Publications

nucleic acid transport driven by ion gradient across cell membrane.		1980	6769706
in vitro studies of dental plaque formation: adsorption of oral streptococci to hydroxyaptite.	a mixture of saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads and radioactively labeled bacteria has been employed as an in vitro model for the initial phase of dental plaque formation. adsorption in this model can be expressed by the langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the adherence of oral streptococci can be expressed as the product of the affinity constant (ka) and the number of binding sites (n), kan. with this approach, streptococcus sanguis serotype 1 strains adhered better (kan = [187 +/- 72] x 10(-2)) ...	1979	489128
influence of preformed antibody on experimental streptococcus sanguis endocarditis.	the influence of preformed, anti-whole organism antibody on the development of streptococcus sanguis endocarditis was examined in both in vivo and in vitro systems. antibody prevented, rather than potentiated, endocarditis in rabbits. the infectious dose in 30 control animals was 10(6.5) +/- 0.33 (mean +/- standard deviation); this increased to 10(7.71 +/- 0.05 in 36 immunized animals (p less than 0.01). no differences in bacterial clearance mechanisms were apparent between groups. antibody also ...	1979	500187
effect of age on the membrane lipid composition of streptococcus sanguis.		1979	508749
aggregation and adherence of streptococcus sanguis: role of human salivary immunoglobulin a.	fourteen freshly isolated strains of streptococcus sanguis were obtained from the dental plaque of five healthy adults. whole saliva was collected concomitant with the plaque isolates from the five subjects, and a second whole saliva sample was collected 10 weeks later. all possible combinations of the first five saliva samples, the second five saliva samples, and 14 strains of bacteria were tested for aggregation. of the 140 combinations examined, 108 of 140 (77%) of the strains aggregated with ...	1979	528050
biosynthesis of glycosylated glycerolphosphate polymers in streptococcus sanguis.	two types of glycosylated glycerolphosphates were synthesized when a particulate enzyme prepared from streptococcus sanguis was incubated with [3h]-phosphatidylglycerol and uridine diphosphate-[14c]glucose in the presence of mgcl2. the first type was extractable with saline and contained no fatty acid. the second type was pellet bound and could be extracted with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. both types of polymers were purified and partially characterized. the first type of polymer was fractionat ...	1979	500562
antimicrobial susceptibilities of species of viridans streptococci.		1979	501146
bacterial aggregating activity in human saliva: simultaneous determination of free and bound cells.	two new assays for saliva-mediated aggregation of oral bacteria have been developed, based on the use of [3h]thymidine-labeled cells. one assay separates free cells from aggregated cells by centrifugation through sucrose, whereas the other utilizes membrane filters (8 micrometers, nuclepore) to effect the separation. comparison of these assays with the turbidity method reveals that they are faster (x20 to 40) and require 10 times less saliva and bacteria. the aggregation of streptococcus sanguis ...	1979	43286
superhelical dna in streptococcus sanguis: role in recombination in vivo.	competent streptococcus sanguis treated with non-lethal doses of coumermycin a1 immediately before or after uptake of radioactive transforming dna were reduced in their capacity to yield transformants. this treatment did not alter bacterial ability to bind dna in dnase i-resistant form, nor did it prevent the single-stranded donor dna-recipient protein complexes formed upon uptake at the surface of the bacteria from translocating to chromosomal sites. inhibition of transformation by heterospecif ...	1979	43456
the purification and properties of dextransucrase from streptococcus sanguis atcc 10558.	dextransucrase has been purified from the culture fluids of s. sanguis 10558 by a combination of hydroxylapatite, ion-exchange, and gel-filtration steps. two active proteins were isolated with specific activities approaching one order of magnitude higher than other preparations reported. the enzymes have mol. wt. on the order of 100 000 and exhibit ph optima between 5,8 and 6.2. in addition, detailed analysis of one of the enzymes indicates that the enzyme undergoes two ionizations that are impo ...	1979	39674
enhanced transformability with heterospecific deoxyribonucleic acid upon removal of nascent ribonucleic acid from the streptococcus sanguis genome.	treatment of streptococcus sanguis recipient cells with rifampin (rif) at the time of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) addition was an effective means of reducing discrimination, that is, of causing an increase in the number of transformants induced by irreversibly bound heterospecific dna without significantly changing the number induced by bound homospecific dna. rif was unable to reduce discrimination when the recipient cells were rif resistant due to an altered ribonucleic acid (rna) polymerase. ...	1979	37232
chemotherapeutic effect of zinc on streptococcus mutans and rat dental caries.		1979	44465
cell surface located dna binding factor occurring in transformable streptococcus sanguis strain wicky.		1979	232423
