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the tir domain containing locus of enterococcus faecalis is predominant among urinary tract infection isolates and downregulates host inflammatory response.based on toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain structure homology, we detected a previously uncharacterized gene encoding for a tir domain containing protein (tcp) in the genome of enterococcus faecalis. we assigned this gene the name tcpf (as in tcp of e. faecalis). screening of e. faecalis samples revealed that tcpf is more common in isolates from urinary tract infections (utis) than in human faecal flora. tcpf alleles showed moderate single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) among uti isolates. ...201425147569
endoe from enterococcus faecalis hydrolyzes the glycans of the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin and mediates growth.glycosidases are widespread among bacteria. the opportunistic human pathogen enterococcus faecalis encodes several putative glycosidases but little is known about their functions. the identified endo-β-n-acetylglucosaminidase endoe has activity on the n-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin g (igg). in this report we identified the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hlf) as a new substrate for endoe. hydrolysis of the n-glycans from hlf was investigated using lectin blot, uhplc and mass spectr ...201424608122
determination of kinetics and the crystal structure of a novel type 2 isopentenyl diphosphate: dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase from streptococcus pneumoniae.isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (idi) is a key enzyme in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway and is required for all organisms that synthesize isoprenoid metabolites from mevalonate. type 1 idi (idi-1) is a metalloprotein that is found in eukaryotes, whereas the type 2 isoform (idi-2) is a flavoenzyme found in bacteria that is completely absent from human. idi-2 from the pathogenic bacterium streptococcus pneumoniae was recombinantly expressed in escherichia coli. steady-state kinetic studies ...201424910111
prevalence of antibacterial resistant bacterial contaminants from mobile phones of hospital inpatients.mobile phones contaminated with bacteria may act as fomites. antibiotic resistant bacterial contamination of mobile phones of inpatients was studied. one hundred and six samples were collected from mobile phones of patients admitted in various hospitals in jazan province of saudi arabia. eighty-nine (83.9%) out of 106 mobile phones were found to be contaminated with bacteria. fifty-two (49.0%) coagulase-negative staphylococcus, 12 (11.3%) staphylococcus aureus, 7 (6.6%) enterobacter cloacae, 3 ( ...201425292217
persistence of microbial communities including pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital environment: a potential health hazard.the persistence of microbial communities and how they change in indoor environments is of immense interest to public health. moreover, hospital acquired infections are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality. evidence suggests that, in hospital environments agent transfer between surfaces causes healthcare associated infections in humans, and that surfaces are an important transmission route and may act as a reservoir for some of the pathogens.this study aimed to evaluate the diversi ...201424885173
new insights into the antimicrobial effect of mast cells against enterococcus faecalis.enterococcus faecalis has emerged as an important cause of life-threatening multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in the hospital setting. the pathogenesis of enterococcal infections has remained a relatively neglected field despite their obvious clinical relevance. the objective of this study was to characterize the interactions between mast cells (mcs), an innate immune cell population abundant in the intestinal lamina propria, and e. faecalis. this study was conducted with primary bone mar ...201425114115
inefficient translation renders the enterococcus faecalis fabk enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase phenotypically cryptic.enoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase catalyzes the last step of the bacterial fatty acid elongation cycle. enterococcus faecalis is unusual in that it encodes two unrelated enoyl-acp reductases, fabi and fabk. we recently reported that deletion of the gene encoding fabi results in an unsaturated fatty acid (ufa) auxotroph despite the presence of fabk, a gene encoding a second fully functional enoyl-acp reductase. by process of elimination, our prior report argued that poor expression was t ...201424163335
a rex family transcriptional repressor influences h2o2 accumulation by enterococcus faecalis.rex factors are bacterial transcription factors thought to respond to the cellular nad(+)/nadh ratio in order to modulate gene expression by differentially binding dna. to date, rex factors have been implicated in regulating genes of central metabolism, oxidative stress response, and biofilm formation. the genome of enterococcus faecalis, a low-gc gram-positive opportunistic pathogen, encodes ef2638, a putative rex factor. to study the role of e. faecalis rex, we purified ef2638 and evaluated it ...201323417491
mechanisms of allosteric activation and inhibition of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase from enterococcus faecalis.ef1143 from enterococcus faecalis, a life-threatening pathogen that is resistant to common antibiotics, is a homo-tetrameric deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dntp) triphosphohydrolase (dntpase), converting dntps into the deoxyribonucleosides and triphosphate. the dntpase activity of ef1143 is regulated by canonical dntps, which simultaneously act as substrates and activity modulators. previous crystal structures of apo-ef1143 and the protein bound to both dgtp and datp suggested allosteric regu ...201324338016
the impact of inappropriate antibiotics on bacteremia patients in a community hospital in taiwan: an emphasis on the impact of referral information for cases from a hospital affiliated nursing home.evidence for the impact of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy on bacteremia is mainly from studies in medical centers. we investigated the impact of inappropriate antimicrobial therapy on bacteremia in a community hospital. in particular, patients from the hospital's affiliated nursing home were sent to the hospital with adequate referral information.201324156241
potent oxazolidinone antibacterials with heteroaromatic c-ring substructure.novel oxazolidinone analogues bearing a condensed heteroaromatic ring as the c-ring substructure were synthesized as candidate antibacterial agents. analogues 16 and 21 bearing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and 18 and 23 bearing [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine as the c-ring had excellent in vitro antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vre), and penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae (prsp). they also showed ...201324900607
