Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| effect of respiratory syncytial virus on apnea in weanling rats. | apnea is a common complication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in young infants. the purpose of this study was to determine whether this infection affects apnea triggered by sensorineural stimulation in weanling rats. we also studied which neurotransmitters are involved in this response and whether passive prophylaxis with a specific neutralizing antibody (palivizumab) confers protection against it. weanling rats were inoculated intranasally with rsv, adenovirus, or virus-free med ... | 2005 | 15774838 |
| production of chemokines in the lungs of infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infants is characterized by a massive neutrophilic infiltrate into the airways. chemokines direct migration of leukocytes and contribute to the pathogenesis of rsv disease. however, little is known about pulmonary chemokine responses to rsv in humans. our aim was to characterize the production of chemokines in the lungs of infants with rsv bronchiolitis and how this production changes over time. | 2005 | 15776367 |
| respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection induces cyclooxygenase 2: a potential target for rsv therapy. | cyclooxygenases (coxs) are rate-limiting enzymes that initiate the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids. cox-2 is the inducible isoform that is up-regulated by proinflammatory agents, initiating many prostanoid-mediated pathological aspects of inflammation. the roles of cyclooxygenases and their products, pgs, have not been evaluated during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. in this study we demonstrate that cox-2 is induced by rsv infection of human lung alveolar epithelial c ... | 2005 | 15778400 |
| seasonality and clinical features of human metapneumovirus infection in children in northern alberta. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) causes respiratory tract infections in all age groups. the characteristics of pediatric hmpv infection in northern alberta have not been studied. the objectives of this study were to determine the seasonality of pediatric hmpv infections over a 13-month period, the genetic relationship of hmpv isolates to hmpv detected in other parts of canada, and the burden of illness and possible risk factors for pediatric hmpv hospitalization. detection of hmpv by polymerase chai ... | 2005 | 15778961 |
| fusion of dsba to the n-terminus of ctl chimeric epitope, f/m2:81-95, of respiratory syncytial virus prolongs protein- and virus-specific ctl responses in balb/c mice. | in an effort to seek a means of inducing long lasting respiratory syncytial virus-specific ctl responses in mice, we constructed a new recombinant protein, dsba-f/m2:81-95, by fusing carrier protein dsba (disulfide bond isomerase) to the n-terminus of ctl chimeric epitope f/m2:81-95 of this virus. dsba-f/m2:81-95 can induce effectively virus-specific ctl responses as well as protective immunity without association with enhanced disease. furthermore, compared with f/m2:81-95 alone, it increases t ... | 2005 | 15780735 |
| dna immunization against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infant rhesus monkeys. | a dna vaccine was tested in infant rhesus macaques to evaluate its safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy. monkeys were vaccinated and challenged with a clinical isolate of human rsv. vaccinated animals developed humoral and cellular responses following inoculation with plasmid dna encoding the fusion (f) and nucleoprotein (n), from closely related bovine rsv. vaccinated monkeys had decreased rsv in their lungs post-infection, and there was a qualitative difference in histopathology obse ... | 2005 | 15780742 |
| primary infection of mice with high titer inoculum respiratory syncytial virus: characterization and response to antiviral therapy. | intranasal infection of balb/c mice with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-a2 (0.5 x 10(8) - 2.0 x 10(8) plaque-forming units, pfu) produced disease characterized by weight loss (2-3 g) and mortality (60%-100%) with the mean day of death ranging from 6-7 d after infection. the extent of rsv disease was inoculum titer-dependent and required a replication competent virus. lung titers of virus peaked at 0.5-1 x 10(6) pfu/g wet weight. bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) levels of il-1beta, tnf-alph ... | 2005 | 15791294 |
| a substitution in rous sarcoma virus integrase that separates its two biologically relevant enzymatic activities. | retroviral integrase prepares viral dna for integration by removing 2 nucleotides from each end of unintegrated dna in a reaction referred to as processing. however, it has been known since the processing assay was first described that avian integrases frequently nick 3 nucleotides, as well as 2 nucleotides, from viral dna ends when reaction mixtures contain mn2+. we now report that specificity for the biologically relevant "-2" site is enhanced when the serine at amino acid 124 of rous sarcoma ... | 2005 | 15795255 |
| defining the timing of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) outbreaks: an epidemiological study. | seasonal rsv infections occur every year and affect particularly children under six months of age. passive immunoprophylaxis with monoclonal antibody palivizumab is recommended in the period with high risk of rsv infection. this study aims to define the period for the southern part of germany (stuttgart area). | 2005 | 15801975 |
| concurrent bacterial infection and prolonged mechanical ventilation in infants with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease. | to identify demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables predictive for a concurrent bacterial pulmonary infection in ventilated infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract disease (lrtd) and investigate antimicrobial drug use. | 2005 | 15803295 |
| plasma interferon-gamma, interleukin-10 and soluble markers of immune activation in infants with primary adenovirus (adv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | adenovirus (adv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are etiological agents of acute respiratory tract infection in infants. long-term prognosis of adv infection includes severe lung damage, bronchiectasis and hyperlucent lung, while rsv infection is associated with development of recurrent wheezing and subsequent asthma. these differences may be related to differences in the primary immune responses elicited by these viruses. in this paper, we investigated the type of cytokine responses and t ... | 2005 | 15809204 |
| soluble interleukin-2 receptor (scd25) and interleukin-10 plasma concentrations are associated with severity of primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | the role of the immune response in the severity of rsv infection was examined by determining plasma concentrations of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), interleukin-10 (il-10), interleukin-2 receptor (scd25) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor ii (stnfr-ii) in 196, previously healthy infants, during acute and convalescence phases of primary rsv infection. the results were analyzed separately for days 1-4 (early) and days 5-7 (late) of symptoms before sample collection and according to disease ... | 2005 | 15809211 |