interactions between human serum proteins and oral streptococci reveal occurrence of receptors for aggregated beta 2-microglobulin.	a total of 31 strains of oral streptococci representing streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mitior, streptococcus salivarius, and streptococcus milleri were tested for possible binding of human immunoglobulins g, g1, g2, g3, g4, a1, a2, m1, and m2 and haptoglobin, hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and aggregated beta 2-microglobulin. radiolabeled beta 2-microglobulin in aggregated form showed affinity for 20 of the 31 strains tested. binding activity for the protein was found in str ...	1979	90015
penicillin tolerance in experimental streptococcal endocarditis.		1979	91047
primary structure of a human iga1 immunoglobulin. iv. streptococcal iga1 protease, digestion, fab and fc fragments, and the complete amino acid sequence of the alpha 1 heavy chain.	in order to establish the complete amino acid sequence of the human iga alpha1 chain bur, iga1 protease from streptococcus sanguis was employed to generate fabalpha and fcalpha fragments in the final stage of this investigation. cyanogen bromide cleavage of the fabalpha fragment followed by reduction and aminoethylation produced the fd' fragment (residues 84 to 227); this contains part of the variable region (vr), the whole first constant domain (calpha1), and part of the hinge region of this he ...	1979	107164
bacterial endocarditis due to penicillin-resistant streptococcus viridans.	bacterial endocarditis remains a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic problem for clinicians. streptococcus viridans still accounts for 45 to 50 per cent of all cases and between 5 to 10 per cent of all clinical isolates of streptococcus viridans from patients with bacterial endocarditis may be relatively resistant to penicillin. the case of a 9-year-old child with tetralogy of fallot and a waterston shunt who subsequently developed bacterial endocarditis due to penicillin-resistant streptococc ...	1979	109241
deoxyribonucleic acid sequence common to staphylococcal and streptococcal plasmids which specify erythromycin resistance.	plasmids from erythromycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus sanguis, and streptococcus faecalis show deoxyribonucleic acid sequence homology. the homologous sequences can be localized to specific restriction endonuclease fragments, which in the case of s. aureus plasmid pi258 involves a single fragment from either ecori or hindiii digest known to contain the erythromycin resistance determinant. complementary ribonucleic acid probes prepared from s. aureus plasmid pi258 and s. sangu ...	1979	110774
experimental infections with staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus sanguis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and bacteroides fragilis in the jaws of dogs.		1979	114906
the isolation and partial characterization of a sulphated glycoprotein from human whole saliva which aggregates strains of streptococcus sanguis but not streptococcus mutans.		1979	120733
stability of the resident microflora and the bacteriocinogeny of streptococcus mutans as factors affecting its establishment in specific pathogen-free rats.	the outcome of the experimental implantation of streptococcus mutans strains in humans and animals is unpredictable, and neither success nor failure can be explained. it seems logical to assume that, apart from dietary and host factors, the characteristics of the s. mutans strain involved and those of the resident plaque microflora are important in colonization. for example, previous work in this laboratory suggested that bacteriocin production accounts at least in part for the establishment of ...	1979	154472
factors affecting the stability of the resident dental plaque microflora of specific pathogen-free rats in relation to the ability to resist colonization by streptococcus mutans.		1979	161701
structure of extracellular water-soluble polysaccharides synthesized from sucrose by oral strains of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus sanguis and actinomyces viscosus.		1979	292363
translocation of the pre-synaptic complex formed upon dna uptake by streptococcus sanguis and its inhibition by ethidium bromide.	donor dna in its initially bound, single-stranded form exists in a chromosomally-unassociated complex where it is resistant to exogenous dnase i but sensitive to micrococcal nuclease. most of the complexes are readily recuperable from the supernatant of recipients converted into spheroplasts. subsequent to formation of this superficially located complex, donor dna progressively associates with the recipient chromosome into which it is eventually integrated. treatment of recipients with ethidium ...	1979	287850
fragility of salivary aggregates of streptoccus mutans.		1979	291486
modification of human parotid saliva proteins by oral streptococcus sanguis.	polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the effect of streptococcus sanguis on the anionic proteins in human parotid gland saliva. cell-free culture supernatants and washed-cell preparations from 23 strains of s. sanguis caused marked modification of various salivary proteins. control studies showed that the alterations in protein profiles by the bacteria were not due to attachment of protein to the cells. protease inhibitors were used to confirm that proteolysis by distinct enzym ...	1979	282309
