Publications

wax d of mycobacterium tuberculosis induced osteomyelitis accompanied by reactive bone formation in buffalo rats.	a suspension of heat-killed mycobacterium tuberculosis in liquid paraffin has been reported to induce foot swelling accompanied by new bone formation in buffalo (buf) rats, which are low responders to the induction of adjuvant arthritis. in the present study, we found that wax d, a mycobacterial cell wall peptidoglycan fragment-arabinogalactan-mycolic acid complex, was an effective component of this bacterium for the induction of osteomyelitis accompanied by reactive bone formation in buf rats. ...	1998	9879920
cutaneous malakoplakia in pigs inoculated with rhodococcus equi.	cutaneous malakoplakia was observed in pigs inoculated intramuscularly with rhodococcus equi strains of intermediate virulence. macroscopically, the inoculation sites showed the indurated swelling of the skin. histopathologically, abscess formation with histiocytic granulomatous reaction was observed. many macrophages contained target or owl-eye shaped hematoxyphil intracytoplasmic inclusions or calcosherites (michaelis-gutmann bodies) of various sizes. the michaelis-gutmann bodies were also see ...	1998	9879924
screening of xenobiotic compounds degrading microorganisms using biosensor techniques.	a screening device based on microorganisms immobilised onto a clark-type oxygen electrode was used to monitor the potential of these microorganisms for the degradation and detection of xenobiotic compounds especially their chlorinated derivatives. the sensitivity and specificity of various species of pseudomonas, sphinomonas, ralstonia, rhodococcus were characterised in relation to xenobiotic compounds by using biosensor techniques. the following groups of xenobiotics were subjects of investigat ...	1998	9880928
[biochemistry and bioactivities of mycobacterial components].	the most characteristic pathological change in mycobacterial infection is caseous necrosis followed by tuberculous cavity formation due to the cellular immunity induced by antigenic proteins and adjuvant active cell wall components. mycobacterial cell well contains unique hydrophobic compounds possessing mycolic acids (a long branched-chain high molecular weight fatty acid) and shows distinctive properties such as acid-fastness and wax-like hydrophobicity. mycobacteria do not produce exotoxin an ...	1998	9883601
rhodococcus equi and nocardia brasiliensis infection of the brain and liver in a patient with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.	resolution of neutropenia is usually followed by resolution of fever in patients with febrile neutropenia. however, in some cases fever continues even when the patient is no longer neutropenic. described here is a case of acute myeloblastic leukemia complicated by brain abscess, pulmonary nodules, and hepatic lesions. the patient's fever had continued after the neutropenia resolved; brain and hepatic cultures grew rhodococcus equi and nocardia brasiliensis. although rhodococcus infections occur ...	1998	9865991
etherolytic cleavage of 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid and 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butyric acid by species of rhodococcus and aureobacterium isolated from an alkaline environment.	bacterial strains were isolated from the concrete rubble of a demolished herbicide production plant. the predominant feature of these strains was the etherolytic cleavage of 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (dcpb)1) and 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butyric acid (mcpb) while liberating 2,4-dichlorophenol (dcp) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenol (mcp) respectively. some of the isolates were identified by 16s rdna sequence analysis and shown to belong to the genera aureobacterium sp. (strain k2-17) and ...	1998	9867509
small genes/gene-products in escherichia coli k-12.	forty-two protein spots of observed m(r) 6-15 kda were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, stained by coomassie blue and subjected to edman microsequencing. all of the proteins could be related back to their encoding open reading frames, thereby vindicating the bioinformatic tools currently utilised in their identification. however, only 14/42 gene-products were expressed as annotated. translation was confirmed for 14 open reading frames with no attributed function (ecogene y-entrie ...	1998	9868784
[rhodococcus equi--new human threat].		1998	9857656
[other infections (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella spp., campylobacter spp., nocardia asteroides, rhodococcus equi and bartonella spp.)].	people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are at increased risk for bacterial infections due to hiv-associated immunologic defects. bacterial infections were found to be, both a predictor of progression to aids and a substantial cause of mortality in pre-aids stages. most bacterial infections are caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, salmonella spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa. rhodococcus equi, nocardia spp., campylobacter spp. and bartonella spp. are less com ...	1998	9859621
cytokine induction in murine macrophages infected with virulent and avirulent rhodococcus equi.	to look for a possible correlation between the virulence of rhodococcus equi and its cytokine-inducing capacity, we evaluated intracellular survival and measured cytokine induction by mouse macrophages infected with a virulent strain containing an 85-kb plasmid and expressing vapa (103+), its avirulent plasmid-cured derivative (103-), and heat-killed 103+ (hk). after incubation with similar numbers of bacteria, macrophages infected with 103- contained significantly more organisms than those infe ...	1998	9573060
chemically emulsified crude oil as substrate for bacterial oxidation: differences in species response.	four bacterial species were tested for their abilities to oxidize alkanes in crude oil in water emulsions. the emulsions were prepared by nonionic sorbitan ester and polyoxyethylene ether surfactants. the oxidation rates were measured as initial attack on the emulsions by resting cells pregrown in crude oil media. the bacteria responded differently and both positive and negative effects of surfactant amendment were observed. the same surfactant affected various bacteria differently and the respo ...	1998	9575027
cloning of new rhodococcus extradiol dioxygenase genes and study of their distribution in different rhodococcus strains.	four extradiol dioxygenase genes which encode enzymes active against catechol and substituted catechols were cloned from two different rhodococcus strains, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. a catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene (edoc) was shown to be identical to the previously described ipbc gene from the isopropylbenzene operon of rhodococcus erythropolis. amino acid sequences deduced from the three other genes (edoa, edob and edod) were shown to have various degrees of homology to dif ...	1998	9579069
