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prevalence of antibodies to five selected zoonosis agents in monkeys.the prevalence of antibodies against 5 zoonosis agents was determined in serum samples of 443 breeding monkeys. of the monkeys, 296 were bred or kept for a long time at r institute, and the remaining 147 were newly imported from the philippines and kept at s institute for quarantine. antibodies to simian virus 40 were highly prevalent at 89.1% among monkeys of r institute, whereas no antibody could be detected in those of s institute. antibodies to chlamydia psittaci and yersinia pseudotuberculo ...19911657210
serological studies on leptospira strain ictero no. i using monoclonal antibodies.in order to elucidate the full serological characteristics of strain ictero no. i, the first strain of leptospira isolated by inada and ido in 1914, 17 monoclonal antibodies against the strain were produced by cell fusion technology. the antibody-producing hybridomas were designated imas 1 to 17. the reactivities of the monoclonal antibodies produced by the hybridomas were determined by the microscopic agglutination test. one of the 17 monoclonal antibodies, ima 1, reacted with strains ictero no ...19911714535
cloning, characterization and taxonomic significance of genes for the 5s ribosomal rna of leptonema illini strain 3055.the genes encoding the 5s ribosomal rna (rrna) for leptonema illini strain 3055 were isolated and sequenced. the 5s rna molecule encoded was 117 nucleotides long. the genome of strain 3055 contained two genes for 5s rrna that were located close together. the nucleotide sequences of the leptonema illini genes exhibited less similarity to the rrna gene of leptospira interrogans strain moulton and also to those of typical eubacterial genes than did the rrna genes of other leptospires. however, the ...19911720165
use of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect the igm and igg antibody response to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in pregnant ewes.fourteen pregnant ewes were inoculated with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo via intramuscular injection or inoculation via the conjunctiva. the serological response to inoculation detected by the microscopic agglutination test was compared to igm and igg antibody levels detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. intramuscular injection produced a better serological response than conjunctival inoculation. the mean igm response was short lived whereas the igg antibody response and the ma ...19911741914
leptospires isolated from toads and frogs on the island of barbados.four pathogenic strains of leptospires were isolated from the kidneys of toads (bufo marinus) and seven from frogs (eleutherodactylus johnstonei). isolates from two toads and one frog belonged to serovar bim, the causative agent of most cases of severe leptospirosis on barbados. the other eight strains belonged to a new serovar within the australis serogroup. the name bajan is proposed for this new serovar of leptospira interrogans.19911741925
sample preparation method for polymerase chain reaction-based semiquantitative detection of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo subtype hardjobovis in bovine urine.an improved method of preparing bovine urine samples was developed for the rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo (subtype hardjobovis) dna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a total of 100 leptospire-free cows, 4 experimentally infected cows, and 2 negative control cows were used. pcr results were improved by (i) using 10-ml urine samples instead of 1-ml samples, (ii) adding 10(7) to 10(8) leptospira biflexa serovar patoc cells as a carrier to eac ...19911757552
gold immunoblot analysis of igm-specific antibody in the diagnosis of human leptospirosis.an immunoblot for the detection of leptospirosis was developed in our laboratory. antigen prepared from leptospira interrogans serovar bataviae was dotted onto nitrocellulose paper and blocked with skim milk. test and control sera diluted 1:20 were applied to the dot, incubated, and washed. anti-human igm colloidal gold conjugate was added and the dots were washed. a positive reaction was shown by the development of a pink dot against a white background. the test was performed on 62 sera that te ...19911763792
effect of vaccination with a monovalent leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis vaccine on type hardjo-bovis infection of cattle.effectiveness of 2 concentrations of a monovalent vaccine containing leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis was evaluated for protection of heifers from infection with type hardjo-bovis. nine heifers were given 2 doses of low-dose vaccine (8.32 x 10(8) cells/dose); 9 heifers were given 2 doses of high-dose vaccine (8.32 x 10(9) cells/dose); and 1 steer and 1 heifer were maintained as nonvaccinated controls. groups of vaccinated cattle were challenge-exposed with serovar hardjo t ...19911767985
lipids and fatty acids of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni virulent strain shibaura.lipids and fatty acids of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni virulent strain shibaura were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, gas-mass spectrometry and infrared absorption spectrometry. the virulent cells possessed a characteristic lipid pattern consisting of free fatty acid (ffa) (41.8%), one major unidentified phospholipid (14.8%), phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) (12.9%), cholesteryl ester (ce) (9.3%), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lpe) (4.9%) and diphospha ...19911784083
survey to estimate prevalence of leptospira interrogans infection in mature cattle in the united states.a total of 5,142 kidney tissue samples and 5,111 serum samples from mature cattle in 49 states and puerto rico were collected at slaughter. age of cattle ranged from 1 to 16 years (mean, 6.6 years). leptospires were isolated from 88 (1.7%) kidney tissues, and 2,493 (49%) sera contained antibodies against 1 or more of 12 leptospira interrogans serovars. leptospires were observed by immunofluorescence in 41 (0.8%) kidney tissues. using agglutinin-absorption tests, 73 (83%) isolates were identified ...19911785719
relationships between prevalence of leptospira interrogans in cattle, and regional, climatic, and seasonal factors.on the basis of serologic test results and isolation of leptospires from mature cattle, distribution and prevalence of leptospira interrogans serovars and genotypes were compared by state and region of the united states. relationships between isolation rate and month of sample collection, mean regional temperature, and mean regional precipitation were examined. isolation rate and seroprevalence were significantly (p less than 0.001) higher for southeastern, south central, and pacific coastal reg ...19911785720