| respiratory syncytial virus m2-1 protein induces the activation of nuclear factor kappa b. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induces the production of a number of cytokines and chemokines by activation of nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappab). the activation of nf-kappab has been shown to depend on viral replication in the infected cells. in this study, we demonstrate that expression of rsv m2-1 protein, a transcriptional processivity and anti-termination factor, is sufficient to activate nf-kappab in a549 cells. electromobility shift assays show increased nf-kappab complexes in the nucl ... | 2005 | 15629770 |
| severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is affected by cigarette smoke exposure and atopy. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is a common cause of hospitalizations in children and has been increasingly identified as a risk factor in the development of asthma. little is known about what determines the severity of rsv bronchiolitis, which may be helpful in the initial assessment of these children. | 2005 | 15629968 |
| progression of respiratory syncytial virus infection monitored by fluorescent quantum dot probes. | we report the use of quantum dots (qds) to identify the presence and monitor the progression of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection over time by labeling the f and g proteins. in addition, co-localization of these viral proteins was shown using confocal microscopy. the implications of these results are that qds may provide a method for early, rapid detection of viral infection and open the door for future studies of the intricate spatial features cell trafficking of viral proteins. | 2005 | 15826092 |
| rhoa signaling is required for respiratory syncytial virus-induced syncytium formation and filamentous virion morphology. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important human pathogen that can cause severe and life-threatening respiratory infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised adults. rsv infection of hep-2 cells induces the activation of rhoa, a small gtpase. we therefore asked whether rhoa signaling is important for rsv replication or syncytium formation. the treatment of hep-2 cells with clostridium botulinum c3, an enzyme that adp-ribosylates and specifically inactivates rhoa, inhibited rs ... | 2005 | 15827147 |
| effects of nonstructural proteins ns1 and ns2 of human respiratory syncytial virus on interferon regulatory factor 3, nf-kappab, and proinflammatory cytokines. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the leading cause of serious pediatric acute respiratory tract infections, and a better understanding is needed of the host response to hrsv and its attenuated vaccine derivatives. it has been shown previously that hrsv nonstructural proteins 1 and 2 (ns1 and ns2) inhibit the induction of alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) in a549 cells and human macrophages. two principal transcription factors for the early ifn-beta and -alpha1 response are interf ... | 2005 | 15827150 |
| inhibition of toll-like receptor 7- and 9-mediated alpha/beta interferon production in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells by respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus. | human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc) are key sentinels alerting both innate and adaptive immune responses through production of huge amounts of alpha/beta interferon (ifn). ifn induction in pdc is triggered by outside-in signal transduction pathways through toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7) and tlr9 as well as by recognition of cytosolic virus-specific patterns. tlr7 and tlr9 ligands include single-stranded rna and cpg-rich dna, respectively, as well as synthetic derivatives thereof which are bein ... | 2005 | 15827165 |
| a phylogenetic study of human respiratory syncytial viruses group a and b strains isolated in two cities in japan from 1980-2002. | the circulation pattern and genetic evolution of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in japan were examined based on 109 rsv field strains isolated over 20 seasons (1980-2002) in two cities, sapporo and tokyo. the second hypervariable region of the large glycoprotein (g) gene was amplified by rt-pcr and the products sequenced directly. the nucleotide sequences were compared to those representatives of rsv genotypes identified previously. japanese group a and b isolates clustered into five and four ... | 2005 | 15834873 |
| age-dependent differences in cytokine and antibody responses after experimental rsv infection in a bovine model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe respiratory disease in both infants and calves. as in humans, bovine rsv (brsv) infections are most severe in the first 6 months of life. in this study, experimental infection with brsv was performed in calves aged 1-5, 9-16 or 32-37 weeks. compared to younger animals, older calves showed significantly less fever and lower tnfalpha levels and less virus-specific ifngamma release. in addition, blood from older animals had more mononuclear cells, mor ... | 2005 | 15837365 |
| molecular and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized children. | the objective of this study was to determine the importance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) for hospitalization in the north east of germany and to obtain molecular epidemiological data of the circulating strains. using a rapid and sensitive reverse transcriptase-pcr, it was found that a quarter of pediatric respiratory disease admissions were due to rsv. infections caused by rsv in hospitalized patients were determined over the whole year. both rsv groups a and b were identified with a pre ... | 2005 | 14722763 |
| respiratory development of 5- to 6- year-old children experiencing a first bronchiolitis episode before age one. | the relationship between early infections due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), particularly bronchiolitis in infancy, and the subsequent development of asthma, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and/or other allergic manifestations, seems increasingly certain, even if the mechanisms involved are not yet quite clear. | 2005 | 16528903 |
| community respiratory viruses as a cause of lower respiratory tract infections following suppressive chemotherapy in cancer patients. | community respiratory viruses are an important cause of respiratory disease in the immunocompromised patients with cancer. to evaluate the occurrence and clinical significance of respiratory virus infections in hospitalized cancer patients at national cancer institute, cairo university, during anticancer treatment, we studied cases that developed episodes of lower respiratory tract infections (lrti). | 2005 | 16508683 |
| patient information. what is respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)? | 2005 | 16411555 | |
| bronchiolitis in abha, southwest saudi arabia: viral etiology and predictors for hospital admission. | bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in children less than 24 months of age and the most frequent cause of hospitalization in infants under 6 months of age. | 2005 | 16483044 |