recalcitrance of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene to degradation by pure cultures of 1,1-diphenylethylene-degrading aerobic bacteria.	1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (dde) is the peri-chlorinated derivative of 1,1-diphenylethylene (dpe). biodegradation of dde and dpe by bacteria has so far not been shown. pure cultures of aerobic bacteria involved in biodegradation of styrene and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) were therefore screened for their ability to degrade or cometabolize dpe and dde. styrene-metabolizing bacteria (rho-dococcus strains s5 and vlb150) grew with dpe as their sole source of carbon and energy. ...	1998	9581297
in vitro susceptibilities of aerobic and facultative non-spore-forming gram-positive bacilli to hmr 3647 (ru 66647) and 14 other antimicrobials.	the comparative in vitro activity of the ketolide hmr 3647 (ru 66647) and those of structurally related macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin compounds (erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, josamycin, lincomycin, pristinamycin, and quinupristin-dalfopristin) as well as those of benzylpenicillin, doxycycline, vancomycin, teicoplanin, levofloxacin, and rifapentine against 247 aerobic and facultative non-spore-forming gram-positive bacilli were determined by an agar dilution met ...	1998	9593121
transfer of plasmid pto1 from escherichia coli to various representatives of the order actinomycetales by intergeneric conjugation.	plasmid pto1 containing the orit fragment from rk2, the escherichia coli replication function from pbr322, and a dna fragment of actinophage phi c31 with the attachment site was transferred from e. coli s17-1 to strains of the genera actinomadura, arthrobacter, micromonospora, nocardia, rhodococcus, and to 16 strains of the genus streptomyces. the frequency of conjugant formation was 1 x 10(-3)-1 x 10(-5) depending on the strain. hybridization experiments demonstrated that plasmid pto1 integrate ...	1998	9595662
colonic polyps and disseminated infection associated with rhodococcus equi in a patient with aids.		1998	9597270
two nearly identical aromatic compound hydrolase genes in a strong polychlorinated biphenyl degrader, rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	the two 2-hydroxy-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoate (hohd) hydrolase genes, etbd1 and etbd2, were cloned from a strong polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) degrader, rhodococcus sp. strain rha1, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. the etbd2 gene was located in the vicinity of bpha gene homologs and encoded an enzyme whose amino-terminal sequence was very similar to the amino-terminal sequence of the hohd hydrolase which was purified from rha1. using the etbd2 gene fragment as a probe, we cloned the ...	1998	9603807
computation of the electrical double layer properties of semipermeable membranes in multicomponent electrolytes	a methodology is presented for calculating of the surface potential, donnan potential, and ion concentration profiles for semipermeable microbial membranes that is valid for an arbitrary electrolyte composition. this model for surface potential, donnan potential, and charge density was applied to recently reported experimental data for gram-positive bacteria, including bacillus brevis, rhodococcus opacus, rhodococcus erythropolis, and corynebacterium species. these calculations show that previou ...	1998	9603855
the terminal structures of linear plasmids from rhodococcus opacus.	the telomers of several linear plasmids of rhodococcus opacus (formerly nocardia opaca) were studied. the plasmids phg201, phg204 and phg205 carry proteins bound to their ends, as shown by gel retardation experiments. a sequence hybridizing with the terminal sequence of phg207, a recombinant linear plasmid consisting of the left part of phg204 and the right part of phg205, which was analysed in a previous study by the authors, could be detected in all linear plasmids of the wild-type r. opacus s ...	1998	9611802
rhodococcus keratitis.		1998	9613392
rhodococcus equi infection in transplant recipients: case report and review of the literature.	rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic pathogen that usually causes infection in immunocompromised hosts, mainly human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients, yet solid organ transplant recipients may be affected as well. infections in this group of patients have not been sufficiently analyzed.	1998	9484772
bacterial degradation of homo- and heterocyclic aromatic compounds in the presence of soluble/colloidal humic acid.	aqueous association of several organic compounds to aldrich humic acid (aha) was determined by equilibrium dialysis or solubility enhancement. the effect of varying concentrations of aha on chemical degradation was also determined in batch experiments. atrazine and glucose mineralization was greater in the presence of aha and the enhancement was attributed to enhanced cellular uptake. no aha inhibition on naphthalene or quinoline biodegradation was observed.	1998	9491567
characterization of a protocatechuate catabolic gene cluster from rhodococcus opacus 1cp: evidence for a merged enzyme with 4-carboxymuconolactone-decarboxylating and 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone-hydrolyzing activity.	the catechol and protocatechuate branches of the 3-oxoadipate pathway, which are important for the bacterial degradation of aromatic compounds, converge at the common intermediate 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone. a 3-oxoadipate enol-lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme, purified from benzoate-grown cells of rhodococcus opacus (erythropolis) 1cp, was found to have a larger molecular mass under denaturing conditions than the corresponding enzymes previously purified from gamma-proteobacteria. sequencing of the n ...	1998	9495744
evolutionary relationship between chlorocatechol catabolic enzymes from rhodococcus opacus 1cp and their counterparts in proteobacteria: sequence divergence and functional convergence.	biochemical investigations of the muconate and chloromuconate cycloisomerases from the chlorophenol-utilizing strain rhodococcus opacus (erythropolis) 1cp had previously indicated that the chlorocatechol catabolic pathway of this strain may have developed independently from the corresponding pathways of proteobacteria. to test this hypothesis, we cloned the chlorocatechol catabolic gene cluster of strain 1cp by using pcr with primers derived from sequences of n termini and peptides of purified c ...	1998	9495745