leptospira interrogans serovar canicola: a causal agent of sow abortions in arequipa, peru.an outbreak of abortions, stillbirths, mummified piglets and neonatal deaths in a pig herd in arequipa, peru is described. a total of 31 of 240 sows aborted between may and september 1988. when sera were examined 12 of 14 had very high titres of antibody to canicola pc125 and canicola hond utrecht, but there were also high titres of antibody to other leptospiral serovars. a detailed investigation was made and serovar canicola pc125 was isolated from the urine of four sows which had aborted and t ...19911796527
leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava infection. 19911800472
isolation and characterization of partially purified leptospiral antigens.the methanol extract of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola was purified by precipitation with acetone or acetone and chloroform. the antigenicity of the antigen was not altered by heating or treatment with pepsin and pronase. however the antigenicity was lost when the antigen was treated with periodic acid. chemical analysis revealed the presence of 40% carbohydrate (22% methylpentose, 28% hexoses), 4% protein, 20% lipid and 2.7% phosphate. the complement fixation test with sera from patien ...19911844967
characterization of borrelia coriaceae antigens with monoclonal antibodies.three monoclonal antibodies (f6f3, f6b11, and f6b3) were developed against borrelia coriaceae antigens. all three antibodies appeared to be specific for this species and did not cross-react with borrelia burgdorferi (strains b31 and irs), borrelia hermsii, borrelia anserina, leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, or treponema hyodysenteriae, as determined by indirect fluorescent antibody staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western immunoblot analysis. only one of these antibodies, f ...19911855995
comparison of protective effects with tetra-valent glycolipid antigens and whole cell-inactivated vaccine in experimental infection of leptospira.the protective antigens (pags), glycolipid substance, were extracted from leptospira interrogans serovars autumnalis, hebdomadis, australis and copenhageni, which were considered as main causal serovars of human leptospirosis in japan, with chloroform-methanol-water (1:2:0.8, [vol/vol/vol]) solution. the tetra-valent formalin-inactivated leptospiral vaccine (weil's disease and akiyami combined vaccine) composed of the four serovars mentioned are used as vaccine to protect human from leptospiral ...19911870437
antigens recognized by the human immune response to severe leptospirosis in barbados.serum samples obtained from patients hospitalized in barbados with severe leptospirosis were tested by the microscopic agglutination test (mat), enzyme immunoassay (eia) and immunoblotting with leptospires that had been isolated from these patients. while serum samples taken a few days after onset of symptoms often showed no apparent correlation between mat and eia, later sequential serum samples produced similar profiles in both tests during the course of infection. immunoblotting sonicate from ...19911879481
prevalence of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo antibodies in milk in belgian dairy herds.pooled milk samples were collected from 2000 belgian dairy herds in the autumn of 1989. antibodies against leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo were detected in 9.2% of the herds, with the incidence being higher in the southern part of the country.19911882491
effect of heat or formalin treatment of leptospires on antibody response detected by immunoblotting.leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae rga (rga), live or heated at 56 degrees c for 15 min or treated with formalin, was injected into rabbits to prepare hyperimmune serum. the pathogens l. interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae rga, icterohaemorrhagiae 1, canicola moulton, grippotyphosa andaman, hardjo hardjoprajitno, and pomona pomona and the nonpathogen leptospina biflexa serovar patoc patoc 1 were processed for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and aft ...19911885754
detection and characterization of leptospiral antigens using a biotin/avidin double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot.a biotin/avidin double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antigens of leptospira interrogans serovars in experimentally inoculated bovine urine samples was evaluated. immunoglobulin g (igg) from rabbits immunized with l. interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjobovis sonicated, whole cell, and formalinized-heated antigen preparations were purified by a protein a-superose column coupled to fast protein liquid chromatography, and evaluated for species spe ...19911889035
serological follow-up of patients involved in a localized outbreak of leptospirosis.eighteen patients involved in a localized outbreak of leptospirosis were subjected to a serological follow-up study over a 5-year period. four distinct sets of sera from all patients and a fifth sample obtained from 10 of them were examined by the microscopic agglutination test (mat) for demonstration of leptospiral antibodies. the test was carried out by using live leptospires from reference strains of 17 leptospira interrogans serovars known to occur in italy. in all cases, the highest titers ...19911890181
diagnosis and prevalence of leptospira infection in aborted and stillborn horses.a study was conducted to evaluate a recently available fluorescent antibody test (fat) conjugate for the detection of leptospires in tissues of aborted and stillborn horses, to determine the leptospira antibody titers and compare serologic test results with fat results, and to determine the prevalence of leptospira-induced abortions and stillbirths in the equine population of central kentucky. from july 1, 1988 through june 30, 1989, 15 (2.5%) of 594 submissions (fetuses, stillborn foals, and/or ...19911892931
reproductive failure associated with leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava infection of swine.specimens from 17 swine herds experiencing reproductive failure were examined for leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava. clinical signs observed in these herds included stillborn pigs, weak neonatal pigs, and abortion. diagnostic tests used to determine l. interrogans serovar bratislava infection were bacteriologic culture, serologic assays to detect antibodies, and immunofluorescence. examination of fetal serum for antibodies against serovar bratislava and a fluorescent antibody test were t ...19911892932
characterization of outer membrane and secreted proteins of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona.outer membrane and secreted proteins were isolated from leptospira interrogans serovar pomona and characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblot and radioimmunoprecipitation techniques. the l. interrogans outer membranes were extracted with triton x-114 and contained several proteins. the major cellular protein with a molecular mass of 31 kda was associated exclusively with the l. interrogans outer membrane. using a whole cell immunoprecipitation method, f ...19911895930
