Publications

alpha-amanitin-resistant viral rna synthesis in nuclei isolated from nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected heliothis zea larvae and spodoptera frugiperda cells.	[(3)h]rna was synthesized in nuclei isolated at various times postinfection from the fat bodies of heliothis zea larvae infected with h. zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus and from cultured spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. to detect virus-specific rna synthesis, the [(3)h]rna was hybridized to denatured viral dna immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. nuclear polyhedrosis virus-specific rna synthesis in the infected nuclei isolated from h. ...	1981	16789208
spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome: physical maps for restriction endonucleases bamhi and hindiii.	the physical map for the genome of spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus was constructed for restriction endonucleases bamhi and hindiii. the ordering of the restriction fragments was accomplished by cross-blot hybridization of bamhi, hindiii, and ecori fragments. the alignment of the hindiii fragments within the bamhi map was achieved by double digestion with the two restriction endonucleases followed by cross-blot hybridization. the results showed that the viral genome consisted of ...	1981	16789209
induction of a nonoccluded baculovirus persistently infecting heliothis zea cells by heliothis armigera and trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis viruses.	a nonoccluded singly enveloped baculovirus (baculovirus x) persistently infects heliothis zea (imc-hz-1) cells in culture. singly enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from h. zea and heliothis armigera, and multiply enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis viruses from trichoplusia ni, spodoptera frugiperda, and spodoptera littoralis were all found to induce baculovirus x. experiments are reported which use metabolic inhibitors and inactivated inducing virus to show that it is probable that a structural ...	1981	18635066
investigation of genetic heterogeneity in wild isolates of spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus by restriction endonuclease analysis of plaque-purified variants.	spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus (sfmnpv was obtained from four different sources and each isolate was cultured in iplb-sf21 cells. viral dna from each isolate was analyzed with ecor1, xho1, and bamh1 restriction endonucleases. all four isolates could be distinguished on the basis of minor differences in ecor1 patterns. submolar dna restriction fragments were seen in all isolates indicating that each isolate consisted of a mixture of different genotypes. to investigate this, two ...	1981	18635067
attempts to obtain oryctes baculovirus replication in three insect cell cultures.	attempts were made to obtain oryctes baculovirus replication in three insect cell cultures. the cell cultures were derived from the dynastine beetle heteronychus arator, the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda, and the mosquito aedes albopictus. the criteria for virus replication were synthesis of virus-specific dna and presence of virus particles within cells. infection occurred in h. arator cells but not in s. frugiperda cells. when a. albopictus cells were inoculated with high concentrations ...	1981	18635075
improved replication of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in roller bottles: characterization of the progeny virus.	a reproducible growth curve was established for the propagation of autographa californica (speyer) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) in a continuous insect line from spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) during large-volume production. a newly developed method for quantitation of polyhedra inclusion bodies (pib) by electron microscopy (em) during the growth cycle was compared to hemocytometer counts. the virus particles (vp) ratio to pfu and vp per pib were established by em methods. optimal yie ...	1981	7028679
chemically-defined media for production of insect cells and viruses in vitro.	two chemically-defined media are described. they support the growth of a) an established cell line of spodoptera frugiperda cells and b) two established mosquito cell lines from aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae. the replication of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) in s. frugiperda cells grown in a defined medium is reported.	1980	6102531
on the origin of the polyhedral protein of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. isolation, characterization, and translation of viral messenger rna.	virus-specific messenger rna was isolated 24 hr postinfection from spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) by means of hybridization with viral dna that was coupled to cellulose. viral mrna was analyzed on isokinetic sucrose gradients and on polyacrylamide gels containing 98% formamide. viral mrna was also translated in an in vitro protein-synthesizing system derived from wheat germ. one product comigrated with purified acnpv polyhedral ...	1980	18631636
autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus-induced proteins in tissue culture.	the multiplication of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was studied in trichoplusia ni and spodoptera frugiperda insect cell lines. using pulse labeling, 18 viral-induced proteins were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. based on infectivity curves and protein synthesis studies, replication could be divided into four phases. during the early phase of infection, four viral-induced proteins with molecular weights of 45, 35, 34, and 31 thousand daltons could be detecte ...	1980	18631644
radioimmunoassay analysis of baculovirus granulins and polyhedrins.	granulin and polyhedrin proteins were purified by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from the baculoviruses autographa californica, rachiplusia ou, heliothis zea, heliothis armigera, trichoplusia ni, and spodoptera frugiperda. antisera were raised against autographa californica (ac) polyhedrin and trichoplusia ni (tn) granulin and analyzed for homologous and heterologous immunoreactivity by immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay (ria). ac polyhedrin and tn ...	1980	18631650