thyroid abscess due to rhodococcus equi in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.	a case of thyroid abscess due to rhodococcus equi in an hiv-positive patient with previous pulmonary abscess is reported. rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive rod that can cause infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, though it occurs more frequently in patients with dysfunctional cellular immune systems. several cases of rhodococcus equi infection in persons infected with hiv have been reported. in these patients rhodococcus equi usually invades the lungs, producing pn ...	1998	9512186
characterization of arc, a divergent member of the aaa atpase family from rhodococcus erythropolis.	a gene encoding a aaa atpase was discovered in the 5' region of the second operon of 20 s proteasome subunits in the nocardioform actinomycete rhodococcus erythropolis ni86/21. the gene was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the protein, arc (aaa atpase forming ring-shaped complexes), is a divergent member of the aaa family. the deduced product of the arc gene is 591 residues long (66 kda). the purified protein possesses a low, n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive atpase activity and forms rings of ...	1998	9514743
disseminated rhodococcus equi and nocardia farcinica infection in a patient with sarcoidosis.		1998	9515692
vertebral osteomyelitis due to rhodococcus equi in a liver transplant recipient.	rhodococcus equi is a rare but well-documented cause of cavitary pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. in this report the first case of r. equi infection manifesting as vertebral osteomyelitis is described. a 39-year-old liver transplant recipient presented with recurrent pneumonia and a pleura-based lung abscess and subsequently developed osteomyelitis of the lower thoracic spine. surgical debridement and prolonged treatment with rifabutin and clarithromycin resulted in clinical cure. in the ...	1998	9524854
improved electroporation of rhodococcus equi.	the condition of an electroporation method was re-evaluated for the introduction of foreign plasmid dna into rhodococcus equi. the method is based on an electroporation of the bacteria made competent by culturing in a broth containing glycine and by heat shock at 50 degrees c. transformation of r. equi could be achieved with a chloramphenicol-resistant shuttle vector originating from rhodococcus fascians at an efficiency of about 10(4) transformants/microgram dna. the bacteria were also shown to ...	1998	9524960
hydrogen evolution by direct electron transfer from photosystem i to hydrogenases.	h2 evolution by direct electron transfer from the dithionite-reduced photosystem i (psi) complex to both hydrogenase i and hydrogenase ii from clostridium pasteurianum was observed. evidence indicates that the electron carriers on psi that transfer electrons to hydrogenase in this system are the fa/fb iron-sulfur clusters on the psac polypeptide, the terminal bound electron acceptors in psi. light-dependent h2 evolution was also observed, using high potential electron donors to psi, from a combi ...	1998	9538256
physical and serologic examinations of foals at 30 and 45 days of age for early diagnosis of rhodococcus equi infection on endemically infected farms.	to evaluate results of physical and serologic examinations of foals at 30 and 45 days of age on 3 types of farms with various prevalences of clinical disease (endemic, sporadic, none) caused by rhodococcus equi and to determine whether evaluations were helpful in early diagnosis and control of the disease.	1998	9540867
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of the genome of rhodococcus fascians: genome size and linear and circular replicon composition in virulent and avirulent strains.	total dna of virulent and avirulent strains of rhodococcus fascians was resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) into a discrete number of fragments by digestion with the endonucleases asei and drai. restriction endonucleases paci, pmei, and swai yielded no fragments upon digestion of r. fascians genome, and all the other tested endonucleases recognizing 6 bp released too many fragments. the genome size was 5.6 megabases for the type strain r. fascians dsm 20669, and 5.8 megabases for ...	1998	9541568
characterization of the rrnb operon of the plant pathogen rhodococcus fascians and targeted integrations of exogenous genes at rrn loci.	a 6.0-kb sali dna fragment containing an entire rrna operon (rrnb) was cloned from a cosmid gene bank of the phytopathogenic strain rhodococcus fascians d188. the nucleotide sequence of the 6-kb fragment was determined and had the organization 16s rrna-spacer-23s rrna-spacer-5s rrna without trna-encoding genes in the spacer regions. the 5' and 3' ends of the mature 16s, 23s, and 5s rrnas were determined by alignment with the rrn operons of bacillus subtilis and other gram-positive bacteria. four ...	1998	9546162
[a pulmonary mass with a raging fever].		1998	9551161
degradation of geosmin-like compounds by selected species of gram-positive bacteria.	biodegradation of geosmin produced by streptomyces halstedii (a-1 strain) was investigated using seven gram-positive bacteria. bacterial action on the a-1 extract was followed at 15, 45 and 120 min. bacillus cereus ssp. thuringiensis hd-1, b. cereus 3711 and b. cereus ssp. mycoides 4379 showed no effect. however, arthrobacter atrocyaneus, arth. globiformis, chlorophenolicus n-1053 and rhodococcus maris caused a colour change from blue to yellow (positive reaction). these data suggest that geosmi ...	1998	9569688
[characterization of aldehyde dehydrogenase gene fragment from mung bean vigna radiata using the polymerase chain reaction].	two degenerate oligonucleotide sequence primers and polymerase chain reactions on total dna have been utilized to clone on 651--bp gene fragment coding the central part of amino acid sequence of an earlier unknown aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) from mung bean. the deduced partial amino acid sequence for this aldehyde dehydrogenase shows about 65% sequence identity to aldhs of vibrio cholerae rhodococcus sp., alcaligenes eutrophus and about 45% sequence identity to mammalian aldhs 1 and 2, aldhs o ...	1998	9778740
use of the protective antigen of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and latex agglutination.	to establish a safe and convenient serodiagnostic method for swine erysipelas, a purified protective protein antigen of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which included a large amount of protective protein (64 kda protein), was used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the latex agglutination (la) test. in the elisa, the antisera to four different serovars (1a, 2, 5 and 20) of e. rhusiopathiae exhibit a positive reaction, while antisera to other species of bacteria (listeria monocytogen ...	1998	9780828