experimental lethal infection of leptospira interrogans in mice treated with cyclophosphamide.after preadministration of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg), balb/c mice were lethally infected with leptospira interrogans serovar lai and a virulent strain of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni, and leptospiral cells were detected in both kidneys of infected mice by indirect immunofluorescent assay. nonpathogenic leptospirae, leptospira biflexa serovar patoc, leptonema illini, and an avirulent strain of l. interrogans serovar copenhageni, were not parasitic to the mice treated with cycloph ...19911913341
the use of methanol extract of leptospira interrogans in complement fixation tests for leptospirosis.methanol extracts were obtained from l. interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola and l. biflexa serovar patoc. human sera from 167 normal individuals and 40 patients with different infectious diseases tested by complement fixation tests showed negative reactions. sera from 100 patients with a suspicion of leptospirosis were tested by complement fixation tests and microscopic agglutination reactions. agreement of 84% was found for those two reactions. positive microscopic agglutinati ...19911913350
leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava infection in two dogs.two dogs with clinical histories suggestive of leptospirosis were examined serologically and culturally for evidence of leptospiral infection. antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava were detected in serum from one dog, and the organism was isolated from urine of that dog. in a serologic survey of dogs in the state of illinois, reactor rates to bratislava were higher than those to canicola or icterohaemorrhagiae. in cases of suspect canine leptospirosis, serovars such as bratisla ...19911917641
phylogenetic analysis of the spirochetes.the 16s rrna sequences were determined for species of spirochaeta, treponema, borrelia, leptospira, leptonema, and serpula, using a modified sanger method of direct rna sequencing. analysis of aligned 16s rrna sequences indicated that the spirochetes form a coherent taxon composed of six major clusters or groups. the first group, termed the treponemes, was divided into two subgroups. the first treponeme subgroup consisted of treponema pallidum, treponema phagedenis, treponema denticola, a thermo ...19911917844
a comparative investigation and identification of leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae strains by monoclonal antibody and dna fingerprint analyses.the identification of leptospira interrogans icterohaemorrhagiae strains from a number of reference laboratories were confirmed using monoclonal antibody (moab) and dna restriction endonuclease (ecor1) analyses. with a few exceptions, strain fidelity was demonstrated. three clinical isolates and one isolate from a rat (rattus norvegicus) were identified on dna fragment patterns and found to be similar to the reference strains, icterohaemorrhagiae copenhageni, i. "icterohaemorrhagiae" ictero i an ...19911930573
genome conservation in isolates of leptospira interrogans.reference strains for each of the 23 serogroups of leptospira interrogans yielded different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of noti digestion products. this was also the case for the 14 serovars belonging to serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae (with one exception). the noti restriction patterns of 45 clinical leptospiral isolates belonging to serovar icterohaemorrhagiae were analyzed and compared with those of type strains. no differences were observed between isolates from countries of diff ...19911938954
identification of related dna sequences in borrelia burgdorferi and two strains of leptospira interrogans by using polymerase chain reaction.the suitability of a polymerase chain reaction assay for borrelia burgdorferi in epidemiological studies of infected tick populations was evaluated by using 28 strains of leptospira interrogans and lysates of fixed adult ixodes tick tissues. two false positives representing leptospires were differentiated from b. burgdorferi by using an oligonucleotide probe.19911939594
the role of the common vole (microtus arvalis) in the epidemiology of bovine infection with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo.control of leptospirosis in cattle depends on the presence of other possible maintenance hosts, with which cattle may have contact. twenty-seven common voles (microtus arvalis) were trapped on a dairy farm where the cattle were infected with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo (hardjo). in the sera of 11 voles, titres greater than or equal to 100 against serogroup grippotyphosa were measured with the microscopical agglutination test (mat). from 8 of these 11 voles, which also showed interstiti ...19911949549
the influence of maternal antibody and age of calves on effective vaccination against leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo.twelve seronegative cows were vaccinated with an experimental bivalent leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona vaccine late in their first pregnancy. calves born of these dams were divided into 4 equal groups that received this vaccine at 4, 6, 10 and 18 weeks of age, respectively. before vaccination the group geometric mean titres of maternally-derived circulating antibodies ranged from 2 to 25 for the microscopic agglutination (ma) test and 3 to 35 for enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ...19911953564
potency of leptospiral vaccines and protection against chronic infection in golden hamsters.seven vaccines prepared from pathogenic strains of different origin of leptospira interrogans [serovars icterohaemorrhagiae (one strain) and copenhageni (6 strains)] were examined in protection tests on golden hamsters. two of the copenhageni strains were used for challenge. the organs (kidneys, spleen, liver) in the vaccinated animals surviving challenge were protected to a varying degree. low rates of survival were associated with a high incidence of leptospira-positive findings, partly connec ...19911959318
biotinylated probes to detect leptospira interrogans on dot blot hybridization or by in situ hybridization.total genomic biotinylated probes which can identify leptospires by hybridization on filters or by in situ hybridization are described in this study. according to the weak g + c content of the strains studied (35-39%) and owing to the decreasing melting temperature (tm) due to overbiotinylation, hybridization and wash temperatures were optimized at 33 degrees c and at 42 degrees c respectively. fourteen serovars of leptospira interrogans belonging to 11 different serogroups and three serovars of ...19911367181
pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis of leptospiral dna.the genomic structures of spirochete species are not well characterized, and genetic studies on these organisms have been hampered by lack of a genetic exchange mechanism in these bacteria. in view of these observations, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to examine the genomes of leptospira species. live cells, prepared in agarose plugs, were lysed in situ, and the dna was analyzed under different electrophoretic conditions. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of dna digested with infrequen ...19911987046
