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development and characterization of wheat lines carrying stem rust resistance gene sr43 derived from thinopyrum ponticum.wheat lines carrying ug99-effective stem rust resistance gene sr43 on shortened alien chromosome segments were produced using chromosome engineering, and molecular markers linked to sr43 were identified for marker-assisted selection. stem rust resistance gene sr43, transferred into common wheat (triticum aestivum) from thinopyrum ponticum, is an effective gene against stem rust ug99 races. however, this gene has not been used in wheat breeding because it is located on a large th. ponticum 7el(2) ...201424504553
quality determination of wheat: genetic determination, biochemical markers, seed storage proteins - bread and durum wheat germplasm.quality is an important determinant in wheat breeding since its genetic background is less affected by the environment and sufficiently influences the commercial value of a cultivar. thus, if a certain cultivar possesses some specific allele combination at crucial loci, then it appears quite possible to exhibit valuable qualitative traits in terms of end-product quality. this is also true if either durum or bread wheat germplasm is involved.201424497330
the homoeologous genes encoding chalcone-flavanone isomerase in triticum aestivum l.: structural characterization and expression in different parts of wheat plant.chalcone-flavanone isomerase (chi; ec 5.5.1.6.) participates in the early step of flavonoid biosynthesis, related to plant adaptive and protective responses to environmental stress. the bread wheat genomic sequences encoding chi were isolated, sequenced and mapped to the terminal segment of the long arms of chromosomes 5a, 5b and 5d. the loss of the final chi intron and junction of the two last exons was found in the wheat a, b and d genomes compared to the chi sequences of most other plant spec ...201424480448
genotypic variation in the uptake, partitioning and remobilisation of nitrogen during grain-filling in wheat.twenty elite varieties of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), primarily winter wheat, were grown with low and high supplies of nitrogen (n) in a field experiment at rothamsted, southern england, in the season 2004-05. the aim was to quantify genetic variation in the uptake, partitioning and remobilisation of n in individual plant organs at extreme rates of n supply. the biggest contibutor to variation in plant and crop performance was 'n-rate' followed by 'growth stage' and then 'genotype'. at both n- ...201426412936
overexpression of vp, a vacuolar h+-pyrophosphatase gene in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), improves tobacco plant growth under pi and n deprivation, high salinity, and drought.establishing crop cultivars with strong tolerance to p and n deprivation, high salinity, and drought is an effective way to improve crop yield and promote sustainable agriculture worldwide. a vacuolar h+-pyrophosphatase (v-h+-ppase) gene in wheat (tavp) was functionally characterized in this study. tavp cdna is 2586-bp long and encodes a 775-amino-acid polypeptide that contains 10 conserved membrane-spanning domains. transcription of tavp was upregulated by inorganic phosphate (pi) and n depriva ...201424474810
a genotypic difference in primary root length is associated with the inhibitory role of transforming growth factor-beta receptor-interacting protein-1 on root meristem size in wheat.previously we identified a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) qtalro-b1 for primary root length (prl) in wheat. here we compare proteomics in the roots of the qtalro-b1 qtl isolines 178a, with short prl and small meristem size, and 178b, with long prl and large meristem size. a total of 16 differentially expressed proteins were identified: one, transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta receptor-interacting protein-1 (tatrip1), was enriched in 178a, while various peroxidases (pods) were more abunda ...201424467344
exogenous ga3 application can compensate the morphogenetic effects of the ga-responsive dwarfing gene rht12 in bread wheat.the most common dwarfing genes in wheat, rht-b1b and rht-d1b, classified as gibberellin-insensitive (gai) dwarfing genes due to their reduced response to exogenous ga, have been verified as encoding negative regulators of gibberellin signaling. in contrast, the response of gibberellin-responsive (gar) dwarfing genes, such as rht12, to exogenous ga is still unclear and the role of them, if any, in ga biosynthesis or signaling is unknown. the responses of rht12 to exogenous ga3 were investigated o ...201424466090
the reducing end sequence of wheat endosperm cell wall arabinoxylans.walls from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) endosperm are composed primarily of hetero-(arabino)xylans (axs) (70%) and (1→3)(1→4)-β-d-glucans (20%) with minor amounts of cellulose and heteromannans (2% each). to understand the differential solubility properties of the axs, as well as aspects of their biosynthesis, we are sequencing the xylan backbone and examining the reducing end (re) sequence(s) of wheat (monocot) axs. a previous study of grass axs (switchgrass, rice, brachypodium, miscanthus and ...201424462668
genetic analysis of biomass and photosynthetic parameters in wheat grown in different light intensities.growth light intensities largely determine photosynthesis, biomass, and grain yield of cereal crops. to explore the genetic basis of light responses of biomass and photosynthetic parameters in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis was carried out in a doubled haploid (dh) population grown in low light (ll), medium light (ml), and high light (hl), respectively. the results showed that the wheat seedlings grown in hl produced more biomass with lower total chloroph ...201424456166
traits associated with winter wheat grain yield in central and west asia.improved adaptation of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to drought and heat may be influenced by days to heading, plant height, biomass, canopy temperature (ct) at grain filling, and rate of senescence. this study shows that, under supplemental irrigation or rainfed conditions, days to heading and plant height together explain up to 68% of grain yield (gy) variation, and these associations were further confirmed in several locations across west and central asia. days to heading can be slightl ...201424456121
cloning of seed dormancy genes (tasdr) associated with tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting in common wheat and development of a functional marker.after cloning and mapping of wheat tasdr genes, both the functional markers for tasdr - b1 and tavp - 1b were validated, and the distribution of allelic variations at tasdr - b1 locus in the wheat cultivars from 19 countries was characterized. seed dormancy is a major factor associated with pre-harvest sprouting (phs) in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). wheat tasdr genes, orthologs of ossdr4 conferring seed dormancy in rice, were cloned by a comparative genomics approach. they were located o ...201424452439
manipulation of monoubiquitin improves chilling tolerance in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum).ubiquitin (ub) is a multifunctional protein that mainly functions to tag proteins for selective degradation by the 26s proteasome. we cloned an ub gene taub2 from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) previously. to study the function of taub2 in chilling stress, sense and antisense ub transgenic tobacco plants (nicotiana tabacum l.), as well as wild type (wt) and vector control β-glucuronidase (t-gus) plants, were used. under stress, leaf wilting in sense plants was significantly less than in controls, ...201424445300
