Publications

nucleosides. 1. 9-(3'-alkyl-3'-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)adenines as lipophilic analogues of cordycepin. synthesis and preliminary biological studies.	a series of lipophilic 9-(3'-alkyl-3'-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)adenines of increasing chain length was synthesized from the corresponding branched sugars via titanium chloride catalyzed ribosylation of chloromercuri-6-benzamidopurine. enhanced growth inhibitory activity was observed against (ccrf-cem human lymphoblastic leukemia cells in culture as the length of the alkyl side chain in the sugar and the resultant lipophilic character of the nucleoside were increased. experiments involving inco ...	1976	1087343
persistence of anti-immunoglobulin on the lymphocyte surface.		1976	1087371
ampicillin-resistant strains of haemophilus influenzae type b in north carolina.		1976	1087376
[long-term cardiac arrest by cardioplegic coronary perfusion (author's transl)].	the mg++ aspartate-procaine-cardioplegia has been proven in animal experiments as well as from 1970 til 1975 in more than 1000 open-heart-procedures by a myocardial temperature of 32 degrees c and aortic crossclamping time up to 40 minutes superior to all other known procedures of cardiac preservations. to guarantee a safe myocardial protection of the arrested heart for a remarkable longer period of total ischemia, we further developed the cardioplegic technique in the animal lab, and use it now ...	1976	1087482
sensitivity of trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole, tinidazole, and nifuratel in vitro.	prompted by the sensitivity of trichomonads to metronidazole and nifuratel in clinical practice, a study was conducted in 1971-1972 of 63 consecutive strains of trichomonas vaginalis isolated from women with clinically refractory vaginal discharge. their susceptibility to metronidazole, tinidazole, and nifuratel was tested, using a serial tube dilution technique. the minimum concentrations which in 48 hrs caused immobilization and lysis of trichomonads cultured in diamond's medium was assessed. ...	1976	1087577
yersinia enterocolitica : a review of its role in food hygiene.	since yersinia enterocolitica, now classified as a member of the enterobacteriaceae, was recognized as a distinct species in 1964 it has been isolated with increasing frequency from man and animals (including dogs and pigs) and from some human foods. y. enterocolitica infections are now seen as a cause for some concern in both human and veterinary medicine. the organism is commonly found in specimens from swine slaughterhouses and has been isolated from samples of market meat, vacuum-packed beef ...	1976	1087589
immunological studies on metastrongylus apri infection. iv. influence of whole body x-irradiation or anti-guinea pig thymocyte serum injection on acquired immunity in thymectomized guinea pigs.		1976	1087673
treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infancy.	pentamidine is recommended for the therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia either alone or, in severe cases, combined with pyrimethamine. attention is drawn to the importance of supporting symptomatic treatment, particularly with the promethazine-hydergine cocktail, and to the possibilities for general and drug prophylaxis.	1976	1087956
effect of sulfadoxine on transmission of vibrio cholerae infection among family contacts of cholera patients in calcutta.	sulfadoxine, a long-acting sulfonamide, and tetracycline were compared as regards their effectiveness in reducing transmission of cholera infection among the contacts of cholera patients in calcutta. a total of 109 healthy family contacts of confirmed hospitalized cholera patients were treated with a single oral dose of sulfadoxine graded according to age. another similar group of 101 contacts received 6 divided doses of oral tetracycline over a period of 3 days. all these contacts were bacterio ...	1976	1088098
global surveillance of antibiotic sensitivity of vibrio cholerae.	strains of vibrio cholerae-1156 from various parts of the world-were examined by standardized antibiotic sensitivity tests in one centre, to determine the global incidence of antibiotic resistance in this organism and to assess the extent to which differences in methods of sensitivity testing might be responsible for discrepancies in the reported incidence of resistant strains. of the strains examined, 1127 were fully sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, furazolidone, and thre ...	1976	1088100
value of phage typing of vibrio cholerae biotype eltor in west africa.	the epidemiological value of phage typing of el tor vibrios in west africa was assessed by testing 211 representative strains from all outbreaks of the cholera epidemic in togo (1970-73) with the prophage typing method of nicolle et al. and the lytic el tor phages of basu & mukerjee. prophage typing proved to be of limited epidemiological value in togo since 203 of the 211 strains tested belonged to the same phage type-namely, type 2 of nicolle et al., which corresponds to the celebes type of ta ...	1976	1088101
[study of the heterogenetic antigens in vaccinal preparations of v. cholerae].	there proved to be a serological similarity between the antigens of the human small intestine, the stomach and the liver, and the antigens of various cholera vibrio fractions. no antigenic similarity was revealed in examination of the heart and kidney. heterogenous antigen was found not only in the somatic v. cholerae antigen, strain 569 (b), but also in the cholerogen-toxoid obtained from it. at present it is the most widespread prophylactic preparation.	1976	1088347