changes in the surface of leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa during in vitro cultivation.surface components of virulent and attenuated leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa were compared by using triton x-114 solubilization and phase partitioning, immunoprecipitation of intact organisms, and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. removal of the leptospiral outer membrane by using 0.1% triton x-114 was demonstrated by whole-mount electron microscopy and by essentially complete solubilization of a lipopolysaccharidelike substance (lls) from the outer membrane. triton x-114 (0.1%) ...19911997416
heat shock response of spirochetes.we examined the heat shock response of the pathogenic spirochetes treponema pallidum, borrelia burgdorferi, and leptospira interrogans and certain saprophytic spirochetes. cellular proteins synthesized after shifts to higher temperatures were [35s]methionine labeled and analyzed by gel electrophoresis and fluorography. only t. pallidum failed to exhibit an obvious heat shock response. groel and dnak homologs were identified in the various species, although these proteins were not thermoinducible ...19912004832
[leptospirosis in swine; observations on the serological diagnosis of leptospira interrogans serotype bratislava].leptospirosis is considered to be an important cause of porcine reproductive failure. in this respect recently attention is paid to the possible role of leptospira interrogans serotype bratislava (bratislava). in the present paper the results of serotype bratislava serology conducted on three farms are presented and discussed. on two of the farms no reproductive failure was observed. on the third farm with a high percentage of return to service a longitudinal search was done. no relation could b ...19912008705
protein and antigen profiles of prevalent serovars of leptospira interrogans.whole-cell and detergent-soluble proteins, enriched for outer membrane antigens, of the leptospira interrogans serovars present in commercially available pentavalent vaccines (hardjo, pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa, and canicola) were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting (immunoblotting). protein and antigenic profiles of these serovars, representing several serogroups, were compared with similar profiles of the most common north ...19912019441
serologic survey for bovine pathogens in free-ranging european bison from poland.from 1980 to 1983, blood was taken from 60 selected european bison (bison bonasus) in poland. serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against brucella abortus, 14 serovars of leptospira interrogans, chlamydia spp., coxiella burnetti; foot and and mouth disease virus, bovine leukemia virus and bovine herpes virus-1. in addition, an attempt was made to isolate bovine herpes virus-1 from the prepuce of selected bulls. serological tests suggested chlamydial infection in 28 bison, su ...19912023316
the serological response of calves to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo vaccines and infection as measured by the microscopic agglutination test and anti-igm and anti-igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.the microscopic agglutination test (mat) and the anti-igm and anti-igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) were used to examine sera taken over the course of 16 weeks from 35 calves vaccinated and/or infected with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. the relationship between the igm and igg responses to vaccination and infection were determined. the rapid and high rise in igm levels following challenge made the anti-igm elisa a potentially good indicator of recently established infectio ...19912024440
differential susceptibility of two stocks of mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) to leptospira.mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) of tumble blook (tum) and japan medical science (jms) stocks were compared with regard to susceptibility to leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. the tum gerbil died 6 to 9 d after intraperitoneal inoculation with 10 organisms, showing jaundice and systemic hemorrhage. however, 25% of the jms gerbils survived infection with 10(3) or 10(4) organisms and there was no fatal case after infection with 10(2) organisms.19912025654
serological and cultural examination for human leptospirosis in plateau state, nigeria.in a serological examination of 710 serum samples collected from human volunteers in plateau state, nigeria, 128 (18.0pc) had leptospiral antibody titres of 1:100 and above. the prevalence of antibodies to individual serovars were: hardjo 28 (21.9pc), pomona 18 (14.1pc), canicola 17 (13.3pc), grippotyphosa 15 (11.7pc), pyrogenes 13 (10.2pc), icterohaemorrhagiae 12 (0.4pc) and autumnalis 8 (6.3pc). there was no statistical difference in the prevalence rate of leptospirosis in the different local ...19912060002
seroepidemiology of leptospirosis in minnesota wolves.serum samples (n = 457) from wolves (canis lupus) in northern minnesota were collected from 1972 through 1986 and were tested for antibodies against leptospira interrogans using a microtiter agglutination test. twelve serovars included in the study were: australis, autumnalis, ballum, bataviae, bratislava, canicola, copenhageni, grippotyphosa, hardjo, pomona, pyrogenes, and tarassovi. fifty-two (11%) sera had antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:50 against one or more serovars of l. int ...19912067045
cloning of genes for a hemolytic factor of leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis strain congo 21-543.a dna fragment encoding a hemolytic factor was cloned from the parasitic spirochete leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis strain congo 21-543. initial clones were isolated by screening a genomic library in pbr322 in escherichia coli for hemolytic activity. hemolytic activity was coded by a 4.5 kilobase bamhi-hindiii fragment. southern hybridization with dnas from other strains of leptospira using this gene as a probe showed that dnas from non-parasitic strains failed to hybridize with the pr ...19902077368
the effect of storage time on isolation of leptospira interrogans from bovine kidneys.kidney tissues from 20 cattle infected with leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo, pomona, or grippotyphosa were cultured on the day of slaughter and 3, 6, and 8 days later to examine the effect of storage time on the recovery of leptospires by conventional culture methods. leptospires were isolated from 85% of infected bovine kidney tissues cultured on day 1, and from 95%, 90%, and 90% of kidney tissues stored in transport medium at 4 c for 3, 6, and 8 days, respectively, prior to inoculation ...19902090270
first isolation of bacteriophages for a spirochaete: potential genetic tools for leptospira.three bacteriophages of the saprophytic aquicole bacterium leptospira biflexa were isolated from sewage waters from the outskirts of paris, france. these phages do not infect representative strains of the pathogenic species leptospira interrogans, and their host range is restricted to serovar patoc of the saprophytic species. the phages were found to be lytic and no lysogenic state could be demonstrated. electron micrographs showed that the phages were morphologically identical and had polyhedra ...19902092364