can citrate efflux from roots improve phosphorus uptake by plants? testing the hypothesis with near-isogenic lines of wheat.phosphorus (p) deficiency in some plant species triggers the release of organic anions such as citrate and malate from roots. these anions are widely suggested to enhance the availability of phosphate for plant uptake by mobilizing sparingly-soluble forms in the soil. carazinho is an old wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivar from brazil, which secretes citrate constitutively from its root apices, and here we show that it also produces relatively more biomass on soils with low p availability than tw ...201424433537
genome-wide transcriptome study in wheat identified candidate genes related to processing quality, majority of them showing interaction (quality x development) and having temporal and spatial distributions.the cultivated bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) possesses unique flour quality, which can be processed into many end-use food products such as bread, pasta, chapatti (unleavened flat bread), biscuit, etc. the present wheat varieties require improvement in processing quality to meet the increasing demand of better quality food products. however, processing quality is very complex and controlled by many genes, which have not been completely explored. to identify the candidate genes whose express ...201424433256
homologous haplotypes, expression, genetic effects and geographic distribution of the wheat yield gene tagw2.tagw2-6a, cloned in earlier research, strongly influences wheat grain width and tkw. here, we mainly analyzed haplotypes of tagw2-6b and their effects on tkw and interaction with haplotypes at tagw2-6a.201424766773
chilling to zero degrees disrupts pollen formation but not meiotic microtubule arrays in triticum aestivum l.throughout the wheat-growing regions of australia, chilling temperatures below 2 °c occur periodically on consecutive nights during the period of floral development in spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in this study, wheat plants showed significant reductions in fertility when exposed to prolonged chilling temperatures in controlled environment experiments. among the cultivars tested, the australian cultivars kite and hartog had among the lowest levels of seed set due to chilling and their re ...201424762030
[cloning and analysis of reverse transcriptase(rt) of ty1-copia retrotransposons in dendrobium officinale].using universal primer ty1-copia retrotransposon rt,43 ty1-copia like retrotransposon rt with high heterogeneity, stop codon mutation and frameshift mutation were amplified by pcr from genomic dna of zhejiang lin'an (c15) and yunnan guangnan (a39) of dendrobium officinale. the length of these sequences varied from 260 to 266 bp, and was rich in at and consistency ranged from 47.1% to 97.7%. different c/s-acting regulatory elements induced by low temperature, heat, light, all kinds of plant growt ...201424761633
a comprehensive genome-wide study on tissue-specific and abiotic stress-specific mirnas in triticum aestivum.productivity of wheat crop is largely dependent on its growth and development that, in turn, is mainly regulated by environmental conditions, including abiotic stress factors. mirnas are key regulators of gene expression networks involved in diverse aspects of development and stress responses in plants. using high-throughput sequencing of eight small rna libraries prepared from diverse abiotic stresses and tissues, we identified 47 known mirnas belonging to 20 families, 49 true novel and 1030 ca ...201424759739
impact of wheat-leymus racemosus added chromosomes on wheat adaptation and tolerance to heat stress.adaptation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to high temperatures could be improved by introducing alien genes from wild relatives. we evaluated the responses of wheat-leymus racemosus chromosome introgression lines to high temperature to determine their potentiality for developing improved wheat cultivars. introgression lines and their parent chinese spring were evaluated in a growth chamber at the seedling stage and in the field at the reproductive stage in two heat-stressed environments in suda ...201424757384
contribution of predator identity to the suppression of herbivores by a diverse predator assemblage.studies manipulating predator diversity and measuring the impact on herbivore abundance have found that enhancing predator species richness often increases the strength of prey suppression. this relationship may be due to mechanisms such as complementarity or facilitation, which are considered "true" benefits of diversity because greater prey suppression is an emergent property of the multispecies predator community. or it may be due to an identity effect, an "apparent" benefit of diversity that ...201424755243
transcriptome-wide identification of bread wheat wrky transcription factors in response to drought stress.the wrky superfamily of transcription factors was shown to be involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants such as wheat (triticum aestivum l.), one of the major crops largely cultivated and consumed all over the world. drought is an important abiotic stress resulting in a considerable amount of loss in agronomical yield. therefore, identification of drought responsive wrky members in wheat has a profound significance. here, a total of 160 tawrky proteins were characterized accordin ...201424748053
three-dimensional modeling and diversity analysis reveals distinct avr recognition sites and evolutionary pathways in wild and domesticated wheat pm3 r genes.the pm3 gene confers resistance against wheat powdery mildew. studies of pm3 diversity have shown that pm3 alleles isolated from southern populations of wild emmer wheat located in lebanon, jordan, israel, and syria are more diverse and more distant from bread wheat alleles than alleles from the northern wild wheat populations located in turkey, iran, and iraq. therefore, southern populations from israel were studied extensively to reveal novel pm3 alleles that are absent from the cultivated gen ...201424742072
introgression of a 4d chromosomal fragment into durum wheat confers aluminium tolerance.aluminium (al(3+)) inhibits root growth of sensitive plant species and is a key factor that limits durum wheat (triticum turgidum) production on acid soils. the aim of this study was to enhance the al(3+) tolerance of an elite durum cultivar by introgression of a chromosomal fragment from hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) that possesses an al(3+) tolerance gene.201424737716
micrornas involving in cold, wounding and salt stresses in triticum aestivum l.micrornas (mirnas) play critical roles in post-transcriptional regulation and act as important endogenous regulators to various stresses. cold, wounding and high-salinity are three common environmental stress stimuli influencing crops growth and development. in this study, we identified 31 known mirnas and 3 novel mirnas in wheat. moreover, 19 stress-regulated mirnas using rt-qpcr data in which the effects of three stresses were surveyed from the known mirnas. among them, 16, 12 and 8 mirnas wer ...201424735552
nutrient variability in phloem: examining changes in k, mg, zn and fe concentration during grain loading in common wheat (triticum aestivum).in wheat, nutrients are transported to seeds via the phloem yet access to this vascular tissue for exudate collection and quantitative analysis of elemental composition is difficult. the purest phloem is collected through the use of aphid stylectomy with volumes of exudate collected normally in the range of 20-500 nl. in this work a new method using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (icp-ms) was developed to measure the concentration of k, mg, zn and fe in volumes of wheat (triticum a ...201424735095