novel carbapenem antibiotics for parenteral and oral applications: in vitro and in vivo activities of 2-aryl carbapenems and their pharmacokinetics in laboratory animals.sm-295291 and sm-369926 are new parenteral 2-aryl carbapenems with strong activity against major causative pathogens of community-acquired infections such as methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae (including penicillin-resistant strains), streptococcus pyogenes, enterococcus faecalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae (including β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains), and neisseria gonorrhoeae (including ciprofloxaci ...201323147735
antimicrobial activity of amazonian medicinal plants.the aqueous extracts of currently utilized amazonian medicinal plants were assayed in vitro searching for antimicrobial activity against human and animal pathogenic microorganisms.201323961431
impact of chlorine dioxide gas sterilization on nosocomial organism viability in a hospital room.to evaluate the ability of clo2 to decontaminate pathogens known to cause healthcare-associated infections in a hospital room strains of acinetobacter baumannii, escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, mycobacterium smegmatis, and staphylococcus aureus were spot placed in duplicate pairs at 10 sites throughout a hospital room and then exposed to clo2 gas. organisms were collected and evaluated for reduction in colony forming units following gas exposure. six sterilization cycles with varied gas ...201323792697
surveillance of multidrug resistant uropathogenic bacteria in hospitalized patients in indian.to record surveillance, antibiotic resistance of uropathogens of hospitalized patients over a period of 18 months.201323620859
infectious risk assessment of unsafe handling practices and management of clinical solid waste.the present study was undertaken to determine the bacterial agents present in various clinical solid wastes, general waste and clinical sharp waste. the waste was collected from different wards/units in a healthcare facility in penang island, malaysia. the presence of bacterial agents in clinical and general waste was determined using the conventional bacteria identification methods. several pathogenic bacteria including opportunistic bacterial agent such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella sp ...201323435587
pang, a new ketopantoate reductase involved in pantothenate synthesis.pantothenate, commonly referred to as vitamin b(5), is an essential molecule in the metabolism of living organisms and forms the core of coenzyme a. unlike humans, some bacteria and plants are capable of de novo biosynthesis of pantothenate, making this pathway a potential target for drug development. francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis schu s4 is a zoonotic bacterial pathogen that is able to synthesize pantothenate but is lacking the known ketopantoate reductase (kpr) genes, pane and ilvc, ...201323243306
association with soil bacteria enhances p38-dependent infection resistance in caenorhabditis elegans.the importance of our inner microbial communities for proper immune responses against invading pathogens is now well accepted, but the mechanisms underlying this protection are largely unknown. in this study, we used caenorhabditis elegans to investigate such mechanisms. since very little is known about the microbes interacting with c. elegans in its natural environment, we began by taking the first steps to characterize the c. elegans microbiota. we established a natural-like environment in whi ...201323230286
trag encoded by the pip501 type iv secretion system is a two domain peptidoglycan degrading enzyme essential for conjugative transfer.pip501 is a conjugative broad-host-range plasmid frequently present in nosocomial enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolates. we focus here on the functional analysis of the type iv secretion gene trag which was found to be essential for pip501 conjugative transfer between gram-positive bacteria. the trag protein, which localizes to the cell envelope of e. faecalis harboring pip501, was expressed and purified without its n-terminal transmembrane helix (tragδtmh) and shown to possess ...201323913323
pilin and sortase residues critical for endocarditis- and biofilm-associated pilus biogenesis in enterococcus faecalis.enterococci commonly cause hospital-acquired infections such as infective endocarditis and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. in animal models of these infections, a long hair like extracellular protein fiber known as the endocarditis- and biofilm-associated (ebp) pilus is an important virulence factor for enterococcus faecalis. for ebp and other sortase-assembled pili, the pilus-associated sortases are essential for fiber formation as they create covalent isopeptide bonds between the ...201323913319
transplantation-associated long-term immunosuppression promotes oral colonization by potentially opportunistic pathogens without impacting other members of the salivary bacteriome.solid-organ transplant recipients rely on pharmacological immunosuppression to prevent allograft rejection. the effect of such chronic immunosuppression on the microflora at mucosal surfaces is not known. we evaluated the salivary bacterial microbiome of 20 transplant recipients and 19 nonimmunosuppressed controls via 454 pyrosequencing of 16s rrna gene amplicons. alpha-diversity and global community structure did not differ between transplant and control subjects. however, principal coordinate ...201323616410
prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria from milkmen and cows with clinical mastitis in and around kampala, uganda.identification of pathogens associated with bovine mastitis is helpful in treatment and management decisions. however, such data from sub-saharan africa is scarce. here we describe the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria from cows with clinical mastitis in kampala, uganda. due to high concern of zoonotic infections, isolates from milkmen are also described.201323667611
candida albicans and enterococcus faecalis in the gut: synergy in commensalism?the fungus candida albicans and the gram-positive bacterium enterococcus faecalis are both normal residents of the human gut microbiome and cause opportunistic disseminated infections in immunocompromised individuals. using a nematode infection model, we recently showed that co-infection resulted in less pathology and less mortality than infection with either species alone and this was partly explained by an interkingdom signaling event in which a bacterial-derived product inhibits hyphal morpho ...201323941906
in vitro antibacterial efficacy of 21 indian timber-yielding plants against multidrug-resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infection.to screen methanolic leaf extracts of 21 timber-yielding plants for antibacterial activity against nine species of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples of a hospital (enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, acinetobacter baumannii, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa).201324524024
characteristics of urinary tract infection pathogens and their in vitro susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in china: data from a multicenter study.this study assessed the characteristics of pathogens identified in clinical isolates from patients with urinary tract infection (uti) and their in vitro sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics in the clinical setting in china.201324334199