distribution of cholera organisms in experimental vibrio cholerae infections: proposed mechanisms of pathogenesis and antibacterial immunity.	this study was undertaken to determine the sequence of events in the microenvironment of the intestinal tract that culminate in the symptoms of cholera and to attempt to define more clearly the mechanisms involved in antibacterial immunity. the extent to which mucus occurs in the normal intestine of rabbits and the appearance of the intestinal villi in unfixed frozen sections was demonstrated. the villi and intervillous spaces were found to be normally covered by a layer of mucoid material that ...	1976	1248870
familial clustering of selective iga deficiency.	serum iga levels of 35 healthy iga-deficient index cases, of their 180 first-degree relatives, and of 31 other family members were studied. iga deficiency was detected in 7.2% of the first-degree relatives, which is significantly more than the 0.25% frequency of iga deficiency in healthy finnish blood donors. subnormal serum iga levels were found in additional 13 (7.2%) first-degree relatives. the familial clustering of iga deficiency seemed to be controlled by multigenic factors. iga-deficient ...	1976	1251582
chemical characterization of the structure of cholera toxin and its natural toxoid.	acrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the toxin of vibrio cholerae is comprised of three polypeptide chains, alpha, beta, and gamma, of molecular weights 24,000, 9,700, and 9,700 daltons, respectively. amino acid sequence analysis of intact toxin indicated a molecular composition of alpha gamma beta4. acrylamide gel electrophoresis and sequence analysis confirmed that the natural toxoid (choleragenoid) is identical to the toxin beta-chain. the alpha- and gamma-chains of the toxin are ...	1976	1254995
aspects of the interaction of vibrio cholerae toxin with the pigeon red cell membrane.	the ganglioside galactosy-n-acetylgalactosaminyl [sialosyl] lactosyl ceramide (gm1) is readily accumulated in pigeon red cell membranes soaked with [3h]gm1 (1-100 mug/ml) at 37 c for 30 min. this treatment enhances the activation of adenyl cyclase by the toxin of vibrio cholerae. an attempt was made at correlation of the amount of incorporated gm1 with the increased binding of toxin and activation of adenyl cyclase. cells with less than 2 mug of incorporated gm1 per 4 x 10(9) cells bind 5-10 mug ...	1976	1254996
stimulation of adenylate cyclase by vibrio cholerae toxin and its active subunit.	the mechanism by which vibrio cholerae toxin and its active subunit a stimulate adenylate cyclase of rat liver plasma membrane after in vivo or in vitro exposure was investigated. stimulation of adenylate cyclase was more efficient with cholera toxin than with subunit a in whole animals and in "soluble" preparations of adenylate cyclase. toxin-stimulated plasma membrane adenylate cyclase activity persisted after solubilization from the membrane by detergent, while subunit a stimulation was destr ...	1976	1254997
antitumor immunity. ii. viability, tumorigenicity, and immunogenicity of neuraminidase-treated tumor cells: effective immunization of animals with a tumor vaccine.	a dimethylbenzdithionaphthene (dbdn)-induced fibrosarcoma showed reduced transplantability if previously treated with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcn). however, the reduced transplantability of vcn-treated tumor cells was not associated with any loss of their viability or tumorigenic capability, but appeared to be due to their increase in immunogenicity. high doses of vcn-treated tumor cells could grow even in normal individuals. lower doses, which did not induce tumor development in normal i ...	1976	1255753
selective modification of cell surface proteins and thymidine transport in hamster cells exposed to cholera toxin.	the increased adherence and morphological response which occurs in chinese hamster ovary cells as a result of exposure to cholera toxin is paralleled by modification in the relative exposure of outer proteins. mild proteolysis treatment of the cells prelabeled with [3h] glucosamine reveals a markedly different kinetics of release of external glycopeptides as a result of exposure to cholera toxin. selective alterations in external tyrosyl-rich proteins can also be detected by lactoperoxidase-cata ...	1976	1256059
[exocrine pancreatic function, intestinal resorption and reaction to vibrio cholerae infection in protein deficiency].	six patas monkeys were fed a protein-free diet while 16 animals of the same species receoved a standard monkey diet. the protein-depleted monkeys showed reduced absorption of folic acid but not dxylose, and 5 out of 6 exhibited depressed exocrine pancreatic function. when challenged with vibrio cholerae, animals with reduced folic acid absorption and pancreatic enzyme production excreted the micro-organisms for a longer time.	1976	1257727