| [inf-gamma during respiratory-syncytial induced obstructive respiratory syndrome in infection in children under one year of age]. | lately the connection of asthma and rsv drew the sufficient attention. the recurrent wheezing developed during the rsv in children is particularly frequent in the families having history of atopy. the decreased expression of infgamma may play the role in the pathogenesis of rsv infection. the target of our research was the study of the rate of infgamma during various clinical courses of rsv-infection and definition of its role in the pathogenesis of arvi. 52 children with rsv-associated wheezing ... | 2005 | 16444036 |
| [study on the relations between epidemiology of respiratory syncytial infection in children and climate factors in hangzhou]. | to study the epidemiolgy of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in children and its relations to climate factors in hangzhou. | 2005 | 16390007 |
| influence of immunisation with mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin on the sensitisation to inhaled allergens after infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) may play an important role in allergic diathesis by creating a th2-type immune response. mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) is known to induce a th1-type immune response, but the association of bcg vaccination and the suppression of allergy development remain controversial. we investigated the influence of bcg vaccination on the immune response to rsv in a mouse model. balb/c mice were bcg vaccinated, rsv infected and ovalbumin (ova) challenged. ... | 2005 | 16362797 |
| respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology in turkey. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of rsv among high-risk children admitted with respiratory symptoms in a developing country. this is a multicenter study conducted among children less than 24 months of age and admitted to the hospital with respiratory symptoms. the inclusion criteria included: lower respiratory tract symptoms on admission, gesta ... | 2005 | 16363337 |
| influenza and respiratory syncytial virus morbidity among 0-19 aged group in yunus emre health center. | the objective of the study was to determine the morbidity of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the 0-19 years of age group with influenza-like illness among the outpatient cases. from 20 january to 31 march 2003 a total of 123 subjects with upper respiratory tract infection attended yunus emre health center. ninety-one subjects fit the case definition of influenza-like illness, which consisted of acute fever of more than 38 degrees c, cough, and sore throat. after obta ... | 2005 | 16363339 |
| intravenous ribavirin is a safe and cost-effective treatment for respiratory syncytial virus infection after lung transplantation. | community-acquired viral infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), represent a risk factor for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (bos), the major limiting factor for long-term survival after lung transplantation (ltx). rsv often presents with acute bronchiolitis and may be fatal in 10% to 20% of patients. standard therapies for rsv include nebulized ribavirin with or without steroids, but are costly and inconvenient. we investigated the utility of intravenous (iv) ribavirin with ste ... | 2005 | 16364859 |
| [respiratory syncytial virus infection]. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common worldwide cause of lower respiratory tract infections (lri) in infants less than 12 months of age. rsv isolates can be divided into group a and b. in addition, there were many genotypes within each group, and these genotypes have evolved global setting with temporal and geographic clustering. many cellular genes encoding cytokines and chemokines which are activated by rsv infection has now been focused for the elucidation of pathophysiol ... | 2005 | 16366356 |
| medical and economic impact of a respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes frequent nosocomial outbreaks in general pediatric wards but is less commonly reported in neonatal intensive care units (nicus). we investigated an outbreak of rsv infection in a nicu and its impact on health care delivery, outcomes and costs. | 2005 | 16371862 |
| contribution of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses to acute respiratory infections in san luis potosí, mexico. | respiratory viruses are the main pathogens associated with acute respiratory illness (ari) in children. | 2005 | 16371864 |
| virus-induced airway dysfunction: pathogenesis and biomechanisms. | viral respiratory tract infections cause significant morbidity and mortality. respiratory viruses are suspected to play a role in the inception of asthma early in life. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of infant bronchiolitis, which is associated with the development of childhood wheezing and asthma. however, it is not clear whether this association is "causal" or "circumstantial." | 2005 | 16378041 |
| factors predicting childhood respiratory syncytial virus severity: what they indicate about pathogenesis. | a plethora of clinical experience exists defining the factors associated with differences in severity of childhood respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. these clinical severity factors reveal a wealth of information about the pathogenesis of this disease. reviewing and interpreting the clinical risk factors to gain an insight into rsv pathogenesis is important, especially considering the relative lack of parallel between many animal models of rsv infection and observed human disease. | 2005 | 16378043 |
| chronic manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus infection in premature infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in healthy infants born at term results in long term sequelae. infants born prematurely are at increased risk of severe acute rsv infection; thus it would seem likely that such infants would be at increased risk of long term respiratory sequelae. | 2005 | 16378044 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections: old challenges and new opportunities. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among children aged < 1 year. the majority of children hospitalized for rsv infection are younger than 6 months of age. rsv also causes repeated infections including severe lower respiratory tract disease, which may occur at any age, especially among the elderly or those with compromised cardiac, pulmonary, or immune systems. | 2005 | 16378045 |
| modulation of respiratory syncytial virus-induced prostaglandin e2 production by n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human respiratory epithelium. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) results in substantial infant morbidity and has been associated with the subsequent development of childhood asthma. inflammatory mediators produced by both the epithelium and tissue leukocytes during rsv infection stimulate the release of chemotactic factors by the respiratory epithelium and the subsequent influx of inflammatory cells, predominantly neutrophils. we investigated the production of inflammatory mediators [prostaglandin e2 (pge2), in ... | 2005 | 16382572 |
