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efficient amplification with nasba of hepatitis b virus, herpes simplex virus and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus dna.a new mechanism is described for dna amplification using nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) including a restriction enzyme digestion and p1 primer binding directly upstream of the digestion. for hepatitis b virus (hbv), herpes simplex virus (hsv) and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) dna, which all show very poor amplification with normal nasba, assay sensitivity was improved by a factor 100-1000 when restriction enzyme digestion was performed prior to amplificati ...200818514336
herpes simplex virus type 2 trends in relation to the hiv epidemic in northern malawi.it is unclear whether the high prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) found in much of africa predates the hiv epidemic or is, to some extent, a consequence of it. hsv-2 prevalence trends in a rural african community were assessed over a period in which hiv prevalence rose sharply, and antenatal clinic (anc) surveillance was explored as a method of estimating community hsv-2 prevalence.200818524842
herpes simplex virus type 2 displays atypical melting-temperature profiles at low viral titers.real-time pcr is a powerful tool for the detection and typing of herpes simplex virus (hsv). hsv types 1 and 2 can be distinguished by using the differences in the melting temperatures (t(m)s) of the hybridization probes. the efficacy of t(m) profiling with low dna concentrations was evaluated in this study.200818524967
maternal herpes simplex virus type 2 coinfection increases the risk of perinatal hiv transmission: possibility to further decrease transmission?to evaluate the association between maternal herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositivity and genital herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding with perinatal hiv transmission.200818525263
prevalence of hsv-2 antibody in a melbourne antenatal population attending a tertiary obstetric hospital.to determine the herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2) seroprevalence rate in a melbourne antenatal cohort.200818532957
no evidence of sexual transmission of kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus in a heterosexual south african population.the transmission of kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (kshv) in men who have sex with men is clearly associated with sexual risk factors, but evidence of heterosexual transmission of kshv is conflicting.200818301065
zosteriform herpes simplex.herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection, though most commonly seen in the oral, perioral and genital areas, can occur anywhere on the body. after primary infection, hsv then establishes latency in sensory nerve ganglia and reactivates intermittently, precipitated by various factors. these reactivations may be recurrent and appear in a dermatomal distribution, mimicking herpes zoster, often leading to misdiagnosis if no confirmatory laboratory tests are carried out. we report a 65-year-old man who p ...200818301829
no association between maternal recurrent genital herpes in pregnancy and higher risk for congenital abnormalities.to study the possible links between recurrent symptomatic genital herpes during pregnancy and risk for congenital abnormalities (cas).200818307068
prevalence of human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in korean commercial sex workers.in order to investigate the prevalence of sexually transmitted viruses such as human papillomavirus (hpv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) in korean commercial sex workers (csws), we selected 188 csws (age range 20-44 years, median age 24 years) who regularly visited one public health center in seoul, korea. hpv genotypes were analyzed by using a hpv dna chip, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect type-specific igg against hsv2 antibody identifying seropositivity for ...200818309283
herpes simplex virus co-infection-induced chlamydia trachomatis persistence is not mediated by any known persistence inducer or anti-chlamydial pathway.several inducers of chlamydial persistence have been described, including interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) exposure, and iron, amino acid or glucose deprivation. a tissue-culture model of chlamydia trachomatis/herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) co-infection indicates that viral co-infection stimulates the formation of persistent chlamydiae. this study was designed to ascertain whether co-infection-induced persistence is mediated by ...200818310043
deletion of the marek's disease virus ul41 gene (vhs) has no measurable effect on latency or pathogenesis.marek's disease is an economically important disease of poultry and is caused by an alphaherpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv). the predicted protein product of the mdv ul41 open reading frame has significant protein sequence identity with the virion host shutoff (vhs) protein gene in other alphaherpesviruses. to determine whether the mdv ul41 gene functions as a vhs protein, we utilized a transient co-transfection assay and demonstrated that the mdv ul41 protein was as active in degrading rn ...200818311518
hiv transmission risk behavior among hiv-infected adults in uganda: results of a nationally representative survey.evaluate factors associated with hiv transmission risk behavior among hiv-infected adults in uganda.200818317003
[acute retinal necrosis--today, past and future]. 200818318270
[clinical features of acute retinal necrosis at hokkaido university hospital].to study clinical features of acute retinal necrosis (arn) at hokkaido university hospital.200818318274