interactions of cadmium and selenium in rat plasma in vivo and in vitro.	75se and 109cd tracers were used to study the binding of se and cd to plasma proteins at various seo32- doses and times upt to 24 h after the simultaneous subcutaneous administration of seo32- markedly increased both se and cd plasma levels over that in control animals. gel permeation chromatography of plasma indicated that at all times up to 24 h cd and se were bound in an atomic ratio of approx. 1 : 1 in 330 000 and 130 000 dalton fractions. from 4 to 24 h, cd and se appeared in the 420 000 da ...	1976	1260013
virulence factors involved in the intraperitoneal infection of adult mice with vibrio cholerae.	nonmotile mutants of vibrio cholerae isolated from ogawa, inaba, and el tor strains were less virulent than parent wild types when administered to adult mice intraperitoneally. the cells were suspended in 5% hog gastric mucin. antitoxic immunity did not protect mice against this type of challenge, but a ribosomally derived vaccine did. intraperitoneal injection of 10 50% lethal doses of enterotoxin (based on intravenous doses) was without toxic manifestations as were 10(10) heat-killed vibrios s ...	1976	1262061
the detection of antibodies in human and animal filariases by counterimmunoelectrophoresis with dirofilaria immitis antigens.	counterimmunoelectrophoresis revealed the presence of precipitin antibody in all of 6 dogs and the 1 cat infected with dirofilaria immitis and in the serum of 17 of 24 individuals living in a setting of hyperendemic subperiodic bancroftian filariasis. antigens used in the test were prepared from microfilariae and adult male d. immitis. some humans and animals had antibodies to both antigens while others had antibodies against microfilariae or adult worms only. the presence of soluble circulating ...	1976	1262695
attenuated, streptomycin-dependent salmonella typhi oral vaccine: potential deleterious effects of lyophilization.	four studies were done with streptomycin-dependent salmonella typhi as an oral, attenuated vaccine. studies 1 and 3 employed freshly harvested vaccine, whereas studies 2 and 4 involved lyophilized vaccine. five to eight doses (3 x 10(10)-10(11) organisms/dose) were given; oral streptomycin (1.0 g) was administered concomitantly in studies 2 and 3, with only two of the doses of vaccine in study 1, and was not given in study 4. no adverse reactions were encountered in 179 vaccinated men, and 94% o ...	1976	1262709
correspondence: growth plate defects in foals.		1976	1265980
biochemical studies on the cell wall lipopolysaccharides (o-antigens) of vibrio cholerae 569 b (inaba) and el-tor (inaba).	lipopolysaccharides were isolated from the cell walls of vibrio cholerae 569 b (inaba) and el-tor (inaba). chemical analysis revealed the presence of glucose, fructose, mannose, heptose, rhamnose, ethanolamine, fatty acids and glucosamine. the lipopolysaccharides do not contain 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, the typical linking sugar of polysaccharide and lipid moieties of enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides. galactose, a typical core polysaccharide component of many gram-negative bacteria was also abs ...	1976	1268236
synergistic protective effect in rabbits of immunization with vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide and toxin/toxoid.	subcutaneous immunization of rabbits with a combination of vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (lps) and enterotoxin induced a more than 100-fold-higher degree of protection against intestinal challenge with live cholera vibrios than did vaccination with either of the two antigens alone. such a synergistic effect was also obtained by immunization with a combination of lps and choleragenoid. the immunization with lps and toxin (or toxoid) in combination did not enhance the reistance to toxin chall ...	1976	1270131
morphological and steroidogenic changes in cultured adrenal tumor cells induced by a subunit of cholera enterotoxin.	a purified subunit of the cholera enterotoxin molecule was found to have morphological and steroidogenic inducing effects similar to those induced by the native enterotoxin on monolayer tissue cultures of y1 adrenal tumor cells, although 1,000 times more subunit than toxin (weight basis) was required for maximal effects. in contrast to the whole toxin, the effects of the active subunit could not be prevented by prior incubation with either gm1 ganglioside or with antibodies directed against chol ...	1976	1270152
colony morphology of vibrio cholerae on sv medium.		1976	1270369
effect of hgcl2 on rat kidney cells in primary culture.	single cell suspensions, obtained from rat kidneys, were cultured with various concentrations of hgcl2 for different times to examine the effects on cellular synthetic activity. unexpectedly, the rna synthesis of kidney cells was stimulated with low doses of hgcl2, whereas it was inhibited with higher doses. even at a higher dose, rna synthesis was stimulated during early incubation but was inhibited during longer incubations. thus, the effect of mercury showed a biphasic pattern both in dose-re ...	1976	1271750
effect of hgcl2 on rat kidney cells in primary culture.	single cell suspensions, obtained from rat kidneys, were cultured with various concentrations of hgcl2 for different times to examine the effects on cellular synthetic activity. unexpectedly, the rna synthesis of kidney cells was stimulated with low doses of hgcl2, whereas it was inhibited with higher doses. even at a higher dose, rna synthesis was stimulated during early incubation but was inhibited during longer incubations. thus, the effect of mercury showed a biphasic pattern both in dose-re ...	1976	1271750