isolation of a unique benzothiophene-desulphurizing bacterium, gordona sp. strain 213e (ncimb 40816), and characterization of the desulphurization pathway.	gordona sp. strain 213e (ncimb 40816) grew in pure culture in a mineral salts medium containing fructose as a source of carbon and energy, and benzothiophene (bth) as the sole source of sulphur. during growth a phenolic compound accumulated, as indicated by the production of a blue colour on addition of gibb's reagent. therefore this pathway is analogous to the dibenzothiophene (dbt) desulphurization pathway of rhodococcus sp. strain igts8, in which 2-hydroxybiphenyl accumulates during growth wi ...	1998	9782503
taxonomy and biotransformation activities of some deep-sea actinomycetes.	deep-sea soft sediments from trench systems and depths in the northwestern pacific ocean ranging from less than 300 to 10,897 m in depth have been analyzed for three target genera of actinomycetes: micromonospora, rhodococcus, and streptomyces. only culturable strains, recovered at atmospheric pressure on selective isolation media, have been examined to date. maximum recoveries of culturable bacteria were greater that 10(7)/ml wet g sediment, but actinomycetes comprised a small proportion of thi ...	1998	9783174
[caged compounds].		1998	9788202
rhodococcus equi infections in goats.		1998	9789351
utilization of quinate and p-hydroxybenzoate by actinomycetes: key enzymes and taxonomic relevance.	474 strains of the actinomycete genera streptomyces (including species of the former genera chainia and streptoverticillium), pseudonocardia and micromonospora were examined for their ability to degrade quinate (q) and p-hydroxybenzoate (phb); selected strains were also tested for their capacity to catabolize benzoate (b). whereas in the case of q (5-10 g/l of a mineral salts agar medium) the growth response signalizes assimilation, phb has to be supplied in lower concentration (routinely 0.3 g/ ...	1998	9791947
3-ketosteroid-delta1-dehydrogenase of rhodococcus rhodochrous: sequencing of the genomic dna and hyperexpression, purification, and characterization of the recombinant enzyme.	the gene encoding 3-ketosteroid-delta1-dehydrogenase from rhodococcus rhodochrous was cloned and sequenced. the gene (ksdd) consists of 1,536 nucleotides and encodes an enzyme protein of 511 amino acid residues. the amino terminal methionine residue was deleted in the mature protein. the amino acids involved in the flavin binding site are conserved in the dehydrogenase sequence. the deduced amino acid sequence is highly homologous to that from arthrobacter simplex but less so to that from pseudo ...	1998	9792929
characterization of the basic replicon of rhodococcus plasmid psox and development of a rhodococcus-escherichia coli shuttle vector.	the replication region of a 100-kb desulfurization plasmid (psox) from rhodococcus sp. strain x309 was localized to a 4-kb kpni fragment, and its sequence was determined. the amino acid sequence of one of the predicted open reading frames (orfs) was related to the putative replication (rep) protein sequences of the mycobacterial plr7 family of plasmids. three of the five predicted orf products were identified by radiolabelling with the escherichia coli t7 polymerase/promoter system. in e. coli, ...	1998	9797291
approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.	patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are predisposed to develop a variety of common and uncommon infectious and neoplastic pulmonary diseases. clinical information that can stratify the risk of occurrence of these pulmonary conditions includes: 1) cd4 cell count-the most important determinant; 2) concurrent antimicrobial therapy; 3) prior travel history; 4) known latent infections that may reactivate: and 5) underlying respiratory disease. specific pulmonary diseases are discu ...	1998	9799133
maximization of cholesterol oxidase production by rhodococcus equi no. 23 by using response surface methodology.	medium optimization for the production of cholesterol oxidase (ec 1. 1.3.6) by rhodococcus equi no. 23 was investigated by using response surface methodology and a central composite design. results revealed that cholesterol and yeast extract had positive effects and the interaction between any two of three factors had no significant effect on cholesterol oxidase production. the optimized medium was the basal medium with the addition of 2.30 g/l cholesterol, 8.18 g/l yeast extract and 4.10 ml/l t ...	1998	9799721
uncommon manifestations of opportunistic infections in an hiv infected patient.	a case of an hiv infected patient complicated with penicillium marneffei and rhodococcus equi infection is reported. he presented with chronic ulcer as pyoderma gangrenosum-like on his right calf and submandibular lymphadenitis as scrofuloderma-like. penicillium marneffei and rhodococcus equi were isolated from the ulcer and lymph node respectively.	1998	9803094
[bronchial malacoplakia associated with rhodococcus equi pneumonia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].		1998	9803790
a transcriptional activating region with two contrasting modes of protein interaction.	a c-terminal segment of the yeast activator gal4 manifests two functions: when tethered to dna, it elicits gene activation, and it binds the inhibitor gal80. here we examine the effects on these two functions of cysteine and proline substitutions. we find that, although certain cysteine substitutions diminish interaction with gal80, those substitutions have little effect on the activating function in vivo and interaction with tata box-binding protein (tbp) in vitro. proline substitutions introdu ...	1998	9811836
the rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14 limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase gene encodes an enzyme belonging to a novel class of epoxide hydrolases.	recently, we reported the purification of the novel enzyme limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase involved in limonene degradation by rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme was used to design two degenerate primers at the beginning and the end of the 50 amino acids long stretch. subsequently, the complete limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase gene (lima) was isolated from a genomic library of r. erythropolis dcl14 using a combination of pcr and colony hybridiz ...	1998	9827564
pathogenicity of rhodococcus equi strains possessing virulence-associated 15- to 17-kda and 20-kda antigens: experimental and natural cases in pigs.	the pathogenic role of rhodococcus equi in pigs remains controversial. small numbers of pigs were inoculated intravenously (i.v.), or intramuscularly (i.m.) around the mouth, with a virulent, an intermediately virulent, or an avirulent strain of r. equi and killed 14 days later. none showed clinical signs other than transient fever and weight loss. the virulent and intermediately virulent strains were recovered in culture from various organs and lymph nodes of pigs inoculated i.v., but only from ...	1998	9839201
