Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| immunization with the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii elicits a protective response. | pneumocystis carinii, a leading opportunistic pulmonary pathogen, contains a major surface glycoprotein (msg) which plays a central role in its interaction with the host. naive lewis rats were immunized with varying concentrations of purified native msg and a recombinant form of the protein (msg-b), placed in a conventional rat colony with exposure to p. carinii, and immunosuppressed with corticosteroids for 10 weeks to induce the development of pneumocystosis. immunization elicited humoral and ... | 1998 | 9682373 |
| prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in aids patients with diarrhoea in santa maria hospital, lisbon. | we report the findings of a longitudinal observational study on hiv-infected patients grouped by presumed transmission group, who had diarrhoea. the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with cryptosporidium infection on these patients. modifiied formol-ether concentration followed by modified ziehl-neelsen and phenol-auramine/carbol-fuchsin staining techniques were used to identify cryptosporidium from 465 patients. cryptosporidiosis was reported in 36/465 ... | 1998 | 9684326 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-positive patients. bronchoalveolar lavage vs. bronchial brushing. | to evaluate the contribution of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and bronchial brushing (bb) and the use of different tinctorial stains in the detection of pneumocystis carinii (pc) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive patients. | 1998 | 9684580 |
| efficacy of mk-991 (l-743,872), a semisynthetic pneumocandin, in murine models of pneumocystis carinii. | in addition to its potent efficacy in animal models against candida sp., aspergillus fumigatus, and histoplasma capsulatum, the clinical candidate pneumocandin mk-991 (formerly l-743,872) was also extremely potent against pneumocystis carinii in models of immune-compromised animals. mk-991 was approximately 14 times more potent than the original natural product lead, pneumocandin b0. the 90% effective dose (ed90) of mk-991 for cyst clearance in the rat model for pneumocystis was 0.011 mg/kg of b ... | 1998 | 9687394 |
| interaction of rat pneumocystis carinii and rat alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. | during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, p. carinii trophic forms adhere tightly to type i alveolar epithelial cells (aecs). however, the manner in which the interaction between p. carinii organisms and aecs results in clinical pneumonia has not been explored. to investigate this interaction in vitro, we established a culture system using rat p. carinii and primary cultures of rat aecs. we hypothesized that binding of p. carinii to aecs would alter the metabolic, structural, and barrier functions ... | 1998 | 9688943 |
| characterization of a mitogen-activated protein kinase from pneumocystis carinii. | the pathogenic fungus pneumocystis carinii causes severe pneumonia in patients with impaired immunity, particularly patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the life cycle of p. carinii is poorly understood, and the inability to continuously culture p. carinii is a major limitation in understanding its cell biology. in fungi homologous to p. carinii, pheromone mating factors signal through a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signal transduction cascade, resulting in mitotic cell c ... | 1998 | 9688951 |
| variations in intensive care unit utilization for patients with human immunodeficiency virus-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: importance of hospital characteristics and geographic location. | to determine whether intensive care unit (icu) use and outcomes for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia vary by hospital characteristics and geographic location. | 1998 | 9559603 |
| efficacy of sulfamethoxypyridazine in a murine model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | sulfamethoxazole is the component of co-trimoxazole responsible for its efficacy against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but this drug is associated with frequent adverse effects. sulfamethoxypyridazine is significantly more effective than sulfamethoxazole against a murine model of p. carinii and might be a candidate for testing in infected patients. | 1998 | 9559812 |
| prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected children one to five years old: a multicenter surveillance study in paediatric hospitals in germany. | 1998 | 9561388 | |
| nephrotoxicity of antiinfective drugs. | antiinfective drugs may show the same mechanisms of nephrotoxicity as other drugs, and these can be subgrouped into vascular, tubulotoxic, tubulo-obstructive, and immunologic effects. while vascular effects of antiinfective drugs are rare, tubulotoxicity is a well known phenomenon, especially in connection with aminoglycosides and amphotericin b as well as cephalosporins, pentamidine, foscarnet, and cidovir. the tubulo-obstructive effect caused by precipitation of the drug and first observed aft ... | 1998 | 9562233 |
| activation and suppression of natural cellular immune functions by pneumocystis carinii. | the regulatory role of soluble cytokines in innate cellular immune responses induced by pneumocystis carinii was assessed in vitro in direct comparison to induction by listeria monocytogenes. this report shows that p. carinii organisms, as well as l. monocytogenes, stimulated in whole spleen cell cultures of scid mice the release of ifn-gamma, tnf-alpha/beta, il-10, il-12, and ino. this response was independent of functional t cells. both macrophages (m phi) and natural killer (nk) cells were ne ... | 1998 | 9562861 |
| aids-associated atypical pneumocystis carinii pneumonia revisited. | 1998 | 9564499 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with breast cancer: are there contributing local factors? | 1998 | 9564511 | |
| pneumocystis carinii: a versatile opportunist. | 1998 | 9564512 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an infant with x-linked agammaglobulinemia. | 1998 | 9564810 | |