phenoxazine derivatives inactivate human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus-1, and herpes simplex virus-2 in vitro.we examined whether phenoxazine derivatives, 2-amino-4,4alpha-dihydro-4alpha-7-dimethyl-3h-phenoxazine-3-one (phx-1), 3-amino-1,4alpha-dihydro-4alpha-8-dimethyl-2h-phenoxazine-2-one (phx-2), and 2-amino-phenoxazine-3-one (phx-3) may have antiviral activity against herpes family viruses: human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). the antiviral activity was evaluated by the selectivity index (si), which is the ratio of 50% cytotoxic ...200818319567
improved performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and the effect of human immunodeficiency virus coinfection on the serologic detection of herpes simplex virus type 2 in rakai, uganda.ugandan subjects (820) were tested by focus herpeselect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), kalon herpes simplex virus type 2 elisa, and biokit rapid test, and the results were compared to those of western blotting. higher-than-standard-index cutoff values gave optimal sensitivity and specificity. kalon elisa was the optimal assay when an index value of 1.5 was used (sensitivity, 91.7%; specificity, 92.4%).200818321879
evaluation of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of herpes simplex virus in swab specimens.an in-house herpes simplex virus (hsv) real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) hydrolysis probe assay and three commercial real-time hsv assays were evaluated for the detection of hsv from genital, oral, ocular and dermal clinical samples. five hundred and sixty samples from patients displaying signs and symptoms of hsv infection were used to evaluate the in-house hsv assay. a representative 151 samples were processed using the artus hsv-1/2 tm pcr kit, smartcycler non-typing and smartcycler t ...200818322714
the in vitro anti-herpes simplex virus type-1 and type-2 activity of long dan xie gan tan, a prescription of traditional chinese medicine.long dan xie gan tan (ldxgt), a decoction of radix gentianae for purging the pathogenic inflammation of the liver, is a widely used prescription among many in traditional chinese medicine. the prescription is primarily used to treat the disorders induced by damp-heat in the liver and the gall bladder.200818332627
effect of herpes simplex suppression on incidence of hiv among women in tanzania.infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is associated with an increased risk of acquiring infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). this study tested the hypothesis that hsv-2 suppressive therapy reduces the risk of hiv acquisition.200818337596
acyclovir does not reduce risk of hiv infection. 200818338945
6-azathymidine-4'-thionucleosides: synthesis and antiviral evaluation.the synthesis of dideoxy-6-azathymidine 4'-thionucleoside 1-(2,3-dideoxy-4-thio-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-(6-azathymidine) (2), and the l-nucleoside, 1-(4-thio-beta-l-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-(6-azathymidine) (3) and their evaluation against a wide panel of antiviral assays are described. the l-thionucleoside (3) was devoid of antiviral activity. the dideoxy-thionucleoside (2) was moderately active against vaccinia virus (vv) and the herpes simplex virus strains hsv-1 (strain kos) and hsv-2 ...200818341254
phase i dose-escalation study of a monovalent heat shock protein 70-herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) peptide-based vaccine designed to prime or boost cd8 t-cell responses in hsv-naïve and hsv-2-infected subjects.this was a phase i study to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of escalating doses of ag-702, a noncovalent complex of an hla a*0201-restricted epitope in the glycoprotein b protein of herpes simplex virus type 2 (gb2) and truncated human constitutive heat shock protein 70. similar vaccines have been immunogenic in animals. three injections of 10 to 250 mug were administered intradermally to hla a*0201-bearing subjects who were either herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-infected ...200818353920
herpes simplex virus type 2 ul56 interacts with the ubiquitin ligase nedd4 and increases its ubiquitination.the herpes simplex virus ul56 gene is conserved among most members of the alphaherpesvirinae family and plays a critical role in viral pathogenicity in vivo. the hsv-2 ul56 protein (ul56) is a c-terminally anchored type ii membrane protein that is predicted to be inserted into the virion envelope, leaving its n-terminal domain in the tegument. ul56 interacts with kif1a and ul11. here we report that ul56 also interacts with the ubiquitin ligase nedd4 and increases its ubiquitination. nedd4 was id ...200818353951
hiv and stis in clients and female sex workers in mining regions of gejiu city, china.to investigate hiv/sexually transmitted infections (stis) among female sex workers (fsws) and clients in a mining region of china.200818354344
influence of sexual activity on cytomegalovirus seroprevalence in the united states, 1988-1994.sexual and nonsexual transmission of cytomegalovirus (cmv) occurs, but the frequency of sexual transmission in the general population of the united states is unknown.200818354346
[zao "ekolab" enzyme immunoassay systems for the diagnosis of herpes simplex].the laboratory diagnosis of herpes has recently ranked among the most topical problems of modern public health care since the role of the above infection, as other torch-group infections, is constantly increasing in the development of maternal and infant diseases. for the laboratory diagnosis of herpes, zao "ekolab" has proposed the enzyme immunoassay systems "eia-hsv-1-igg", "eia-hsv-2-igg", and "eia-hsv-1,2-igm" that allow for making type-specific diagnosis of herpes and for determining the ch ...200818354919
aqueous extracts from peppermint, sage and lemon balm leaves display potent anti-hiv-1 activity by increasing the virion density.aqueous extracts from leaves of well known species of the lamiaceae family were examined for their potency to inhibit infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1).200818355409