clostridium difficile associated with acute colitis in mares when their foals are treated with erythromycin and rifampicin for rhodococcus equi pneumonia.	in sweden, mares sometimes develop acute, often fatal, colitis when their foals are treated orally with erythromycin and rifampicin for rhodococcus (r.) equi infection. clostridium (c.) difficile, or its cytotoxin, was demonstrated in faecal samples from 5 of 11 (45%) mares with diarrhoea. by contrast c. difficile was not found in the faecal flora of 12 healthy mares with foals treated for r. equi infection or in 56 healthy mares with healthy untreated foals. no other enteric pathogen was isolat ...	1998	9844966
the catalytic mechanism of amidase also involves nitrile hydrolysis.	the amidase from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1, which hydrolyzes an amide to an acid and ammonium, was surprisingly found to catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of the c-n triple bond in a nitrile to form an acid and ammonium stoichiometrically. the amidase exhibited a km of 3.26 mm for benzonitrile in contrast to that of 0.15 mm for benzamide as the original substrate, but the vmax for benzonitrile was about 116000 of that for benzamide. a mutant amidase containing alanine instead of ser195, which is ...	1998	9845347
the modified beta-ketoadipate pathway in rhodococcus rhodochrous n75: enzymology of 3-methylmuconolactone metabolism.	rhodococcus rhodochrous n75 is able to metabolize 4-methylcatechol via a modified beta-ketoadipate pathway. this organism has been shown to activate 3-methylmuconolactone by the addition of coenzyme a (coa) prior to hydrolysis of the butenolide ring. a lactone-coa synthetase is induced by growth of r. rhodochrous n75 on p-toluate as a sole source of carbon. the enzyme has been purified 221-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic chromatography, gel filtration, and anion-exchange chro ...	1998	9852013
new shuttle vectors for rhodococcus sp. r312 (formerly brevibacterium sp. r312), a nitrile hydratase producing strain.	two shuttle vectors named prc52 (10.7 kb) and prk52 (12.2 kb) carrying chloramphenicol (cm) and chloramphenicol plus kanamycin (km) resistance genes, respectively, were constructed by fusion of a cryptic plasmid pbl13869 (replicon pbl1, 5.8 kb) from brevibacterium lactofermentum atcc13869 with pbr328 e. coli plasmid. transformation of rhodococcus sp. r312 (formerly brevibacterium sp. r312) protoplasts was realised with an efficiency of 28 transformants per micrograms of dna.	1998	9637010
fever of unknown origin and anemia with rhodococcus equi infection in an immunocompetent patient.		1998	9644030
pulmonary infection caused by rhodococcus equi in a kidney and pancreas transplant recipient: a case report.		1998	9645819
detection of virulent rhodococcus equi in tracheal aspirate samples by polymerase chain reaction for rapid diagnosis of r. equi pneumonia in foals.	polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assays were developed to detect virulent rhodococcus equi in transtracheal aspirate samples from sick foals showing respiratory signs. an oligonucleotide primer pair from the sequence of the virulence-associated 15- to 17-kda antigen gene of the virulence plasmid in virulent r. equi was used to amplify a 564 bp region by pcr, and the result was confirmed by southern blot hybridization. no positive reaction was seen in dna from 13 different microorganisms typ ...	1998	9646466
biodegradation of variable-chain-length alkanes at low temperatures by a psychrotrophic rhodococcus sp.	the psychorotrophic rhodococcus sp. strain q15 was examined for its ability to degrade individual n-alkanes and diesel fuel at low temperatures, and its alkane catabolic pathway was investigated by biochemical and genetic techniques. at 0 and 5 degrees c, q15 mineralized the short-chain alkanes dodecane and hexadecane to a greater extent than that observed for the long-chain alkanes octacosane and dotriacontane. q15 utilized a broad range of aliphatics (c10 to c21 alkanes, branched alkanes, and ...	1998	9647833
overexpression of high-molecular-mass nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 in recombinant rhodococcus cells.	high-molecular-mass nitrile hydratase (h-nhase, 530 kda) is a cobalt-containing enzyme produced by rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. for efficient production of h-nhase in r. rhodochrous atcc12674, several plasmids were constructed. the enzyme was produced in the recombinant rhodococcus cells only in the presence of an upstream region (approximately 4 kb) of the h-nhase gene under the control of the promoter for the amidase-nhase gene cluster from rhodococcus sp. n-774. although h-nhase was produced a ...	1998	9650255
the efficiency of different phenol-degrading bacteria and activated sludges in detoxification of phenolic leachates.	phenolic composition, toxicity and biodegradability of three different phenolic leachates/samples was studied. samples a and c were the leachates from the oil-shale industry spent shale dumps at kohtla-järve, estonia. sample b was a laboratory-prepared synthetic mixture of 7 phenolic compounds mimmicking the phenolic composition of the leachate a. toxicity of these 3 samples was analyzed using two photobacterial test (biotox and microtox), daphnia test (daphtoxkit f pulex) and rotifiers' test (r ...	1998	9650267
rhodococcus equi infection of monocytes/macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients and healthy individuals: evaluation of intracellular killing and nitric oxide production.	monocytes/macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients had a defect in their ability to kill rhodococeus equi in vitro, as compared with healthy hiv-seronegative individuals. virulent and avirulent r. equi strains isolated from humans and horses showed no significant intracellular replicative differences within both hiv-positive and -negative monocytes/macrophages. infection with r. equi induced the production of nitric oxide (no) by monocytes/macrophages from healthy in ...	1998	9657316
characterization of proteins utilized in the desulfurization of petroleum products by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.	matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi/tof/ms) with delayed extraction is utilized in linear, reflected-ion and post-source decay (psd) modes to directly characterize enzymes being developed for use in a petroleum desulfurization process. the dna sequence for the genes isolated from rhodococcus sp. strain igts8 that produce three of the four enzymes under study had been previously reported with a discrepancy in residue assignments for one of the enzym ...	1998	9657867
characterization of the maleylacetate reductase maca of rhodococcus opacus 1cp and evidence for the presence of an isofunctional enzyme.	maleylacetate reductases (ec 1.3.1.32) have been shown to contribute not only to the bacterial catabolism of some usual aromatic compounds like quinol or resorcinol but also to the degradation of aromatic compounds carrying unusual substituents, such as halogen atoms or nitro groups. genes coding for maleylacetate reductases so far have been analyzed mainly in chloroaromatic compound-utilizing proteobacteria, in which they were found to belong to specialized gene clusters for the turnover of chl ...	1998	9657989