identification and characterization of micrornas in the flag leaf and developing seed of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).micrornas (mirnas) regulate various biological processes in plants. considerable data are available on mirnas involved in the development of rice, maize and barley. in contrast, little is known about mirnas and their functions in the development of wheat. in this study, five small rna (srna) libraries from wheat seedlings, flag leaves, and developing seeds were developed and sequenced to identify mirnas and understand their functions in wheat development.201424734873
exogenous jasmonic acid can enhance tolerance of wheat seedlings to salt stress.jasmonic acid (ja) is regarded as endogenous regulator that plays an important role in regulating stress responses, plant growth and development. to investigate the physiological mechanisms of salt stress mitigated by exogenous ja, foliar application of 2mm ja was done to wheat seedlings for 3days and then they were subjected to 150mm nacl. our results showed that 150mm nacl treatment significantly decreased plant height, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, the concentration of gluta ...201424726929
patterns of homoeologous gene expression shown by rna sequencing in hexaploid bread wheat.bread wheat (triticum aestivum) has a large, complex and hexaploid genome consisting of a, b and d homoeologous chromosome sets. therefore each wheat gene potentially exists as a trio of a, b and d homoeoloci, each of which may contribute differentially to wheat phenotypes. we describe a novel approach combining wheat cytogenetic resources (chromosome substitution 'nullisomic-tetrasomic' lines) with next generation deep sequencing of gene transcripts (rna-seq), to directly and accurately identif ...201424726045
genetic diversity and population structure analysis of european hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties.progress in plant breeding is facilitated by accurate information about genetic structure and diversity. here, diversity array technology (dart) was used to characterize a population of 94 bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties of mainly european origin. in total, 1,849 of 7,000 tested markers were polymorphic and could be used for population structure analysis. two major subgroups of wheat varieties, gri and grii, were identified using the program structure, and confirmed by principal com ...201424718292
snp discovery for mapping alien introgressions in wheat.monitoring alien introgressions in crop plants is difficult due to the lack of genetic and molecular mapping information on the wild crop relatives. the tertiary gene pool of wheat is a very important source of genetic variability for wheat improvement against biotic and abiotic stresses. by exploring the 5mg short arm (5mgs) of aegilops geniculata, we can apply chromosome genomics for the discovery of snp markers and their use for monitoring alien introgressions in wheat (triticum aestivum l).201424716476
cloning and characterization of tapp2abb"-α, a member of the pp2a regulatory subunit in wheat.protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a), a major serine/threonine protein phosphatase, consists of three subunits; a highly conserved structural subunit a, a catalytic subunit c, and a highly variable regulatory subunit b which determines the substrate specificity. although the functional mechanism of pp2a in signaling transduction in arabidopsis is known, their physiological roles in wheat remain to be characterized. in this study, we identified a novel regulatory subunit b, tapp2abb"-α, in wheat (tritic ...201424709994
characterization of a wheat pathogenesis-related protein, tabwpr-1.2, in seminal roots in response to waterlogging stress.we examined the role of pathogenesis-related protein tabwpr-1.2 in the context of molecular and physiological responses of wheat (triticum aestivum) seminal roots under waterlogging stress. two cdnas corresponding to the tabwpr-1.2 gene, tabwpr-1.2#2 and tabwpr-1.2#13 were cloned from seminal roots. these cdnas were predicted to encode proteins of 173 and 172 amino acids, respectively. in a time-course experiment, tabwpr-1.2 gene expression was highest in whole seminal roots after 1 day of water ...201424709151
central role of the flowering repressor zcct2 in the redox control of freezing tolerance and the initial development of flower primordia in wheat.as both abiotic stress response and development are under redox control, it was hypothesised that the pharmacological modification of the redox environment would affect the initial development of flower primordia and freezing tolerance in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).201424708599
development and discrimination of 12 double ditelosomics in tetraploid wheat cultivar dr147.as an important group in triticum, tetraploid wheat plays a significant role in the research of wheat evolution. several complete aneuploid sets of common wheat have provided valuable tools for genetic and breeding studies, while similar aneuploids of tetraploid wheat are still not well developed. here, 12 double ditelosomics developed in triticum turgidum l. var. durum cultivar dr147 (excluding ddt2b and ddt3a) were reported. hybrids between dr147 and the original double-ditelosomic ddt2b of la ...201424702066
increased micronutrient content (zn, mn) in the 3m(b)(4b) wheat - aegilops biuncialis substitution and 3m(b).4bs translocation identified by gish and fish.3m(b) triticum aestivum l. (mv9kr1) - aegilops biuncialis vis. (mvgb642) addition lines were crossed with the chinese spring ph1b mutant genotype (csph1b) to produce 3m(b)-wheat chromosome rearrangements. in the f3 generation, 3m(b)(4b) substitution lines and 3m(b).4bs centric fusions were identified with in situ hybridization using repetitive and genomic dna probes, and with ssr markers. grain micronutrient analysis showed that the investigated ae. biuncialis accession mvgb382 and the parental ...201424702063
effect of pre-harvest sprouting on physicochemical properties of starch in wheat.pre-harvest sprouting (phs) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) occurs when physiologically mature kernels begin germinating in the spike. the objective of this study was to provide fundamental information on physicochemical changes of starch due to phs in hard red spring (hrs) and hard white spring (hws) wheat. the mean values of α-amylase activity of non-sprouted and sprouted wheat samples were 0.12 cu/g and 2.00 cu/g, respectively. sprouted samples exhibited very low peak and final viscosities co ...201428234313
acute toxicity test of a natural iron chelator and an antioxidant, extracted from triticum aestivum linn. (wheat grass).triticum aestivum (wheat grass) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. previously the purified compounds and crude extract of t. aestivum were established to have iron chelation potency and antioxidant activity. so it is necessary to evaluate the toxic properties of any compound isolated from plant extract to prevent any untoward side effects. the aim of this study was to determine the acute oral toxicity level of our purified compounds, i.e. mugineic acids and methylp ...201424697628
comparative analysis of physio-biochemical responses to cold stress in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat.the cellular changes induced by cold stress (cs) include responses that lead to oxidative stress and limits plant growth, metabolism, and productivity. in this study, responses of physio-biochemical to cs phases were comparatively studied in three genotypes of bread and durum wheats differing in sensitivity, two of them (norstar, bread wheat and gerdish, durum wheat) were tolerant to cs and the other one, srn (durum wheat) was sensitive to cs. 14-day-old seedlings were subjected to cs (12 and 24 ...201424691928