changes of serological activity by alpha-l-fucosidase isolated from streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557.	alpha-l-fucosidase isolated from the growth culture of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557 acted on h- and leb-blood group substances in porcine gastric lining, human gastric lining, human ovarian cyst fluid and human whole saliva, with consequent loss of h- and leb -activities and a concomitant increase of lea activity.	1979	283098
[plaque flora and dental caries. i. occurrence of streptococcus sanguis types in caries-free and caries susceptible school children].	the reported results suggest that changes in dental plaque flora and its importance for cariesinitiation in man can only be learned about by 1) investigation into different pre- and early caries phases, 2) by still more differentiation of potentially cariogenic microorganisms, according to their biochemical behavior, and 3) by considering other factors influencing the dental plaque flora like toothbrushing habits. the data presented suggest that strep. sanguis type i and iiw might cause cariesin ...	1979	284910
experimental transient bacteraemias in human subjects with clinically healthy gingivae.	thirty-six subjects with no evidence of clinical gingival inflammation underwent a standardized toothbrushing procedure. blood specimens, obtained from a vein in the antecubital fossa during the last 30 seconds of brushing, were cultured under aerobic and stringent anaerobic conditions. three subjects exhibited detectable bacteraemias, propionibacterium sp. being isolated from two of the subjects, while actinomyces sp., streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mitis were isolated from the third. ...	1979	285080
bacterial endocarditis: a clinical report.		1979	286207
biological activity of secretory iga--comparison of agglutinating specificity with siga and ca++-dependent agglutinin--.	ca++-dependent bacterial agglutinin was isolated from the human parotid saliva by gel filtration of sepharose 2b. the agglutinin appeared in the void volume fractions. treatment of this agglutinin with edta resulted in the loss of its ability to agglutinate the bacteria. standardized solutions of the agglutinin were tested for the agglutinating activity against 18 strains of oral indigenous bacteria. it was found that the agglutinin exhibited varying degrees of activity to all the test strains a ...	1979	286649
acid production from alditols by oral streptococci.		1979	286721
differential utilization of proteins in saliva from caries-active and caries-free subjects as growth substrates by plaque-forming streptococci.	mixed or parotid saliva from caries-active individuals consistently supported better growth of streptococcus mutans (type c) than that from caries-free individuals. electrophoretic studies revealed that certain proteins in caries-active salivas were susceptible to microbial attack, but similar proteins in caries-free salivas were refractory.	1979	291630
experiments with pulp capping.		1979	291861
comparative study of two variants of the mouth streptococcus sanguis with different colonial morphologies and abilities to adhere.		1979	295202
the epidemiology of dental caries and periodontal disease.	dental caries and periodontal disease are common in industrialized countries and caries is increasing in non-industrialized countries. the predominant method of coping with the disease problem has been to treat rather than prevent the diseases, an approach which has obviously failed to cope with the problem as shown by the results of the international collaborative study of dental manpower systems (58). epidemiological evidence suggests that a food policy directed at lowering the refined sugar c ...	1979	295300
effect of chlorhexidine on the relative proportions of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis in hamster plaque.	the effect of chlorhexidine on the proportions of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis in plaque was studied in hamsters fed a diet containing 28% sucrose. in animals given chlorhexidine in their drinking water for 10 d a decrease in the population of s. mutans and an increase of s. sanguis occurred in the plaque. following the removal of chlorhexidine the population of s. mutans increased again in the presence of sucrose and the number of s. sanguis returned to initial values. when an ...	1979	295488
effects of bactericidal treatments on bacterial adherence and dental plaque formation.	in vivo plaque formation was significantly reduced when tooth surfaces were subjected to topical applications of iodine (0.2% i2 in 2.0% ki) twice daily for 3 d. similarly, in vivo plaque formation was significantly reduced on enamel surfaces that were subjected to ultraviolet irradiation. control experiments indicated that neither ultraviolet irradiation nor iodine treatment interfered with mechanisms for bacterial apposition to dental plaque. the results are interpreted to suggest that plaque ...	1979	295489