hiv-neutralizing immunoglobulin a and hiv-specific proliferation are independently associated with reduced hiv acquisition in kenyan sex workers.hiv-neutralizing immunoglobulin a (iga) and hiv-specific cellular immunity have been described in highly exposed, persistently seronegative (heps) individuals, but well controlled studies have not been performed. we performed a prospective, nested case-control study to examine the association of genital iga and systemic cellular immune responses with subsequent hiv acquisition in high-risk kenyan female sex workers (fsws).200818356602
from affected to infected? orphanhood and hiv risk among female adolescents in urban zimbabwe.despite the 15 million children orphaned by aids, and fears of sexual vulnerability, little is known about the link between orphanhood and hiv risk.200818356606
genital ulcers and concomitant complaints in men attending a sexually transmitted infections clinic: implications for sexually transmitted infections management.although genital herpes has emerged as the most common cause of genital ulcers in southern africa, treatment for herpes is not available routinely in the region. this study was performed to determine the etiology of genital ulcers in men in durban and assess other sexually transmitted infections-related symptoms, presentation, and treatment patterns in this group.200818356769
evaluation of mixed infection cases with both herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is isolated principally from the upper half of the body innervated by the trigeminal ganglia whereas herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is generally isolated from the lower half of the body innervated by the sacral ganglia. however, recent reports suggest that hsv-1 and hsv-2 can each infect both the upper and lower half of the body causing a variety of symptoms and there is a possibility that hsv-1 and hsv-2 infections can occur simultaneously with both caus ...200818360901
one-day regimen of valacyclovir for treatment of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus 2 infection.to evaluate the efficacy of a 1-day course of valacyclovir in reducing the duration and severity of genital herpes recurrences and to measure the frequency of viral shedding episodes subsequent to antiviral therapy.200818362859
triptans: actions and reactions.subcutaneous sumatriptan is superior to placebo in achieving headache relief. some commonly reported adverse events are paresthesias, tingling, and transient worsening of headache. why do patients develop these symptoms? our unique case may shed light on its actions.200818377383
detection of herpesvirus dna in cerebrospinal fluid and correlation with clinical symptoms.novel pcr techniques can detect minute quantities of herpesvirus dna in cerebrospinal fluid (csf). the clinical significance of such findings is not always clear.200818379728
the burden of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections among men in carletonville, south africa: implications for syndromic management.to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (sti) and hiv among men attending an outreach sti/hiv screening service in informal settlements in south africa over a 3-month period.200818385225
modelling the cost per ulcer treated of incorporating episodic treatment for hsv-2 into the syndromic algorithm for genital ulcer disease.the proportion of genital ulcer disease (gud) due to herpes simplex virus type-2 (hsv-2) has increased in sub-saharan africa. the most recent 2003 who syndromic gud algorithm includes antiviral treatment for hsv-2 for anyone with "typical" symptoms/signs, and suggests that all gud patients receive treatment for hsv-2 in settings where hsv-2 gud aetiology is greater than 30%. the previous algorithm (1994) only targeted haemophilus ducreyi (hd) and treponema pallidum (tp).200818385226
performance of herpeselect and kalon assays in detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2.the performances of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) in detecting herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) antibodies have been inconsistent for african and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive populations. we compared the performances of the herpeselect and kalon glycoprotein g2 elisas for patients with genital ulcer disease in ghana and the central african republic. sera from 434 women were tested with the herpeselect assay, and a subsample (n = 199) was tested by the k ...200818385443
anti-herpesvirus activities of pseudomonas sp. s-17 rhamnolipid and its complex with alginate.the rhamnolipid biosurfactant ps-17 and its complex with the polysaccharide alginate, both produced by the pseudomonas sp. s-17 strain, were studied for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2. they significantly inhibited the herpesvirus cytopathic effect (cpe) in the madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cell line. the investigations were carried out according to the cpe inhibition assay protocol. the suppressive effect of the compounds on hsv replication was dose- ...200818386492
geographic prevalence and multilevel determination of community-level factors associated with herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in chennai, india.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections, and it increases the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at least twofold. individual-level factors are insufficient to explain geographic and population variation in hsv-2, suggesting the need to identify ecologic factors. the authors sought to determine the geographic prevalence and community-level factors associated with hsv-2 after controlling for individual-level factors ...200818388348
herpes simplex type 1 versus herpes simplex type 2 in anogenital herpes; a 10 year study from the waikato region of new zealand.to determine the proportion of herpes simplex type 1 vs herpes simplex type 2, as a cause of anogenital herpes in the waikato region. we specifically looked for changes in the proportions over time, and for gender or age group associations.200818392061