growth inhibitory and adjuvant therapeutic potential of aqueous extract of triticum aestivum on mcf-7 and hela cells.the purpose of the present study is to evaluate the potent growth inhibitory effects of aqueous wheatgrass extract (awe) alone and in combination with cisplatin on human breast and cervical cancer cells.201424691278
adventitious roots of wheat seedlings that emerge in oxygen-deficient conditions have increased root diameters with highly developed lysigenous aerenchyma.exposing roots of plants to hypoxic conditions is known to greatly improve their anoxic stress tolerance. we previously showed that pre-treatment of wheat seedlings with an ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (acc), enhanced their tolerance of oxygen-deficient conditions. although acc-pretreated seminal roots of wheat seedlings grown under oxygen-deficient conditions avoided root tip death, they elongated very little. in the present study, we assessed the effects of ethylene o ...201424690588
comparative changes in the antioxidant system in the flag leaf of early and normally senescing near-isogenic lines of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the antioxidant system was significantly inhibited in the early aging line than the near-isogenic normal aging line during senescence. the antioxidant system plays pivotal roles in removal of reactive oxygen species (ros) produced during leaf senescence. to explore its roles in leaf senescence of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the concentrations of antioxidants, activities, and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes were evaluated in flag leaves of the early aging line (eal) and the near-isogenic ...201424687459
integrative network analysis of the signaling cascades in seedling leaves of bread wheat by large-scale phosphoproteomic profiling.here, we conducted the first large-scale leaf phosphoproteome analysis of two bread wheat cultivars by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. altogether, 1802 unambiguous phosphorylation sites representing 1175 phosphoproteins implicated in various molecular functions and cellular processes were identified by gene ontology enrichment analysis. among the 1175 phosphoproteins, 141 contained 3-10 phosphorylation sites. the phosphorylation sites were located more frequently in the n- and c- ...201424679076
uptake of a cyanotoxin, β-n-methylamino-l-alanine, by wheat (triticum aestivum).in order to study the uptake of the cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-n-methylamino-l-alanine (bmaa) into the crop plant triticum aestivum during germination and primary growth imbibed grains and 7-day-old seedlings were irrigated with 100 and 1000µg l(-1) bmaa for 4 days and 100µg l(-1) bmaa for 28 days. content of derivatized free and protein-associated bmaa in seedlings, root and shoot tissue, respectively, were analyzed by lc-ms/ms. free bmaa was only detected in seedlings exposed to 1000µg l(-1) ...201424675440
alkali-induced changes in functional properties and in vitro digestibility of wheat starch: the role of surface proteins and lipids.the bread wheat starch was treated with 0.025 and 0.0625 m naoh solution for 1, 2, and 3 weeks at 30 °c, and the changes in functionality and in vitro digestibility were evaluated. naoh treatment reduced protein and lipid contents of wheat starch from 0.46 to 0.20% and from 0.59 to 0.25%, respectively. no significant changes were observed in the amylose content, relative crystallinity, and short-range order of double helices, but there was evidence showing that morphology of some starch granules ...201424670231
ethylene negatively regulates aluminium-induced malate efflux from wheat roots and tobacco cells transformed with taalmt1.an important mechanism for al(3+) tolerance in wheat is exudation of malate anions from the root apex through activation of malate-permeable taalmt1 channels. here, the effect of ethylene on al(3+)-activated efflux of malate was investigated using al(3+)-tolerant wheat genotype et8, which has high expression of taalmt1. exposure of et8 plants to al(3+) enhanced ethylene evolution in root apices. treatment with the ethylene synthesis precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) and ethyl ...201424668874
identification and characterization of a subset of micrornas in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).micrornas (mirnas) represent a class of endogenous regulator for post-transcriptionally modulating gene expression. elucidating complete mirna repertoires for individual species is a long-desired goal in mirna research. so far only 42 have been annotated for common wheat (triticum aestivum) due to its large genome. here, we employed mirdeep-p, a program developed previously for retrieving mirnas from deep sequencing data in plants, to parse 14 sequenced small rna libraries of wheat using express ...201424667243
antixenosis resistance to oulema melanopus (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in central asian wheat germplasm.abstract the cereal leaf beetle, oulema melanopus (l.) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), which is eurasian in origin, is an emerging pest of agriculturally important cereal crops in western canada, including wheat, oat, and barley. among these crops, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) has the highest number of resistant genotypes to o. melanopus infestation. here we explored six genotypes from central asia with putative resistance to the beetle in comparison with a widely grown canadian wheat variety. we n ...201424665727
hormesis and paradoxical effects of wheat seedling (triticum aestivum l.) parameters upon exposure to different pollutants in a wide range of doses.chlorophyll and carotenoid content (chcar), lipid peroxidation (lp) and growth parameters (gp) in plants are often used for environmental pollution estimation. however, the nonmonotonic dose-response dependences (hormesis and paradoxical effects) of these indices are insufficiently explored following exposure to different pollutants. in this experiment, we studied nonmonotonic changes in chcar, lp, gp in wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) upon exposure to lead, cadmium, copper, manganese, fo ...201424659937
symplastic and apoplastic uptake and root to shoot translocation of nickel in wheat as affected by exogenous amino acids.this study investigated the effect of exogenous amino acids on apoplastic and symplastic uptake and root to shoot translocation of nickel (ni) in two wheat cultivars. seedlings of a bread (triticum aestivum cv. back cross) and a durum wheat cultivar (t. durum cv. durum) were grown in a modified johnson nutrient solution and exposed to two levels (50 and 100 μm) of histidine, glycine, and glutamine. application of amino acids resulted in increasing symplastic to apoplastic ni ratio in roots of bo ...201424655389
haplotype variation of green revolution gene rht-d1 during wheat domestication and improvement.green revolution made a substantial contribution to wheat yields worldwide in the 1960s and 1970s. it is of great importance to analyze the haplotype variation of rht-d1, the green revolution gene, during wheat (triticum aestivum l.) domestication and breeding to understand its evolution and function in wheat breeding history. in this study, the rht-d1 and its flanking regions were sequenced and single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected based on a panel of 45 accessions of aegilops tauschii, ...201424645900