| atypical pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a child with hyper-igm syndrome. | children with hyper-immunoglobulin m (hyper-igm) syndrome are at increased risk for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), an opportunistic infection often found in immunodeficient hosts. pcp can present with increasing hypoxia, fever, cough, and respiratory distress. we describe a child with hyper-igm syndrome in whom bronchoalveolar washings were negative for pcp. however, there was an atypical lung response in which caseating granulomas predominated. the histopathology, resembling that found i ... | 1998 | 9566284 |
| pneumocystis carinii investigation in patients with wegener's granulomatosis. | 1998 | 9566687 | |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii among children with chronic respiratory disorders in the absence of hiv infection and immunodeficiency. | a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was investigated for detection of pneumocystis carinii in 96 respiratory tract specimens from 82 children, of whom 28 were immunocompetent but with chronic lung disorders (cld), eight had aids and p. carinii pneumonia (pcp), 16 had aids but no respiratory symptoms, and 30 were healthy immunocompetent children. gomori methenamine silver stain (gms) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) were performed in parallel. of 36 specimens from children w ... | 1998 | 9568999 |
| pregnancy outcome in women with beta-thalassemia major and hiv infection. | to conduct a study of maternal and foetal outcome in pregnant transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia major (beta-tm) women with hiv-1 disease. | 1998 | 9578273 |
| a comparison of the pattern of interstitial pneumonitis following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation before and after the introduction of prophylactic ganciclovir therapy in 1989. | a comparison was made of the pattern of interstitial pneumonitis (ip) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation before and after the introduction of ganciclovir prophylaxis to minimize the risk of cytomegalovirus (cmv) disease in the st vincent's hospital bone marrow transplant program in 1989. a total of 456 recipients of allogeneic transplants were included. 280 received no prophylactic ganciclovir while 176 received prophylactic ganciclovir. the overall incidence of interstitial pneumo ... | 1998 | 9578309 |
| experimental evaluation of roxithromycin combined with dapsone or sulphamethoxazole on pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dual infections in a rat model. | we have developed a dual infection model in immunosuppressed rats for evaluating drugs against pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii, two important opportunistic pathogens in patients with aids. using this model, we reported that the macrolide roxithromycin was effective at a daily dose of 400 mg/kg in preventing the development of t. gondii infection but did not have a prophylactic effect against p. carinii in the same rats. a lower dose (200 mg/kg/day) had only marginal effects. extending ... | 1998 | 9579714 |
| molecular microbiology of pneumocystis carinii. | 1998 | 9580034 | |
| [intestinal obstruction and necrotizing thyroiditis secondary to pneumocystis carinii infection in a seropositive hemophiliac patient seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus]. | we report a case of bowel infection by pneumocystis carinii (pc) that presented as an acute obstruction accompanied by intestinal hemorrhage (melena) in a hiv seropositive hemophilic patient. laparotomy followed by resection of two plaque-like jejunal tumors was performed, and intravenous therapy with pentamidine was initiated. no other organ was found to be affected by pc (not even the lung), with the exception of the thyroid gland. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case in which acu ... | 1998 | 9580151 |
| medical management of the pregnant woman infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and her child. | heterosexual contact and intravenous drug use continue to result in new cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection among adolescents and women of childbearing age. in north american and european surveys, 0.1% to 0.3% of childbearing women are infected with hiv; rates are 10 to 20 times higher in some inner-city areas. timely, comprehensive, and well-coordinated care of the pregnant hiv-infected mother offers a unique opportunity to significantly influence two lives simultaneo ... | 1998 | 9523401 |
| 2,4-diamino-6,7-dihydro-5h-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine analogues of trimethoprim as inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase. | three previously unreported (r,s)-2,4-diamino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) alkyl]-6,7-dihydro-5h-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidines 15a-c were synthesized as analogues of trimethoprim (tmp) and were tested as inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasma gondii, and rat liver dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). the length of the alkyl bridge between the cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine and trimethoxyphenyl moiety ranged from one in 15a to three carbons in 15c. the products were tested as competitive inhibitors of the ... | 1998 | 9526565 |
| [impact of zidovudine treatment and the pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in natural history of patients with hiv infection]. | early use of prophylactic regimens against pneumocystis carinii and zidovudine therapy, may have modified the natural history of patients with hiv-1 infection. we describe the incidence of opportunistic infections and analize the mortality rate in those patients to check the occurrence of any change in the above mentioned natural history. | 1998 | 9580410 |
| cross-reactivity in hiv-infected patients switched from trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to dapsone. | to evaluate the cross-reactivity of dapsone after a documented hypersensitivity reaction to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) during prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1998 | 9692656 |