modified tumor cells in the immunotherapy of solid mammary tumors.		1976	1271892
teratogenic potential of noise in mice and rats.		1976	1273844
acetylcholine release from the nerve terminals of the guinea-pig ileum by naja venoms.		1976	1273858
[test of degranulation of basophils and mast cells for detection of allergic diseases (literature survey)].		1976	1274295
sequence similarity between cholera toxin and glycoprotein hormones: implications for structure activity relationship and mechanism of action.		1976	1275921
proceedings: increase in prostaglandin e2 and f2alpha in inflammatory exudate at 4-48 h after uvb irradiation of human skin.		1976	1276048
[reduction of the biological activity of vibrio cholerae culture filtrates exposed to neuraminidase inhibitors].	experiments were conducted on a model of edema of albino mouse paws; a study was made of the effect of neuraminidase inhibitors on the cholerogenic effect of a filtrate of cholera vibrio culture. it appeared that addition to the filtrate of inhibitors depressed its biological activity. since no cholerogenic action was possessed by the purified neuraminidase preparations from the cholera vibrios it was suggested that there existed a chemical affinity between the region of cholerogen responsible f ...	1976	1276448
glial cells and extracellular potassium: their relationship in mammalian cortex.	simultaneous recordings were made of glial cell potentials and the extracellular potassium concentration ([k+]o) in cat cortex in an attempt to provide more quantitative information about the sensitivity of mammalian neuroglia to changes in [k+]o. a penicillin epileptogenic focus served to generate both transient and sustained elevations in [k+]o, thus allowing measurement of glial membrane potential (vm) at both resting and increased [k+]o levels many times during the same experiment. resting v ...	1976	1276917
differences between leech and mammalian nervous systems in metabolic reaction to k+ as an indication of differences in potassium homeostasis mechanisms.		1976	1276949
absolute configuration of 3-hydroxy fatty acids present in lipopolysaccharides from various bacterial groups.	the absolute configuration of 3-hydroxy fatty acids has been studied, which are present in the lipopolysaccharides of the following bacteria: phodopseudomonas gelatinosa, rh. viridis, rhodospirillum tenue, chromobacterium violaceum, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bordetella pertussis, vibrio metchnikovii, vibrio cholerae, salmonella spp., escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, proteus mirabilis, yersinia enterocolitica and fusobacterium nucleatum. the 3-hydroxy acids were liberated by strong alkaline hyd ...	1976	1278168
decline of passively acquired antibodies in young and adult rats.	the rate of decline (half-life) of passively acquired antibodies was studied in young and adult rats. there was a wide variation in half-life when varying concentrations of diphtheria or tetanus antibody were administered by intraperitoneal injection; half-lives ranged from 1-2 to 12-0 days in both age groups. when different concentrations of diphtheria and tetanus antibody were administered together by the same route, significant differences in half-lives were demonstrated in individuals of eac ...	1976	1278935
cytogenetic follow-up after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for ph+ cml: update of the european cooperative study.		1976	1878695
mass spectrometry of some ultraviolet absorbing derivatives of sugars and related alditols: identification in biologic fluids after separation by high performance liquid chromatography.	the 70 ev electron impact mass spectra of the acyclic perbenzoyl 0-benzyloximes of several mono- and disaccharides of clinical interest and the perbenzoates of certain related alditols have been obtained and compared with those of other similar derivatives studied previously. in general, the spectra of the benzyloximes contain molecular ions and characteristic fragments due to [c6h5]+,[c7h7]+,[c6h5co]+ and [c6h5cooh]+., losses of hcho, c6h5coo. and c6h5cooh, and cleavages along the carbon chain. ...	1976	420916
7 steps to selling your practice.		1976	274413
clinical neuropathological conference.		1976	170050
[wound suppuration after 1st surgical debridement].		1976	333159
emergency problems involving sinusitis.	the problems which the primary physician or flight surgeon might expect to encounter with regard to acute sinusitis are presented. the need for exact diagnosis, the goals of treatment, and the management of the progress of the disease processes are reviewed.	1976	420671
congenital nystagmus surgery. a quantitative evaluation of the effects.	nystagmus intensities at various gaze angles were studied both preoperatively and postoperatively, using accurate ocular motility recordings, in three cases of congenital nystagmus. in addition to shifting the nystagmus null, the surgery broadened the null region and resulted in an overall reduction in nystagmus intensity at all gaze angles. surgical rotation also resulted in improved visual acuity in all cases. the postoperative acuity at 0 degrees was better than the preoperative acuity at bot ...	1976	420633
