013	23558983
integration of mate pair sequences to improve shotgun assemblies of flow-sorted chromosome arms of hexaploid wheat.	the assembly of the bread wheat genome sequence is challenging due to allohexaploidy and extreme repeat content (>80%). isolation of single chromosome arms by flow sorting can be used to overcome the polyploidy problem, but the repeat content cause extreme assembly fragmentation even at a single chromosome level. long jump paired sequencing data (mate pairs) can help reduce assembly fragmentation by joining multiple contigs into single scaffolds. the aim of this work was to assess how mate pair ...	2013	23557231
haplotype dictionary for the rht-1 loci in wheat.	the introduction of reduced height (rht)-b1b and rht-d1b into bread wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties was a key component of the 'green revolution' and today these alleles are the primary sources of semi-dwarfism in wheat. the rht-1 loci encode della proteins, which are transcription factors that affect plant growth and stress tolerance. in bread wheat, rht-d1b and rht-b1b influence resistance to the disease fusarium head blight. to identify rht-1 variants, locus specific primers were develope ...	2013	23553443
metabolic indicators of drought stress tolerance in wheat: glutamine synthetase isoenzymes and rubisco.	drought stress has a considerable impact on the ecosystem and agriculture. continuous water deficit induces early leaf senescence in plants. during this process, chloroplasts are degraded and photosynthesis drastically drops. the objective of this investigation was to look into the regulation of nitrogen and carbon metabolism during water deficit. rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; ec 4.1.1.39) and the total protein contents inform us of the sink-source relation in plants. ...	2013	23542183
fate of cuo and zno nano- and microparticles in the plant environment.	the environmental fate of metal oxide particles as a function of size was assessed by comparing the behavior of cuo or zno nanoparticles (nps) to that of the corresponding microparticles (mps) in a sand matrix, with and without wheat (triticum aestivum l.) growth. after 14 days of incubation in the planted sand, the cuo and zno nps were increased from their nominal sizes of <50 nm and <100 nm, to ~317 nm and ~483 nm, respectively. accordingly, the negative surface charge of colloids present in a ...	2013	23540424
novel insights into the composition, variation, organization, and expression of the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene family in common wheat.	low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs), encoded by a complex multigene family, play an important role in the processing quality of wheat flour. although members of this gene family have been identified in several wheat varieties, the allelic variation and composition of lmw-gs genes in common wheat are not well understood. in the present study, using the lmw-gs gene molecular marker system and the full-length gene cloning method, a comprehensive molecular analysis of lmw-gs genes was co ...	2013	23536608
draft genome of the wheat a-genome progenitor triticum urartu.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum, aabbdd) is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed food crops in the world. however, the complex polyploid nature of its genome makes genetic and functional analyses extremely challenging. the a genome, as a basic genome of bread wheat and other polyploid wheats, for example, t. turgidum (aabb), t. timopheevii (aagg) and t. zhukovskyi (aagga(m)a(m)), is central to wheat evolution, domestication and genetic improvement. the progenitor species of the a genome ...	2013	23535596
aegilops tauschii draft genome sequence reveals a gene repertoire for wheat adaptation.	about 8,000 years ago in the fertile crescent, a spontaneous hybridization of the wild diploid grass aegilops tauschii (2n = 14; dd) with the cultivated tetraploid wheat triticum turgidum (2n = 4x = 28; aabb) resulted in hexaploid wheat (t. aestivum; 2n = 6x = 42; aabbdd). wheat has since become a primary staple crop worldwide as a result of its enhanced adaptability to a wide range of climates and improved grain quality for the production of baker's flour. here we describe sequencing the ae. ta ...	2013	23535592
molecular characterisation of the amino- and carboxyl-domains in different glu-a1x alleles of triticum urartu thum. ex gandil.	the wild diploid wheat (triticum urartu thum. ex gandil.) is a potential gene source for wheat breeding, as this species has been identified as the a-genome donor in polyploid wheats. one important wheat breeding trait is bread-making quality, which is associated in bread wheat (t. aestivum ssp. aestivum l. em. thell.) with the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. in t. urartu, these proteins are encoded by the glu-a1x and glu-a1ay genes at the glu-a (u) 1 locus. the glu-a1x genes of 12 glu- ...	2013	23525634