| detection of parasites with dna-binding bisbenzimide h33258 in pneumocystis carinii- and leishmania-containing materials. | even for routine purposes, standard staining of pneumocystis- or leishmania-containing materials, e.g., with giemsa or diff-quik, is often unsatisfactory due to poor contrast and to staining of irrelevant structures. in comparison, the bisbenzimide dye hoechst 33258, a dna-binding fluorochrome, allows a more precise analysis of such materials. bisbenzimide stained all stages of these fungal or protozoal organisms with brilliant contrast against a uniformly dark background. the level of backgroun ... | 1998 | 9694372 |
| infectious diseases in the liver transplant recipient. | despite a declining incidence, infections remain a significant complication in liver transplant recipients. the spectrum of infections in transplant recipients, however, appears to be evolving. infections caused by gram-positive bacteria (e.g., enterococci and staphylococci) have now surpassed in frequency those caused by gram-negative bacteria. there has been a decline in the incidence of pneumocystis carinii and more recently cytomegalovirus infection in transplant recipients, largely as a res ... | 1998 | 9700844 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating methotrexate treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris. | 1998 | 9704846 | |
| determination of copy number of rrna genes in pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis. | differential pcr was performed to determine the copy number of rrna genes in pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis. two different reference genes, thymidylate synthase (ts) and beta-tubulin (btu) genes, were used. primers for the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of nuclear rrna genes and either the ts or btu gene were mixed together to perform pcr on seven different bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from patients with p. carinii pneumonia. the radioactivity derived from the incorporated rad ... | 1998 | 9705380 |
| autologous pbpct in a patient with lymphoma and sjögren's syndrome: complete remission of lymphoma without control of the autoimmune disease. | a patient with primary sjögren's syndrome developed massive gland enlargement and was diagnosed a malt-type lymphoma stage iia. after initial radiotherapy the patient relapsed with high grade immunoblastic lymphoma. chemotherapy led to remission of the lymphoma and improvement of the autoimmune disease. a peripheral blood stem cell harvest was performed. however, subsequent to standard chemotherapy the patient experienced an exacerbation of arthralgia and vasculitis while his lymphoma remained i ... | 1998 | 9707034 |
| combined use of blood and oropharyngeal samples for noninvasive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia using the polymerase chain reaction. | to evaluate the clinical use of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) using samples collected noninvasively, the internal transcribed spacers (itss) nested pcr was performed on 148 samples from 40 subjects. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid sera, gargled oropharyngeal washes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 14 aids patients (mean age, 35.6 years; mean cd4+ cell count, 49.2 cells/mm3) with proven pcp and from 13 hiv-serop ... | 1998 | 9707306 |
| analysis of life-long strategies to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with variable hiv progression rates. | to compare strategies for life-long prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a group of aids patients with a wide range of disease progression rates. | 1998 | 9708411 |
| single amino acid substitutions disrupt tetramer formation in the dihydroneopterin aldolase enzyme of pneumocystis carinii. | in the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii, dihydroneopterin aldolase function is expressed as the n-terminal portion of the multifunctional folic acid synthesis protein (fas). this region encompasses two domains, fasa and fasb, which are 27% amino acid identical. fasa and fasb also share significant amino acid sequence similarity with bacterial dihydroneopterin aldolases. in the present study, this enzyme function has been overproduced as an independent monofunctional activity in escher ... | 1998 | 9709001 |
| pneumonia after heart transplantation: a multi-institutional study. spanish transplantation infection study group. | a multiinstitutional study of 307 heart transplant recipients was carried out to determine the clinical, radiographic, and prognostic characteristics, the incidence, and the etiology of pneumonias in the first year after transplantation. there were 21.1 cases of pneumonia per 100 heart transplantations. seventy-five percent of the cases occurred in the first trimester. eighty-two causal agents were identified, of which 60% were opportunistic, 25% were nosocomial, and 15% were community-acquired. ... | 1998 | 9709883 |
| radiographic aspects of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the miniature dachshund. | the thoracic radiographic changes of pneumocystis carinii in 7 miniature dachshunds were reviewed. the dogs were 7-12 months old and presented with polypnea, exercise intolerance and clinical signs suggestive of immune-incompetence. p. carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in all the dogs using transtracheal aspirate cytology and confirmed at postmortem in 3 dogs that died. radiographically, diffuse pulmonary changes were present and varied from a mild interstitial and bronchial pattern to an alveolar ... | 1998 | 9710133 |
| plasma (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan measurement and polymerase chain reaction on sputum as practical parameters in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we report a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diagnosed and monitored with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for pneumocystis carinii on sputum and measurement of plasma (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan (g-test). results of both studies paralleled the clinical and radiographic improvement. however, the plasma (1-->3)-beta-d-glucan level remained higher than normal when pcr for pneumocystis carinii became negative in sputum. both pcr for pneumocystis c ... | 1998 | 9711891 |