the antimicrobial activity of lapachol and its thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone derivatives.lapachol was chemically modified to obtain its thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone derivatives. these compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against several bacteria and fungi by the broth microdilution method. the thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone derivatives of lapachol exhibited antimicrobial activity against the bacteria enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus aureus with minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 0.05 and 0.10 µmol/ml, respectively. the thiosemicarbazone and s ...201323778660
adaptation of enterococcus faecalis to daptomycin reveals an ordered progression to resistance.with increasing numbers of hospital-acquired antibiotic resistant infections each year and staggering health care costs, there is a clear need for new antimicrobial agents, as well as novel strategies to extend their clinical efficacy. while genomic studies have provided a wealth of information about the alleles associated with adaptation to antibiotics, they do not provide essential information about the relative importance of genomic changes, their order of appearance, or potential epistatic r ...201323959318
enterococcus faecalis inhibits hyphal morphogenesis and virulence of candida albicans.the gram-positive bacterium enterococcus faecalis and the fungus candida albicans are both found as commensals in many of the same niches of the human body, such as the oral cavity and gastrointestinal (gi) tract. however, both are opportunistic pathogens and have frequently been found to be coconstituents of polymicrobial infections. despite these features in common, there has been little investigation into whether these microbes affect one another in a biologically significant manner. using a ...201323115035
enterococcus faecalis utilizes maltose by connecting two incompatible metabolic routes via a novel maltose 6'-phosphate phosphatase (mapp).similar to bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis transports and phosphorylates maltose via a phosphoenolpyruvate (pep):maltose phosphotransferase system (pts). the maltose-specific pts permease is encoded by the malt gene. however, e. faecalis lacks a mala gene encoding a 6-phospho-α-glucosidase, which in b. subtilis hydrolyses maltose 6'-p into glucose and glucose 6-p. instead, an operon encoding a maltose phosphorylase (malp), a phosphoglucomutase and a mutarotase starts upstream from malt. ...201323490043
evaluation of the nanosphere verigene gram-positive blood culture assay with the versatrek blood culture system and assessment of possible impact on selected patients.the verigene gram-positive blood culture (bc-gp) assay (nanosphere, northbrook, il) is a molecular method for the rapid identification of gram-positive organisms and resistance markers directly from blood culture bottles. a total of 148 versatrek redox 1 40-ml aerobic bottles demonstrating gram-positive bacteria were tested. results were compared with those from conventional biochemical and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) identifications. we obtained isolat ...201324048531
enterococcus faecalis inhibits superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin-1-induced interleukin-8 from human vaginal epithelial cells through tetramic acids.the vaginal mucosa can be colonized by many bacteria including commensal organisms and potential pathogens, such as staphylococcus aureus. some strains of s. aureus produce the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, which can penetrate the vaginal epithelium to cause toxic shock syndrome. we have observed that a female was mono-colonized with enterococcus faecalis vaginally as tested in aerobic culture, even upon repeated culture for six months, suggesting this organism was negatively influe ...201323613823
retrospective study of microorganisms associated with vascular access infections in hemodialysis patients.the aim of this study was to assess microorganisms associated with vascular access-associated infections (vais) in hemodialysis patients, with respect to possible origin from the mouth.201323217535
rapid detection of gram-positive organisms by use of the verigene gram-positive blood culture nucleic acid test and the bact/alert pediatric fan system in a multicenter pediatric evaluation.assays that expedite the reporting of organism identification and antibiotic susceptibility status in positive blood cultures can fast track interventions that improve clinical outcomes. we evaluated the verigene gram-positive blood culture nucleic acid test (bc-gp) in two pediatric hospitals. positive bact/alert pediatric fan blood cultures with gram-positive organisms were tested using the bc-gp in tandem with routine laboratory procedures. to test organisms underrepresented in the clinical bl ...201323966484
[surveillance of bacterial distribution and drug resistance in inpatients with surgical infections: a single center study].to investigate the bacterial distribution and drug resistance in patients with surgical infections, and provide the basis for the standardization treatment of the surgical infection.201324256585
[analysis of resistance tendency of bloodstream-infecting pathogens in china].to investigate the resistance profiles and the trend of bloodstream-infecting pathogens isolated from hospitalized patients during 2004-2010.201324103203
evaluation of humoral immune response to nosocomial pathogen and functional status in elderly patients with sepsis.the clinical significance of humoral immune response to nosocomial pathogens and functional status in elderly patients with sepsis is not clear. we evaluated the humoral immune to nosocomial pathogens and the effect of functional dependencies on clinical outcomes among elderly patients with sepsis. this study prospectively enrolled patients aged ≥65 years with sepsis from september 2011 to may 2012 at a 2000-bed university hospital. the data including cd4 and cd8 t-cell count, functional status ...201323998496
lysozyme-encapsulated gold nanocluster-based affinity mass spectrometry for pathogenic bacteria.bacterial infections can be difficult to treat and can lead to irreversible damage to patients if proper treatment is not provided in time. additionally, the emerging threat from antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains makes medical treatment even more difficult. thus, rapid identification of infected bacterial strains is essential to assist diagnostics and medical treatment.201323996387
antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria collected from countries in eastern europe: results from the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (t.e.s.t.) 2004-2010.the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (t.e.s.t.) commenced in 2004 to longitudinally monitor global changes in bacterial susceptibility to a suite of antimicrobial agents. the current study examined the activity of tigecycline and comparators against isolates collected across eastern europe between 2004 and 2010. minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) broth microdilution methodologies. antimicrobial susceptibility wa ...201323590898