characterization of an extremely basic protein derived from granulosis virus nucleocapsids.	nucleocapsids were isolated from purified enveloped nucleocapsids of plodia interpunctella granulosis virus by treatment with nonidet p-40. when analyzed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, the nucleocapsids consisted of eight polypeptides. one of these, a major component with a molecular weight of 12,500 (vp12), was selectively extracted from the nucleocapsids with 0.25 m sulfuric acid. its electrophoretic mobility on acetic acid-urea gels was intermediate to that of cellular histone ...	1980	16789190
infectious dna from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	cells from the lepidopteran spodoptera frugiperda can be successfully transfected in culture with the dna from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). the calcium chloride precipitation procedure has been used in conjunction with dimethyl sulfoxide treatment of the transfected cells. the highest specific infectivity observed was 6.1 x 10(4) pfu/mug of acnpv dna. as judged from a comparison of the restriction patterns of viral dna preparations, the virus produced in transfectio ...	1980	16945844
infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus i. synthesis of intracellular proteins after virus infection.	the replication of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) in spodoptera frugiperda cells in culture has been studied with different methods. the first virus-induced polypeptides (with molecular weights of 46k, 30k, 29k) in infected cells appeared at 3 hr postinfection. viral dna synthesis started at about 5 hr postinfection. by electron microscopy, intranuclear nucleocapsids were detected at 10 hr postinfection and at about the same time, the titer of intracellular infectious ...	1979	16945842
infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus ii. the viral dna and the kinetics of its replication.	the kinetics of replication of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) dna in spodoptera frugiperda cells in culture were studied. viral dna replication started at about 5 hr postinfection, the rate of viral dna replication reached a maximum at about 18 hr postinfection and thereafter decreased. parental viral dna could be detected within the first hour postinfection in the total intracellular dna by the southern technique. there was no evidence for the occurrence of acnpv dna ...	1979	16945843
genetic analysis of a baculovirus, autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus i. isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants and assortment into complementation groups.	temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were isolated from the baculovirus autographa californica (alfalfa looper) mnpv, grown in spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) cells in the presence of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine. of 567 plaque isolates screened, 27 were temperature sensitive (ts), representing a mutation frequency of 4.8%. ten ts mutants were studied in detail: six failed to yield nonoccluded virus at 33 degrees c (nov mutants), whereas the other four produced nonoccluded virus but ...	1979	16789180
plaque assay of baculoviruses employing an agarose-nutrient overlay.	four baculoviruses produced visible plaques in the spodoptera frugiperda cell line when cell monolayers were infected and overlayed with a simplified, agarose-nutrient formulation. macroscopic plaques were first detected 4 days postinoculation, and by 10 days plaques ranging from 0.5 to 3 mm in diameter were seen. dose-response experiments indicated that a single particle initiated the formation of a plaque, because a linear response was demonstrated with increased dosage.	1979	429141
the replication and titration of iridescent virus type 22 in spodoptera frugiperda cells.	a plaque assay for iridescent virus type 22 (from simulium sp.) using spodoptera frugiperda cells has been devised, and the kinetics of growth of the virus in this cell line have been determined. the virus particle/p.f.u. ratio was 75 +/- 8, and the p.f.u./tcid50 ratio was 0.56 +/- 0.11.	1978	621497
replication of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a continuous cell line of spodoptera frugiperda: partial characterization of the viral dna, comparative dna-dna hybridization, and patterns of dna synthesis.		1978	351928
plaque assay of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses in cell culture.	the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of autographa californica has been titrated in spodoptera frugiperda cells by the plaque method, using a solid overlay which does not require either the use of modified culture medium or expensive purified agarose or the addition of culture medium as a liquid layer above the solid agarose. this assay is more sensitive than that using a viscous methyl cellulose overlay but less sensitive than the end-point dilution technique. neither trichoplusia ni nor bombyx mori ...	1978	16345306
aggressive chemical mimicry by a bolas spider.	mature female mastophora sp. spiders attract prey with a volatile substance which apparently mimics the female sex attractant pheromone of the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera). the rate of prey capture is similar to that of a conventional orb weaver of comparable body size.	1977	17818935
the establishment of two cell lines from the insect spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera; noctuidae).	the history and characteristics of two cells lines developed from primary explants of pupal tissue from the insect, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith), are described. one cell line, iplb-sf 21, was developed with hemolymph-supplemented medium and has been maintained continuously on the medium. the second cell line, iplb-sf-1254, was developed with a medium containing a combination of vertebrate sera plus hemolymph and was adapted to hemolyphn-free medium at the 6th passage. the iplb-sf-21 cell l ...	1977	68913