the response of serum growth hormone and prolactin to training in weight-maintaining healthy males.	resting levels of serum growth hormone (gh) and prolactin (prl) were measured pretraining, 3 weeks and 10 weeks posttraining in seven college age males. the exercise consisted of thrice weekly sessions at 70% vo2max for 20 minutes plus warmup and cool down. body weight remained constant during the ten week training period. however, body fat decreased significantly. resting daytime levels of gh decreased significantly with training while resting prl levels were unchanged. the hormone responses su ...	1976	2366534
[a clamp for securing bottles containing blood and blood substitutes].		1976	2366445
[ambulatory care and intensification of the rehabilitation of patients following reconstructive surgery on the major vessels].		1976	2366433
[the organization and extent of medical aid to burned patients in nonspecialized hospitals].		1976	2366432
oculosympathetic paresis. analysis of 100 hospitalized patients.	of 100 consecutive, adult, hospitalized inpatients with acquired unilateral oculosympathetic palsy, in 63 the central neuron was involved-usually due to strokes; in 21, tumor or trauma affected the preganglionic neuron; and in 13, postganglionic damage was sustained from a variety of causes. the preponderance of first neuron involvement by stroke is in part a reflection of patient sampling, but emphasizes the fact that central causes of horner's syndrome are common.	1976	420595
gastrointestinal complications after external megavoltage treatment.	66 cases treated with external megavoltage irradiation for various malignant diseases in the abdomen are presented 26 patients (39%) had radiation reactions during and immediately after the treatment. late complications at least two months after the treatment appeared in 15 patients (23%). the relatively low frequency of intestinal disturbances induced by radiotherapy in the present series may have been caused by the low weekly dose in the abdomen and the practise of a split-course interval in t ...	1975	415383
catalytic oxidation of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine by tyrosinase: identification and evolution of intermediates.	the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) by o2 catalyzed by tyrosinase yields 4-(2-carboxy-2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzoquinone, with its amino group protonated (o-dopaquinone-h+). this evolves non-enzymatically through two branches (cyclization and/or hydroxylation), whose respective operations are determined by ph. the hydroxylation branch of o-dopaquinone-h+ only operates significantly at ph < or = 5.0 and involves the accumulation of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine (topa), which has been d ...	1975	1445949
identification of the ubiquinone-binding site of nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i) from neurospora crassa.	in order to localize the ubiquinone-binding site of complex i (nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase), a novel photoreactive ubiquinone analogue (q0c7arn3) has been synthesized. it is shown that the direct chemical precursor of this analogue (q0c7arno2) and the analogue itself are accepted as substrates in an enzyme assay utilizing ubiquinone-depleted mitochondrial membranes of neurospora crassa. the activity of the enzyme applying these derivatives is inhibited by 50% at a concentration of 9 and 20 mi ...	1975	1445878
final inline filtration: a means of decreasing the incidence of infusion phlebitis.	infusion phlebitis is the most common complication of intravenous therapy. six methods of reducing the incidence of infusion phlebitis including inline final filtration, buffers, heparin, hydrocortisone, heparin-hydrocortisone combinations, and frequent set changes were tested in a two part randomized prospective double-blind study of 266 surgical patients. patients who received filtered fluids had a significantly decreased incidence of infusion phlebitis as compared with that of controls (p = 0 ...	1975	432800
nutritional implications of the maillard reaction.		1975	415265
multi-well cell monolayers for immunocytochemistry. an alternative to cytocentrifuge preparations.		1975	1538147
anti-ganglioside antibodies in peripheral neuropathy.	there have recently been reports that patients with motor neuropathy with multifocal conduction block have high circulating levels of antibodies to the ganglioside gm1. other reports have described the presence of these antibodies in patients with inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy and patients with lower motor neurone forms of motor neurone disease. we have established an elisa assay for igg and igm antibodies to asialo-gm1 (sigma). we used this assay to measure such antibodies in serum from ...	1975	1343861
incidence of drug-related deaths secondary to high-dose methotrexate and citrovorum factor administration.	a review of 498 patients treated with high-dose methotrexate (mtx) with citrovorum factor rescue revealed 29 drug-related deaths. until the important factors in those deaths are identified, the use of high-dose mtx should be limited to institutions that possess the necessary supportive facilities and the ability to measure serum levels of the drug.	1975	301783
[nursing of children with cleft lip and cleft palate].		1975	246079