[detection of the microquantity dna of leptospira interrogans by polymerase chain reaction].leptospirosis is a severe zoonosis in the world. the methods for detecting leptospira are not sensitive and specific so far. the problems in early diagnosis and epidemiological identification of leptospirosis remain unsolved. two recombinant dna fragments of serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae, leptospira were selected by repeated molecular cloning and screening in this study firstly. one of them can hybridize with the dna of various serogroups of leptospira interrogans; the other can only hybridize w ...19902093056
the effect of heat-inactivation on agglutinating antibody titers to leptospira interrogans. 19902094439
porcine leptospirosis in iowa.the epidemiology of leptospirosis in iowa swine was examined on the basis of serologic results and herd data from 55 herds in the national animal health monitoring system (nahms) program and culture results and histories from 578 cases of reproductive failure submitted to the iowa veterinary diagnostic laboratory during a 3-year period. thirty-eight percent of sera from nahms herds contained antibodies against 1 or more of 12 leptospira antigens. leptospires were isolated from 9 (1.6%) of 578 ca ...19902094443
evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis caused by leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis.sensitivity and specificity of 4 different antigen preparations from leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo were compared in an enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies against serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis in serum. two antigens prepared using detergents showed serogroup cross-reactivity. a mechanically extracted membrane and a lipopolysaccharide antigen showed a high degree of leptospiral serogroup specificity. the lipopolysaccharide antigen was the most suitable antigen for detection ...19902095282
[immunodiagnosis of human leptospirosis by elisa-igm, employing different antigenic preparations from prevalent serovars of leptospira interrogans].a comparative study among different serovars of leptospira interrogans was performed in order to prepare antigens to detect igm antibodies by elisa in early and late phase of human leptospirosis. ten serovars were chosen among the most prevalent detected by microscopic seroagglutination (sam) in são paulo city. using elisa-igm five of them showed better results (canicola, hebdomadis, icterohaemorrhagiae, cynopteri and brasiliensis). these ones were also studied in a pool. the non-treated antigen ...19902101517
zoonotic infections in northern ireland farmers.evidence of past zoonotic infection was investigated serologically in randomly selected northern ireland farmers. the percentage of farmers with antibody was: brucella abortus (0.7), leptospira interrogans serovars (8.1), borrelia burgdorferi (14.3), toxoplasma gondii (73.5), coxiella burnetii (28.0), chlamydia psittaci (11.1) and hantavirus (1.2). the results show that northern ireland farmers have been exposed in the past to zoonotic infections. it is not known if these infections contributed ...19902123457
[high resolution light microscopy: adaptation of the method and its use in the study of experimental leptospirosis in guinea pigs].morphological lesions in parenchimal and mesenchimal structures of liver and kidney were studied in guinea-pigs experimentally infected with leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae in comparison with a group of non-infected guinea-pigs. all specimens were submitted to conventional light microscopy as well as to high resolution light microscopy, in one micrometer sections of tissue embedded in glycolmethacrylate. high resolution light microscopy, applied for the first time in leptosp ...19902135358
molecular analysis of a sphingomyelinase c gene from leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo.a thermolabile hemolysin from leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, strain sponselee, was shown to specifically degrade sphingomyelin. nucleotide sequence determination revealed that sphingomyelinase activity was encoded by an open reading frame of 1,668 nucleotides. although a putative signal sequence could be identified, no evidence for protein export in either l. interrogans or escherichia coli was obtained. the apparent molecular mass of the expression product in e. coli minicells was 41.2 ...19902163985
protective activity of glycolipid antigen against infection by leptospira interrogans serovar canicola.a protective glycolipid antigen (pag) was extracted from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola with chloroform/methanol/water (1:2:0.8, by vol.) and partially purified by silica gel column chromatography. the pag elicited a protective response in hamsters and in cyclophosphamide-treated mice subsequently challenged with homologous leptospira. the pag band was detected as a single smear-like band, corresponding to a protein of 23-30 kda, by silver-staining in sds-page. in immunoblots, this band ...19902182771
isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava from stillborn and weak pigs in iowa.leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava was isolated from a herd of swine in iowa with a history of stillborn and weak neonatal pigs. placentas, kidneys, and lungs of stillborn and weak pigs from 3 litters were processed to detect leptospires by use of bacteriologic culture and fluorescent antibody testing. sera from stillborn and weak pigs were tested to detect agglutinating antibody against leptospires. a low antibody titer against l interrogans serovar bratislava was detected in the sera of ...19902189848
cloning of genes required for amino acid biosynthesis from leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae.leptospira interrogans belongs to a large family of important pathogens, which is part of the order spirochaetales, a distinct group of eubacteria. in order to obtain a better understanding of the genetic organization of this species, we have constructed a dna library of the serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, using the escherichia coli vector puc13. we have isolated leptospira dna fragments containing the genetic information required to complement strains of e. coli with defects in proline and leucine ...19902204676
susceptibility of mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) to leptospires and the protective effect of vaccination.mongolian gerbils, meriones unguiculatus, were shown to be highly susceptible to leptospira interrogans serovars such as icterohaemorrhagiae, copenhageni, canicola, autumnalis, javanica, pyrogenes and hebdomadis as compared to guinea pigs and hamsters. mortality with signs of haemorrhage and jaundice was recorded in all experimental rodents after intraperitoneal inoculation with all strains of the serovars indicated. however, mongolian gerbils were comparatively susceptible to strains which were ...19902219666
serum agglutinating antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar canicola presumed due to serovar robinsoni infection in an australian dog. 19902222370