development of quantitative pcr assays targeting the 16s rrna genes of enterococcus spp. and their application to the identification of enterococcus species in environmental samples.the detection of environmental enterococci has been determined primarily by using culture-based techniques that might exclude some enterococcal species as well as those that are nonculturable. to address this, the relative abundances of enterococci were examined by challenging fecal and water samples against a currently available genus-specific assay (entero1). to determine the diversity of enterococcal species, 16s rrna gene-based group-specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays were developed and ...201323087032
the effect of different root canal medicaments on the elimination of enterococcus faecalis ex vivo.the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine gel (chx-g) 2%, chlorhexidine powder (chx-p) 1%, povidone-iodine (pvp-i), polyhexanide and camphorated-and-mentholated chlorophenol (chkm) ex vivo.201324932119
utilization of major fucosylated and sialylated human milk oligosaccharides by isolated human gut microbes.human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) are not digested in the proximal intestine. in distal intestine, hmos collectively modify the microbiota, but the response of individual bacteria to individual components of the hmos is not well defined. here, each of 25 major isolates of the human intestinal microbiota was fed individual major fucosylated and sialylated hmos in anaerobic culture. this allowed for an assessment of the influence of specific hmos on the growth and metabolic products of individual ...201324013960
catalytic domain of plasmid pad1 relaxase trax defines a group of relaxases related to restriction endonucleases.plasmid pad1 is a 60-kb conjugative element commonly found in clinical isolates of enterococcus faecalis. the relaxase trax and the primary origin of transfer orit2 are located close to each other and have been shown to be essential for conjugation. the orit2 site contains a large inverted repeat (where the nic site is located) adjacent to a series of short direct repeats. trax does not show any of the typical relaxase sequence motifs but is the prototype of a unique family of relaxases (mobc). ...201323904483
antimicrobial activity of pure platelet-rich plasma against microorganisms isolated from oral cavity.autologous platelet concentrates (pcs) have been extensively used in a variety of medical fields to promote soft and hard tissue regeneration. the significance behind their use lies in the abundance of growth factors in platelets α-granules that promotes wound healing. in addition, antibacterial properties of pcs against various bacteria have been recently pointed out. in this study, the antimicrobial effect of pure platelet-rich plasma (p-prp) was evaluated against oral cavity microorganisms su ...201323442413
polymicrobial bloodstream infections: epidemiology and impact on mortality.the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of polymicrobial bloodstream infections (pbsis) on the outcome of sepsis in an area where antimicrobial resistance is of concern. this was a retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively from patients developing bsi outside of an intensive care unit (non-icu patients) or after icu admission. demographics and clinical characteristics were compared for patients with pbsi versus monomicrobial bsi (mbsi) and following stratification by icu ...201327873614
pseudomonas putida strain fstm2 isolated from shark skin: a potential source of bacteriocin.bacteriocin-producing pseudomonas putida strain fstm2 isolated from shark showed broad range of antibacterial activity against all pathogens tested except bacillus subtilis atcc11774, mrsa n32064, proteus mirabilis atcc12453, enterococcus faecalis atcc14506, salmonella typhimurium atcc51312, salmonella mutan atcc25175, and aeromonas hydrophila wbf314. of the three growth media tested in this study, tsb was observed to support the bacteriocin activity the most. while the highest bacteriocin activ ...201326782985
in vitro evaluation of the risk of inducing bacterial resistance to disinfection treatment with photolysis of hydrogen peroxide.the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the risk of inducing bacterial resistance to disinfection treatment with photolysis of h2o2 and comparing this with existing antibacterial agents. we tested seven antibacterial agents, including amoxicillin, cefepime hydrochloride, erythromycin, ofloxacin, clindamycin hydrochloride, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, and minocycline hydrochloride, as positive controls for validation of the assay protocol. for all of the agents tested, at least one of th ...201324282582
microwave assisted synthesis of dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones; synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer activities of novel coumarin substituted dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones.the present article describes the synthesis of dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (2a-h) under microwave irradiation. the product was obtained in excellent yield (74-94%) in a shorter reaction time (2 min). these molecules (2a, b) further reacted with various substituted 4-bromomethylcoumarins (3a-f) to yield a new series of coumarin substituted dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones (4a-h). the structure of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral studies an ...201324056147
purification and biochemical characterization of a highly thermostable bacteriocin isolated from brevibacillus brevis strain gm100.a bacteriocin-producing (11,000 au ml(-1)) strain was isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy algerian plants ononis angustissima lam., and identified as brevibacillus brevis strain gm100. the bacteriocin, called bac-gm100, was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant, and, based on maldi-tof/ms analysis, was a monomer protein with a molecular mass of 4375.66 da. the 21 n-terminal residues of bac-gm100 displayed 65% homology with thurincin h from bacillus thuringiensis. bac-gm100 wa ...201323291759
antibacterial efficacy of a human β-defensin-3 peptide on multispecies biofilms.the aggregation of mixed bacterial flora into sessile biofilms on root canal surfaces can be one of the causes of persistent apical periodontitis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of human β-defensin-3 (hbd3) peptide on multispecies biofilms by using confocal laser scanning microscopy.201324238461
photodynamic biofilm inactivation by sapyr--an exclusive singlet oxygen photosensitizer.prevention and control of biofilm-growing microorganisms are serious problems in public health due to increasing resistances of some pathogens against antimicrobial drugs and the potential of these microorganisms to cause severe infections in patients. therefore, alternative approaches that are capable of killing pathogens are needed to supplement standard treatment modalities. one alternative is the photodynamic inactivation of bacteria (pib). the lethal effect of pib is based on the principle ...201323891675
effect of metalloporphyrins on red autofluorescence from oral bacteria.the aim of this study was to assess the red autofluorescence from bacterial species related to dental caries and periodontitis in the presence of different nutrients in the growth medium. bacteria were grown anaerobically on tryptic soy agar (tsa) supplemented with nutrients, including magnesium-porphyrins from spinach and iron-porphyrins from heme. the autofluorescence was then assessed at 405 nm excitation. on the tsa without additives, no autofluorescence was observed from any of the species ...201323659237