a role for barley cryptochrome1 in light regulation of grain dormancy and germination.it is well known that abscisic acid (aba) plays a central role in the regulation of seed dormancy and that transcriptional regulation of genes encoding aba biosynthetic and degradation enzymes is responsible for determining aba content. however, little is known about the upstream signaling pathways impinging on transcription to ultimately regulate aba content or how environmental signals (e.g., light and cold) might direct such expression in grains. our previous studies indicated that light is a ...201424642944
pi3k is involved in nucleolar structure and function on root-tip meristematic cells of triticum aestivum l.in this study, wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seeds were used to detect the effect of wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of pi3k, on the nucleolar structure and function. when the germinated seeds were treated with wortmannin, it was shown that the root growth was suppressed and the mitotic index was decreased. the inhibition effects were positively correlated with the concentrations of the drug. the observations of light and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nucleolar morphology be ...201424642039
characterization of novel wheat nbs domain-containing sequences and their utilization, in silico, for genome-scale r-gene mining.in crop improvement, the isolation, cloning and transfer of disease resistance genes (r-genes) is an ultimate goal usually starting from tentative r-gene analogs (rgas) that are identified on the basis of their structure. for bread wheat, recent advances in genome sequencing are supporting the efforts of wheat geneticists worldwide. among wheat r-genes, nucleotide-binding site (nbs)-encoding ones represent a major class. in this study, we have used a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to a ...201424638930
mapping quantitative trait loci with additive effects and additive x additive epistatic interactions for biomass yield, grain yield, and straw yield using a doubled haploid population of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).biomass yield is one of the most important traits for wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-breeding programs. increasing the yield of the aerial parts of wheat varieties will be an integral component of future wheat improvement; however, little is known regarding the genetic control of aerial part yield. a doubled haploid population, comprising 168 lines derived from a cross between two winter wheat cultivars, 'huapei 3' (hp3) and 'yumai 57' (ym57), was investigated. quantitative trait loci (qtl) for to ...201424634240
characterization of the liposoluble fraction of common wheat (triticum aestivum) and spelt (t. aestivum ssp. spelta) flours using multivariate analysis.in the present paper, a special method for derivatization of liposoluble extract of common wheat and spelt flours was employed which enables simultaneous detection of fatty acid and non-saponifiable lipid fractions.201424633679
characterization of a new wheat-aegilops biuncialis addition line conferring quality-associated hmw glutenin subunits.in this study, a new disomic addition line, 12-5-2, with 44 chromosomes that was derived from bc3f2 descendants of the hybridization between triticum aestivum cv. cn19 and aegilops biuncialis was created and reported. 12-5-2 was immune to both powdery mildew and stripe rust and has stable fertility. fluorescence in situ hybridization and c-banding revealed that 12-5-2 was a 1u(b) disomic addition line (adl1u(b)). the seed storage protein electrophoresis showed that 12-5-2 presented all high mole ...201424615031
sequencing of chloroplast genomes from wheat, barley, rye and their relatives provides a detailed insight into the evolution of the triticeae tribe.using roche/454 technology, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of 12 triticeae species, including bread wheat, barley and rye, as well as the diploid progenitors and relatives of bread wheat triticum urartu, aegilops speltoides and ae. tauschii. two wild tetraploid taxa, ae. cylindrica and ae. geniculata, were also included. additionally, we incorporated wild einkorn wheat triticum boeoticum and its domesticated form t. monococcum and two hordeum spontaneum (wild barley) genotypes. chloroplast ...201424614886
sterol binding by methyl-β-cyclodextrin and nystatin--comparative analysis of biochemical and physiological consequences for plants.the dependence of membrane function on its sterol component has been intensively studied with model lipids and isolated animal membranes, but to a much lesser extent with plant membranes. depleting membrane sterols could be predicted to have a strong effect on membrane activity and have harmful physiological consequences. in this study, we characterized membrane lipid composition, membrane permeability for ions, some physiological parameters, such as h2o2 accumulation, formation of autophagosoma ...201424612537
role of triticum aestivum aqueous extract in glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis in rats.administration of aqueous extract of t. aestivum (200 and 400 mg/kg/day, po, for 30 days) and risedronate (20 microg/kg, sc, five times a week for 30 days) following methyl prednisolone sodium succinate (10 mg/kg, sc, thrice a week for 4 weeks) induced osteoporosis in wistar rats showed an increase in the serum levels of bone mineral content markers, decrease in the serum and urinary levels of bone resorption markers. an incline in strength of femur and tibia was seen particularly with 400 mg/kg ...201424597148
genetic rearrangements of six wheat-agropyron cristatum 6p addition lines revealed by molecular markers.agropyron cristatum (l.) gaertn. (2n = 4x = 28, pppp) not only is cultivated as pasture fodder but also could provide many desirable genes for wheat improvement. it is critical to obtain common wheat-a. cristatum alien disomic addition lines to locate the desired genes on the p genome chromosomes. comparative analysis of the homoeologous relationships between the p genome chromosome and wheat genome chromosomes is a key step in transferring different desirable genes into common wheat and produci ...201424595330
effect of high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition in common wheat on dough properties and steamed bread quality.steamed bread is a popular staple food in asia with different flour quality requirements from pan bread. little is known about how glutenin characteristics affect steamed bread quality. this work investigated how deletions of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) influence gluten properties and chinese steamed bread quality using 16 wheat lines grown in texas.201424591045
molecular characterization of the citrate transporter gene tamate1 and expression analysis of upstream genes involved in organic acid transport under al stress in bread wheat (triticum aestivum).in bread wheat, besides malate, the importance of citrate efflux for al tolerance has also been reported. for better understanding the al tolerance mechanism in bread wheat, here, we performed both a molecular characterization of the citrate transporter gene tamate1 and an investigation on the upstream variations in citrate and malate transporter genes. tamate1 belong to multidrug transporter protein family, which are located on the long arm of homoeologous group 4 chromosomes (tamate1-4a, tamat ...201424588850