qtl for root angle and number in a population developed from bread wheats (triticum aestivum) with contrasting adaptation to water-limited environments.	root architecture traits in wheat are important in deep soil moisture acquisition and may be used to improve adaptation to water-limited environments. the genetic architecture of two root traits, seminal root angle and seminal root number, were investigated using a doubled haploid population derived from serim82 and hartog. multiple novel quantitative trait loci (qtl) were identified, each one having a modest effect. for seminal root angle, four qtl (-log10(p) >3) were identified on 2a, 3d, 6a a ...	2013	23525632
alveograph and mixolab parameters associated with puroindoline-d1 genes in chinese winter wheats.	grain texture is one of the most important characteristics of bread wheat and has a significant influence on end-use qualities.	2013	23519461
diversification of the duplicated f3h genes in triticeae.	the f3h gene encodes the flavonoid synthesis enzyme flavanone 3-hydroxylase. unlike most plant genomes, the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) b genome has two, rather than just one f3h copy. the paralogous f3h-b2 sequence was isolated by pcr and shown to be transcribed, but its predicted polypeptide differed from the typical f3h sequence at a number of the conserved residues associated with its putative substrate-binding sites. the f3h-b2 promoter region was highly divergent from that of f3h-b1 ...	2013	23503816
structural characterization of flavonoid glycosides from leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using lc/ms/ms profiling of the target compounds.	the aim of this study was to present integrated mass spectrometric methods for the structural characterization and identification of flavonoid glycoconjugates. during the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses, triversa nanomate chip-based system with nanoelectrospray ionization and fraction collection was combined to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. in the extract samples prepared from green leaves of wheat plantlets, 41 flavonoid derivatives were recognized. part of the ...	2013	23494788
can root electrical capacitance be used to predict root mass in soil?	electrical capacitance, measured between an electrode inserted at the base of a plant and an electrode in the rooting substrate, is often linearly correlated with root mass. electrical capacitance has often been used as an assay for root mass, and is conventionally interpreted using an electrical model in which roots behave as cylindrical capacitors wired in parallel. recent experiments in hydroponics show that this interpretation is incorrect and a new model has been proposed. here, the new mod ...	2013	23493014
molecular cytological characterization of two novel durum--thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploids with resistance to leaf rust, stem rust and fusarium head blight.	thinopyrum intermedium, a wild relative of wheat, is an excellent source of disease resistance. two novel partial amphiploids, 08-47-50 and 08-53-55 (2n = 6x = 42), were developed from wide crosses between durum wheat and th. intermedium. meiotic analysis showed that pollen mother cells of the two partial amphiploids formed an average 20.49 bivalents for 08-47-50 and 20.67 bivalents for 08-53-55, indicating that they are basically cytologically stable. gish analysis revealed that the two partial ...	2013	23489247
proteogenomic characterization of novel x-type high molecular weight glutenin subunit 1ax1.1.	analysis of portuguese wheat (triticum aestivum l.) landrace 'barbela' revealed the existence of a new x-type high molecular weight-glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) encoded at the glu-a1 locus, which we named 1ax1.1. using one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we compared subunit 1ax1.1 with other subunits encoded at the glu-a1 locus. subunit 1ax1.1 has a theoretical molecular weight of 93,648 da (or 91,508 da for the mature protein) and an isoelectric point (pi) of ...	2013	23478438
systems genetics of environmental response in the mature wheat embryo.	quantitative phenotypic traits are influenced by genetic and environmental variables as well as the interaction between the two. underlying genetic × environment interaction is the influence that the surrounding environment exerts on gene expression. perturbation of gene expression by environmental factors manifests itself in alterations to gene co-expression networks and ultimately in phenotypic plasticity. comparative gene co-expression networks have been used to uncover biological mechanisms ...	2013	23475987