leptospira interrogans serovar unipertama isolated in malaysia.a leptospiral isolate from a bovine kidney was found to be antigenically different from all previously recognized serovars of leptospira interrogans based on the cross-agglutinin absorption test. the new serovar belongs to the sejroe serogroup, and the name leptospira interrogans serovar unipertama is proposed for it, with strain k2-1 as the reference strain.19902223603
evaluation of monoclonal antibody f9-4 as immunological probe for leptospira interrogans.i assayed the lack of reactivity of monoclonal antibody (mab) f9-4 with nonpathogenic leptospires. of 47 saprophytic strains tested, 46 did not react in an enzyme immunoassay and 1 was recognized by mab f9-4, as usually reported with pathogenic leptospira strains. on the other hand, the mab did not react with one pathogenic strain, thus showing that the ability of mab f9-4 to discriminate between pathogenic and nonpathogenic leptospires is not absolute.19902229401
species differentiation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo strain hardjobovis from strain hardjoprajitno by dna slot blot hybridisation.slot blot hybridisation studies with total genomic dna probes were used to compare leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo strain hardjoprajitno, strain hardjobovis and a number of other leptospira interrogans serovars. strains hardjoprajitno and hardjobovis were found to have little genetic relationship with each other when compared to some of the other serovars tested. hardjoprajitno is closely related to serovar icterohaemorrhagiae and not to hardjobovis whereas hardjobovis is closely related t ...19902236916
vaccination of mice with lipopolysaccharide (lps) and lps-derived immuno-conjugates from leptospira interrogans.mice were vaccinated with lipopolysaccharide (lps) from leptospira interrogans serovar pomona or hardjo, or with the polysaccharide (ps) fraction of the lps, or with an immunoconjugate of ps and diphtheria toxoid (dt). maximum agglutinin titres were found 6-10 weeks after vaccination with lps or ps-dt conjugate; the latter elicited antibody titres at least 10 times higher than those produced in response to lps. animals failed to react significantly to ps. titres elicited by antigens of serovar p ...19902250290
antigens recognized by the human immune response to vaccination with a bivalent hardjo/pomona leptospiral vaccine.serum from volunteer subjects vaccinated with a bivalent whole cell vaccine of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo/serovar pomona grown in protein-free medium, was tested by the microscopic agglutination test (mat), enzyme-immunoassay (eia) and immunoblotting. specific igm antibodies to either serovars hardjo or pomona were detected in some subjects as early as 6 days after vaccination with peak antibody levels occurring 13-68 days after vaccination. whereas all subjects produced specific igm ...19902257162
biological activities and endotoxic activities of protective antigens (pags) of leptospira interrogans.the biological and endotoxic activities of protective antigens (pags) prepared by the chloroform-methanol-water method from leptospira interrogans serovars lai, copenhageni and canicola were examined. the pag preparations did not show a local shwartzman reaction in the rabbits at doses of 100 micrograms and 50 micrograms/site and lethal toxicity to galactosamine-sensitized mice at the dose of 12.5 micrograms to 50 micrograms/mouse. pags exhibited a weak cytotoxic action on peritoneal exudate mac ...19902261063
biological effects of leptospiral lipopolysaccharide to mouse b, t and nk cells.leptospiral lipopolysaccharides (lpss) extracted from leptospira interrogans serovars copenhageni and hebdomadis were tested for the biological effect to mouse b, t and nk cells. each leptospiral lps was a potent mitogen for spleen b cells. activation of the cells was also expressed by polyclonal b cell activation. in contrast, mitogenicity for t cells, induction of interleukin-2 (il-2) secretion in t cells and increase of tumor-killing activity and chemiluminescence in nk cells were not observe ...19902280502
purification and characterization of a protein antigen from leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, common to a wide range of bacteria.a protein with a molecular mass of 64 kda (p64) from leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was partially purified by using successively, phase partitioning with triton x-114, ion-exchange chromatography and sucrose gradient centrifugation. purification to homogeneity was obtained by electroelution of p64 from sds-polyacrylamide gels. monospecific rabbit antiserum (r alpha p64) was prepared using the purified protein preparation. p64 had a native molecular mass of greater than 670 kda and was rec ...19902283504
evaluation of an elisa for the diagnosis of experimentally induced and naturally occurring leptospira hardjo infections in cattle.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the diagnosis of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo (hardjo) infection in cattle was compared with the microscopic agglutination test (mat). glutardialdehyde was used in the elisa to couple sonicated hardjo antigen to the microtiter plate. mouse monoclonal anti-bovine igg1 coupled to peroxidase was used as conjugate. sera from calves experimentally inoculated with hardjo reacted positively in the mat as early as 10 days after inoculation; these ...19902305547
in vitro association of leptospires with host cells.interactions of leptospira interrogans with cultured endothelial and kidney epithelial cells were assayed by examining (i) cytoadherence of intrinsically radiolabeled leptospires to eucaryotic cell monolayers and (ii) penetration of leptospires through cell monolayers grown on polycarbonate filters in chemotaxis chambers. l. interrogans serovars attached to cultured cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. adherence was diminished following pretreatment of organisms with proteases, rabbit imm ...19902307512
nucleotide sequence of a 16s rrna gene for leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton. 19902326171
immunological reactivity and passive protective activity of monoclonal antibodies against protective antigen (pag) of leptospira interrogans serovar lai.monoclonal antibody (mab) ag1 against the protective antigen (pag) was produced and characterized. it had been extracted from leptospira interrogans serovar lai by the chloroform-methanol-water method and was of glycolipid nature (23-30kd). the fact that the pag was a serogroup-specific antigen was shown by mab ag1, because mab ag1 agglutinated serovars of serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae. purified mab lw2 and lw3 which are agglutinating antibodies of serovar lai and ag1 passively protected hamster ...19902331299