surface ultrastructure of some oral bacteria.	adhesion of streptococcus sanguis, fusobacterium nucleatum and an actinomyces sp. to enamel and epon and their interspecies cohesion was studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. for adhesion studies enamel or epon was coated with salivary macromolecules and then cells of s. sanguis and in some experiments also with f. nucleatum or actinomyces sp. cells of s. sanguis were seen scattered over the surface of a thin "pellicle" that was heavily stained, and f. nucleatum and actinom ...	1979	296564
specificity of utilization of human salivary proteins for growth by oral streptococci.		1979	287558
factors influencing the deposition and growth of oral organisms on hard surfaces.		1979	287687
strain differences in binding of parotid saliva basic glycoprotein by oral streptococci.		1979	291626
[persistency and resistance of streptococci isolated from periodontal pockets].	intradermal injection of cell walls or cell wall constituents (peptidoglycane) of streptococcus sanguis ii in experimental animals caused a similarly severe inflammatory reaction as with streptococcus a. the three "viridans" species of streptococci proved to be resistant to complement (active serum) as well as to lysozyme and were superior to streptococcus a in their capacity for resistance to another type of muralytic enzyme isolated from streptomyces albus. the new acylureido penicillins (mezl ...	1979	374053
sanguicin, a bacteriocin of oral streptococcus sanguis.	streptococcus sanguis strain n-2 was found to produce a bacteriocin (sanguicin) which accumulates intracellularly. it was purified by sequential procedures about 98-fold with a recovery of 37% and appeared to be homogeneous on gel electrophoresis. sanguicin was heat labile and was destroyed by digestion with pronase. the growth of several species of oral indigenous microorganisms was inhibited by sanguicin, of which bacteriodes melaninogenicus was most susceptible. sanguicin acted on susceptible ...	1979	507783
genetic transformation in streptococcus sanguis. spontaneous and induced competence of selected strains.	nine strains of streptococcus sanguis were examined for competence in genetic transformation with streptomycin resistance (str-r) as marker. eight strains belonged to serogroup h and one to the newly-described serogroup w. seven of the strains, one of which was the reference strain nctc 7868 (strain challis), were competent with str-r dna from strain challis. strains nctc 9124 (strain wicky) and 480 were incompetent. the efficiency of transformation was examined in four different media. use of t ...	1979	375670
genetic transformation in streptococcus sanguis. distribution of competence and competence factors in a collection of strains.	forty-one strains of streptococcus sanguis (37 of serogroup h and four of the newly-described serogroup w) were examined semiquantitatively for genetic transformation with streptomycin as marker. the material comprised eight reference laboratory strains and 33 recent isolates. eighteen strains (16 of serogroup h and two of w) showed spontaneous competence in genetic transformation (without added competence factor, i.e. culture filtrate.). individual culture filtrates from 19 spontaneously compet ...	1979	375671
factors affecting adhesion of bacterial to a tooth in vitro.	the initial adhesion of oral bacteria to a tooth in vitro was examined. the organisms were grown in broth with and without sucrose, and suspensions made either in broth or a modified ringer's solution. the tooth used was either dry or coated with natural or synthetic saliva. adhesion was determined by counting organisms removed from the tooth surface by simple washing or by sonication. it was found that the firmest bonding occurred when a dry tooth was immersed in a suspension of bacteria in rin ...	1979	551240
longitudinal investigation of the role of streptococcus mutans in human fissure decay.	a prospective study was initiated in order to detect changes in the levels and proportions of streptococcus mutans, s. sanguis, and lactobacilli before and at the time of caries development on occlusal fissures. the bacteriological analysis was performed on 195 teeth that received four examinations at approximately 6-month intervals. the data obtained from 42 carious fissures and 153 caries-free fissures strongly indicated an etiological role for s. mutans in most of the diagnosed fissure lesion ...	1979	397929
analysis and control of mixed cultures.		1979	398222
release of lipoteichoic acid from streptococcus sanguis: stimulation of release during penicillin treatment.	the spontaneous and the penicillin-stimulated release of water-soluble, glycerol-labeled polymers was compared in streptococcus sanguis. in contrast to the spontaneous release occurring in exponentially growing or stationary-phase bacteria, penicillin-treated cells released the bulk of these polymers, and they were not replenished by synthesis during antibiotic treatment. furthermore, a major portion of the extracellular polymers was characterized as acylated lipoteichoic acid.	1979	438118
serologic studies of streptococcus intermedius, streptococcus constellatus, and streptococcus morbillorum by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.	a reference antigen-antibody system for streptococcus intermedius, streptococcus constellatus, and streptococcus morbillorum was established with crossed immunoelectrophoresis. a comparison of s. intermedius, s. constellatus, and s. morbillorum with crossed immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel indicated that s. intermedius and s. constellatus are closely related antigenically with as many as six common cytoplasmic antigens. s. morbillorum was antigenicall ...	1979	453098