influence of defatted soy flour addition on the quality and stability of pretzel type product.effect of soya flour addition to 70% extraction bread wheat flour (pbw-343) at (0, 5, 10, 20 & 30%) was investigated for physico-chemical, dough handling and pretzel making properties. results revealed that with increasing dsf addition, farinogram characteristics; water absorption, arrival time, dough development time and dough stability increased while mixing tolerance index and degree of softening decreased. amylogram characteristics gelatinization temperature, peak viscosity, peak temperature ...201424587534
dynamics of rhizosphere properties and antioxidative responses in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under cadmium stress.in this study, we performed a rhizobox experiment to examine the dynamic changes in the rhizosphere properties and antioxidant enzyme responses of triticum aestivum l. under three levels of cadmium stress. a set of micro-techniques (i.e., rhizobox and rhizon sms) were applied for the dynamically non-destructive collection of the rhizosphere soil solution to enable the observation at a high temporal resolution. the dynamics of soluble cadmium and dissolved organic carbon (doc) in the rhizosphere ...201424580822
isolation and characterization of a wheat--psathyrostachys huashanica 'keng' 3ns disomic addition line with resistance to stripe rust.we isolated a wheat germplasm line, 22-2, which was derived from common wheat (triticum aestivum '7182') and psathyrostachys huashanica 'keng' (2n = 2x = 14, nsns). genomic composition and homoeologous relationships of 22-2 was analyzed using cytology, genomic in situ hybridization (gish), est-ssr, and est-sts to characterize the alien chromatin in the transfer line. the cytological investigations showed that the chromosome number and configuration were 2n = 44 = 22 ii. mitotic and meiotic gish ...201424564214
abnormal mitosis induced by wheat-rye 1r monosomic addition lines.octoploid triticale were derived from common wheat (triticum aestivum l. 'mianyang11') × rye (secale cereale l. 'kustro'), and some progeny were obtained by the backcrossing of triticale with 'mianyang11' followed by self-fertilization. in situ hybridization using rye genomic dna and repetitive sequences pas1 and psc119.2 as probes was used to analyze the mitotic chromosomes of these progeny. three wheat-rye 1r monosomic addition lines and a wheat line (12ft-1685) containing a 1r and a 1bl.1rs t ...201424564212
waterlogging and nitric oxide induce gene expression and increase antioxidant enzyme activity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).the effects of waterlogging (wl) and wl plus nitric oxide (wl+no) were investigated in seedlings of one wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum cv. dogankent) and one wheat line (triticum aestivum cv. ducula-4). under wl conditions, catalase activity was greater in ducula-4 than in dogankent. glutathione reductase activity increased in ducula-4 seedlings under wl+no conditions, especially at 48 and 72 hours of treatment. myb2 expression increased during the early hours of treatment in both wheat vari ...201424561894
transcript suppression of tagw2 increased grain width and weight in bread wheat.bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a major staple crop in the world. grain weight is a major factor of grain yield in wheat, and the identification of candidate genes associated with grain weight is very important for high-yield breeding of wheat. tagw2 is an orthologous gene of rice osgw2 that negatively regulates the grain width and weight in rice. there are three tagw2 homoeologs in bread wheat, tagw2a, tagw2b, and tagw2d. in this study, a specific tagw2-rna interference (rnai) cassette wa ...201424890396
root exudation of phytosiderophores from soil-grown wheat.for the first time, phytosiderophore (ps) release of wheat (triticum aestivum cv tamaro) grown on a calcareous soil was repeatedly and nondestructively sampled using rhizoboxes combined with a recently developed root exudate collecting tool. as in nutrient solution culture, we observed a distinct diurnal release rhythm; however, the measured ps efflux was c. 50 times lower than ps exudation from the same cultivar grown in zero iron (fe)-hydroponic culture. phytosiderophore rhizosphere soil solut ...201424890330
cold priming drives the sub-cellular antioxidant systems to protect photosynthetic electron transport against subsequent low temperature stress in winter wheat.low temperature seriously depresses the growth of wheat through inhibition of photosynthesis, while earlier cold priming may enhance the tolerance of plants to subsequent low temperature stress. here, winter wheat plants were firstly cold primed (5.2 °c lower temperature than the ambient temperature, viz., 10.0 °c) at the zadoks growth stage 28 (i.e. re-greening stage, starting on 20th of march) for 7 d, and after 14 d of recovery the plants were subsequently subjected to a 5 d low temperature s ...201424887010
whole-genome discovery of mirnas and their targets in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).micrornas (mirnas) are small, non-coding rnas playing essential roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. sequencing of small rnas is a starting point for understanding their number, diversity, expression and possible roles in plants.201424885911
wheat in the mediterranean revisited--tetraploid wheat landraces assessed with elite bread wheat single nucleotide polymorphism markers.single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) panels recently developed for the assessment of genetic diversity in wheat are primarily based on elite varieties, mostly those of bread wheat. the usefulness of such snp panels for studying wheat evolution and domestication has not yet been fully explored and ascertainment bias issues can potentially affect their applicability when studying landraces and tetraploid ancestors of bread wheat. we here evaluate whether population structure and evolutionary histo ...201424885044
differential expression of molybdenum transport and assimilation genes between two winter wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum).molybdenum (mo) is an essential trace element for higher plants. winter wheat cultivar 97003 has a higher mo efficiency than 97014 under mo-deficiency stress. mo efficiency is related to mo uptake, transfer and assimilation in plants. several genes are involved in regulating mo uptake, transfer and assimilation in plants. to obtain a better understanding of the aforementioned difference in mo uptake, we have conducted a hydroponic trail to investigate the expression of genes related to mo uptake ...201424880579
cytoplasmic effects on dna methylation between male sterile lines and the maintainer in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).male sterile cytoplasm plays an important role in hybrid wheat, and three-line system including male sterile (a line), its maintainer (b line) and restoring (r line) has played a major role in wheat hybrid production. it is well known that dna methylation plays an important role in gene expression regulation during biological development in wheat. however, no reports are available on dna methylation affected by different male sterile cytoplasms in hybrid wheat. we employed a methylation-sensitiv ...201424875418
α-amylase from wheat (triticum aestivum) seeds: its purification, biochemical attributes and active site studies.glycosylated α-amylase from germinated wheat seeds (triticum aestivum) has been purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity with a final specific activity of 1,372 u/mg. the enzyme preparation when analysed on sds-page, displayed a single protein band with mr 33 kda; superdex 200 column showed mr of 32 kda and ms/ms analysis further provided support for these values. the enzyme displayed its optimum catalytic activity at ph 5.0 and 68 °c with an activation energy of 6.66 kcal/mol and q10 1. ...201424874349