heat stability of protective antigen of leptospira interrogans serovar lai.protective antigen (pag; glycolipid antigen; molecular size, 23 to 30 kilodaltons), the serogroup-specific antigen partially purified from leptospiral cells, is one of the most important protective antigens. the heat stability of pag was compared with that of whole-cell (wc) antigen by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, protective activity, opsonin-inducing activity, agglutinating antibody-inducing activity, and an inhibition test in an enzyme-linked ...19902332463
isolation and characterization of the 5s rrna gene of leptospira interrogans.the gene encoding the 5s rrna for leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton was isolated and sequenced. the 5s rrna gene occurs as a single copy within the genome and encodes a 117-nucleotide-long rna molecule. the 5s rrna gene is flanked at both the 5' and 3' ends by regions of a + t-rich sequences, and the 5'-flanking region contains a promoter sequence. l. interrogans has a unique and remarkable organization of the 5s rrna gene. the 5s rrna molecule exhibits a strong similarity t ...19902345145
unique ribosome structure of leptospira interrogans is composed of four rrna components.all known ribosomes of procaryotic organisms are made up of three rrna components that are 23, 16, and 5s in size. we now report that in some leptospira interrogans strains, the classical 23s rrna is further processed to generate 14 and 17s rrnas. this processing step was previously known to occur only in some eucaryotes and in a small group of procaryotes. the implications of this finding are discussed.19902345155
serologic analyses of cottontail rabbits for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in cottontail rabbits captured in millbrook, n.y., and new york, n.y. five antigenically variable strains of b. burgdorferi were analyzed to determine the variability of serologic test results. in analyses of 79 serum samples, seropositivity ranged from 56% for a strain cultured from kidney tissues of a cottontail rabbit to 68% for a strain isolated from a larva of ixodes dentatus, a tick that parasit ...19902351732
isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar mozdok from aborted swine fetuses in portugal. 19902382358
[study on the characteristics of agglutination reaction of mcab with leptospira interrogans outer envelope].three mcab were produced against an outer envelope preparation from leptospira, interrogans, serovar lai by fusion of sp2/0 myeloma cells with immune balb/c mice spleen cells. the fusion rate was 96% and the antibody positive rate was 50%. one of the hybridomas, e4b11c9, reacted with 13 of the 13 serovars of the icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup in microscopic agglutination test (mat) but did not react with the 18 representative serovars of l. interrogans and l. biflexa serovar patoc and leptonema i ...19902391093
nucleic acid probe characterizes leptospira interrogans serovars by restriction fragment length polymorphisms.restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) of genomic dna can discriminate between many leptospira interrogans serovars. however, several serovars have similar restriction endonuclease digestion patterns which prohibits accurate identification. this investigation expands previous rea studies of l. interrogans to include serovars in serogroup tarassovi. most serovars in this serogroup had characteristic digestion patterns by which they could be identified. however, four of the serovars in this serog ...19901979703
the detection of genetic variation in leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae by ribosomal rna gene restriction fragment patterns.deoxyribonucleic acid from leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae reference strains together with clinical and animal isolates were cleaved with ecori, electrophoresed and transferred to nylon membranes. an escherichia coli mre 600, 16s + 23s ribosomal rna template was used in the synthesis of a single strand biotin-labelled cdna probe using a reverse transcriptase. ribosomal rna cistrons present in the dna fragments of strains were located using the cdna probe. between 4 and 7 wel ...19901982104
the use of immunodeficient male (cba/n x balb/c) f1 mice to produce monoclonal antibodies directed to proteins of leptospira interrogans rather than to immunodominant lipopolysaccharides.a method, using an immunodeficient mouse strain, for the production of monoclonal antibodies directed exclusively against the proteins in an antigen mixture also containing immunodominant lps, is described. male (cba/n x balb/c) f1 mice were immunized with an outer envelope antigen mixture from leptospira interrogans strain wijnberg containing both lipopolysaccharides and proteins. the immune response in these mice was shown to be predominantly directed against protein antigens. hybridoma cell l ...19901694817
macrophage activation by leptospiral lipopolysaccharide.leptospiral lipopolysaccharides (lpss) extracted from leptospira interrogans serovars copenhageni and hebdomadis were tested for the ability to induce macrophage activation. in-vitro analysis showed that each leptospiral lps was a potent activator to macrophages. after stimulation with the lpss, interleukin-1 (il-1) secretion, interferon (ifn) production and chemiluminescence (cl) response were induced. intravenous high-dose injection of the leptospiral lpss induced various lesions such as necro ...19901698063
[study on the production, identification of serogroup-specific monoclonal antibodies against leptospires of australis serogroup and detection of its antigen].spleen cells of balb/c mice immunized with whole leptospira interrogans serogroup australis serovar australis strain 620 were fused with myeloma cells line sp2/0. specificities of four mcabs determined by mat. 2e1 mcab (igg3) reacted with 11 serovars, of the australis serogroup, but did not react with 22 representative serovars of l. interrogans in 20 serogroups, l. biflexa strain patoc i and leptonema illini strain 3055. 2e1 mcab showed serogroup specificity for australis by agglutination and t ...19901709413
serological reactions against leptospira interrogans serovars in new zealand horses. 199016031597
leptospirosis in chonbuk province of korea in 1987.leptospirosis is a zoonosis with protean clinical manifestations. its diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and is confirmed by isolation of the organism or, more commonly, by serologic tests. in the fall of 1987, after severe flooding, we saw 93 patients with leptospirosis, confirmed by a microagglutination test. thirteen percent of the patients had no clinical or laboratory findings except fever and headache, but the rest had mild to severe manifestations. jaundice, renal failure, and a ...19902271509
failure of a seropositive bull to transmit leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection to heifers. 198917423215
nucleotide sequence of a 23s ribosomal rna gene from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton. 19892467256
the number of large ribosomal rna genes in leptospira interrogans and leptospira biflexa.we determined the number of large ribosomal rna genes in five strains of leptospira by hybridization of 15 restriction endonuclease digests of genomic dna to the [32p]-labeled fragment of 23s rrna gene. almost all the restriction gels gave two radioactive bands. the conclusion from these results is that there are at least two rrna genes in these leptospiral strains. furthermore, the hybridization patterns of l. icterohaemorrhagiae strains ictero no. i and rga are almost identical. the number of ...19892475749