antimicrobial activity of isothiocyanates (itcs) extracted from horseradish (armoracia rusticana) root against oral microorganisms.the antimicrobial activity of isothiocyanates (itcs) extracted from horseradish root was investigated against oral microorganisms: 6 strains of facultative anaerobic bacteria, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sobrinus, lactobacillus casei, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; one strain of yeast, candida albicans, and 3 strains of anaerobic bacteria, fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella nigrescens, and clostridium perfringens. the itcs extract ...201324077540
comparing the efficacy of hyper-pure chlorine-dioxide with other oral antiseptics on oral pathogen microorganisms and biofilm in vitro.this study examines the antibacterial properties of sodium hypochlorite (naocl), chlorhexidine gluconate (chx), listerine®, and high purity chlorine dioxide (solumium, clo2) on selected common oral pathogen microorganisms and on dental biofilm in vitro. antimicrobial activity of oral antiseptics was compared to the gold standard phenol. we investigated streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus acidophilus, enterococcus faecalis, veillonella alcalescens, eikenella corrodens, actinobacillus actinomycete ...201324060558
biological approach to synthesize tio2 nanoparticles using aeromonas hydrophila and its antibacterial activity.nanosized materials have been an important subject in basic and applied sciences. a novel, low-cost, green and reproducible bacteria, aeromonas hydrophila mediated biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio2 nps) was reported. the resulting nanoparticles were characterized by ftir, xrd, afm and fesem with edx. ftir showed characteristic bands (1643 and 3430 cm(-1)) finds the role of carboxyl group oh stretching amine nh stretch in the formation of tio2 nps. the xrd spectrum confirmed th ...201323416912
tissue distribution, expression, and antimicrobial activity of anas platyrhynchos avian β-defensin 6.in this study, a novel avian β-defensin (avbd) was isolated from the chaohu duck. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene contained a 204-bp open reading frame that encoded 67 amino acids (aa), including a signal peptide of 20 aa, a propiece of 5 aa, and a mature peptide of 42 aa. the homology, characterization, and comparison of this gene with avbd from other avian species confirmed that it was duck avbd6. also, the preproprotein of avbd6 from chicken, goose, and duck was highly conserved ...201323243235
antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of the ethanol extract, fractions and eight compounds isolated from eriosema robustum (fabaceae).the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and the cytotoxicity of the ethanol crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds from the twigs of eriosema robustum, a plant used for the treatment of coughs and skin diseases.201324165199
czech ethanol-free propolis extract displays inhibitory activity against a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens.propolis acts primarily as a biocide against invasive bacteria and fungi in the hive, suggesting its potential for industrial applications. in food application, propolis is considered as a chemical preservative in meat products, extending shelf life of frozen meat and other food. the mechanism of action is still unclear due to the synergy of multiple compounds contained in propolis and due to parallel targeting of multiple pathways within each affected organism. here, we examined the antimicrobi ...201323915150
evaluation of pharmacological activities, cytotoxicity and phenolic composition of four maytenus species used in southern african traditional medicine to treat intestinal infections and diarrhoeal diseases.microbial infections and resulting inflammation and oxidative stress are common pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract (git) disorders. in south africa, several species of the genus maytenus are used in traditional medicine to treat various infectious diseases. most of the previous work on this genus was focused on nonpolar extracts from the root and bark. in this study, leaf extracts of polar extracts of maytenus peduncularis, maytenus procumbens, maytenus senegalensis and maytenus undata were ...201323663902
design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel benzothiazole analogs.in an attempt to design and synthesize a new class of antimicrobials, dialkyne substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole was reacted with various substituted aryl azides to generate a small library of 20 compounds (3a-t) by click chemistry. structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established on the basis of spectral data. these compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against gram+ bacteria (staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis), gram- bacteria (salmonella typhi, esc ...201323567952
2,2'-dithienyl diselenide pro-oxidant activity accounts for antibacterial and antifungal activities.the aim of this study was to explore if 2,2'-dithienyl diselenide (dtds) pro-oxidant activity is related to its antibacterial and antifungal actions. the antimicrobial activity of dtds against bacterial and fungal was investigated in the broth microdilution assay (3.02-387 μg/ml). additionally, the survival curve of microorganisms in the presence of dtds (12.09-193.5 μg/ml) was performed. the involvement of pro-oxidant activity in the dtds antimicrobial action was investigated by supplementing t ...201323683588
in vitro assessment of functional properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from faecal microbiota of healthy dogs for potential use as probiotics.lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified in the faeces of chinese crested and yorkshire terrier pups and their probiotic features were investigated in vitro. thirty seven isolates were identified as lactobacillus or enterococcus. out of these isolates, 31 were lactic acid bacteria (lab) and belonged to the species lactobacillus reuteri (16/37; 43.3%), lactobacillus animalis (7/37; 18.9%), lactobacillus acidophilus (3/37; 8.1%), lactobacillus sanfranciscensis (2/37; 5.4%), lactobacillus ...201323538205
antimicrobial activity of essential oils from mediterranean aromatic plants against several foodborne and spoilage bacteria.the antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from a variety of aromatic plants, often used in the portuguese gastronomy was studied in vitro by the agar diffusion method. the essential oils of thyme, oregano, rosemary, verbena, basil, peppermint, pennyroyal and mint were tested against gram-positive (listeria monocytogenes, clostridium perfringens, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecium, enterococcus faecalis, and staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative stra ...201323444311
synthesis and characterization of a series of transition metal complexes with a new symmetrical polyoxaaza macroacyclic schiff base ligand: x-ray crystal structure of cobalt(ii) and nickel(ii) complexes and their antibacterial properties.a new symmetrical [n4o2] hexadentate schiff base ligand, (e)-n-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)-2-(3-(2-((e)-pyridin-2-lmethyleneamino)phenoxy)naphthalen-2-yloxy)benzenamine, abbreviated to l, and its complexes of ni(ii), cu(ii), zn(ii), co(ii), cd(ii) and mn(ii) have been synthesized in the presence of metal ions. the complexes were structurally characterized by elemental analyses, ir, uv-vis, nmr and molar conductivity. the crystal structures of two complexes, [nil(ono2)2]·2h2o and [colcl2]ch3oh·0.5h2o ...201323099161