the effects of inhibitors of nucleic acid and protein synthesis on the replication of spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus in cultured spodoptera frugiperda cells.	the effects of inhibitors of nucleic acid and protein synthesis on the replication of spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus have been determined. two inhibitors of protein synthesis-cycloheximide and puromycin-were irreversible inhibitors of virus multiplication. three inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis-actinomycin d, cytosine arabinoside and camptothecin- prevented virus multiplication; only camptothecin was reversible. rifampicin had no effect on virus multiplication.	1976	799627
"oryctes" virus replication: electron microscopic observations on infected moth and mosquito cells.	"oryctes" virus replicates efficiently in continuous moth (spodoptera frugiperda) and mosquito (aedes albopictus) cell cultures. progeny virus was detected by bioassay and electron microscopy 15 hr after infection in both cell cultures. s. frugiperda cells permitted replication morphologically similar to that observed in vivo occurring in the cell nucleus. a. albopictus cells permitted replication of the virus solely in the cytoplasm.	1976	18621357
replication of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a continuous cell culture of spodoptera frugiperda: microscopy study of the sequence of events of the virus infection.	a microscopy study of the sequence of morphogenic events of spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection of s. frugiperda cells is presented which orders the sequence of replication and establishes the time scale within which the events occur. the virus entered the cell by 1 h postinfection and was uncoated. the eclipse period was 9 h and the latent period was 12 h. polyhedron formation was detected by 18 h postinfection and continued until the deposition of the polyhedron membrane ...	1975	1107597
insect cell culture: improved media and methods for initiating attached cell lines from the lepidoptera.	several cell lines from the pupae of the noctuid moth species spodoptera frugiperda, heliothis zea, and trichoplusia ni were isolated on a synthetic medium containing insect hemolymph and turkey serum. these lines were progressively adapted to improved media free of insect hemolymph but containing one or more of the following sera: turkey, chicken, and fetal calf. primary culture tissue disruption was improved by substituting collagenase for trypsin. primary culture survival was improved by cont ...	1975	172433
characteristics of the non-occluded form of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	non-occluded virions of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the alfalfa looper, autographa californica, found in the medium of cell cultures of infected fall armyworm, spodopter frugiperda, and in the hemolymph of infected s. frugiperda larvae were partially characterized by biological, chemical and physical methods. also, the rate of appearance of the virions was studied in cell culture and the host insect to determine maximum virion production. virions obtained from both sources were heat-sensitiv ...	1975	343
some genetic aspects of the resistance of spodoptera frugiperda to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1974	4597766
replication of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in a continuous cell culture of spodoptera frugiperda: purification, assay of infectivity, and growth characteristics of the virus.	nonoccluded virus, polyhedra, and occluded virus were purified from a continuous cell culture of spodopera frugiperda infected with nuclear polyhedrosis virus. the optimal temperature for the replication and lateral transmission of infectivity for the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (npv) in cell culture was 27 c. end-point dilution and plaque assay procedures for the measurement of infectivity are described and compared. dose-response data demonstrated that a single particle could initiate an infe ...	1974	4608299
fatty acid profiles of cells from the insect cell line iprl-21 (spodoptera frugiperda) and of the tissue culture medium after repeated use.		1973	4353540
characterization of nuclear polyhedrosis virus dnas.	the nuclear polyhedrosis virus dnas characterized and compared in this study consist of the singly-enveloped nucleocapsids (snpv) of trichoplusia ni and the bundles of nucleocapsids common to a single envelope (mnpv) from spodoptera frugiperda and rachiplusia ou. the snpv and mnpv dnas are very similar in hydrodynamic properties and molecular weights. in addition, the npv dnas are similar in size to those extracted from the granulosis viruses that infect t. ni and s. frugiperda. as isolated from ...	1973	4761726
characterization of deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from the granulosis viruses of the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni and the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda.		1972	4636117
flight performance and metabolism of the moth spodoptera frugiperda.		1971	5158369
sex pheromones of the southern armyworm moth: isolation, identification, and synthesis.	two sex pheromones have been isolated from the female southern armyworm moth, prodenia eridania (cramer), and identified as cis-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, identical with the sex pheromone of the fall armyworm moth, spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith), and cis-9,trans-12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate.	1970	5507205
comparative histopathology of a granulosis and a nuclear polyhedrosis of spodoptera frugiperda.		1968	5655351
synthesis of cis-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, the sex pheromone of the fall armyworm.		1968	5690959
controlling the fall armyworm in sweet corn and popcorn with ddt.		1946	20286305