involvement of a rhamnolipid-producing strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa in the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a bacterial community.	a rhamnolipid-producing strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa gl1 was isolated from a bacterial community growing on a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) as sole carbon source. strain gl1 did not grow on pah but grew on known degradation metabolites of phenanthrene (o-phthalic acid) and of naphthalene (salicylic acid). in co-culture with a phenanthrene-degrading strain, ps. aeruginosa gl1 accelerated the degradation of phenanthrene. strain gl1 was resistant to toxic amphiphilic compoun ...	1998	9674130
biocatalytic sulfur removal from fuels: applicability for producing low sulfur gasoline.	environmental regulations are driving r&d efforts to produce low sulfur fuels, including diesel fuel and gasoline for motor vehicles. biocatalytic sulfur removal from fuels has potential applicability for producing low sulfur gasoline. microbial biocatalysts have been identified that can biotransform sulfur compounds found in fuels, including ones that selectively remove sulfur from dibenzothiophene heterocyclic compounds. most attention is give to the 4s pathway of rhodococcus, which can remove ...	1998	9675512
purification and characterization of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13259 and cloning and sequencing of its cata gene.	a method was developed for the purification of catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase from rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13259 that had been grown in the presence of benzyl alcohol. the enzyme has very similar apparent km (1-2 microm) and vmax (13-19 units/mg of protein) values for the intradiol cleavage of catechol, 3-methylcatechol and 4-methylcatechol and it is optimally active at ph9. cross-linking studies indicate that the enzyme is a homodimer. it contains 0.6 atoms of fe per subunit. the enzyme was cr ...	1998	9677336
vapa-negative rhodococcus equi in a dog with necrotizing pyogranulomatous hepatitis, osteomyelitis, and myositis.		1998	9683085
isolation and characterization of a bacterium possessing a novel aldoxime-dehydration activity and nitrile-degrading enzymes.	a bacterial strain capable of utilizing e-pyridine-3-aldoxime as a nitrogen source was isolated from soil after a 4-month acclimation period and was identified as rhodococcus sp. the strain contained a novel aldoxime dehydration activity that catalyzed a stoichiometric dehydration of e-pyridine-3-aldoxime to form 3-cyanopyridine. the enzyme activity was induced by various aldoximes and nitriles. the strain metabolized the aldoxime as follows: e-pyridine-3-aldoxime was dehydrated to form 3-cyanop ...	1998	9683644
a glutathione s-transferase with activity towards cis-1, 2-dichloroepoxyethane is involved in isoprene utilization by rhodococcus sp. strain ad45.	rhodococcus sp. strain ad45 was isolated from an enrichment culture on isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene). isoprene-grown cells of strain ad45 oxidized isoprene to 3,4-epoxy-3-methyl-1-butene, cis-1, 2-dichloroethene to cis-1,2-dichloroepoxyethane, and trans-1, 2-dichloroethene to trans-1,2-dichloroepoxyethane. isoprene-grown cells also degraded cis-1,2-dichloroepoxyethane and trans-1, 2-dichloroepoxyethane. all organic chlorine was liberated as chloride during degradation of cis-1,2-dichloroepox ...	1998	9687433
acyl transfer activity of an amidase from rhodococcus sp. strain r312: formation of a wide range of hydroxamic acids.	the enantioselective amidase from rhodococcus sp. strain r312 was produced in escherichia coli and was purified in one chromatographic step. this enzyme was shown to catalyze the acyl transfer reaction to hydroxylamine from a wide range of amides. the optimum working ph values were 7 with neutral amides and 8 with alpha-aminoamides. the reaction occurred according to a ping pong bi bi mechanism. the kinetic constants demonstrated that the presence of a hydrophobic moiety in the carbon side chain ...	1998	9687439
degradation of 1,3-dichloropropene by pseudomonas cichorii 170.	the gram-negative bacterium pseudomonas cichorii 170, isolated from soil that was repeatedly treated with the nematocide 1, 3-dichloropropene, could utilize low concentrations of 1, 3-dichloropropene as a sole carbon and energy source. strain 170 was also able to grow on 3-chloroallyl alcohol, 3-chloroacrylic acid, and several 1-halo-n-alkanes. this organism produced at least three different dehalogenases: a hydrolytic haloalkane dehalogenase specific for haloalkanes and two 3-chloroacrylic acid ...	1998	9687453
microcosm enrichment of biphenyl-degrading microbial communities from soils and sediments.	a microcosm enrichment approach was employed to isolate bacteria which are representative of long-term biphenyl-adapted microbial communities. growth of microorganisms was stimulated by incubating soil and sediment samples from polluted and nonpolluted sites with biphenyl crystals. after 6 months, stable population densities between 8 x 10(9) and 2 x 10(11) cfu/ml were established in the microcosms, and a large percentage of the organisms were able to grow on biphenyl-containing minimal medium p ...	1998	9687466
pheno- and genotyping of rhodococcus equi isolated from faeces of healthy horses and cattle.	the present study was designed to comparatively investigate 21 rhodococcus equi isolates from the faeces of clinically healthy horses and cattle. the isolates were identified by cultural and biochemical properties and by pcr analysis. the latter, targeted to the gene coding for the 16s ribosomal rna, revealed a species specific pcr product. the isolates were further characterised by serotyping with two typing systems, by haemagglutination tests and by plasmid and virulence protein profiling. amo ...	1998	9690599
mycobacterial linear plasmids have an invertron-like structure related to other linear replicons in actinomycetes.	the authors previously identified large plasmids in mycobacterium xenopi, m. branderi and m. celatum which appeared to have a linear topology. this study has confirmed the presence of such linear plasmids in mycobacteria, including m. avium, and demonstrated that the ends of these replicons are covalently bound with protein(s), suggesting an invertron-like structure. the termini of one 25 kb plasmid, designated pclp, from m. celatum were cloned and the first 500 bp of each terminus were sequence ...	1998	9695931
sequence analysis of the cupin gene family in synechocystis pcc6803.	the recently described cupin superfamily of proteins includes the germin and germinlike proteins, of which the cereal oxalate oxidase is the best characterized. this superfamily also includes seed storage proteins, in addition to several microbial enzymes and proteins with unknown function. all these proteins are characterized by the conservation of two central motifs, usually containing two or three histidine residues presumed to be involved with metal binding in the catalytic active site. the ...	1998	9697098