| noninvasive therapy with helium-oxygen for severe bronchiolitis. | to determine whether noninvasive therapy using a helium-oxygen mixture reduces the use of positive-pressure ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure caused by severe bronchiolitis. | 2005 | 16356437 |
| brief report: respiratory syncytial virus activity--united states, 2004-2005. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) (e.g., bronchiolitis and pneumonia) among young children, resulting in an estimated 51,000-82,000 hospitalizations annually in the united states. rsv also causes severe disease and death among older persons and persons of all ages with compromised respiratory, cardiac, or immune systems and can exacerbate chronic cardiac and pulmonary conditions. in temperate climates, most rsv infections occur durin ... | 2005 | 16358448 |
| [microbiologic diagnosis of acute upper respiratory tract infections]. | the main aim of the microbiological diagnosis is to detect the etiologic agent of an infection. in case of bacteria it means to check the susceptibility to antibiotics. it can be difficult to find the etiological agent of respiratory tract infections due to wide range of potential pathogens both viral and bacterial. culture methods are the most frequently used while in case of atypical and viral pathogens rather serological methods based on specific antibody level checking are recommended. in hi ... | 2005 | 16358917 |
| [viral etiology of pneumonia in children]. | to evaluate the viral pathogen of pneumonia in children. | 2005 | 16331823 |
| viral infections in the elderly. the challenges of managing herpes zoster, influenza, and rsv. | viral diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients, whether they live in the community or in long-term care facilities. management of viral infections in older adults is complicated by factors that include the infrequency or absence of common signs and symptoms of infection and adverse drug reactions. in this article, drs bader and mckinsey discuss the clinical features and treatment of herpes zoster and the respiratory diseases caused by influenza and respirato ... | 2005 | 16329530 |
| [diagnostics of viral respiratory infections in hospitalized patients and ambulatory patients from sentinel program during 2004/05 season in poland]. | the aim of the study was to evaluate an impact of respiratory infections on the study population, type/subtype of influenza viruses circulating during 2004/05 season within the groups of hospitalised (n=35) and ambulatory patients (n=420) and to determine antigenic affinity of isolated viral strains. laboratory diagnostics of influenza a and b type, rsv, adenovirus and parainfluenzavirus (type 1, 2 and 3) was performed using direct immunofluorescence test (difa), virus isolation on mdck cell lin ... | 2005 | 16789521 |
| medical burden of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 infection among us children. implications for design of vaccine trials. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) are two leading causes of lower respiratory illness (lri) in infants. many efforts have been directed to develop vaccines against these two viruses. licensure of new vaccines includes three phases of clinical trials to evaluate safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. to design an efficacy trial, age-specific incidence rates of suitable clinical endpoints need to be available. in this review, historical data are summarized to e ... | 2005 | 17038832 |
| risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly persons. | risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection were determined in 3 cohorts of adults during 2 consecutive winters (1999-2000 and 2000-2001) in rochester, new york. community-dwelling healthy persons > or =65 years old and persons >21 years old who had underlying symptomatic cardiopulmonary conditions were prospectively evaluated for rsv infection. evidence of infection was also sought in persons who were > or =65 years old or had underlying cardiopulmonary disease and who w ... | 2004 | 14722887 |
| influence of promoter variants of interleukin-10, interleukin-9, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha genes on respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | previously, we reported genetic associations between severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infants and polymorphisms in the interleukin (il)-4 and il-4 receptor alpha (il-4ralpha) genes, providing evidence for involvement of t helper type 2 cytokines in the pathogenesis of rsv bronchiolitis. we expanded our studies to polymorphisms in genes encoding il-9, il-10, and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, using both a transmission/disequilibrium test and a case-control approach. c ... | 2004 | 14722888 |
| regional differences in the early mucosal immune response induced by primary inoculation of mice with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of respiratory tract infection in infants. little is known about the characteristics of critical immunologic inductive sites within respiratory-associated lymphoid tissues (ralt) upon rsv infection. we examined the kinetics and characteristics of early mucosal rsv-specific immune responses after primary inoculation of mice. we found that the initial production of virus-specific antibodies was restricted to the organized lymphoid tissu ... | 2004 | 14726231 |
| persistent airway inflammation after resolution of respiratory syncytial virus infection in rats. | neurogenic inflammation is markedly potentiated in airways that are infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). aims of this study were to determine whether this potentiation persists after the virus is cleared, investigate the mechanism of postviral potentiation, and define whether prophylaxis with a mab against the rsv fusion protein (palivizumab) prevents this effect. thirty days after inoculation, no evidence of active rsv infection was found in the airway epithelium by plaque assay or ... | 2004 | 14711892 |
| genetic analysis of a divergent selection for resistance to rous sarcomas in chickens. | selection for disease resistance related traits is a tool of choice for evidencing and exploring genetic variability and studying underlying resistance mechanisms. in this framework, chickens originating from a base population, homozygote for the b19 major histocompatibility complex (mhc) were divergently selected for either progression or regression of tumors induced at 4 weeks of age by a sr-d strain of rous sarcoma virus (rsv). the first generation of selection was based on a progeny test and ... | 2004 | 14713410 |
| sustained increases in numbers of pulmonary dendritic cells after respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis in infants can lead to wheezing and early allergic sensitization. in mice, rsv infection enhances allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. dendritic cells are critical in inducing t-cell responses to both viruses and allergens and could be pivotal in regulating interactions between these. | 2004 | 14713917 |