monoclonal antibodies reacting with serogroup and serovar specific epitopes on different lipopolysaccharide subunits of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona.monoclonal antibodies with two kinds of specificities, produced against leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, were studied by agglutination and immunoblotting. antibodies reacted either exclusively with serovar pomona or with all members of the pomona serogroup, but none of the antibodies reacted with representative serovars of other serogroups. both antibodies recognized epitopes on purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) from serovar pomona. in immunoblotting experiments the serogroup specific anti ...19892483523
[in vitro sensitivity of 3 strains of leptospira interrogans to 3 different antibiotics].leptospirosis, anthropo-zoonosis ubiquitously widespread, is a social and economic problem still to be solved. the experimental and therapeutic employment of many antibiotics has largely been tested "in vitro" and "in vivo". in the following research we tried to evaluate, by experimental "in vitro" method, the sensitivity difference of three serovar strains of leptospira interrogans to two macrolides, erythromycin and josamycin, compared with penicillin. from standard cultures, previously treate ...19892491282
[studies on endotoxin of leptospira. v. the effect of edta-na on the release of the lps of leptospira interrogans serovar lai].the yield of leptospiral lps was able to increase 1-2 times when the cells were treated with edta-na before extracting with hot phenal-water method. the colours and solubility of l-lps were improved. when the leptospiral cells were stored for a long period of time, and treated by edta-na, the phase distribution of the lps changed, i.e. they returned from water phase into phenol phase. such change was related to the quantity of both the saccharide and lipid.19892511666
relationship among selected leptospira interrogans serogroups as determined by nucleic acid hybridization.leptospiral dnas from a variety of leptospira interrogans serogroups of veterinary significance, as well as a nonpathogenic leptospira, were compared by southern blot hybridization of ecori-digested genomic dna. the serogroups examined could be assigned to one of three groups on the basis of the degree of cross-hybridization between genomic dnas. only a few restriction fragments hybridized between the three groups, and most of these were shown to contain ribosomal dna. the restriction fragment l ...19892574185
detection of leptospires in urine by polymerase chain reaction.primers for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were synthesized from clones derived from a leptospira hardjo (type hardjobovis) library. one pair of synthetic oligonucleotide primers was selected for further analysis. under experimental conditions an amplification was obtained with dna of leptospira interrogans of some serovars belonging to serogroup sejroe. however, very little or no amplification was observed with dna from other serovars of this group. no amplification was observed with dna from ...19892584377
[endocytosis and cytotoxin effect induced by the attachment of the glycolipoprotein of leptospires to vascular endothelial cell in culture].the glycolipoprotein (glp) of various virulent leptospires was extracted, purified and identified. the glp was combined with fluorescence rhodamine b and the colloidal gold as the probe. meanwhile, the bovine aortic endothelial cell (en) was isolated and cultured in the medium 199 "nissui". the glp-rhodamine b and glp-colloidal gold probe were added to cultured en and incubated at 4 degrees c for 2 h then at 37 degrees c for 2 h. the interaction between glp-rhodamine b, glp-cg probe and en were ...19892591917
central nervous system leptospirosis in the philippines.one hundred hospitalized patients in manila, philippines with aseptic meningoencephalitis were screened for leptospirosis. on the basis of a microscopic agglutination titer of 1:1,600 or greater, the diagnosis was made in five cases, yet in no instance had leptospirosis been included in the differential diagnosis on admission to the hospital. four of the five patients first noted neurologic symptoms during the second week of illness; two patients presented with encephalitis, two with meningitis ...19892609216
effect of vaccination with a pentavalent leptospiral vaccine containing leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis on type hardjo-bovis infection of cattle.effectiveness of 2 pentavalent leptospiral vaccines containing leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was evaluated for protection of steers from infection with serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis. the hardjo component of 1 vaccine was prepared from serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno. the hardjo component of the other vaccine was prepared from serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis. two steers were vaccinated once and 4 steers were vaccinated twice with the pentavalent vaccine containing type hardjoprajit ...19892610425
skin reaction to lipids from avirulent strain shibaura of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni.sonically disrupted cells from avirulent strain shibaura of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni induced a skin reaction characterized by infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) associated with some edema in guinea pigs. to determine the substance inducing infiltration of pmn, lipids of avirulent strain shibaura were extracted with chloroform--methanol--water after washing with acetone. the lipids comprised 28% of the dry weight of the cell. when the lipids were further separate ...19892611731
[glycoproteins from leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae: distribution in the liver and kidney of experimentally infected guinea pigs].tissue damage in leptospirosis has been ascribed to direct effect of the microorganisms and/or their virulence, including products synthetized by leptospires or released during their lysis. this study aimed at chemical extraction of the glycolipoprotein (glp) from virulent leptospires, production of a rabbit anti-glp and analysis of its distribution in liver and kidney of inoculated guinea-pigs, sacrificed sequentially from the 1st to 6th day of infection, covering the whole, spectrum of acute l ...19892626644
first human isolate of leptospira interrogans as serovar bratislava in italy.a strain of leptospira interrogans was isolated from a patient suffering from leptospirosis and was typed by the cross agglutination absorption test using monoclonal antibodies prepared against different serovars of the australis serogroup. this newly isolated strain belonged to serovar bratislava. it is the first reported isolation from man, in italy, of leptospira bratislava, thus supporting the emerging role of this serovar in human leptospirosis.19892627502
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