characterization and application of enterocin rm6, a bacteriocin from enterococcus faecalis.use of bacteriocins in food preservation has received great attention in recent years. the goal of this study is to characterize enterocin rm6 from enterococcus faecalis osy-rm6 and investigate its efficacy against listeria monocytogenes in cottage cheese. enterocin rm6 was purified from e. faecalis culture supernatant using ion exchange column, multiple c18-silica cartridges, followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the molecular weight of enterocin rm6 is 7145.0823 as ...201323844357
antibacterial activity of actinomycetes isolated from different soil samples of sheopur (a city of central india).the main objective of the present study was isolation, purification, and characterization of actinomycetes from soil samples, having antimicrobial activity against 12 selected pathogenic strains. soils samples were taken from different niche habitats of sheopur district, madhya pradesh, india. these samples were serially diluted and plated on actinomycete isolation agar media. potential colonies were screened, purified, and stored in glycerol stock. isolates were morphologically and biochemicall ...201323833752
chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of linum pubescens growing wild in jordan.the volatile constituents of the aerial flowering parts of linum pubescens were collected by hydro-distillation and analysed by gc and gc/ms. analysis allowed the identification of 68 components of which, geranyl isovalerate (18.93%), lauric acid (12.07%), germacrene d (10.61%), decanoic acid (8.07%), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (5.02%) and 1-hexanol (4.99%) were detected as major constituents. the isolated essential oil of the plant exhibited high antimicrobial activity against gram-posit ...201322913459
an alkenylresorcinol derivative from hakea sericea fruits and their antimicrobial activity.hakea sericea has been introduced to portugal for ornamental purposes. the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant, antibacterial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic properties of this shrub species have been previously reported. the present work describes the bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude methanolic extract of h. sericea fruits and the isolation of 9-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)nona-3(z)-enoic acid. the structure of this new compound was established by one- and two-dimensional nmr a ...201324354201
antimicrobial property of extracts of indian lichen against human pathogenic bacteria.context. usnea ghattensis g. awasthi (usneaceae) endemic fruticose lichen found growing luxuriantly in northern western ghats of india, it also contains usnic acid as a major chemical and tested against some human pathogenic bacteria. objective. to explore antimicrobial properties of usnea ghattensis against some human pathogenic bacteria. materials and methods. the lichen was extracted in acetone, methanol, and ethanol. in vitro antimicrobial activity was tested initially by kirby-bauer techniq ...201324062769
synthesis and characterization of novel organocobaloximes as potential catecholase and antimicrobial activity agents.an asymmetric, potentially bidentate dioxime ligand (h₂l) was formed by condensation of 4-biphenylchloroglyoxime and napthyl-1-amine. two equivalents of h₂l were reacted with cocl₂  · 6h₂o under appropriate conditions with deprotonation of the dioxime ligand. a series of new organocobaloxime derivatives of the type [cor(hl)₂py], [corl₂pyb₂f₄], and [corl₂py(cu(phen))₂] (h₂l = 4-(napthyl-1-amino)biphenylglyoxime; phen = 1,10-phenathroline; r = izopropyl and benzyl; py = pyridine) were synthesized. ...201324003018
antimicrobial activity of pleurocidin is retained in plc-2, a c-terminal 12-amino acid fragment.an analysis of a series of five peptides composed of various portions of the pleurocidin (plc) sequence identified a l2-amino acid fragment from the c-terminus of plc, designated plc-2, as the smallest fragment that retained a antimicrobial activity comparable to that of the parent compound. mic tests in vitro with low-ionic-strength medium showed that plc-2 has potent activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus but not against enterococcus faecalis. the a ...201323603258
the effect of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro.the use of glyphosate modifies the environment which stresses the living microorganisms. the aim of the present study was to determine the real impact of glyphosate on potential pathogens and beneficial members of poultry microbiota in vitro. the presented results evidence that the highly pathogenic bacteria as salmonella entritidis, salmonella gallinarum, salmonella typhimurium, clostridium perfringens and clostridium botulinum are highly resistant to glyphosate. however, most of beneficial bac ...201323224412
antibacterial activity of resin rich plant extracts.the in vitro antibacterial activity of resin rich methanolic extracts (rrmes) of commiphora myrrha, operculina turpethum, and pinus roxburghii.201324302834
inducing secondary metabolite production by the endophytic fungus fusarium tricinctum through coculture with bacillus subtilis.coculturing the fungal endophyte fusarium tricinctum with the bacterium bacillus subtilis 168 trpc2 on solid rice medium resulted in an up to 78-fold increase in the accumulation in constitutively present secondary metabolites that included lateropyrone (5), cyclic depsipeptides of the enniatin type (6-8), and the lipopeptide fusaristatin a (9). in addition, four compounds (1-4) including (-)-citreoisocoumarin (2) as well as three new natural products (1, 3, and 4) were not present in discrete f ...201324175613
inactivation of pathogens in feces by desiccation and urea treatment for application in urine-diverting dry toilets.ecological sanitation technologies can be effective in providing health and environmental pollution control if they can efficiently reduce the pathogenicity of microorganisms carried in fecal material to safe levels. this study evaluated the sanitizing effects of different additives for dry treatment of feces from urine-diverting dry toilets, based on inactivation of enterococcus faecalis, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, bacteriophages ms2 and φx, and ascaris suum. the additives, ash (a ...201323335764
synthetic inhibitors of bacterial cell division targeting the gtp-binding site of ftsz.cell division protein ftsz is the organizer of the cytokinetic z-ring in most bacteria and a target for new antibiotics. ftsz assembles with gtp into filaments that hydrolyze the nucleotide at the association interface between monomers and then disassemble. we have replaced ftsz's gtp with non-nucleotide synthetic inhibitors of bacterial division. we searched for these small molecules among compounds from the literature, from virtual screening (vs), and from our in-house synthetic library (ucm), ...201323855511