| multiplex real-time pcr assay for detection of influenza and human respiratory syncytial viruses. | a multiplex real-time pcr assay was developed with a lightcycler instrument for detection of influenza viruses a and b and the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). detection of each viral product and of an internal control was based on determination of specific melting temperatures by the lightcycler software. the lower limit of detection in the multiplex pcr assay was found to be 50 copies for each viral target. in an evaluation of nasopharyngeal samples collected from hospitalized childre ... | 2004 | 14715730 |
| sensitivity of respiratory virus culture when screening with r-mix fresh cells. | use of r-mix fresh cells has been shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for the detection and identification of respiratory viruses. we prospectively evaluated the impact of incorporation of r-mix shell vials on the sensitivity and time to detection of seven respiratory viruses recovered in a comprehensive culture during the course of an entire respiratory season in a high-volume clinical laboratory. in this study, r-mix shell vials were used as part of the culture of 3803 respiratory specime ... | 2004 | 14715735 |
| antiviral activity of hop constituents against a series of dna and rna viruses. | we investigated whether crude hop extracts and purified hop components representing every major chemical class of hop compound have antiviral activity. these hop constituents were tested for antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) as a surrogate model of hepatitis c virus (hcv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), influenza a virus (flu-a), influenza b virus (flu-b), rhinovirus (rhino), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), yellow fever virus (yfv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), hepa ... | 2004 | 14670594 |
| effects of altering the transcription termination signals of respiratory syncytial virus on viral gene expression and growth in vitro and in vivo. | nonsegmented negative-sense rna viruses (mononegaviruses) control viral gene expression largely through a transcription gradient such that promoter-proximal genes are transcribed more abundantly than downstream genes. for some paramyxoviruses, naturally occurring differences in the levels of efficiency of transcription termination by various gene end (ge) signals provide an additional level of regulation of gene expression. the first two genes (ns1 and ns2) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) a ... | 2004 | 14694100 |
| viral infections, atopy, and asthma: is there a causal relationship? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains the chief cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract illnesses in both infants and young children, and can produce severe outcomes. in addition, several studies have suggested that infants in whom rsv bronchiolitis develops may have recurrent wheezing and asthma later in childhood. further complicating the picture is the question of whether there is a link between rsv infection in infancy and the development of atopy later in childhood. this re ... | 2004 | 14694345 |
| presence of specific viruses in the middle ear fluids and respiratory secretions of young children with acute otitis media. | the purpose of the study was to investigate the presence of different viruses in middle ear fluids and nasopharyngeal aspirates in young children with acute otitis media. two cohorts of children (n = 329 and 611) were followed from 2 to 24 months of age in finland in two prospective studies (finnish otitis media cohort study and finnish otitis media vaccine trial). during the study period, nasopharyngeal and middle ear fluid specimens for each acute otitis media event were examined for eight (co ... | 2004 | 14695665 |
| evidence of human metapneumovirus in children in argentina. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a virus, which was first associated with acute lower respiratory infection in children but is detected currently in all age groups. clinical symptoms are similar to those described for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections, ranging from mild respiratory illness to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children. to date, no cases of hmpv have been reported in argentina. in this study, 440 respiratory samples obtained during the period 1998-2002 from children ... | 2004 | 14695673 |
| packaging and reverse transcription of snrnas by retroviruses may generate pseudogenes. | retroviruses specifically package two copies of their rna genome in each viral particle, along with some small cellular rnas, including trnas and 7s l rna. we show here that rous sarcoma virus (rsv) also packages u6 snrna at approximately one copy per virion. in addition, trace amounts of u1 and u2 snrnas were detected in purified virus by northern blotting. u6 snrna comigrated with the rsv 70s genomic rna dimer on sucrose gradients. we observed reverse transcription of u6 snrna in an endogenous ... | 2004 | 14730028 |
| predisposition of infants with chronic lung disease to respiratory syncytial virus-induced respiratory failure: a vascular hypothesis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes the highest rate of severe respiratory infections and mortality in infants and children worldwide. preterm infants with underlying chronic lung disease (cld), including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd), are among those at high risk for severe morbidity, long term sequelae and mortality postinfection. the definition of cld/bpd has evolved and is currently described as a disease of restricted lung development (i.e. impaired alveolar and pulmonary vascular d ... | 2004 | 14730268 |
| physiologic risk factors for respiratory viral infections and immunoprophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus in young children with congenital heart disease. | infants and children with congenital heart disease (chd) are a population at increased risk for infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and its inherent complications compared with the general population. rsv infection increases morbidity from respiratory complications in young chd patients. | 2004 | 14730269 |
| contribution of respiratory syncytial virus g antigenicity to vaccine-enhanced illness and the implications for severe disease during primary respiratory syncytial virus infection. | immunization of balb/c mice with vaccinia virus expressing the g glycoprotein (vvg) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or with formalin-inactivated alum-precipitated rsv (fi-rsv) predisposes for severe illness, type 2 cytokine production and pulmonary eosinophilia after challenge with live rsv. this similar disease profile has led to the proposal that the presence of the g glycoprotein in the fi-rsv preparation was the immunologic basis for the vaccine-associated enhancement of disease observe ... | 2004 | 14730270 |
| the future of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of viral lower respiratory tract illness in infants and children and is an important cause of lower respiratory tract illness in other populations. despite decades of research there are currently no licensed vaccines for prevention of rsv disease. | 2004 | 14730272 |
| pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is an important cause of severe respiratory disease in infants. this study aimed to characterise changes in pulmonary pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in infants with rsv bronchiolitis over the course of the illness. on the day of intubation (day 1) and the day of extubation (day x), nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on term and preterm infants ventilated for rsv bronchiolitis and on control infants on day 1. tumour necrosis ... | 2004 | 14738241 |
| increased toll-like receptor 4 expression in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | the fusion protein of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) binds to the pattern recognition receptors, tlr4 and cd14, and initiates innate immunity response to the virus. the aim of the study was to investigate the expression of tlr4 on peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood of infants in both acute and convalescent phase of rsv bronchiolitis (n = 26). in addition, tnf-alpha expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes was also assessed. the results showed tlr4 ... | 2004 | 14738455 |
| soluble cd14 as a predictor of subsequent development of recurrent wheezing in hospitalized young children with respiratory syncytial virus-induced bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in infancy that causes severe bronchiolitis had been implicated as potentially responsible for the subsequent development of asthma. the cd14 receptor responds to the microbial burden in the environment and modulates the development of the allergic phenotype. | 2004 | 15191023 |
| an assessment of different dna delivery systems for protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection in the murine model: gene-gun delivery induces igg in the lung. | immunization with plasmid dna (pdna) has the potential to overcome the difficulties of neonatal vaccination that may be required for protection against infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv); however, little is known about optimal delivery modalities. in this pilot study we compared mucosal delivery of pdna encoding rsv f protein encapsulated in poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) with delivery of pdna by gene-gun for the induction of immunity in mice. intra-gastric or intra-nasal immunizati ... | 2004 | 15193407 |
| anticipated costs of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children at risk. | reliable estimates of hospitalization costs for severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection are necessary to perform economic analyses of preventive strategies of severe rsv disease. we aimed to develop a model that predicts anticipated mean rsv hospitalization costs of groups of young children at risk for hospitalization, but not yet hospitalized, based on readily available child characteristics. | 2004 | 15194833 |
| [qtl analysis for rice stripe disease resistance gene using recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from crossing of kinmaze and dv85]. | rice stripe disease transmitted by small brown planthopper (laodelphax striatellus fall.) is one of the most serious viral diseases in east asia. the disease is severely epidemic in most rice growing areas where the main cultivars are susceptible or moderately susceptible to rice stripe virus. in this research, a recombinant inbred lines (rils) population of 81 lines derived from a cross of kinmaze (japonica)/dv85(indica) by the single seed descent method was used to detect quantitative trait lo ... | 2004 | 15195569 |
| lymphocyte apoptosis in acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection may have an effect on the development of t cell memory responses. rsv bronchiolitis in infants is associated with a transient decline in circulating lymphocytes. we hypothesized that the mechanism underlying this lymphopenia is apoptosis. blood was taken from 32 infants during primary rsv bronchiolitis and three months later. using flow cytometry, we found that absolute numbers of both cd3+/cd4+ t-helper lymphocytes (p = 0.029) and cd3+/cd8+ cytotoxic ... | 2004 | 15196254 |
| decreased interferon-gamma response in respiratory syncytial virus compared to other respiratory viral infections in infants. | an inappropriate interferon-gamma response has been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract illness (lrti). to assess whether this is unique for rsv primary lrti compared to a first non-rsv lrti, intracellular interferon-gamma was determined by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 32 infants with a primary rsv infection, 28 with a first non-rsv lrti due to adenoviral, parainfluenzaviral and rhinoviral infection and 1 ... | 2004 | 15196255 |
| expression of ctla-4 (cd152) in peripheral blood t cells of children with influenza virus infection including encephalopathy in comparison with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the most common causes of acute severe respiratory infection in children during the winter. there have been few reports about peripheral blood t cell activation in vivo in influenza virus infection and conflicting results concerning peripheral blood t cells activation in rsv infection. cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (ctla-4, cd152) is a receptor present on t cells that plays a critical role in the down-regulation of antigen-a ... | 2004 | 15196256 |
| mothers may transmit rsv infection more easily or severely to sons than daughters: community study from guinea-bissau. | opposite gender transmission may increase the severity of certain infections. if infections transmitted from mother to son were more severe than from mother to daughter this might explain severe diseases among boys, particularly in small families with few individuals contributing to transmission. among children from guinea-bissau, we tested whether mothers with recent respiratory syncytial virus exposure (positive igm and iga antibody responses) were more likely to have male than female children ... | 2004 | 15198187 |
| bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus in an area of portugal: epidemiology, clinical features, and risk factors. | the aim of the present study was to analyse the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in 225 children observed in a paediatric hospital in lisbon, portugal, and to determine the clinical, epidemiological, or laboratory parameters that correlate with greater severity of the disease. this prospective study included hospitalised and ambulatory children younger than 36 months of age with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis and was conducte ... | 2004 | 14615937 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity and cytokine expression in calves vaccinated with formalin-inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus prior to challenge. | the development of effective, safe vaccines for human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been problematic. inactivated rsv vaccines are of variable efficacy; poor efficacy may be related to induction of ineffective cell-mediated immunity (cmi). to characterize cmi in calves vaccinated with formalin inactivated (fi) brsv, 11 calves were vaccinated twice with fi-brsv (n=5) or mock vaccine (n=6) at a 2 week interval and challenged 1 month later. prior to challenge a cannula was placed ... | 2004 | 14656542 |