the wheat aquaporin gene taaqp7 confers tolerance to cold stress in transgenic tobacco.aquaporin proteins (aqps) have been shown to be involved in abiotic stress responses. however, the precise role of aqps, especially in response to cold stress, is not understood in wheat (triticum aestivum). in the present study, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) analysis revealed that taaqp7 expression increased in leaves, but decreased in roots after cold treatment. expression of taaqp7 in tobacco plants resulted in increased root elongation and better growth compared ...201424873035
genetic control of grain yield and grain physical characteristics in a bread wheat population grown under a range of environmental conditions.genetic analysis of the yield and physical quality of wheat revealed complex genetic control, including strong effects of photoperiod-sensitivity loci. environmental conditions such as moisture deficit and high temperatures during the growing period affect the grain yield and grain characteristics of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the aim of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (qtl) for grain yield and grain quality traits using a drysdale/gladius bread wheat mapping population gr ...201424865506
relationship between lutein and mycotoxin content in durum wheat.levels of lutein and a number of mycotoxins were determined in seven varieties of durum wheat (triticum durum) and two varieties of common wheat (triticum aestivum) in order to explore possible relationships amongst these components. durum wheat cultivars always showed both higher lutein and mycotoxin contents than common wheat cultivars. the mycotoxins detected in both common and durum wheat cultivars were produced by the genera fusarium, claviceps, alternaria and aspergillus. fusarium was the ...201424844356
optimization of a biolistic transformation system for transfer of antifreeze gene kn2 and the bar herbicide resistance gene in common wheat.we studied the effects of different media for callus induction and differentiation, and pre-culture period of immature wheat embryo culture on biolistic transformation efficiency for including antifreeze gene kn2 and bar conferring resistance to the herbicide bialaphos. the percentage of plantlets generated from induction and differentiation media without cu2+ was lower than those cultured on differentiation media with cu2+ (71.15%) or induction media with cu2+ (68.45%) and both induction and di ...201424841792
mrna and small rna transcriptomes reveal insights into dynamic homoeolog regulation of allopolyploid heterosis in nascent hexaploid wheat.nascent allohexaploid wheat may represent the initial genetic state of common wheat (triticum aestivum), which arose as a hybrid between triticum turgidum (aabb) and aegilops tauschii (dd) and by chromosome doubling and outcompeted its parents in growth vigor and adaptability. to better understand the molecular basis for this success, we performed mrna and small rna transcriptome analyses in nascent allohexaploid wheat and its following generations, their progenitors, and the natural allohexaplo ...201424838975
readily available phosphorous and nitrogen counteract for arsenic uptake and distribution in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).elevated arsenic content in food crops pose a serious human health risk. apart from rice wheat being another main food crop is possibly cultivated on contaminated sites. but for wheat uptake mechanisms are not entirely understood especially with regard to nutrient fertilization and different moisture regimes taking into account heavy rainfall events due to climate change. here we show that especially higher p-fertilization under changing redox conditions may enhance arsenic uptake. this countera ...201424821134
spatial x-ray fluorescence micro-imaging of minerals in grain tissues of wheat and related genotypes.wheat and its related genotypes show distinct distribution patterns for mineral nutrients in maternal and filial tissues in grains. x-ray-based imaging techniques are very informative to identify genotypes with contrasting tissue-specific localization of different elements. this can help in the selection of suitable genotypes for nutritional improvement of food grain crops. understanding mineral localization in cereal grains is important for their nutritional improvement. spatial distribution of ...201424817589
biolistic transformation of wheat with centrophenoxine as a synthetic auxin.cereal crops, including bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), are an important staple food worldwide. with a growing global population, it is evident that current crop production will not meet the rising demands being placed on modern agriculture. efforts to improve crop yield and stress-tolerance by traditional breeding are labor intensive, time consuming, and highly dependent upon the ability to capture existing and novel genetic variation from a restricted genetic pool. genetic engineering of c ...201424816669
whole-genome profiling and shotgun sequencing delivers an anchored, gene-decorated, physical map assembly of bread wheat chromosome 6a.bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is the most important staple food crop for 35% of the world's population. international efforts are underway to facilitate an increase in wheat production, of which the international wheat genome sequencing consortium (iwgsc) plays an important role. as part of this effort, we have developed a sequence-based physical map of wheat chromosome 6a using whole-genome profiling (wgp™). the bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) contig assembly tools fingerprinted cont ...201424813060
interactive effect of ultraviolet-b and mineral nutrients on accumulation and translocation of trace elements in wheat crop.field study was conducted in two wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l. cv. hd 2329 and huw 234) by supplimenting uv-b irradiation with different levels of mineral nutrients in order to evaluate the accumulation and translocation of trace elements. suv-b significantly affected accumulation and translocation of most of the metals studied. application of nutrients at higher doses enhanced the accumulation of trace elements in plants and grains of both cultivars. a higher dose of nutrient along with ...201424813006
morphological, anatomical, and ultrastructural changes (visualized through scanning electron microscopy) induced in triticum aestivum by pb²⁺ treatment.lead (pb) causes severe damage to crops, ecosystems, and humans, and alters the physiology and biochemistry of various plant species. it is hypothesized that pb-induced metabolic alterations could manifest as structural variations in the roots of plants. in light of this, the morphological, anatomical, and ultrastructural variations (through scanning electron microscopy, sem) were studied in 4-day-old seedlings of triticum aestivum grown under pb stress (0, 8, 16, 40, and 80 mg pb(2+) l(-1); mil ...201424810229
[molecular-genetic polymorphism of wheat cell lines resistant to metabolites of g. graminis var. tritici and osmotic stress].it was analyzed polymorphism of dna loci, flanked by inverted repeats of ltr retrotransposon cassandra, in cell lines of bread wheat, resistant to the metabolites of ophiobolus root rot (g. graminis var. tritici), under osmotic stress and induced from them plant-regenerants. the differences in the polynucleotide sequences of dna at the direct and step cell selection it was identified. assessment of the level of genetic divergence showed that calluses obtained at the direct selection and calluses ...201424791474