lymphoproliferative responses induced by streptococcal antigens in recurrent aphthous stomatitis and behcet's syndrome.		1979	455802
linkage analyses of extracellular glucans from streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mitior.	similar alpha-(1-->6) linkage-rich, soluble, extracellular glucans have been isolated from six strains of two genetically distinct groups of streptococcus sanguis and three strains of streptococcus mitior.	1979	457265
streptococcal infection of endocardial and other intravascular vegetations in rabbits: natural history and effect of dexamethasone.	experiments were designed to study the natural history of infection in different parts of the vascular system. sterile vegetations were produced in rabbits by placing catheters in the inferior vena cava, tricuspid or aortic valves, and thoracic or abdominal aorta and then were infected by the intravenous inoculation of streptococcus sanguis. at 1 day after bacterial challenge, all vegs were infected, mean bacterial densities being highest in the vegs of the aortic and tricuspid valves. by 14 day ...	1979	457283
in vitro evaluation of seven cationic detergents as antiplaque agents.	the bactericidal efficacy of seven cationic detergents was studied in vitro against intact performed plaques of representative strains of four oral dental plaque-forming microorganisms: streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naeslundii. both absolute (plaque bactericidal index) and relative (chlorhexidine coefficient) indexes of antiplaque activity were established. only cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was more efficacious than the reference agent, the ...	1979	464568
specificity of coaggregation reactions between human oral streptococci and strains of actinomyces viscosus or actinomyces naeslundii.	coaggregation reactions between actinomycete and streptococcal cells occurred frequently when human strains of actinomyces viscosus or a. naeslundii were mixed with human isolates of streptococcus sanguis or s. mitis, but were infrequent with other oral actinomycetes and streptococci. two groups of actinomycetes and four groups of streptococci were defined by the patterns of their coaggregation reactions and by the ability of beta-linked galactosides (i.e., lactose) to reverse these reactions. c ...	1979	468376
enhancement of generation of monocyte tissue thromboplastin by bacterial phagocytosis: possible pathway for fibrin formation on infected vegetations in bacterial endocarditis.	the deposition of fibrin on infected vegetations and the presence of mononuclear phagocytes that have phagocytized bacteria are remarkabe features in experimental bacterial endocarditis. in a study in vitro, we show that phagocytosis of bacteria by human monocytes enhances thromboplastin generation by these cells. maximal enhancement of the generation of thromboplastin by monocytes was about six times compared with that in the control experiment without bacteria, and it was obtained by preincuba ...	1979	478642
protein-to-wet weight relationships in supragingival plaques from caries-prone tooth surfaces.	the ratio of protein to wet weight in unpooled samples of supragingival plaques from sound and carious tooth surfaces was studied. protein was assayed by a procedure developed for the study, in order to achieve a sensitivity of 1 microgram with minimum effects upon quantitation from protein composition and nonprotein components. ratios of protein to wet weight in plaque specimens from caries-free surfaces were almost equally distributed into two main categories of 9.4% and 6.5%. corresponding va ...	1979	485148
co-induction of beta-galactosidase and the lactose-p-enolpyruvate phosphotransferase system in streptococcus salivarius and streptococcus mutans.	the addition of lactose, galactose, or isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside (iptg) to glucose-grown cells of streptococcus salivarius 25975 resulted in the co-induction of both the lactose-p-enolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (lactose-pts) and beta-galactosidase, with the latter the predominant metabolic system. with various strains of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis 10556, on the other hand, the lactose-pts was the major metabolic pathway with beta-galactosidase induced either to ...	1978	214423
cell-bound synthesis and subsequent adherence of oral streptococci due to the binding of extracellular glucosyltransferase to the streptococcal cell surface.		1978	683023
specificity of salivary-bacterial interactions: role of terminal sialic acid residues in the interaction of salivary glycoproteins with streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans.	four highly purified salivary glycoproteins were used to study salivary-bacterial interactions. one pair of glycoproteins was mucin-like in composition, whereas the second pair was not. by an agglutination assay, it was found that only the mucin-glycoproteins agglutinated streptococcus sanguis and s. mutans. removal of sialic acid from these molecules resulted in a loss of agglutination of s. sanguis but not of s. mutans. the agglutination phenomenon was shown to require a salivary macromolecule ...	1978	415001