sequences of metanicins, 20-residue peptaibols from the ascomycetous fungus cbs 597.80.four linear 20-residue peptaibols, named metanicins (mtcs) a-d, were isolated from submerged cultures of the ascomycetous fungus cbs 597.80. structure elucidation was performed by a combination of fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry (fab-ms), electrospray ionization ms, edman degradation of isolated fragments, and amino acid analysis by ion-exchange and gas chromatography, and enantioselective hplc. the sequences of mtc a(b) are (amino acid exchange in b and c in parentheses): ac-aib-ala-aib ...201323681727
synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of 1-methyl-3-sulfonylthio-4-aminoquinolinium chlorides.synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity (mic) of novel 1-methyl-3-sulfonylthio-4-aminoquinolinium chlorides 2 are described. compounds 2 were obtained in the reaction of 1-methyl-4-aminoquinolinium 3-thiolates 1 with sulfonyl chlorides. antimicrobial activity of compounds 2 was investigated using gram-positive staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus saprophyticus, staphylococcus epidermidis, micrococcus luteus, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus subtilis, corynebacterium pseudodiphtericum and g ...201323610972
in vitro biological effects of two anti-diabetic medicinal plants used in benin as folk medicine.extracts from polygonum senegalensis (polygonaceae) and pseudocedrela kotschyi (meliaceae) are two important traditionally used medicinal plants in rural benin to treat many diseases and notably type 2 diabetes. the aim of the study was to investigate the α-glucosidase inhibition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of those plants extract: polygonum senegalensis leaves, and pseudocedrela kotschyi root.201323452899
bacteriocin pj4 active against enteric pathogen produced by lactobacillus helveticus pj4 isolated from gut microflora of wistar rat (rattus norvegicus): partial purification and characterization of bacteriocin.the increase of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the restriction on the use antibiotics due to its side effects have drawn attention to the search for possible alternatives. bacteriocins are small antimicrobial peptides produced by numerous bacteria. much interest has been focused on bacteriocins because they exhibit inhibitory activity against pathogens. lactic acid bacteria possess the ability to synthesize antimicrobial compounds (like bacteriocin) during their growth. in this study, an anti ...201323371780
circulating microrna signatures in mice exposed to lipoteichoic acid.previously, we had identified a specific whole blood-derived micrornas (mirnas) signature in mice following in vivo injection of lipopolysaccharide (lps) originated from gram-negative bacteria. this study was designed to profile the circulating mirnas expression in mice exposed to lipoteichoic acid (lta) which is a major component of the wall of gram-positive bacteria.201323286671
a novel combinatorial biocatalytic approach for producing antibacterial compounds effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb).two bacterial hosts expressing cloned aromatic oxygenases were used to catalyze the oxidation and polymerization of indole and related substrates, creating mixtures of indigoid compounds comprised of novel dimers and trimers. crude extracts and purified compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of gram-positive organisms, in general, and mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb), in particular. of the 74 compounds tested against m. tuberculosis, ~66 % had minimum inhibitory concentrati ...201323749163
the potential for self-sanitisation of faecal sludge by intrinsic ammonia.faecal sludge has the potential to be used as a sustainable fertiliser in agriculture, but the sludge must be sanitised due to its content of pathogenic microorganisms. the intrinsic ammonia from the urine may be sufficient for sanitisation of the sludge if it is not too diluted by flush water or lost by ventilation. to evaluate the potential for this sanitisation method, inactivation of enterococcus faecalis, salmonella typhimurium and ascaris suum eggs during treatment were assessed. the inact ...201323941983
evaluation of bacterial flora during the ripening of kedong sufu, a typical chinese traditional bacteria-fermented soybean product.kedong sufu is a typical bacteria-fermented sufu in china. isolation and identification of the autochthonous bacteria involved would allow the design of specific starters for this speciality. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bacterial flora during the ripening of kedong sufu using polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) and culturing.201323400969
synergistic antibacterial effect of honey and herba ocimi basilici against some bacterial pathogens.to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the combination of different honey brands and methanolic fraction of herba ocimi basilici using agar well diffusion assay.201324660616
proteolytic activity by multiple bacterial species isolated from chronic venous leg ulcers degrades matrix substrates.a major feature of chronic wounds is the loss of tissue, with the exposure of dermal components preventing primary closure and leading to bacterial colonization. bacterial colonization has been proposed as one of the common underlying pathologies present in chronic wounds. the objective of this exploratory study was to identify bacteria cultured from chronic venous leg ulcers and test for proteolytic activity that degrades matrix substrates.201323118301
comparative in vitro activities of smt19969, a new antimicrobial agent, against clostridium difficile and 350 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic intestinal flora isolates.the comparative in vitro activity of smt19969, a novel, narrow-spectrum, nonabsorbable agent, was studied against 50 ribotype-defined clostridium difficile strains, 174 gram-positive and 136 gram-negative intestinal anaerobes, and 40 gram-positive aerobes. smt19969 was one dilution more active against c. difficile isolates (mic range, 0.125 to 0.5 μg/ml; mic90, 0.25 μg/ml), including ribotype 027 strains, than fidaxomicin (range, 0.06 to 1 μg/ml; mic90, 0.5 μg/ml) and two to six dilutions lower ...201323877700
molecular structure, normal coordinate analysis, harmonic vibrational frequencies, natural bond orbital, td-dft calculations and biological activity analysis of antioxidant drug 7-hydroxycoumarin.in this work, we report harmonic vibrational frequencies, molecular structure, nbo and homo, lumo analysis of umbelliferone also known as 7-hydroxycoumarin (7hc). the optimized geometric bond lengths and bond angles obtained by computation (monomer and dimmer) shows good agreement with experimental xrd data. harmonic frequencies of 7hc were determined and analyzed by dft utilizing 6-311+g(d,p) as basis set. the assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of normal ...201323123244
efficacy of peracetic acid in rapid disinfection of resilon and gutta-percha cones compared with sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and povidone-iodine.the aim of this investigation was to compare the effectiveness of 3% sodium hypochlorite (naocl), 2% chlorhexidine, 1% peracetic acid, and 10% povidone-iodine in the rapid disinfection of resilon (pentron clinical technologies, llc, wallingford, ct) and gutta-percha cones contaminated with enterococcus faecalis and bacillus subtilis.201324041388