| regulation of mite allergen-pulsed murine dendritic cells by respiratory syncytial virus. | dendritic cells (dcs) are the only antigen-presenting cells that determine t-cell differentiation and play an important role in both allergy and viral infection. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can infect dcs and affect their functions. the aim of this study was to determine the interaction between rsv infection and dermatophagoides farinae allergen (d. farinae) sensitization on the development of allergy at the dc level. murine bone marrow-derived dcs were prepared and treated as: control; d. ... | 2004 | 14656751 |
| dimeric rous sarcoma virus capsid protein structure relevant to immature gag assembly. | the structure of the n-terminal domain (ntd) of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) capsid protein (ca), with an upstream 25 amino acid residue extension corresponding to the c-terminal portion of the gag p10 protein, has been determined by x-ray crystallography. purified gag proteins of retroviruses can assemble in vitro into virus-like particles closely resembling in vivo-assembled immature virus particles, but without a membrane. when the 25 amino acid residues upstream of ca are deleted, gag assembles ... | 2004 | 14659756 |
| vaccine therapy for murine glioma using tumor cells genetically modified to express b7.1. | in a syngeneic mouse brain tumor model, we tested the hypothesis that vaccination with tumor cells genetically modified to express b7.1 molecules induces tumor-specific t cells and immunological antitumor effects. | 2004 | 14683556 |
| a placebo-controlled trial of a proprietary extract of north american ginseng (cvt-e002) to prevent acute respiratory illness in institutionalized older adults. | to compare a proprietary extract of american ginseng, cvt-e002, with placebo in preventing acute respiratory illness (ari) in an institutional setting during the influenza season. | 2004 | 14687309 |
| cytokine pattern is solely influenced by priming vaccine but immunity and disease by both priming and boosting vaccines in mice challenged with respiratory syncytial virus. | vaccine formulation can influence cytokine and disease patterns in mice following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) challenge. the influence of different live and killed dual-vaccine combinations on subsequent immune responses was investigated. balb/c mice received either killed followed by killed (kv/kv), killed followed by live (kv/lv), live followed by killed (lv/kv), or live followed by live (lv/lv) rsv vaccines intramuscularly. mouse weight loss, viral replication, cytokine expression patte ... | 2004 | 14687950 |
| antigen presentation by a macrophage-like cell line persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | severe infection by the human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) early in life is associated with subsequent recurrent airway disease presumably mediated by dysregulation of the local immune response. dysfunction of the immune response may be related to impaired macrophage functions. we have previously reported that rsv persistence in a macrophage culture (mphiper) alters fcgamma receptors (fcgammar)-mediated phagocytosis and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. here, we determined wheth ... | 2004 | 14687952 |
| improved effector activity and memory cd8 t cell development by il-2 expression during experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory infection in young children and the elderly. studies of mice suggest that rsv suppresses the effector activity of cd8 t cells and the development of pulmonary cd8 t cell memory, in which the impaired effector activity could be recovered by in vitro il-2 treatment. to investigate the effect of in vivo il-2 expression on rsv immunity, mice were infected with rsv followed by administration of replication-defective adenovirus ex ... | 2004 | 14688360 |
| association of matrix protein of respiratory syncytial virus with the host cell membrane of infected cells. | the matrix protein of paramyxoviruses plays an important role in virus assembly through its interactions with cell membrane, virus envelope and virus nucleocapsid. in the present study, we investigated the possible association of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) matrix (m) protein with the plasma membrane of infected cells. using confocal microscopy we found that m was present at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. we used flotation gradients to purify membranes from rsv infected cells ... | 2004 | 14689285 |
| human metapneumovirus infection among children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness. | recent studies have associated human metapneu-movirus (hmpv) infection in children with respiratory disease of similar severity as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we studied 668 banked swab specimens (one per admission) collected from a population-based, prospective study of acute respiratory illness among inpatient children from two u.s. cities. specimens were tested for hmpv, rsv, influenza, and parainfluenza viruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. twent ... | 2004 | 15200863 |
| respiratory picornaviruses and respiratory syncytial virus as causative agents of acute expiratory wheezing in children. | we studied the viral etiology of acute expiratory wheezing (bronchiolitis, acute asthma) in 293 hospitalized children in a 2-year prospective study in finland. a potential causative viral agent was detected in 88% of the cases. eleven different viruses were represented. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (27%), enteroviruses (25%), rhinovirus (24%), and nontypable rhino/enterovirus (16%) were found most frequently. in infants, rsv was found in 54% and respiratory picornaviruses (rhinovirus and en ... | 2004 | 15207063 |
| mechanisms of illness during respiratory syncytial virus infection: the lungs, the virus and the immune response. | multiple factors, including cardiopulmonary anatomy, direct viral effects and the immune response can affect the severity of lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv is the most frequent viral respiratory cause of hospitalization in infants and young children in the world. in this review, we discuss the mechanisms of illness associated with severe rsv lower respiratory tract disease. a better understanding of the factors affecting the course of illness and ... | 2004 | 15207824 |
| respiratory morbidity 20 years after rsv infection in infancy. | epidemiological data suggest that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in early life is a risk factor for later asthma. there are no prospective studies on rsv infection starting from infancy progressing through childhood into adulthood. we followed up a cohort of children, hospitalized for rsv bronchiolitis or rsv pneumonia before age 24 months, until age 18-20 years. the aim of the study was to evaluate early rsv infection as a risk factor for asthma, bronchial reactivity, and lung func ... | 2004 | 15211700 |