viral reactivation is not related to septic complications after major surgical resections.anastomotic leakage and septic complications are the most important determinants of postoperative outcome after major surgical resections. malignant diseases and surgical trauma can influence immune responses and the ability to react against infectious factors, such as bacteria and viruses. comparable immune suppression can cause viral reactivation in transplantation and trauma patients. in this prospective study, patients who underwent major surgical resections for oesophageal or pancreatic can ...200818397464
low seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 among pregnant women in senegal.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) is considered as a major co-factor of both sexual transmission and acquisition of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the hiv epidemic in senegal is characterized by a remarkable and stable low prevalence. whether hsv-2 may also constitute a possible co-factor favouring the spreading of hiv epidemic in senegal is yet unknown. this prompted us to evaluate the hsv-2 seroprevalence in the sentinel population of pregnant women in senegal. two hundred and sixty ...200818397553
microarray analysis of transcriptional responses to infection by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and their us3-deficient mutants.herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2) induce similar responses in infected cells and animals but differ in several significant respects. previous studies have shown that defects in the us3-encoded protein kinase greatly affect both viruses in their interactions with cells and hosts. to investigate the impact of infection with hsv-1, hsv-2 and their us3-deficient mutants (deltaus3) on cellular transcriptional responses, we performed a global microarray analysis on human epithelial he ...200818403238
challenges to hiv prevention--seeking effective measures in the absence of a vaccine. 200818403764
use of multiplex pcr and real-time pcr to detect human herpes virus genome in ocular fluids of patients with uveitis.to measure the genomic dna of human herpes viruses (hhv) in the ocular fluids and to analyse the clinical relevance of hhv in uveitis.200818408082
regression of herpes viral infection symptoms using melatonin and sb-73: comparison with acyclovir.infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) typically causes lesions of the mouth, face, skin, esophagus, or brain. herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) usually causes infections of the genitals, rectum, skin, hands, or meninges. the herpes viruses are a major cause of blindness from keratitis. the usual drugs used for herpes are vidarabine, acyclovir, penciclovir and ganciclovir; they are associated with several complications. the aim of this study was to investigate if a formulation cont ...200818410585
replication-defective virus vaccine-induced protection of mice from genital herpes simplex virus 2 requires cd4 t cells.replication-defective herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2), used as an immunization strategy, protects against hsv-2 challenge in animal models. the roles of replication-defective virus-induced t cell subsets in control of hsv-2 infection have not been established. mice lacking b cells (micromt) were immunized, depleted of cd4 or cd8 t cells, and then challenged intravaginally with hsv-2 to elucidate t cell subset contributions in the absence of virus-specific antibody. immunized, cd4-depleted micromt ...200818410949
widespread unilateral pain associated with herpes simplex virus infections.we describe a patient group with unexplained widespread pain on one side of the body and pain exacerbations during active labial or genital herpes and during herpetic central nervous system infections. the patients had no visible lesion of the central nervous system on magnetic resonance imaging or abnormality in electrophysiological studies. to understand the nature of the pain and its possible relation to herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections, a clinical neurological examination was performed ...200818417422
hiv, the clustering of sexually transmitted infections, and sex risk among african american women who use drugs.african american women have high rates of most sexually transmitted infections (stis), including hiv. stis have been associated with increased hiv transmission risk.200818418289
seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 and characteristics associated with undiagnosed infection: new york city, 2004.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection is associated with substantial morbidity and increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus acquisition. we describe hsv-2 seroprevalence in adult new yorkers, and examine the relationship between select characteristics, infection, and diagnosis.200818418295
[applying the dna diagnostics in patients with superficial keratitis of viral origin].the authors evaluate the significance of the dna diagnostics in patients with superficial keratitis of viral origin and their capability to be used for monitoring of the treatment effectiveness in the follow-up. the presence of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus (hsv 1, hsv 2, vzv), and adenoviruses was assessed by means of the dna analysis.200818419101
a systematic review of the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in neonates exposed to herpes simplex virus (hsv).to develop evidence-based guidelines for appropriate audiological monitoring of children born following exposure to or infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv) for development of immediate or delayed-onset of sensorineural hearing loss (snhl).200818420284
herpesvirus prevalence and viral load in healthy blood donors by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.after primary infection, human herpesviruses (hhvs) maintain long-term latent persistence, often punctuated years later by sporadic episodes of symptomatic lytic activation. also, blood-borne herpesvirus from healthy persistently infected blood donors can lead to active primary infection of immunocompromised transfusion recipients.200818422852