| high-dose immunoglobulin therapy for a patient with dermatomyositis. | a 46-year-old woman was admitted to our department complaining of dermal eruption and weakness of muscles. she was diagnosed as having dermatomyositis and was initially treated with prednisolone. since her condition rapidly deteriorated, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v.ig) therapy (0.4 g/kg/day i.v. for 5 days) was administered. marked improvement in muscle strength was observed the following day after the first administration. she unfortunately died of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis ... | 1998 | 9711898 |
| characterization of major surface glycoprotein genes of human pneumocystis carinii and high-level expression of a conserved region. | to facilitate studies of pneumocystis carinii infection in humans, we undertook to better characterize and to express the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of human p. carinii, an important protein in host-pathogen interactions. seven msg genes were cloned from a single isolate by pcr or genomic library screening and were sequenced. the predicted proteins, like rat msgs, were closely related but unique variants, with a high level of conservation among cysteine residues. a conserved immunodominant ... | 1998 | 9712777 |
| induction of fibrinogen expression in the lung epithelium during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii is an important pulmonary pathogen responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients with aids. the acute-phase response (apr), the primary mechanism used by the body to restore homeostasis following infection, is characterized by increased levels of circulating fibrinogen (fbg). although the liver is the primary site of increased fbg synthesis during the apr, we unexpectedly discovered that fbg is synthesized and secreted by lung alveolar epithelial cells in vitro during ... | 1998 | 9712798 |
| [non-invasive mechanical ventilation as treatment for severe pneumonia in an hiv positive patient]. | a 27 year-old hiv+ patient was admitted to the hospital for probable pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). he was severely dyspneic, with respiratory rate of 44 x min and accessory respiratory muscle contraction. the alveolar-arterial quotient was 0.35. ventilation by bipap was applied during 12 hours. after bipap a/ao2 was o.42, with amelioration of dyspnea, decrease of respiratory rate (25 x min) and without using of accessory respiratory muscles. no complications occurred. at the end of hospi ... | 1998 | 9713103 |
| a different look at corticosteroids. | systemic corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of numerous medical conditions for approximately 50 years. short-acting products such as hydrocortisone are the least potent. prednisone and methylprednisolone, which are intermediate-acting products, are four to five times more potent than hydrocortisone. dexamethasone is a long-acting, systemic corticosteroid; its potency is about 25 times greater than the short-acting products. corticosteroids reduce the need for hospitalization in pati ... | 1998 | 9713398 |
| atypical pneumocystis carinii infection in aids: massive cervical lymphadenitis and fever of unknown origin. | pulmonary pneumocystis carinii infections are relatively common in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). extrapulmonary pneumocystis is a less common manifestation, particularly when it occurs without concurrent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. disseminated pneumocystis is most commonly found in lymph nodes, the liver, and the spleen and may result in nonspecific debilitating illness, which is often overlooked in the absence of pulmonary symptoms. we present the case of an ... | 1998 | 9715224 |
| factors associated with survival following secondary aids: 1988 to 1995. | the second aids-defining condition diagnosed chronologically is referred to in this report as the secondary aids diagnosis. in this study, we examined survival following a secondary aids diagnosis using demographic and clinical factors known within 1 year before secondary aids diagnosis. in a prospective cohort of 2412 hiv-seropositive homosexual men observed in the multicenter aids cohort study (macs), 609 presented with a secondary aids diagnosis between january 1, 1988 and march 31, 1995. to ... | 1998 | 9715847 |
| randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the immune modulator wf10 in patients with advanced aids. | a randomized, double-blind trial compared treatment with the immune modulator wf10 (ten patients) and placebo (nine patients) administered in cycles over 3 months among individuals with advanced aids. there were no notable clinical adverse events; changes in hematologic and chemistry values were comparable in the two groups. in both groups, median hiv-rna pcr values remained stable. immunologic variables showed a consistent tendency to increase in the wf10 group and to decrease in the control gr ... | 1998 | 9717676 |
| drug-induced pneumonitis caused by sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with refractory ulcerative colitis. | we recently treated a patient with intractable ulcerative colitis complicated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in whom sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim caused pneumonitis. the pneumonitis was difficult to differentiate from worsening of the infection or the appearance of another opportunistic infection. the patient's history of sulfasalazine (sulfonamide)-induced pneumonitis made diagnosis possible. the cd4/cd8 ratio of lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was decreased at the diag ... | 1998 | 9719247 |
| structure-based design and synthesis of lipophilic 2,4-diamino-6-substituted quinazolines and their evaluation as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductases and potential antitumor agents. | the synthesis and biological activities of 14 6-substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazolines are reported. these compounds were designed to improve the cell penetration of a previously reported series of 2,4-diamino-6-substituted-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines which had shown significant potency and remarkable selectivity for toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), but had much lower inhibitory effects on the growth of t. gondii cells in culture. the target n9-h analogues were obtained via regiospeci ... | 1998 | 9719595 |
| immune responses to naturally acquired pneumocystis carinii in gene disruption mutant mice. | 1998 | 9720960 | |