use of extractable adenosine triphosphate to estimate the viable cell mass in dental plaque samples obtained from monkeys.	the viable cell mass in plaque samples obtained from monkeys was estimated by determining the concentration of extractable adenosine triphosphate (atp), and total cell mass was estimated by measuring the protein content. the results were expressed in terms of the specific atp and protein contents of streptococcus sanguis. the viable counts estimated by these techniques were comparable to or exceeded viable counts obtained by other investigators using conventional bacteriological methods.	1978	417674
antigens of streptococcus sanguis: purification and characterization of the b antigen.	the antigen defining streptococcus sanguis serotype 2 has been designated the b antigen. this antigen can be detected in extracts, obtained from whole cells by autoclaving (rantz and randall extraction), as a single precipitin band using a reference antiserum (m-5). however, the extract can also be shown to contain a teichoic acid using anti-polyglycerol phosphate serum. this teichoic acid does not contain the antigenic determinant for group h specificity. studies of the b antigen have been hamp ...	1978	711341
discrimination between oral streptococci by pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography.	washed organisms, including strains of streptococcus mitior, s. mutans, and s. sanguis, were examined by curie-point pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography. a linear discriminant function based upon three items from the output data was adequate for segregating the strains according to species. strains with intermediate properties were also encountered. sources of variability in cultures were evaluated, chromatographic performance was maintained throughout the investigation, and matching performance ...	1978	623471
bacterial adherence to virus-infected cells: a cell culture model of bacterial superinfection.	mdck cells (a line of stable canine kidney cells) infected with influenza a/nws/33 virus (a neurotropic variant of the wilson smith strain) were tested with 18 selected bacterial species to determine whether mammalian cells become susceptible to bacterial adherence as a result of virus infection. cell monolayers were washed and examined microscopically for adherence. bacteria of only two of 18 species were seen to adhere to the infected cells: a group b streptococcus and streptococcus sanguis. c ...	1978	627737
[purification and some properties of alpha-l-fucosidase isolated from streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557: role of the enzyme in degradation of salivary glycoprotein].		1978	397322
transformation of group f streptococci by plasmid dna.	when the challis strain of streptococcus sanguis was transformed by the 17 megadalton beta plasmid from streptococcus faecalis strain ds5, the plasmid underwent a 1.5 megadalton deletion (leblanc & hassell, 1976). furthermore, the covalently closed circular (ccc) plasmid dna isolated from challis transformants was rapidly converted to a linear form which did not possess any detectable transforming activity. to obtain stable ccc plasmid dna a competent culture of a lancefield group f streptococcu ...	1978	418149
compounds which affect the adherence of streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans to hydroxyapatite.	several compounds were evaluated in an in vitro assay system for their ability to block the adherence of streptococcus sanguis to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and streptococcus mutans to dextran-coated hydroxyapatitite. fatty acids, ranging from c-12 to c-20, the enzyme amylase, chlorhexidine, human sera, and several serum proteins blocked s sanguis adherence to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. chlorhexidine blocked s mutans adherence to dextran-coated hydroxyapatite, but human sera and serum prote ...	1978	308071
[biological activity of secretory iga--particularly agglutinating activity of salivary siga against oral indigenous microorganisms (author's transl)].		1978	285194
binding of fluoride in oral streptococci.		1978	285654
transformation of streptococcus sanguis to a rough colonial morphology with an increased ability to adhere.		1978	283743
salivary agglutinin and secretory iga reactions with oral streptococci.	s. mutans, s. salivarius, s. mitis and s. sanguis strains were isolated from three subjects of blood groups a, b and o. parotid saliva samples obtained from the same subjects induced aggregation of some of the bacteria, the s. sanguis and the s. mutans strains in particular. while parotid saliva from the three subjects gave almost identical reactions, slight interindividual differences were observed for a few strains with the submandibular sublingual salivas. in parotid saliva, secretory antibod ...	1978	284567
[recurrent aphthous stomatitis in the light of immunologic studies].		1978	274257
microbiota of gingivitis in man.	a study on the predominant cultivable microorganisms inhabiting gingival crevices affected with a chronic gingivitis was carried out using the roll tube culture technique. samples were obtained from nine individuals 25--42 years of age. gram-positive rods make up 29.1% of the isolates and included mainly actinomyces naeslundii, actinomyces israelii, and actinomyces viscosus. streptococcus mitis and streptococcus sanguis together made up 26.8% of the cultivable organisms. peptostreptococcus avera ...	1978	276916