dna microarray technology for simultaneous detection and species identification of seven human herpes viruses.the aim of the study was to develop a multiplex pcr-based dna microarray technology for simultaneous detection and species identification of seven human herpes viruses, namely herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and human herpes virus 6 (hhv-6a, hhv-6b), and to apply this technology to accurate diagnosis of herpesvirus-associated diseases. primers and oligonucleotide probes were designed and synthesize ...200818428126
[herpes serology for genital herpes].the epidemiology of genital herpes is changing. the seroprevalence of hsv-2 infections is increasing, while hsv-1 is an increasingly common cause of herpetic ulcerations. the reference examination provides direct diagnosis after viral isolation in a cell culture or genome amplification. herpes serology is indicated principally if direct examination is negative and in the absence of lesions. non-type-specific serology detects antibodies common to hsv-1 and hsv-2. its specificity and sensitivity a ...200818436423
coordination of early protective immunity to viral infection by regulatory t cells.suppression of immune responses by regulatory t cells (tregs) is thought to limit late stages of pathogen-specific immunity as a means of minimizing associated tissue damage. we examined a role for tregs during mucosal herpes simplex virus infection in mice, and observed an accelerated fatal infection with increased viral loads in the mucosa and central nervous system after ablation of tregs. although augmented interferon production was detected in the draining lymph nodes (dlns) in treg-deprive ...200818436744
multi-antigenic dna immunization using herpes simplex virus type 2 genomic fragments.a novel dna vaccine was generated using genomic fragments of a pathogen as the source of both the antigen coding and regulatory regions. the constructs, termed subgenomic vaccines (sgvs), incorporated genomic dna sequences up to 45 kbp that encompass 15-20 different genes. the sgvs were developed to generate vaccines capable of expressing multiple genes from a single construct, which could be of great benefit for commercialization. the unique feature of the sgvs is that genes are expressed from ...200818438102
challenges in designing a taqman-based multiplex assay for the simultaneous detection of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus.to optimise molecular detection of herpesviruses an internally controlled multiplex taqman-pcr for the detection of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1), herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv2) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was developed. the selection of the dye combination working on the abi 7700 cycler for this multiplex pcr revealed crosstalk phenomena between several combinations of reference dyes and reporter dyes. a final dye combination with cy5 as reference dye and fam/joe/txr as reporter dyes was se ...200818439871
bilateral macular scars following intrauterine herpes simplex virus type 2 infection.neonatal herpetic infection is uncommon, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 3000 to 20,000 births. ocular involvement most commonly consists of blepharoconjunctivitis or keratitis. we present a further manifestation of congenital herpes simplex virus (hsv) 2 infection.200818440255
highlights of the 15th conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections. hiv testing and prevention strategies.a number of presentations at the 15th conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections focused on approaches to identify hiv-infected persons for early referral to treatment and prevention. this year's conference also highlighted the challenges we face in developing effective biomedical preventions, with reports on the failure of a candidate hiv vaccine and chronic herpes simplex virus type 2 suppression to prevent hiv acquisition, and the failure of male circumcision for hiv-seropositive ...200818441378
recombinant listeria monocytogenes expressing an immunodominant peptide fails to protect after intravaginal challenge with herpes simplex virus-2.recombinant listeria monocytogenes expressing a type-common herpes simplex virus (hsv) gb-peptide was shown previously to protect against footpad inoculation with hsv-1. we tested this construct for protection against vaginal challenge with hsv-2. primed mice demonstrated strong recall responses, had modest reductions in hsv-2 dna in vaginal mucosa, but were not protected from disease.200818443737
coinfection with herpes simplex virus type 2 is associated with reduced hiv-specific t cell responses and systemic immune activation.chronic coinfection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has been associated with an increased hiv viral load and more rapid disease progression, perhaps related to hsv-2-associated alterations in host immunity.200818444797
prevalence and correlates of bacterial vaginosis among young women of reproductive age in mysore, india.bacterial vaginosis (bv) is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge among women of childbearing age and is associated with sti/hiv and adverse birth outcomes. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of bv among young women of reproductive age in mysore, india.200818445948
evaluation of anti-hsv-2 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate.the synthetic n-alkyl esters of gallic acid, also known as gallates, are widely employed as antioxidants by food and pharmaceutical industries. besides the antioxidant activity, other biological activities have been described for this group of molecules, mainly anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal properties. in the present study, the anti-herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate was evaluated followed by the determination of the site of antiviral activity of t ...200818451516