| 1,5-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)pentane (pentamidine) is a potent inhibitor of [3h]idazoxan binding to imidazoline i2 binding sites. | the aromatic diamidine 1,5-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)pentane (pentamidine) is used for treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. clinical use of pentamidine has been restricted by significant toxicity, that includes hypotension, and hypoglycemia. although clinical toxicity is well described, the mechanisms are still poorly understood. competitive binding analyses using [3h]idazoxan as the radioligand, and cirazoline to define non ... | 1998 | 9721046 |
| energy dependency of glucocorticoid exacerbation of gp120 neurotoxicity. | the hiv envelope glycoprotein, gp120, a well documented neurotoxin, may be involved in aids-related dementia complex. gp120 works through an nmda receptor- and calcium-dependent mechanism to damage neurons. we have previously demonstrated that both natural and synthetic glucocorticoids (gcs) exacerbate gp120-induced neurotoxicity and calcium mobilization in hippocampal mixed cultures. gcs, steroid hormones secreted during stress, are now shown to work in conjunction with gp120 to decrease atp le ... | 1998 | 9721744 |
| pneumocystis carinii glycoprotein a inhibits surfactant phospholipid secretion by rat alveolar type ii cells. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains a major cause of morbidity in aids. the pathogenesis of pcp is poorly understood, but evidence of surfactant abnormalities is mounting. the role of the major surface glycoprotein of p. carinii, gpa, in producing surfactant abnormalities was investigated. rat type ii pneumocytes were incubated with [3h]choline, purified gpa, and modulators. lipid was extracted, and [3h]dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (dppc) secretion was calculated. contaminating endot ... | 1998 | 9419186 |
| proliferative and cytokine responses of human t lymphocytes isolated from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients to the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | the current study examined the proliferative capacity and cytokine secretion pattern of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected patients in response to the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis carinii. pbmc from aids patients with <200 cd4 cells/ml had significantly less proliferative responses to msg than did healthy controls. cytokine analysis indicated that interferon-gamma secreted in response to msg was also significant ... | 1998 | 9419198 |
| activated pulmonary macrophages are insufficient for resistance against pneumocystis carinii. | cd4+ t cells are pivotal for elimination of pneumocystis carinii from infected lungs, and alveolar macrophages are considered the main effector cells clearing the infected host of p. carinii organisms. to investigate this issue, several mutant mouse strains were used in a previously established experimental setup which facilitates natural acquisition of disease through inhalation of airborne fungal organisms. mutant mice deficient in major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules (a beta(-/ ... | 1998 | 9423872 |
| pre-aids era isolates of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis: high genotype similarity with contemporary isolates. | isolates of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis were examined from six individuals who died of p. carinii pneumonia between 1968 and 1981 and who had underlying immunodeficiencies which were not due to human immunodeficiency virus infection. dna sequence variation was analyzed in the genes encoding the mitochondrial large subunit rrna (mt lsu rrna), the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of the nuclear rrna, the arom locus, and the mitochondrial small subunit rrna. no major variations wer ... | 1998 | 9431927 |
| identification of a putative precursor to the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii is a family of proteins encoded by a family of heterogeneous genes. messenger rnas encoding different msgs each begin with the same 365-bp sequence, called the upstream conserved sequence (ucs), which is in frame with the contiguous msg sequence. the ucs contains several potential start sites for translation. to determine if translation of msg mrnas begins in the ucs, polyclonal antiserum was raised against the 123-amino ... | 1998 | 9453635 |
| expression, structure, and location of epitopes of the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii. | the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii consists of a heterogeneous family of proteins that are encoded by approximately 100 unique genes. a genomic expression library was screened with a panel of msg-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to identify conserved and rare epitopes. all of the antibodies reacted with epitopes that are encoded within the 5' end of msg. the results from the expression screening identified antibodies that recognize highly conserved, ... | 1998 | 9455880 |
| antibody to pneumocystis carinii protects rats and mice from developing pneumonia. | well-proven mouse and rat models were used to show that polyclonal antisera to pneumocystis carinii protect against p. carinii pneumonia. antibodies were obtained from animals that were allowed to recover from severe p. carinii pneumonia after immunosuppression had been stopped and which then were given a booster injection of p. carinii from the same animal species. mice immunosuppressed with corticosteroids or antibodies to l3t4+ lymphocytes (which are comparable to cd4 cells of humans) and tra ... | 1998 | 9455884 |
| impact of opportunistic disease on survival in patients with hiv infection. | to assess the impact of opportunistic diseases on survival in patients with hiv disease. | 1998 | 9456252 |
| the lipids of pneumocystis carinii. | information about a number of pneumocystis carinii lipids obtained by the analyses of organisms isolated and purified from infected lungs of corticosteroid-immunosuppressed rats has been reported in recent years. of the common opportunistic protists associated with aids (cryptosporidium, toxoplasma, and the microsporidia), more is currently known about the lipids of p. carinii than the others. lipids that are synthesized by the organism but not by humans are attractive targets for drug developme ... | 1998 | 9457427 |