new function of molybdenum trioxide nanoplates: toxicity towards pathogenic bacteria through membrane stress.inorganic nanostructures are highly recognized for their potential use in the development of new functional materials for biomedical applications. in this study, we investigated the antibacterial efficiency of molybdenum trioxide (moo3) nanoplates against four types of pathogenic bacteria. moo3 nanoplates are synthesized by a simple wet chemical approach. x-ray diffraction and ft-ir analysis showed the presence of an orthorhombic phase of moo3 nanoplates. field emission scanning electron microsc ...201324075787
antimicrobial potential for the combination of bovine lactoferrin or its hydrolysate with lactoferrin-resistant probiotics against foodborne pathogens.previous reports have shown that several probiotic strains can resist the antibacterial activity of bovine lactoferrin (blf), but the results are inconsistent. moreover, a portion of orally administered apo-blf is digested in vivo by pepsin to yield blf hydrolysate, which produces stronger antibacterial activity than that observed with apo-blf. however, whether blf hydrolysate affects the growth of probiotic strains is unclear. therefore, various probiotic strains in taiwan were collected and ev ...201323332852
basal levels of (p)ppgpp in enterococcus faecalis: the magic beyond the stringent response.the stringent response (sr), mediated by the alarmone (p)ppgpp, is a conserved bacterial adaptation system controlling broad metabolic alterations necessary for survival under adverse conditions. in enterococcus faecalis, production of (p)ppgpp is controlled by the bifunctional protein rsh (for "rel spot homologue"; also known as rela) and by the monofunctional synthetase relq. previous characterization of e. faecalis strains lacking rsh, relq, or both revealed that rsh is responsible for activa ...201324065631
surface activation of graphene oxide nanosheets by ultraviolet irradiation for highly efficient anti-bacterials.a comprehensive investigation of anti-bacterial properties of graphene oxide (go) and ultraviolet (uv) irradiated go nanosheets was carried out. microscopic characterization revealed that the go nanosheet-like structures had wavy features and wrinkles or thin grooves. fundamental surface chemical states of go nanosheets (before and after uv irradiation) were investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) resu ...201324013671
alternating electric fields combined with activated carbon for disinfection of gram negative and gram positive bacteria in fluidized bed electrode system.strong electric fields for disinfection of wastewaters have been employed already for several decades. an innovative approach combining low strength (7 v/cm) alternating electric fields with a granular activated carbon fluidized bed electrode (fbe) for disinfection was presented recently. for disinfection performance of fbe several pure microbial cultures were tested: bacillus subtilis, bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, enterococcus faecalis as representatives from gram positive bacteria and er ...201324012021
conducting nanosponge electroporation for affordable and high-efficiency disinfection of bacteria and viruses in water.high-efficiency, affordable, and low energy water disinfection methods are in great need to prevent diarrheal illness, which is one of the top five leading causes of death over the world. traditional water disinfection methods have drawbacks including carcinogenic disinfection byproducts formation, energy and time intensiveness, and pathogen recovery. here, we report an innovative method that achieves high-efficiency water disinfection by introducing nanomaterial-assisted electroporation impleme ...201323987737
food-borne zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistance of indicator bacteria in urban wild boars in barcelona, spain.wildlife is increasingly abundant in urban environments, but little is known about the zoonotic pathogens carried by these populations. urban wild boars are of particular concern because this species is well-known as a pathogen reservoir, and thus, we studied selected zoonotic pathogens in urban wild boars in barcelona, spain (n=41). salmonella enterica was found in 5.00% (95% ci 0.61-16.91) and campylobacter coli in 4.88% (95% ci 0.6-16.53) of the animals. e. coli o157:h7 and c. jejuni were not ...201323992794
effects of antibiotics on bacterial species composition and metabolic activities in chemostats containing defined populations of human gut microorganisms.the composition and metabolic activities of the human colonic microbiota are modulated by a number of external factors, including diet and antibiotic therapy. changes in the structure and metabolism of the gut microbiota may have long-term consequences for host health. the large intestine harbors a complex microbial ecosystem comprising several hundreds of different bacterial species, which complicates investigations on intestinal physiology and ecology. to facilitate such studies, a highly simp ...201323403424
bacterial lysates in food allergy prevention.in the concept of food allergy prevention, no successful strategy could be identified until now. although interventional trials using probiotics, prebiotics, hydrolyzed formula and bacterial lysates early in infancy were found to reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis, no effect on food sensitization and allergy could be shown.201323842540
in vivo broiler experiments to assess anti-campylobacter jejuni activity of a live enterococcus faecalis strain.bacterial gastroenteritis caused by thermotolerant campylobacter species, mainly campylobacter jejuni, has been the most reported zoonotic disease in many developed countries in recent years. reducing campylobacter shedding on the farm could result in a reduction of the number of campylobacteriosis cases. in 2 independent broiler seeder experiments, in which broiler chickens were orally inoculated with 2 amounts of enterococcus faecalis mb 5259, we established whether a live e. faecalis strain w ...201323243257
effects of microgravity on the virulence of listeria monocytogenes, enterococcus faecalis, candida albicans, and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.to evaluate effects of microgravity on virulence, we studied the ability of four common clinical pathogens--listeria monocytogenes, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), enterococcus faecalis, and candida albicans--to kill wild type caenorhabditis elegans (c. elegans) nematodes at the larval and adult stages. simultaneous studies were performed utilizing spaceflight, clinorotation in a 2-d clinorotation device, and static ground controls. the feeding rate of worms for killed e. col ...201324283929
use of nanoparticulate zinc oxide as intracanal medication in endodontics: ph and antimicrobial activity.the aim of this study was to evaluate the ph and antimicrobial activity of micro or nanoparticulate zinc oxide (zno) pastes with or without calcium hydroxide (ch). the following medications were evaluated: microparticulate zno + polyethylene glycol (peg) 400; nanoparticulate zno + peg 400; peg 400; ch + microparticulate zno + peg 400 and ch + nanoparticulate zno + peg 400. the ph was assessed between 12 hours and 28 days, using a digital ph meter. the antimicrobial activity against enterococcus ...201325335366
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