complete and defective bacteriophages of classical vibrio cholerae: relationship to the kappa type bacteriophage.	the classical vibrio cholerae strain nih 41 contains two temperate bacteriophages, designated vca-1 and vca-2, that are distinguished by immunity, plaque morphology, induction kinetics, and particle morphology. both phage are serologically related to phage kappa. however, only phage vca-2 has the kappa type host range and immunity. the induction kinetics and immunity patterns of classical vibrios suggest that these strains may contain defective phage related to the phages isolated from nih 41. c ...	1975	16789156
isolation, characterization and public health aspects of vibrio cholerae nag isolated from a danish duck farm.	the hygienic and pathogenic consequences of the isolation of vibrio cholerae nag from the conjunctiva of two ducklings, from brackish water samples in their surroundings, and from the intestinal contents of a duckling, are discussed in relation to present knowledge of the occurrence of vibrio cholerae nag in man and animals.	1975	18777317
[pathogenesis of toxin caused gastroenteritis of vibrios and coli bacteria].		1975	1089519
serological classification of anti-i sera.	twelve anti-i sera were examined by means of broad panel of cells: oi, bi, ohi, oicord, oiadult, bi-f. titration, fixation-elution, and haemagglutination-inhibition tests, and comparison of agglutination of untreated and neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes allowed to establish the specificity of the sera. for some sera the serological heterogeneity was revealed, which consisted in the following combinations of two or more kinds of specificity: anti-i-d plus anti-i-f, anti-i-d plus anti-i, anti-i- ...	1975	1090089
pathophysiology of shigella diarrhea in the rhesus monkey: intestinal transport, morphological, and bacteriological studies.	in contrast to the "toxigenic diarrheas" caused by vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli, the site and mechanism of fluid loss in shigellosis are unknown. the occurrence of watery diarrhea in shigellosis suggests involvement of the small bowel. therefore, jejunal, ileal, and colonic water and electrolyte transport was studied in shigella flexneri 2a-infected monkeys. infected animals fell into three groups: dysentery alone, diarrhea alone, or diarrhea and dysentery. in controls, net water, sodium ...	1975	1090480
comparison of secretory and histological effects of shigella and cholera enterotoxins in rabbit jejunum.	the purpose of this study was to compare the actions of shigella toxin and cholera toxin to determine if mucosal damage is a prerequisite for shigella toxin-induced secretion. the secretory response to maximal doses of cholera toxin and shigella toxin were compared. the maximal rate of secretion and the electrolyte and protein concentration of the intestinal fluid were similar for both toxins. on the other hand, the time of onset after exposure to the toxin was 105 min for shigella toxin and 15 ...	1975	1090481
genetic basis of toxin production and pathogenesis in vibrio cholerae: evidence against phage conversion.	the pathogenicity of vibrio cholerae strains "cured" of "kappa-type" phage was not significantly altered relative to that of their "kappa" lysogenic parental strains. unlike corynebacterium diphtheriae, the capacity of v. cholerae to produce exotoxin was not stimulated as a consequence of active phage multiplication. toxin production in cultures in which kappa-type phage multiplication was initiated either by inducing kappa lysogens or by infecting naturally occurring or "cured" kappa-sensitive ...	1975	1090531
use of erythrocytes sensitized with purified enterotoxin from vibrio cholerae for the assay of antibody and antibody-forming cells.	a method was developed for the sensitization of ovine erythrocytes with a purified enterotoxin from vibrio cholerae. sensitized cells were used for the titration of serum antibody by passive hemagglutination and in a hemolytic plaque assay for both igm and igg antibody-secreting cells. inhibition experiments with various antigens of v. cholerae indicated that the toxin, whether unheated or heat-inactivated, significantly reduced the expected antitoxic plaque-forming cell response, whereas a lipo ...	1975	1090686
effectiveness of vaccination against cholera and typhoid fever.		1975	1090807
evidence for the non-protein nature of the receptor for the enterotoxin in vibrio cholerae on murine lymphoid cells.	lymphoid cells from a/j and balb/c strains of mice were iodinated with 125i by the lactoperoxidase method and the plasma membranes were disrupted by freezing and thawing or with 0.5 percent nonidet p-40, a nonionic detergent. attempts to find choleragen reactive iodinated material in 0.5 percent nonidet p-40 lysates were unsuccessful even when the cells were incubated with choleragen before lysis. freezing and thawing the cells resulted in the release of iodinated choleragen reactive material. t ...	1975	1091551
motility as a virulence factor for vibrio cholerae.	the ability of motile strains of the ogawa and inaba serotypes of classical vibrio cholerae and of the el tor biotypes to kill suckling mice after oral challenge with 10-8 colony-forming units (representing at least 100 to 1,000 minimal lethal doses) was compared to that of nonmotile derivatives of the same strains. loss of motility, in each case, resulted in a marked reduction in virulence. the mortality (at 36 h) caused by 10 of the 13 nonmotile strains was 32% or less. whereas the motile wild ...	1975	1091563