serotypes of streptococcus sanguis from six-year-old children.		1978	277501
experimental formation of "corn cob" in vitro.	organisms isolated from corn cob were examined for aggregation with bacterionema matruchotti. such aggregations, interpreted as corn cob formation, in vitro, occurred with five isolated identified as streptococcus sanguis. a cell-surface component of streptococcus sanguis or a phospholipid-related substance of bacterionema matruchotii appeared to be involved.	1978	277539
the relative cariogenicities of streptococcus milleri and other viridans group streptococci in gnotobiotic hooded rats.		1978	278551
the viability of microorganisms in carious lesions five years after covering with a fissure sealant.	carious lesions that were covered with a pit and fissure sealant for five years yielded bacterial cultures that were predominantly negative. sixteen of 18 test sites judged to have active caries in 1972 were found inactive in 1977; ten of 12 sites suspected to have caries in 1972 were deemed to have inactive caries in 1977. sealant treatment resulted in an apparent 89% reversal from a caries-active to a caries-inactive state. these data confirm and extend previous observations that a limited num ...	1978	279600
dental caries in gnotobiotic rats immunized with purified glucosyltransferase from streptococcus sanguis.		1978	280287
purification and some properties of alpha-l-fucosidase isolated from streptococcus sanguis.	alpha-l-fucosidase acting on naturally occurring substrates was highly purified from the growth culture of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557. the molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 120,000 and the optimal ph was at 5.5. the purified enzyme showed specificity toward the linkage of alpha-(1 leads to 2) fucosides in oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. the enzyme released l-fucose from glycoprotein in human parotid saliva.	1978	281337
distribution of neisseria, rothia and streptococci in early stages of dental plaque.		1978	279416
infective endocarditis: part ii. current therapy.		1978	249230
characterization of a small plasmid determining resistance to erythromycin, lincomycin, and vernamycin balpha in a strain of streptococcus sanguis isolated from dental plaque.	a plasmid determining resistance to erythromycin (inducible), lincomycin, and vernamycin b(alpha) was isolated from a strain of streptococcus sanguis isolated from dental plaque of a patient who had been on erythromycin therapy for an extended period of time. the plasmid, designated pam77, had a molecular weight of 4.5 x 10(6) and was present to the extent of one to two copies per bacterial chromosome. the plasmid could transform s. sanguis strain challis.	1978	96738
activity of three 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives against in vitro dental plaque.	three 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives, assessed using an in vitro preformed dental plaque model system, were differentially inhibitory for four plaque-forming microorganisms.	1978	98105
studies on extracellular proteases of streptococcus sanguis. purification and characterization of a human iga1 specific protease.	extracellular caseinolytic activity was found in the culture fluid of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556 grown in a dialyzed culture medium. this activity was due to multiple proteases that differed in their elution from hydroxyapatite, sensitivity to enzyme inhibitors, specificity and optimum ph. iga protease, which splits human immunoglobulin a1 into intact fc and fab could be effectively separated from these relatively non-specific proteases and purified to apparent homogeneity in 20% yield by ...	1978	102357
immunogenic properties of the glucosyltransferase from streptococcus sanguis omz 9: kinetic study of inhibition by antibodies.	an anti-glucosyltransferase serum was prepared against a pure enzyme preparation from streptococcus sanguis omz 9, which synthesized both soluble and insoluble dextran. sera, crude gamma globulins, and antibody fractions obtained after gel filtration on a bio-gel p200 column were used to study enzyme-antibody interactions. a strong inhibition of glucosyltransferase activity was obtained only with the purified antibody fraction. kinetics studies showed that the anti-glucosyltransferase antibodies ...	1978	78900
new areas arising from studies of secretory immunity.		1978	84518
fimbriae of actinomyces viscosus t14v: their relationship to the virulence-associated antigen and to coaggregation with streptococcus sanguis 34.	1) fimbriae from a. viscosus t14v may be similar to those found on other bacteria. 2) the antigenic difference between virulent and avirulent a. viscosus t14 appears to be of a quantitative rather than a qualitative nature and is related to fimbriae and not to the cell wall polysaccharide. 3) coaggregation between a. viscosus t14v and s. sanguis 34 is mediated by fimbriae on the former which have specificity for beta-linked galactosyl residues.	1978	84522
characterization of a new group specific antigen of streptococcus sanguis.		1978	85601