[structure and antiviral activity of an acidic polysaccharide from an edible blue-green alga, nostoc flagelliforme].recently, the development of antiviral agents with novel mechanisms of action has been required since many types of infectious disease have become a serious problem in our society. in the present study, we isolated a novel acidic polysaccharide, nostoflan (nsf), from a terrestrial blue-green alga, nostoc flagelliforme, and examined its structure and antiviral activity. the sugar composition and methylation analyses of nsf revealed that it is mainly composed of (-->4)- d-glcp-(1-->, -->6,4)-d-glc ...200818451619
breaking the cycle of infection: torch and other infections in women's health. 200818455090
understanding herpes simplex virus: transmission, diagnosis, and considerations in pregnancy management.genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infections are frequently asymptomatic or undiagnosed, but more than half the us population is seropositive for hsv, and about one-fifth are positive for hsv-2. these two factors contribute to the risk for sexual transmission and therefore to the risk of late-pregnancy acquisition of hsv. most neonatal herpes infections are the result of undiagnosed, new-onset hsv infection in the mother. this article reviews the epidemiology of hsv, risks of transmission, and ...200818455094
inhibition of hsv cell-to-cell spread by lactoferrin and lactoferricin.the milk protein lactoferrin (lf) has multiple functions, including immune stimulation and antiviral activity towards herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2); antiviral activity has also been reported for the n-terminal pepsin-derived fragment lactoferricin (lfcin). the anti-hsv mode of action of lf and lfcin is assumed to involve, in part, their interaction with the cell surface glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate, thereby blocking of viral entry. in this study we investigated the ability ...200818456345
risk factors for incident herpes simplex type 2 virus infection among women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic.to estimate the incidence of herpes simplex type 2 virus (hsv-2) infection, to identify risk factors for its acquisition, and to assess the protective effect of condoms.200818461012
an international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, study of valacyclovir for the suppression of herpes simplex virus type 2 genital herpes in newly diagnosed patients.antiviral suppressive therapy of genital herpes is often initiated based on the established pattern of recurrences in an individual. because most persons with first episode herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection experience recurrences and because viral shedding occurs frequently in the first year after infection, we examined the strategy of initiating suppressive therapy shortly after diagnosis of genital hsv-2 infection.200818461016
oral mucosal reactivation rates of herpesviruses among hiv-1 seropositive persons.herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus infections are prevalent among hiv-1 infected persons. the relationships between salivary shedding of these herpesviruses have not been characterized. salivary samples were collected on a median of 61 consecutive days from 41 hiv-1 seropositive persons and tested for hsv-1, hsv-2, cmv and ebv. hsv was detected on 5%, cmv on 19% and ebv on 71% of the days of sampling. hsv shedding was not related to cmv or ebv shedding rates. persons wi ...200818461621
prevalence of, and risk factors for kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection among blood donors in brazil: a multi-center serosurvey.kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is endemic in the amazon and rare in southern regions of brazil. however, geographical distribution and epidemiological correlates of infection in this large country are still poorly defined. to estimate the seroprevalence of, and risk factors for, kshv infection in brazil, a multi-center study was conducted among 3,493 first-time voluntary unpaid blood donors from salvador, sao paulo and manaus. antibodies against kshv were detected using a whole-v ...200818461622
[removal of intrauterine device possible cause of herpes simplex infection. liver affection and thrombocytopenia in an immunocompetent woman]. 200818461856
uracil-dna glycosylase (ung) influences the melting temperature (t(m)) of herpes simplex virus (hsv) hybridization probes.prior to pcr amplification, uracil-dna glycosylase (ung) can be incorporated to prevent amplicon contamination. melting temperature (t(m)) analysis of herpes simplex virus (hsv) hybridization probes was used to demonstrate a concentration-dependent decrease in t(m) values when heat stabile or heat labile ung was added.200818468698
core group approach to identify college students at risk for sexually transmitted infections.to analyze the core group for sexually transmitted infections (sti) among college students.200818470365
neurological complications of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection.herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) infection is responsible for significant neurological morbidity, perhaps more than any other virus. seroprevalence studies suggest that as many as 45 million people in the united states have been infected with hsv-2, and the estimated incidence of new infection is 1 million annually. substantial numbers of these persons will manifest neurological symptoms that are generally, although not always, mild and self-limited. despite a 50% genetic homology between hsv ...200818474734
fetal exposure to herpesviruses may be associated with pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders and preterm birth in a caucasian population.to investigate the role of fetal viral infection in the development of a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes (apos), including pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders (pihd), antepartum haemorrhage (aph), birthweight <10th percentile (small for gestational age, sga) and preterm birth (ptb).200818271886
factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of trichomonas vaginalis infection among african american women in new york city who use drugs.trichomoniasis vaginalis, the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection, is associated with negative reproductive outcomes and increased hiv transmission and may be overrepresented among african americans.200818275272
trichomonas vaginalis infection and human immunodeficiency virus acquisition in african women.trichomoniasis vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infection (sti) worldwide, with a particularly high prevalence in regions of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) endemicity. however, its impact as a cofactor for hiv acquisition is poorly understood.200818275275
rectal immunization generates protective immunity in the female genital tract against herpes simplex virus type 2 infection: relative importance of myeloid differentiation factor 88.the present study was undertaken to examine the potential of rectal route of immunization for induction of protective immunity in the female genital tract against genital herpes infection in mice. a single rectal immunization of female c57bl/6 mice with live attenuated herpes simplex virus type 2 lacking thymidine kinase (hsv-2 tk-) was shown to confer hsv-specific cellular and humoral immune responses as well as protection against an otherwise lethal vaginal challenge with a virulent hsv-2 stra ...200818276020
imaging findings of neonatal herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis.the ct, mr, and diffusion-weighted initial and follow-up imaging findings in neonatal herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) encephalitis were assessed.200818246335
cutting edge: progesterone regulates ifn-alpha production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells.use of the progesterone (pg) birth control depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (dmpa) increases a woman's risk for sexually transmitted infection with hiv or hsv-2 via unknown mechanisms. plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) are circulating and tissue-resident sentinels capable of making large quantities of ifn-alpha upon recognizing viruses through tlrs 7 and 9. in this study, we show that pg inhibits tlr9-induced ifn-alpha production by human and mouse pdcs and that dmpa impairs tlr9- and virus-i ...200818250406
an important role for type iii interferon (ifn-lambda/il-28) in tlr-induced antiviral activity.type iii ifns (ifn-lambda/il-28/29) are cytokines with type i ifn-like antiviral activities, which remain poorly characterized. we herein show that most cell types expressed both types i and iii ifns after tlr stimulation or virus infection, whereas the ability of cells to respond to ifn-lambda was restricted to a narrow subset of cells, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells and epithelial cells. to examine the role of type iii ifn in antiviral defense, we generated il-28ralpha-deficient mice. ...200818250457
results from a hypothesis generating case-control study: herpes family viruses and schizophrenia among military personnel.herpes family viruses can cause central nervous system inflammatory changes that can present with symptoms indistinguishable from schizophrenia and therefore are of interest in schizophrenia research. most existing studies of herpes viruses have used small populations and postdiagnosis specimens. as part of a larger research program, we conducted a hypothesis-generating case-control study of selected herpes virus antibodies among individuals discharged from the us military with schizophrenia and ...200818156638
the effect of daily valacyclovir suppression on herpes simplex virus type 2 viral shedding in hsv-2 seropositive subjects without a history of genital herpes.a substantial number of hsv-2 seropositive individuals lack a history of clinically recognized genital herpes. these individuals can transmit disease during periods of asymptomatic viral shedding. the frequency of asymptomatic shedding and the efficacy of antiviral therapy in reducing shedding has not been assessed in this population.200818157071
disseminated herpes simplex type-2 (hsv-2) infection after solid-organ transplantation.we report on three cases of severe disseminated herpes simplex type-2 (hsv-2) infection that occurred in two orthotopic liver-transplant (olt) and one renal-transplant patients. in two cases, i.e., in the olt patients, this was associated with hsv-2-related acute hepatitis. the rapid onset of iv acyclovir (acv) therapy led to recovery within 8-12 days. although rare, hsv-2-disseminated infection, in the context of organ transplantation may be life-threatening, but can be cured if acv therapy is ...200818165863
maternal infection and risk of preeclampsia: systematic review and metaanalysis.there are lingering questions regarding the association between maternal infection and preeclampsia. systematic review and metaanalysis was conducted of observational studies that examined the relationship between maternal infection and preeclampsia. forty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. the risk of preeclampsia was increased in pregnant women with urinary tract infection (pooled odds ratio, 1.57; 95% ci, 1.45-1.70) and periodontal disease (pooled odds ratio, 1.76; 95% ci, 1.43-2.18). t ...200818166297
treating curable sexually transmitted infections to prevent hiv in africa: still an effective control strategy?evidence regarding the effectiveness of sexually transmitted infection (sti) treatment for hiv prevention in africa is equivocal, leading some policy makers to question whether it should continue to be promoted for hiv control. we explore whether treating curable stis remains a cost-effective hiv control strategy in africa.200818176323
no association between antepartum serologic and genital tract evidence of herpes simplex virus-2 coinfection and perinatal hiv-1 transmission.the purpose of this study was to assess the risk of perinatal hiv-1 transmission in women who are coinfected with herpes simplex virus-2 (hsv-2).200818177832