inhibition of the steroidogenic effects of cholera and heat-labile escherichia coli enterotoxins by gm1 ganglioside: evidence for a similar receptor site for the two toxins.	the effects of three different ganglioside preparations on cholera enterotoxin (ct) and heat-labile escherichia coli enterotoxin (ect)-induced steroidogenesis in y1 and os3 adrenal tumor cells in tissue culture were examined. only with gm1 ganglioside was any inhibition of the toxins' effects noted. concentrations of the crude ect preparation that gave similar morphogenic and steroidogenic effects as ct were inhibited by the same amount or less of gm1 as that required to inhibit the effects of c ...	1975	1091565
homology between the deoxyribonucleic acid of fertility factor p and vibrio cholerae chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid.	the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) of the vibrio cholerae fertility factor p was isolated by the dye-buoyant density method and hybridized to v. cholerae chromosomal dna. the dna of this fertility plasmid had between 35 to 40% homology with the v. cholerae chromosomal dna. little or no homology was detected between the p factor dna and dna of the escherichia coli sex factor f.	1975	1092651
production and characterization of exotoxin(s) of shigella dysenteriae type 1.	a semicontinuous fermenter system was developed in which broth culture filtrates of shigella dysenteriae type 1 yielded substantial amounts of exotoxin. biologic activity of the exotoxin was characterized by means of three assays: the rabbit ileal loop for fluid evocation (enterotoxicity), mouse lethality after parenteral injection (neurotoxicity), and hela cell toxicity in vitro (cytotoxicity). although the culture filtrate was highly active, disc electrophoresis revealed that the toxin is a mi ...	1975	1092769
an erythrocyte-sensitising antigen from vibrio cholerae.	erythrocyte-sensitising antigens (ae) were prepared from vibrio cholerae serotypes, from el-tor vibrio, escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis by digesting the organisms with naoh followed by precipitation with alcohol. when ae was used in indirect haemagglutination (iha) tests, the results in a number of cases were somewhat more sensitive and more specific than those obtained in classical agglutination tests. no cross reactions occurred between v. cholerae serotypes and e. coli and s. ente ...	1975	1092860
bacterial toxins.		1975	1092948
involvement of t- and b-lymphocytes in the immune response to the protein exotoxin and the lipopolysaccharide antigens of vibrio cholerae.	the immune response at the level of individual immunocytes to the somatic lipopolysaccharide antigen derived from whole vibrio cholerae and to the purified protein exotoxin from this organism were studied in terms of the role of t- and b-lymphocytes. by adoptive cell transfer studies with irradiated recipient mice, it was shown that normal spleen cells from normal syngeneic mice could readily transfer the capability of responding to both types of cholera antigens. however, when the spleen cells ...	1975	1093472
significance of elevated liver alkaline phosphatase in serum.	the serum alkaline phosphatase was fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 317 patients with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity. in 253 patients the source of the elevation was the isoenzyme of presumed liver origin, band l. in 87 of these patients, there was either no obvious liver disease or the alkaline phosphatase elevation was inappropriately high. in 19 of the 87, liver disease was further excluded by liver biopsy or by laparotomy. because of this, biochemical studi ...	1975	1093921
the effect of lysozyme on the complement-dependent bactericidal action of different antibody classes.	preparations of rabbit, dog and sheep iga, iga and igm were examined for their antibacterial effects using a complement-dependent bactericidal assay. igm and igg were efficient bactericidal antibodies in the presence of complement; iga, however, contained negligible activity. except for sheep igg no enhancement of bactericidal activity was observed in the presence of added lysozyme.	1975	1093969
modulation of antibody synthesis by cholera exotoxin: influence on helper thymocytes.		1975	1095212
bacteremia in suckling rabbits after oral challenge with vibrio parahaemolyticus.	vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic marine enteropathogen, produces diarrhea in man after ingestion of contaminated seafood. only strains capable of producing beta-hemolysis (kanagawa-positive strains) are enteropathogenic. yet the majority of marine isolants are nonhemolytic and kanagawa negative. studies were initiated in suckling rabbits in an attempt to elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms. fasting animals were infected orally with kanagawa-positive and kanagawa-negative strains of v. parahae ...	1975	1095481
[significance of intraperitoneal administration of antibiotics in abdominal surgery (author's transl)].		1975	1097760
nonspecific elicitation of antibody-forming cells in the mouse spleen by bacterial lipopolysaccharide.	mechanisms of nonspecific elicitation of anti-sheep erythrocyte (srbc) hemolytic antibody plaqueforming cells (pfc) in mouse spleens with an injection of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (lps)) were studied in comparison with the genesis of naturally occurring "background" pfc in normal mouse spleens and of rapidly arising pfc in mouse spleens after immunization with srbc. the cytokinetic pattern of anti-srbc pfc response after an injection of lps was quite different from that of the resp ...	1975	1097768