| oral efficacy of a respiratory syncytial virus inhibitor in rodent models of infection. | bms-433771 is a potent inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication in vitro. mechanism of action studies have demonstrated that bms-433771 halts virus entry through inhibition of f protein-mediated membrane fusion. bms-433771 also exhibited in vivo efficacy following oral administration in a mouse model of rsv infection (c. cianci, k. y. yu, k. combrink, n. sin, b. pearce, a. wang, r. civiello, s. voss, g. luo, k. kadow, e. genovesi, b. venables, h. gulgeze, a. trehan, j. james, l ... | 2004 | 15215093 |
| humoral and mucosal immunity in protection from natural respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. | virus-specific nasal immunoglobulin (ig) a and serum antibody titers in 67 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected adults were compared with titers in age-matched uninfected control subjects. control subjects had significantly higher levels of nasal iga and serum igg to the rsv f, ga, and gb proteins than infected subjects. serum neutralizing-antibody titers to group a and b rsv strains were also lower in infected subjects, although differences were not as large. multivariate analysis found t ... | 2004 | 15216475 |
| a novel protein expression strategy using recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv): modifications of the peptide sequence between the two furin cleavage sites of the brsv fusion protein yield secreted proteins, but affect processing and function of the brsv fusion protein. | the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) fusion (f) protein is cleaved at two furin cleavage sites, which results in generation of the disulfide-linked f(1) and f(2) subunits and release of an intervening peptide of 27 aa (pep27). a series of mutated open reading frames encoding f proteins that lacked the entire pep27, that contained an arbitrarily chosen 23 aa sequence instead of pep27 or in which pep27 was replaced by the amino acid sequences for the bovine cytokines interleukin 2 (boil2) ... | 2004 | 15218165 |
| elevated levels of soluble adhesion molecules in sera of patients with acute bronchiolitis. | the mechanisms of migration of neutrophils into the airway lumen are crucial in the development of airway injury of acute bronchiolitis and are mediated by adhesion molecules. in this study, we have attempted to evaluate the role of serum concentrations of the soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sicam-1) in the disease activity in acute bronchiolitis and in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. circulating levels of sicam-1 in sera from 10 normal control subjects, and from ... | 2004 | 15221034 |
| development of a quantitative taqman rt-pcr for respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a ubiquitous rna virus of the family paramyxoviridae that may interfere with graft tolerance and with other interstitial lung diseases. the low viral titre observed in the immunodeficient transplanted patients requires a highly sensitive detection method. although different tests already exist for the detection of rsv, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has been shown to have the best sensitivity. in this study, a sybr green assay was es ... | 2004 | 15234808 |
| a simplified plaque assay for respiratory syncytial virus--direct visualization of plaques without immunostaining. | due to their generally small size, detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) plaques commonly relies on immunostaining using either polyclonal antisera or a pool of monoclonal antibodies against the surface fusion glycoprotein. disadvantages include the costs of the antibodies and substrate, and microscopic examination is often needed for counting of plaques. by optimizing many parameters, greatly improved plaque assays for rsv a2, long and rsv b 18537 strains using vero or hep-2 cells have ... | 2004 | 15234816 |
| retrovirus-mediated gene transfer and expression of egfp in chicken. | here, we successfully demonstrate expression of the egfp (enhanced green fluorescence protein) gene in chickens using replication-defective mlv (murine leukemia virus)-based retrovirus vectors encapsidated with vsv-g (vesicular stomatitis virus g glycoprotein). the recombinant retrovirus was injected beneath the blastoderm of non-incubated chicken embryos (stage x). after 12 days incubation, all of the eight living embryos assayed were found to express this vector-encoded egfp gene, which was un ... | 2004 | 15236326 |
| rsv outbreak in a paediatric intensive care unit. | the royal liverpool children's hospital-alder hey paediatric intensive care unit (picu) usually has a low rate of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we report and analyse a major outbreak of nosocomial (acquired) rsv infection on the picu during a rsv season. all children admitted to the picu were studied during the six-month winter period 1 october 2002 to 31 march 2002. nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested using an in vitro enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) membrane test f ... | 2004 | 15236847 |
| mannan-binding lectin and rsv lower respiratory tract infection leading to hospitalization in children: a case-control study from soweto, south africa. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important microbiological cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in infants. mannan-binding lectin (mbl) is believed to play a major protective role in the vulnerable period in infancy where the maternal antibodies have been catabolized, and the adaptive immune system has not yet matured. mutations in the promoter region and in exon 1 of the gene-encoding mbl result in low serum levels of mbl. mbl deficiency is the most common immunodefici ... | 2004 | 15238088 |
| evaluation of the binax now, bd directigen, and bd directigen ez assays for detection of respiratory syncytial virus. | the binax now assay (binax, inc., portland, maine) and the bd directigen ez assay (becton dickinson and company, sparks, md.), two new rapid immunoassays for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), as well as the bd directigen rsv assay (drsv) (becton dickinson and company) and direct immunofluorescence staining (dfa) were compared with culture for detection of rsv in fresh specimens from both children and adults during the 2002-2003 respiratory virus season. the majority (95%) of specim ... | 2004 | 15243050 |
| characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus-related apnoea in three infants. | apnoea is a common sign in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in young infants and can be the first presentation of an acquired rsv infection. we describe polysomnographic recordings of three infants revealing prolonged rsv-related apnoea before rsv infection was diagnosed. the apnoeas were of central origin. the caregivers had not noted any apparent life-threatening events (alte) prior to the polysomnography. cardiorespiratory monitoring after the acute infection did not reveal any fu ... | 2004 | 15244239 |
| respiratory syncytial virus causes increased bronchial epithelial permeability. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced diseases are mediated through active cytokines released during infection. we hypothesized that rsv infection causes bronchial epithelial monolayer permeability in vitro via induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf). | 2004 | 15249461 |