| [hemophiliacs with hiv. slower progression of the infection among younger patients and at higher dosages of factor concentrates]. | hiv disease progression and the effect of replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates (cfcs) were studied in 100 swedish haemophiliacs, mean age at seroconversion 29 years (range, 4-72). on average 16 years after seroconversion, 67 per cent of the patients had cd4+ cell counts of < 200 x 10(6)/l, 50 per cent had developed aids, and 58 per cent had died. hiv disease progression was significantly slower in those aged less than 28 (median age) at seroconversion (p = 0.004). moreover, mort ... | 1998 | 9458646 |
| clinic hiv-focused features and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to examine the association of clinic hiv-focused features and advanced hiv care experience with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis and development of pcp as the initial aids diagnosis. | 1998 | 9462490 |
| 2,5-bis[4-(n-alkylamidino)phenyl]furans as anti-pneumocystis carinii agents. | the syntheses of 12 new 2,5-bis[4-(n-alkylamidino)phenyl]furans are reported. the interaction of these dicationic furans with poly(da-dt) and with the duplex oligomer d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 was determined by tm measurements, and the effectiveness of these compounds against the immunosuppressed rat model of pneumocystis carinii was evaluated. at the screening dose of 10 mumol/kg, 9 of the 14 n-alkylamidino furans described here are more active than the parent compound 1. substitution of an alkyl group ... | 1998 | 9438029 |
| the cost-effectiveness of preventing aids-related opportunistic infections. | multiple options are now available for prophylaxis of opportunistic infections related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). however, because of differences in incidence rates as well as drug efficacy, toxicity, and costs, the role of different types of prophylaxis remains uncertain. | 1998 | 9440663 |
| pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography versus gallium scintigraphy: diagnostic utility in the diagnosis of patients with aids who have chest symptoms and normal or equivocal chest radiographs. | fifty-six consecutive symptomatic patients with aids referred for gallium scintigraphy were prospectively studied with chest high-resolution computed tomography (hrct). results of gallium and hrct were correlated with findings of bronchoscopy or clinical follow-up for 1 month from time of discharge. twenty-two patients were eventually diagnosed with at least one of the following: pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, mycobacterium avium complex, bacteria, kaposi's sarcoma, or lymphocytic inters ... | 1998 | 9440841 |
| improved survival among hiv-infected individuals following initiation of antiretroviral therapy. | clinical trials have established the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy with double- and triple-drug regimens for individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), but the effectiveness of these regimens in the population of patients not enrolled in clinical trials is unknown. | 1998 | 9466638 |
| simultaneous pneumocystis carinii and pneumococcal pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. | three children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had pneumonia develop were infected simultaneously with pneumocystis carinïi and streptococcus pneumoniae. such coexistence has not been previously reported in children. one patient received prophylactic treatment against pneumocystis carinïi before his illness. | 1998 | 9470024 |
| characteristics of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in older adults. | to examine demographic and clinical features of older aids patients in comparison with younger individuals. | 1998 | 9475441 |
| characterization of natural occurring pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pigs by histopathology, electron microscopy, in situ hybridization and pcr amplification. | macroscopic, histologic, ultrastructural, microbiologic, in situ hybridization (ish) and pcr detection results in three 8-week-old pigs naturally infected with pneumocystis carinii (pc) are described. all animals had a nonsuppurative interstitial pneumonia and intra-alveolar pneumocystis organisms with foamy eosinophilic and pas positive appearance. ultrastructurally, pc trophozoites and cysts were observed in pigs no. 2 and no. 3, with the former being much more numerous. pc organisms were loca ... | 1998 | 9476643 |
| pneumocystis carinii and the immune response in disease. | pneumocystis carinii causes serious disease in immunocompromised patients, notably in aids patients. our understanding of the biology of this fungus is advancing but still incomplete. protective immunity against p. carinii is mediated by cd4+ t cells in the immunocompetent host, but precise resistance mechanisms remain to be determined. | 1998 | 9507642 |
| the incidence of aids-defining illnesses in 4883 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. royal free/chelsea and westminster hospitals collaborative group. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-defining illnesses are known to occur at different levels of immunosuppression, and the incidence of diagnoses may also vary according to the cd4 lymphocyte count strata. information about the incidence of disease at different levels of immunosuppression would help clinicians monitoring patients and would allow prophylaxis to be targeted at the most appropriate population. | 1998 | 9508227 |
| update on pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis typing based on nucleotide sequence variations in internal transcribed spacer regions of rrna genes. | pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis isolates from 207 clinical specimens from nine countries were typed based on nucleotide sequence variations in the internal transcribed spacer regions i and ii (its1 and its2, respectively) of rrna genes. the number of its1 nucleotides has been revised from the previously reported 157 bp to 161 bp. likewise, the number of its2 nucleotides has been changed from 177 to 192 bp. the number of its1 sequence types has increased from 2 to 15, and that of its2 has inc ... | 1998 | 9508304 |