attachment of bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus to oral surfaces and its possible role in colonization of the mouth and of periodontal pockets.	this investigation examined the ability of cells of bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus 381 to adhere to surfaces that might be important for its initial colonization of the mouth and its subsequent colonization in periodontal pockets. of 48 asaccharolytic strains of b. melaninogenicus, 47 agglutinated human erythrocytes, whereas none of 20 fermentative strains, which included reference cultures of the subspecies intermedius and melaninogenicus, were active. electron microscopy i ...	1978	24002
assay and properties of iga protease of streptococcus sanguis.	an assay procedure for streptococcal iga protease is described which uses isotopically labelled human serum iga as substrate. enzyme activity was monitored by the radioactive counts in the fab alpha product, which was separated from other components in the digestion mixture by electrophoresis. cleavage of iga was linear with respect to time using catalytic amounts of the enzyme. km was calculated to be 5.5 x 10(-6)m, ph optimum 6.0-7.0 at 37 degrees c, and the enzyme was fully inactivated at low ...	1978	33542
interrelationships between lactobacilli and streptococci in plaque formation on a tooth in an artificial mouth.		1978	32164
enchancement of streptococcal transformation yield by proteolytic enzymes.	trypsin and other proteolytic enzymes, added together with transforming dna or during cell-dna contact to competent cultures of several streptococcal strains, enchanced (10 to 600%) the yield of genetic transformation (stimulation). with few exceptions, the level of stimulation was high (over 100%) when competence was low (below 2%). stimulation was caused by the action of an enzyme on competent cells and not on any other component of transformation mixture. the phenomenon occurred when the enzy ...	1978	30748
specific inactivation of heterospecific transforming dna by a factor derived from streptococcus sanguis lysates.	a heat-sensitive factor obtained from lysates of competent streptococcus sanguis cells reacts specifically with native dna of heterospecific (s. pneumoniae or calf thymus) origin. in vitro it does not alter the double or single strand length of the dna, nor does it affect uptake of the dna by compentent s. pneumoniae cells in dnase i-resistant form. following uptake, however, dna previously exposed to the factor loses over 90% of its biological activity. reaction of heterospecific dna with the f ...	1978	26019
fate of heterospecific transforming dna bound to streptococcus sanguis.	the fate of 3h-labeled str-r fus-s dna from streptococcus pneumoniae, bound after a 1-min uptake to 14c-labeled str-s fus-r s. sanguis recipients, was followed by techniques previously developed for analyzing the fate of homospecific dna. heterospecific s. pneumoniae dna was bound and formed complexes with recipient protein in a manner similar to that of homospecific dna but transformed relatively poorly. the rate at which complexed heterospecific dna becomes physically associated with recipient ...	1978	25262
competence-related increased enzyme release from streptococcus sanguis (wicky) cells.	the ablity of competent and noncompetent streptococcus sanguis (strain wicky) cells to release enzymes to the environment was studied. both competent and noncompetent cells leaked the enzymes tested (aldolase, phosphatase and deoxyribonuclease), but the activities liberated from the competent cells were always roughly 2-fold higher than those released from noncompetent cells. this increased enzyme leakage from competent cells occured in all kinds of media and procedures employed. the leakage of ...	1978	81592
genital occurrence of oral microbiota.	recent studies indicate that tonsillar gonococcal infection or colonization is fairly common. carriage rates of about 8% have been found. these studies also indicate that oro-genital contacts are common. since very little is known about the amount of oral microbiota transmitted to the genitals, we have studied the occurrence of oral streptococci and neisseria species in urethra and cervix. among 128 patients attending an std-clinic we found 10 carriers of oral streptococci, one streptococcus mit ...	1978	82332
streptococci and the human oral flora.		1978	83002
plaque formation in vitro by actinomyces viscosus in the presence of streptococcus sanguis or streptococcus mutans.	actinomyces viscosus, growing on a tooth in the presence of sucrose, slowly produced a loosely-attached plaque, the ph being 6.1 after 120 h. when the tooth was inoculated simultaneously with a. viscosus and either streptococcus sanguis or streptococcus mutans, firmly-adherent plaque was quickly formed and the ph fell below 5 after 33 h with the former streptococcus and 24 h with the latter. a. viscosus disappeared from each mixed plaque by 120 h.	1978	42006
factors affecting the aggregation of actinomyces naeslundii during growth and in washed cell suspensions.	various factors affecting the aggregation of actinomyces naeslundii strain 12104 were studied. when the ph of glucose-supplemented growth medium fell below 5.5, the cells aggregated and formed microbial masses which tenaciously adhered to the culture vessels. when the organism was cultured in the same medium in the absence of glucose, maximum growth was reduced and the final culture ph values remained above 6.5, but the cells were more dispersed and nonadherent. adjusting the final ph of these c ...	1978	30700