cxcl9 and cxcl10 expression are critical for control of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection through mobilization of hsv-specific ctl and nk cells to the nervous system.cxcl9 and cxcl10 mediate the recruitment of t lymphocytes and nk cells known to be important in viral surveillance. the relevance of cxcl10 in comparison to cxcl9 in response to genital hsv-2 infection was determined using mice deficient in cxcl9 (cxcl9-/-) and deficient in cxcl10 (cxcl10-/-) along with wild-type (wt) c57bl/6 mice. an increased sensitivity to infection was found in cxcl10-/- mice in comparison to cxcl9-/- or wt mice as determined by detection of hsv-2 in the cns at day 3 postinf ...200818178850
deltarr vaccination protects from ka-induced seizures and neuronal loss through icp10pk-mediated modulation of the neuronal-microglial axis.ischemic brain injury and epilepsy are common neurodegenerative diseases caused by excitotoxicity. their pathogenesis includes microglial production of inflammatory cytokines. our studies were designed to examine whether a growth compromised hsv-2 mutant (delta rr) prevents excitotoxic injury through modulation of microglial responses by the anti-apoptotic hsv-2 protein icp10pk. eoc2 and eoc20 microglial cells, which are differentially activated, were infected with delta rr or the icp10pk delete ...200818179717
herpes simplex: insights on pathogenesis and possible vaccines.abstract herpes simplex viruses are evolutionarily ancient and ubiquitous. in the past 20 years, there has been increasing recognition of a worldwide pandemic of hsv-2 infection. moreover, hsv-2 prevalence has increased despite fairly widespread use of antiviral drugs for hsv. the success of hsv-1 and hsv-2 stems from latency within long-lived neurons and frequent mucocutaneous shedding. the generally mild medical consequences of hsv infection reflect a functional equilibrium between host and mi ...200818186706
[herpes simplex virus meningitis in 11 patients].we reviewed retrospectively the demographic, clinical, biological characteristics and outcomes of 11 patients with hsv meningitis.200818191515
epigallocatechin gallate inactivates clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus.in the absence of a fully effective herpes simplex virus (hsv) vaccine, topical microbicides represent an important strategy for preventing hsv transmission. (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) (molecular weight, 458.4) is the primary catechin in green tea. the present study shows that egcg has greater anti-hsv activity than other green tea catechins and inactivates multiple clinical isolates of hsv type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2. egcg reduced hsv-2 titers by >or=1,000-fold in 10 to 20 min and reduced ...200818195068
herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition during recent hiv infection does not influence plasma hiv levels.we assessed the effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) acquisition on the plasma hiv rna and cd4 cell levels among individuals with primary hiv infection using a retrospective cohort analysis. we studied 119 adult, antiretroviral-naive, recently hiv-infected men with a negative hsv-2-specific enzyme immunoassay (eia) result at enrollment. hsv-2 acquisition was determined by seroconversion on hsv-2 eia, confirmed by western blot analysis. ten men acquired hsv-2 infection a median of 1.3 ye ...200818197122
herpes simplex virus type 1 infection: overview on relevant clinico-pathological features.herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is a nuclear replicating enveloped virus, usually acquired through direct contact with infected lesions or body fluids (typically saliva). the prevalence of hsv-1 infection increases progressively from childhood, the seroprevalence being inversely related to socioeconomic background. primary hsv-1 infections in children are either asymptomatic or following an incubation period of about 1 week gives rise to mucocutaneous vesicular eruptions. herpetic gingivosto ...200818197856
identification of a herpes simplex labialis susceptibility region on human chromosome 21.most of the united states population is infected with either herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), herpes simplex virus type 2, or both. reactivations of hsv-1 infection cause herpes simplex labialis (hsl; cold sores or fever blisters), which is the most common recurring viral infection in humans.200818199027
anti-cehv1 antibodies of two cynomolgus macaques cross-react with hsv2 but not hsv1 antigens in elisa.the aim of the study was to compare the cross-reactivity of macaque anti-cehv1 antibodies with type 1 and type 2 human herpes simplex viruses (hsv1 and hsv2).200818199071
rapid quantitative pcr assays for the simultaneous detection of herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, and human herpesvirus 6 dna in blood and other clinical specimens.rapid diagnosis of human herpesvirus primary infections or reactivations is facilitated by quantitative pcrs. quantitative pcr assays with a standard thermal cycling profile permitting simultaneous detection of herpes simplex virus (hsv), varicella zoster virus (vzv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv6) dna were developed and validated for diagnostic use. high specificity and sensitivity were achieved and the new pcr assays correlated well with commerc ...200818205230
substrate specificity of the herpes simplex virus type 2 ul13 protein kinase.the ul13 protein kinase is conserved among many herpesviruses but hsv-2 ul13 specificity is not known. here, we found that hsv-2 ul13 is a phosphoprotein that autophosphorylates, and that serines within erk and cdc2 motifs were important for autophosphorylation but not for ul13 phosphorylation of exogenous substrates. hsv-2 ul13 phosphorylated a peptide also recognized by erk and cdc2. however, mutation of substrate residues critical for cdc2 or erk phosphorylation did not alter hsv-2 ul13 phosp ...200818207213
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