| non-invasive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1998 | 9449899 | |
| pneumocystis carinii inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase activity in lung epithelial cells. | pneumocystis carinii remains an important cause of pneumonia in patients with aids. attachment of the organism to epithelial cells is a central event in establishing infection, impairing the growth potential of lung epithelial cells and thereby slowing repair. in light of investigations documenting a central role for cyclin-dependent kinases in controlling the cell cycle, we addressed the hypothesis that p. carinii inhibits epithelial cell growth by interfering with host epithelial cyclin-depend ... | 1998 | 9486986 |
| use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in bone marrow transplant recipients. | bone marrow transplantation (bmt) has become the therapy of choice for a number of malignant and nonmalignant hematologic and nonhematologic disorders. a frequent complication after bmt is pulmonary disease which is associated with a high mortality rate. we examined the results of 79 bronchoscopies performed between may 1991 and may 1995 in 62 patients for the evaluation of pulmonary complications after bmt. in all cases bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) was performed, in 10% transbronchial biopsy (t ... | 1998 | 9490561 |
| primary pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine after bone marrow transplantation. | 1998 | 9490570 | |
| pneumocystis carinii contains a functional cell-division-cycle cdc2 homologue. | pneumocystis carinii causes life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. the inability to culture p. carinii has hampered basic investigations of the organism's life cycle, limiting the development of new therapies directed against it. recent investigations indicate that p. carinii is a fungus phylogenetically related to other ascomycetes such as schizosaccharomyces pombe. the cell cycles of s. pombe and homologous fungi are carefully regulated by cell-division-cycle molecules (cdc) ... | 1998 | 9490647 |
| trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and metabolic acidosis in hiv-infected patients. | to describe a retrospective study of six hiv-positive individuals with compensated metabolic acidosis while receiving intravenous trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx). | 1998 | 9496402 |
| trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-induced tremor in a patient with aids. | to report a case of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx)-induced tremor responsive to a reduction in dosage. | 1998 | 9496403 |
| cd4 lymphocyte counts and mortality in aids patients requiring mechanical ventilator support due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to evaluate cd4 counts as a predictor of mortality in aids patients with respiratory failure due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1998 | 9498963 |
| diagnosing hiv-related disease: using the cd4 count as a guide. | objective: to summarize current information on the relation between cd4 counts and the risk of different hiv-related diseases. measurements and main results: medline search of english language articles between 1985 and 1996 using the medical subject heading (mesh) term "cd4 lymphocyte count" and searches using key words of multiple hiv-related diseases were conducted. some hiv-related diseases can be stratified to different cd4 count levels. regardless of their cd4 count, hiv-infected patients a ... | 1998 | 9502375 |
| persistence of pneumocystis carinii after effective treatment of p. carinii pneumonia is not related to relapse or survival among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | 1998 | 9502487 | |
| gender differences in care for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1998 | 9504038 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: the status of pneumocystis biochemistry. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains a prevalent opportunistic disease among immunocompromised individuals. although aggressive prophylaxis has decreased the number of acute p. carinii pneumonia cases, many patients cannot tolerate the available drugs, and experience recurrence of the infection, which can be fatal. it is now generally agreed that the organism should be placed with the fungi, but the identification of extant fungal species representing its closest kins, remains debated. most re ... | 1998 | 9504336 |
| hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism associated with pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient with aids. | 1998 | 9506377 | |
| identification and characterization of an endo/exonuclease in pneumocystis carinii that is inhibited by dicationic diarylfurans with efficacy against pneumocystis pneumonia. | dicationic diarylfurans and dicationic carbazoles are under development as therapeutic agents against opportunistic infections. while their ability to bind to the minor groove of dna has been established, the complete mechanism of action has not. we demonstrate here that an effective diarylfuran, 2,5-bis[4-(n-isopropylguanyl)phenyl]furan, inhibits an endo/exonuclease activity present in pneumocystis carinii, cryptococcus neoformans, candida albicans, and saccharomyces cerevisiae. this activity w ... | 1998 | 9495040 |
| acceptability of low-volume, induced sputum specimens for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | two milliliters of induced sputum is the minimum volume recommended for microscopic examination for pneumocystis carinii by direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) stain. many specimens received in our laboratory do not meet this criterion. rejection of these inadequate specimens increases cost and discomfort to the patient because additional specimens must be obtained. to determine whether volumes less than 2 ml were acceptable for microscopic analysis, we examined 177 consecutive induced sputum spec ... | 1998 | 9495208 |
| health services use by urban women with or at risk for hiv-1 infection: the hiv epidemiology research study (hers). | to characterize health services use by urban women with or at risk for hiv-1 infection enrolled in a prospective multicenter study. | 1998 | 9495226 |