multivesiculated macrophages: their implication in fine-needle aspiration cytology of lung mass lesions.	alveolar macrophages are almost invariably present in percutaneous fine-needle aspiration cytology of the lung. they may predominate, appear foamy and finely vesiculated, or may reflect the cellular composition of the lung mass lesion. in a review of 172 cases of "negative for malignant cells" from the percutaneous lung fine-needle aspiration cytology file in an 8-year period at hines va hospital, the vacuolated macrophages were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. among the 53 cases (34% ...	1998	9702484
a novel pathway for the metabolism of caffeine by a mixed culture consortium.	a new oxidative pathway for the degradation of caffeine(1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, i) by a mixed culture consisting of strains belonging to the genera klebsiella and rhodococcus is presented. the mixed culture does not initiate degradation by n-demethylation either complete or partial, but instead carries out oxidation at the c-8 position resulting in the formation of 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid (tmu, ii) which further gets degraded to 3,6,8-trimethylallantoin (tma, iii). both tmu and tma are hithert ...	1998	9705852
report of invasive rhodococcus equi infections in taiwan, with an emphasis on the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains.	from november 1995 to october 1997, seven patients with invasive infections due to rhodococcus equi were treated in taiwan. four patients had pulmonary lesions, and one each of the remaining three patients had a recurrent port-a-cath (kabi-pharmacia, north ryde, new south wales, australia)-related bacteremia, a primary bacteremia, and a brain abscess. three patients had underlying hematologic malignancies, and one each of the remaining four patients had diabetes mellitus, waldenström's macroglob ...	1998	9709889
associations between physical examination, laboratory, and radiographic findings and outcome and subsequent racing performance of foals with rhodococcus equi infection: 115 cases (1984-1992).	to determine whether physical examination, laboratory, or radiographic abnormalities in foals with rhodococcus equi infection were associated with survival, ability to race at least once after recovery, or, for foals that survived and went on to race, subsequent racing performance.	1998	9713534
cloning and expression of a gene encoding cyanidase from pseudomonas stutzeri ak61.	the gene coding for cyanidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyanide to formate and ammonia, was cloned from chromosomal dna of pseudomonas stutzeri ak61 into escherichia coli. the cyanidase gene consisted of an open reading frame of 1004 bp, and it was predicted that cyanidase was composed of 334 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 37,518 da. the amino acid sequence of cyanidase showed a 35.1% and 26.4% homology to aliphatic nitrilase from rhodococcus rhodochrous k22 and cyanide ...	1998	9720205
key enzymes for the degradation of benzoate, m- and p-hydroxybenzoate by some members of the order actinomycetales.	a preliminary screening of numerous species of the order actinomycetales, especially of the genera mycobacterium, nocardia, rhodococcus, pseudonocardia, and streptomyces, showed that many of them are able to metabolize benzoate (b) and p-hydroxybenzoate (phb) as indicated by growth and change of color of the ph-indicator of an agar medium. subsequent experiments with liquid cultures which allowed the analysis of substrate utilization by thin layer chromatography confirmed these results. the stud ...	1998	9726125
initial transformations in the biodegradation of benzothiazoles by rhodococcus isolates.	benzothiazole-2-sulfonate (btso3) is one of the side products occurring in 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (mbt) production wastewater. we are the first to isolate an axenic culture capable of btso3 degradation. the isolate was identified as a rhodococcus erythropolis strain and also degraded 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (obt) and benzothiazole (bt), but not mbt, which was found to inhibit the biodegradation of obt, bt, and btso3. in anaerobic resting cell assays, btso3 was transformed into obt in stoichiomet ...	1998	9726870
rhodococcus equi lung abscess complicating evan's syndrome treated with corticosteroid.	we report a case of rhodococcus equi, an unusual pathogen, causing a right upper lobe lung abscess in a patient with evan's syndrome (auto-immune haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia) who was treated with high-dose corticosteroid therapy. the patient was treated successfully with clarithromycin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and imipenen which appear to be effective in combination for this unusual condition in which the treatment regimen has been controversial.	1998	9730805
xas characterization of the active sites of novel intradiol ring-cleaving dioxygenases: hydroxyquinol and chlorocatechol dioxygenases.	the intradiol cleaving dioxygenases hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase (hqi,20) from nocardiodes simplex 3e, chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (cic1,20) from rhodococcus erythropolis icp, and their anaerobic substrate adducts (hydroxyquinol-hq1,20 and 4-chlorocatechol-cic1,20) have been characterized through x-ray absorption spectroscopy. in both enzymes the iron(iii) is pentacoordinated and the distance distribution inside the fe(iii) first coordination shell is close to that already found in the exten ...	1998	9738933
limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase from rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14 belongs to a novel class of epoxide hydrolases.	an epoxide hydrolase from rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14 catalyzes the hydrolysis of limonene-1,2-epoxide to limonene-1,2-diol. the enzyme is induced when r. erythropolis is grown on monoterpenes, reflecting its role in the limonene degradation pathway of this microorganism. limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase was purified to homogeneity. it is a monomeric cytoplasmic enzyme of 17 kda, and its n-terminal amino acid sequence was determined. no cofactor was required for activity of this colorless enzym ...	1998	9748436
[development of microbiological technology of air deodoration in laboratory-industrial conditions using a pilot plant].	laboratory tests were performed to select a complex of bacterial strains capable of effective deodoration of waste air produced by an animal formulated feed works under elevated temperature with the presence of numerous organic pollutants. the complex included species from the general nocardia, rhodococcus, and comamonas. the biocatalyst was tested in a real industrial process with the use of a pilot plant for microbiological deodoration of waste air. the test lasted for over six months and conf ...	1998	9749432