[alleles at storage protein loci in triticum spelta l. accessions and their occurrence in related wheats].variation at eight storage protein loci was analyzed in the collection of t. spelta accessions from the national centre of plant genetic resources of ukraine, most of which are european spelts. the analysis allowed identification of seven alleles at the gli-b1 locus, five alleles at the gli-a1 and glu-b1 loci, three alleles at the gli-a3 locus, two at the gli-d1, gli-b5, glu-a1, and glu-d1 loci. the majority of alleles are encountered among common wheat cultivars, only five alleles were specific ...201424791472
toward an understanding of mechanisms involved in non-polyphenol oxidase (non-ppo) darkening in yellow alkaline noodles (yan).asian noodles prepared from bread wheat flour darken over time due to a combination of polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity and non-ppo effects. although the enzymatic mechanism associated with the ppo reaction is well established, the non-ppo component consists of both physical (e.g., changes in surface properties) and chemical reactions. variations in ph and solvents were used to gain a quantitative estimate of the contribution of physical and chemical components to non-ppo darkening in yellow al ...201424784975
oligonucleotides replacing the roles of repetitive sequences pas1, psc119.2, pta-535, pta71, ccs1, and pawrc.1 for fish analysis.hybrids derived from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) × rye (secale cereale l.) have been widely studied because of their important roles in wheat cultivar improvement. repetitive sequences pas1, psc119.2, pta-535, pta71, ccs1, and pawrc.1 are usually used as probes in fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) analysis of wheat, rye, and hybrids derived from wheat × rye. usually, some of these repetitive sequences for fish analysis were needed to be amplified from a bacterial plasmid, extracted from ...201424782110
molecular cytogenetic characterization of a wheat - leymus mollis 3d(3ns) substitution line with resistance to leaf rust.leymus mollis (trin.) pilger (nsnsxmxm, 2n = 28), a wild relative of common wheat, possesses many potentially valuable traits that could be transferred to common wheat during breeding programs. in this study, the karyotypic constitution of a wheat - l. mollis 3d(3ns#1) disomic substitution line isolated from the f5 progeny of octoploid tritileymus m842-16 × triticum durum cv. d4286, which was designated as 10dm57, was determined using genomic in situ hybridization (gish), fluorescent in situ hyb ...201424780618
qtl conferring fusarium crown rot resistance in the elite bread wheat variety ega wylie.fusarium crown rot (fcr) is one of the most damaging cereal diseases in semi-arid regions worldwide. the genetics of fcr resistance in the bread wheat (triticum eastivum l.) variety ega wylie, the most resistant commercial variety available, was studied by qtl mapping. three populations of recombinant inbred lines were developed with this elite variety as the resistant parent. four qtl conferring fcr resistance were detected and resistance alleles of all of them were derived from the resistant p ...201424776887
manganese influx and its utilization efficiency in wheat.manganese deficiency in wheat has become an important nutritional disorder particularly in alkaline calcareous soils where rice-wheat rotation is followed. this experiment was aimed to study the mechanism of mn efficiency during various developmental stages in six wheat cultivars grown at two mn levels viz. 0 and 50 mg mn kg(-1) soil (mnapplied as mnso4 x h20) in pots. the mn vegetative efficiency calculated on the basis of shoot dry weight at anthesis indicated hd 2967 and pbw 550 (bread wheat) ...201424956896
function of wheat ta-unp gene in enhancing salt tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis and rice.based on microarray analysis results of the salt tolerant wheat mutant, we identified and cloned an unknown salt-induced gene ta-unp (triticum aestivum unknown protein). quantitative pcr results revealed that ta-unp expression was induced not only by salt but also by polyethylene glycol, abscisic acid, and other environmental stress factors. under salt stress, transgenic arabidopsis plants that overexpressed ta-unp showed superior physiological properties (content of proline, soluble sugar, mda, ...201424953696
cytogenetic and molecular identification of a wheat-leymus mollis alien multiple substitution line from octoploid tritileymus x triticum durum.leymus mollis (trin.) pilger (nsnsxmxm, 2n = 28), a wild relative of common wheat, possesses many traits that are potentially valuable for wheat improvement. in order to exploit and utilize the useful genes of l. mollis, we developed a multiple alien substitution line, 10dm50, from the progenies of octoploid tritileymus m842-16 x triticum durum cv. d4286. genomic in situ hybridization analysis of mitosis and meiosis (metaphase i), using labeled total dna of psathyrostachys huashanica as probe, s ...201424938601
the effects of chronic gamma irradiation on oxidative stress response and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes in wheat (triticum aestivum).to investigate the mechanisms of adaptation and tolerance to ionizing radiation using chronic radiation in wheat.201424937373
peg-mediated osmotic stress induces premature differentiation of the root apical meristem and outgrowth of lateral roots in wheat.water stress is one of the major environmental stresses causing growth retardation and yield loss of plants. in the past decades, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant protection, and stomatal movement have been extensively studied, but much less attention has been paid to the study of root system reprogramming to maximize water absorption and survival under water stress. here, it is shown that polyethylene glycol (peg)-simulated mild and moderate osmotic stress induced premature differentiation of th ...201424935621
[cloning of tae-mir156 precursor gene and sequence polymorphisms of tae-mir156 targeted taspl17].squamosa-promoter binding protein (sbp)-box genes, encoding plant-specific transcription factors, play an important role in plant development. some members of the sbp-box gene family are regulated by mir156. in this study, we cloned the tae-mir156 precursor gene, which could form a stem loop after its transcription. sequence analysis showed that taspl3 and taspl17 had putative targets of tae-mir156 among the ten wheat sbp-box genes. the diploid donor species of hexaploid common wheat (triticum a ...201424929518
whole-genome qtl analysis for magic.an efficient whole genome method of qtl analysis is presented for multi-parent advanced generation integrated crosses. multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (magic) populations have been developed for mice and several plant species and are useful for the genetic dissection of complex traits. the analysis of quantitative trait loci (qtl) in these populations presents some additional challenges compared with traditional mapping approaches. in particular, pedigree and marker information need ...201424927820
characterization of the multigene family tahkt 2;1 in bread wheat and the role of gene members in plant na(+) and k(+) status.a member of the tahkt2;1 multigene family was previously identified as a na(+) transporter with a possible role in root na(+) uptake. in the present study, the existing full-length cdna of this member was used as a basis to query the international wheat genome survey sequence to identify all members of the tahkt2;1 family. individual tahkt2;1 genes were subsequently studied for gene and predicted protein structures, promoter variability, tissue expression and their role in na(+) and k(+) status ...201424920193
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