| pneumocystis carinii in wildlife. | pneumocystis carinii is a eukaryotic organism capable of causing life-threatening pneumonia (pcp) in immunocompromised hosts. despite intensive investigation in human and laboratory animal hosts, information on the occurrence and nature of infections in wild animals is scarce, although characterisation of infections in wild-animal populations may help to elucidate the life-cycle and transmission of this elusive organism. due to the interspecific differences in prevalence and intensity of p. cari ... | 1998 | 9512987 |
| declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. hiv outpatient study investigators. | national surveillance data show recent, marked reductions in morbidity and mortality associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). to evaluate these declines, we analyzed data on 1255 patients, each of whom had at least one cd4+ count below 100 cells per cubic millimeter, who were seen at nine clinics specializing in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in eight u.s. cities from january 1994 through june 1997. | 1998 | 9516219 |
| olecranon bursitis caused by infection with candida lusitaniae. | we describe a 59-year-old woman with diabetes and chronic asthma treated with prednisone and methotrexate who developed chronic olecranon bursitis caused by candida lusitaniae. infection, especially with unusual microbial pathogens, should be considered in cases of chronic bursitis in patients taking immunosuppressive medicine, even if the classic signs of septic bursitis are absent. infection with c. lusitaniae, a component of the normal mycoflora, may be a marker of serious immunosuppression, ... | 1998 | 9517788 |
| frequency and determinants of use of antiretroviral and prophylactic therapies against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) before aids diagnosis in italy. | to determine the frequency and the determinants of use of antiretroviral drugs and prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among hiv-infected individuals before aids diagnosis, a questionnaire was sent to all physicians reporting at least one aids case during the first six months of 1994 to the italian national aids registry. information on cases diagnosed between 1 january and 31 march 1995 was collected. information was obtained for 878 (66.4%) of the 1323 persons with aids: 447 ( ... | 1998 | 9517872 |
| anti-pneumocystis activities of aromatic diamidoxime prodrugs. | aromatic dicationic compounds, such as pentamidine, have potent antimicrobial activities. clinical use of these compounds has been restricted, however, by their toxicity and limited oral activity. a novel approach, using amidoxime derivatives as prodrugs, has recently been proposed to overcome these limitations. although results were presented for amidoxime derivatives of only one diamidine, pentamidine, the authors in the original proposal claimed that amidoxime derivatives would work as effect ... | 1998 | 9517949 |
| granulocyte colony-stimulating factor use is associated with decreased bacteremia and increased survival in neutropenic hiv-infected patients. | neutropenia occurs in up to 17% of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals. although granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) can reverse hiv-related neutropenia, it is not established that this therapy can reduce bacterial infections and affect survival. | 1998 | 9528719 |
| co-trimoxazole desensitization in hiv-seropositive patients. | co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole) is an effective prophylactic agent against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). however, it is associated with a high frequency of adverse reactions in immunocompromised patients which may preclude its use. fourteen patients with a definite history of adverse reactions to co-trimoxazole on standard pcp prophylactic dosage were selected for desensitization using a regimen of gradual incremental exposure over an 11-day period. eight (57.1%) were suc ... | 1998 | 9530901 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv primary infection]. | 1998 | 9534353 | |
| effects of aerosolized synthetic surfactant, atovaquone, and the combination of these on murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | an immunosuppressed rat model was used to determine the pharmacokinetics of aerosolized atovaquone (administered with and without a synthetic surfactant) and to evaluate the efficacy of inhaled atovaquone in the prevention and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). after a single dose by aerosol, mean peak concentrations of atovaquone averaged 52 microg/ml in plasma and 31 microg/g in lungs of rats infected with p. carinii. when atovaquone was combined with surfactant, mean peak conc ... | 1998 | 9534981 |
| a study of chest infections in hiv seropositive patients in kuala lumpur. | a retrospective study of 144 adults with hiv infection was conducted to investigate the prevalence of upper and lower respiratory tract infections (urtis and lrtis). the patients were divided into two groups: those with acquired hiv through intravenous drug abuse (ivda), and those who had acquired hiv through 'other' risk behaviours. lrtis were more prevalent than urtis overall, and lrtis were significantly more common (p < 0.001) in ivdas than in the other-risk group. tuberculosis (40%) and bac ... | 1998 | 9536563 |
| [impact of medical approach on the presentation form of aids defined by clinical episodes]. | in recent years there has been a change in the opportunistic diseases incidence in hiv-infected patients. the change could be related to the use antiviral therapy and chemoprophylaxis strategies. the aim of the present study was to evaluate if medical intervention is able to modificate the clinical presentation of aids and the cd4+ lymphocyte counts at time of aids diagnosis. | 1998 | 9541900 |
| performance of a pcr assay for detection of pneumocystis carinii from respiratory specimens. | this study evaluates the performance of a pcr assay for the detection of pneumocystis carinii from respiratory specimens that has been designed for use in the clinical microbiology laboratory. the test includes a simple method for nucleic acid extraction and amplification, a colorimetric probe hybridization technique for detection of amplicons, and an internal control to evaluate for the presence of inhibitors of amplification. two hundred thirty-two clinical specimens (120 induced-sputum [is] a ... | 1998 | 9542920 |