proceedings: cholera-like enterotoxin produced by escherichia coli.		1975	1099284
[discovery of the colera pathogen].		1975	1100340
a 98 megadalton r factor of compatibility group c in a vibrio cholerae el tor isolate from southern u.s.s.r.		1975	1100774
practical aspects of a cholera surveillance programme.	the recent invasion of southern africa by cholera stimulated the establishment of a regional cholera reference laboratory and surveillance centre. this article describes its activities in general and details the methods employed in the isolation of vibrio cholerae from sewage, water, seafoods, patients, and carriers. importance is also attached to the isolation of nag (non-agglutinable) v. cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus from certain categories of specimens. in recognition of the importance of ...	1975	1101396
potential for in vivo acquisition of r plasmids by one strain of vibrio cholerae biotype el tor.	the feces of five patients admitted to a hospital during an outbreak of cholera in melbourne, australia, in november 1972, were examined for the presence of tetracycline-resistant coliforms and tetracycline-resistant strains of vibrio cholerae. despite the abundance of tetracycline-resistant coliforms able to transfer this resistance to other strains of escherichia coli, no tetracycline-resistant strains of v. cholerae were detected. in vitro transfer experiments using the v. cholerae strain res ...	1975	1101813
[epidemiology of el tor cholera in indonesia].	the authors analyze data on el tor cholera morbidity in indonesia in the past and at present. it was shown that before the year of 1961 the infection was limited to the sulavesi island and was epidemic in character, but it differed from classic endemic cholera by a number of signs. in 1961 and 1970 the spread of el tor cholera along indonesia was practically synchronous with its spread along the vast territories of the world, this apparently pointing to the effect of some general factor which ca ...	1975	1106089
rapid identification of gram-negative rods using a three-tube method combined with a dichotomic key.	a three-tube method combined with a dichotomic key is presented which will identify virtually all enterobacteriaceae as well as a number of other frequently encountered gram-negative rods at a genus or species level within 20 hours following the primary isolation. the method is shown to be reliable and simple, saving processing time and material.	1975	1106114
[pathogenicity factors of gramnegative enteropathogenic bacteria and pathogenesis of intestinal diseases (author's transl)].	enterotoxins as produced by the majority of enteropathogenic bacteria play a central role in the pathogenesis of cholera and e. coli enteritis but are obviously of little significance as to the development of salmonella enteritis and dysentery. pathology of salmonella enteritis and dysentery results from multiplication of bacteria within the bowel wall and from the damage of tissue caused thereby. the lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) of invasive enteropathogenic bacteria do not possess the chara ...	1975	1106437
systolic time intervals in domestic ponies: alterations in a case of coarctation of the aorta.	this report describes the measurement of systolic time intervals in a nine year old female domestic pony which was found at necropsy to show coarctation of the aorta and bilateral ventricular hypertrophy. electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and direct arterial blood pressure were recorded from the pony in a standing unmedicated state and systolic time intervals were measured from the resulting tracings. a prolongation of left ventricular ejection time and shortening of the pre-ejection period wer ...	1975	1111858
cholera in the manicaland province of rhodesia february to may, 1974.		1975	1111974
demonstration of sustained sinus and atrial re-entry as a mechanism of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.	electrophysiological studies in five patients with documented (4) or suspected (1) paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (psvt), suggested sinus or atrial reentrance (sr or ar). two of the patients had preexcitation, three had evidence of atrial enlargement, and all had organic heart disease. the following observations supported a diagnosis of sr and ar; 1) induction of sustained psvt with atrial extrastimulus technique allowing definition of an echo zone; 2) induction of sustained psvt during ...	1975	1112003
intersynovial fistula in the carpus of a horse.	soft tissue lesions are often secondary to equine carpal injury. the clinical and pathological nature of soft tissue changes following carpal trauma are varied. this report describes a case of intersynovial fistula between the radial carpal joint and the common digital extensor tendon sheath. the differential diagnosis and pathological features of equine soft tissue carpal injuries are discussed.	1975	1112099
4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-mannose (d-perosamine): a component of the lipopolysaccharide of vibrio cholerae 569b (inaba).		1975	1112408
activation of vibrio cholerae neuraminidase by divalent cations.		1975	1112418