the genus rhodococcus.		1998	9750292
detection of a nitric oxide synthase possibly involved in the regulation of the rhodococcus sp r312 nitrile hydratase.	crude homogenates from rhodococcus sp 312 catalyze the conversion of l-arginine into l-citrulline and no2-, the usual oxidation product of no under aerobic conditions. they also catalyze the conversion of n omega-hydroxy-l-arginine (noha) into l-citrulline and no2- with similar rates (10-15 and 100-150 nmol of product.min-1.(mg of protein)-1 respectively for the crude homogenate and for a fraction obtained from ammonium sulfate precipitation). l-citrulline formation is strongly inhibited by clas ...	1998	9753635
[bacteriological and clinical aspects of corynebacterium].	the microbiologists use the term corynebacteria to describe aerobically growing, asporogenous, irregularly sharped gram-positive rods. they comprise strictly aerobic bacteria isolated from environment as well as preferentially anaerobic bacteria found in clinical specimens. a large part of these bacteria is considered as commensal of skin and mucous membranes. this group of organisms has recently been subjected to considerable taxonomic revisions, which have resulted in the proposal of several n ...	1998	9754261
[cerebral abscess caused by rhodococcus equi in an immunocompetent patient].		1998	9763754
the 20s proteasome of streptomyces coelicolor.	20s proteasomes were purified from streptomyces coelicolor a3(2) and shown to be built from one alpha-type subunit (prca) and one beta-type subunit (prcb). the enzyme displayed chymotrypsin-like activity on synthetic substrates and was sensitive to peptide aldehyde and peptide vinyl sulfone inhibitors and to the streptomyces metabolite lactacystin. characterization of the structural genes revealed an operon-like gene organization (prcba) similar to rhodococcus and mycobacterium spp. and showed t ...	1998	9765579
phospholipase d-neutralization in serodiagnosis of arcanobacterium haemolyticum and corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections.	phospholipase d (pld) neutralization was used to examine sera of humans (n = 40) with a spontaneous infection by arcanobacterium haemolyticum, sheep and goats (n = 76 and 79 respectively) with a spontaneous infection by corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, mice (n = 26) experimentally immunized with pld from a. haemolyticum (pld-a) and mice (n = 28) experimentally immunized with pld from c. pseudotuberculosis (pld-c). pld-a and pld-c were also used as neutralizing antigens. a positive result of n ...	1998	9987184
relationships between demethylase activity, formaldehyde and oxygen during incubation of rhodococcus erythropolis with veratrate.	relationships between demethylase activity, formaldehyde and oxygen were investigated. demethylase activity was measured against the following substrates: veratric, vanillic, and isovanillic acids, as well as in the presence of guaiacol. the influence of atp and gtp on demethylase activity was also checked. demethylase activity was found to be dependent on the capability of the cells for endogenous oxygen uptake. in some cases atp produced the opposite effect: instead of being taken up, oxygen w ...	1998	10526986
19f nmr study on the biodegradation of fluorophenols by various rhodococcus species.	of all nmr observable isotopes 19f is the one perhaps most convenient for studies on biodegradation of environmental pollutants. the reasons underlying this potential of 19f nmr are discussed and illustrated on the basis of a study on the biodegradation of fluorophenols by four rhodococcus strains. the results indicate marked differences between the biodegradation pathways of fluorophenols among the various rhodococcus species. this holds not only for the level and nature of the fluorinated biod ...	1998	10335585
rhodococcal systematics: problems and developments.	various approaches that have been used in the development of a system of classification for the genus rhodococcus are discussed. the application of chemotaxonomic, molecular systematic and numerical phenetic methods have greatly contributed to improvements in the systematics of rhodococci and related mycolic-acid containing actinomycetes. the genus currently encompasses twelve validly described species but improved diagnostic methods are needed to distinguish between them. in addition, evidence ...	1998	10068784
diversity of isolates of rhodococcus equi from australian thoroughbred horse farms.	pulsed field gel electrophoresis of restriction endonuclease digested genomic dna from a collection of clinical isolates of rhodococcus equi was used to compare strain diversity on different thoroughbred horse farms over time. restricted diversity was found among the isolates tested, as the same strains were detected on multiple farms and in multiple years. marked variation occurred in strain prevalence with some strains being represented by single isolates, and the most prevalent by 26 isolates ...	1998	10068785
novel rhodococci and other mycolate actinomycetes from the deep sea.	a large number of mycolate actinomycetes have been recovered from deep-sea sediments in the nw pacific ocean using selective isolation methods. the isolates were putatively assigned to the genus rhodococcus on the basis of colony characteristics and mycolic acid profiles. the diversity among these isolates and their relationship to type strains of rhodococcus and other mycolate taxa were assessed by curie point pyrolysis mass spectrometry (pyms). three major (a, c, d) and two minor (b, e) groups ...	1998	10068786
in situ detection of rhodococci associated with activated sludge foams.	genus-specific 16s rrna targeted oligonucleotide probes, rco1 and rco2, were designed and used to detect rhodococci in activated sludge foam samples by confocal laser scanning microscopy. pure cultures were used to find the optimal hybridisation conditions which were determined by comparing the mean fluorescent intensities of target and non-target cells from images captured using a confocal laser scanning microscope (clsm). the combination of fluorescent in situ hybridisation with rrna-targeted ...	1998	10068787
cell envelope composition and organisation in the genus rhodococcus.	a knowledge of the organisation of the rhodococcal cell envelope is of fundamental importance if the environmental and biotechnological significance of these bacteria are to be understood and successfully exploited. the genus rhodococcus belongs to a distinctive suprageneric taxon, the mycolata, which includes among others the genera corynebacterium, mycobacterium and nocardia. members of this taxon exhibit an unusual complexity in their cell envelope composition and organisation compared to oth ...	1998	10068788