Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| compositional and stoichiometric analysis of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin complexes in caco-2 cells and claudin 4 fibroblast transfectants. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) binds to host cell receptors, forming a small complex precursor for two large complexes reportedly having molecular masses of approximately 155 or approximately 200 kda. formation of the approximately 155 kda complex causes a ca(2+) influx that leads to apoptosis or oncosis. cpe complex composition is currently poorly understood, although occludin was identified in the approximately 200 kda complex. the current study used heteromer gel shift analysis to ... | 2007 | 17587331 |
| analysis of protection afforded by a clostridium perfringens alpha-toxoid against heterologous clostridial phospholipases c. | the major virulence determinant in clostridial myonecrosis caused by clostridium perfringens is a phospholipase c (plc), the alpha-toxin. previously, mice have been protected against challenge with heterologous alpha-toxin or clostridium perfringens spores by immunisation with the c-domain (known as cpa(247-370) or alpha-toxoid) of the alpha-toxin. in this study, we have determined the ability of the alpha-toxoid to protect against the lethal effects of a divergent c. perfringens alpha-toxin and ... | 2007 | 17604945 |
| control of clostridium perfringens spores by green tea leaf extracts during cooling of cooked ground beef, chicken, and pork. | we investigated the inhibition of clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth by two green tea extracts with low (green tea leaf powder [gtl]; 141 mg of total catechins per g of green tea extract) and high (green tea leaf extract [gte]; 697 mg of total catechins per g of extract) catechin levels during abusive chilling of retail cooked ground beef, chicken, and pork. green tea extracts were mixed into the thawed beef, chicken, and pork at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% (wt/ wt) ... | 2007 | 17612073 |
| production of small, acid-soluble spore proteins in clostridium perfringens nonfoodborne gastrointestinal disease isolates. | the molecular basis for the differences in heat resistance between spores of clostridium perfringens food-borne versus nonfoodborne isolates remains unknown. since a recent study demonstrated the role of small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasps) in heat resistance of spores of food-borne isolates, in the current study, we evaluated the expression of sasp-encoding genes (ssp) and the production of sasps in nonfoodborne isolates. our results demonstrated the presence of all three ssp genes in fiv ... | 2007 | 17612607 |
| clostridium perfringens and its toxins in minced meat from kars, turkey. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of clostridium perfringens and its toxins in minced meat. a total of 96 minced meat samples were collected from local markets (16) and small butcher's shops (80) in kars (turkey). samples were analysed for the presence of c. perfringens and its toxins using a commercially available elisa kit. a total of 31 (32%) clostridium spp. strains were isolated and 17 (55%) of these isolates were identified as c. perfringens. four (25%) of the samples f ... | 2007 | 17613051 |
| use of calcium, potassium, and sodium lactates to control germination and outgrowth of clostridium perfringens spores during chilling of injected pork. | inhibition of clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth during abusive chilling regimes was investigated by the incorporation of lactates of calcium (cal), potassium (kl) and sodium (nal) in injected pork. lactates (ca, k, or na) were incorporated into injected pork samples at four different concentrations (1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.8%), along with a no-lactate control. a three-strain cocktail of c. perfringens spores was inoculated into the product (injected pork) to obtain a final ... | 2007 | 17613365 |
| ileal pelvic pouch microbiota from two former ulcerative colitis patients, analysed by dna-based methods, were unstable over time and showed the presence of clostridium perfringens. | ileal pouch anal anastomosis (ipaa) is the preferred method for restorative surgery in patients with ulcerative colitis who have to undergo proctocolectomy. the most common complication is pouchitis and several studies have pointed to the microbiota of the pouch as being a risk factor. the aim of this study was to follow the development of the bacterial microbiota in pouches during the first year. | 2007 | 17613928 |
| nucleoside analogues are activated by bacterial deoxyribonucleoside kinases in a species-specific manner. | to investigate the bactericidal activity of antiviral and anticancer nucleoside analogues against a variety of pathogenic bacteria and characterize the activating enzymes, deoxyribonucleoside kinases (dnks). | 2007 | 17615154 |
| clostridial wound infection following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using bone-patella-bone autograft. | a 27-year-old rugby player underwent anterior cruciate ligament (acl) reconstruction, using autograft. postoperatively, septic arthritis was missed due to atypical presentation but diagnosed 2 days later and underwent open arthrotomy and lavage, he received antibiotics for 5 weeks. aspirate showed clostridium perfringens. later, extension lag was developed, which improved by arthroscopic excision of fibrous tissue and adhesions. the source of clostridial contamination remained a mystery. skin pr ... | 2007 | 17623592 |
| [chronic neutropenia - experience from the department of immunology, children's memorial health institute]. | chronic neutropenia (cn) is defined by an absolute neutrophil count (anc) below 1500/ul, lasting at least 6 months. | 2007 | 17625284 |
| dietary lactose and its effect on the disease condition of necrotic enteritis. | clostridium perfringens is the etiologic agent of necrotic enteritis (ne) and is ubiquitous in nature. the incidence of ne has increased in countries and commercial companies that have stopped using antibiotic growth promoters. the mechanisms of colonization of c. perfringens and the factors involved in onset of ne are not fully understood. previously, our laboratory has demonstrated that lactose could potentially reduce salmonella and c. perfringens in ceca of poultry. in the present investigat ... | 2007 | 17626810 |
| pathological findings in harbour seals (phoca vitulina): 1996-2005. | between 1996 and 2005 the carcasses of 355 harbour seals originating from the coast of schleswig-holstein, germany, were investigated for pathological changes. the animals were collected before (n=280) and after (n=75) the second phocine distemper virus (pdv) epizootic in 2002. the seals were either found dead or were killed due to severe illness. necropsy was performed in each case, in addition to histopathological, immunohistochemical, microbiological and parasitological examinations. througho ... | 2007 | 17629967 |
| assessment of faecal contamination and the relationship between pathogens and faecal bacterial indicators in an estuarine environment (seine, france). | the seine estuary, one of the largest estuaries of the european northwest continental shelf, is subjected to numerous anthropogenic influences. here we present an assessment of the microbial faecal contamination of the estuary water. the most vulnerable areas were defined on the basis of the fluxes of indicator organisms and the occurrence of salmonella and cryptosporidium sp. and giardia sp. (oo)cysts. the microbial quality of the water changes from upstream to downstream: in the upstream area, ... | 2007 | 17631359 |
| immunization of broiler chickens against clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis. | necrotic enteritis (ne) in broiler chickens is caused by clostridium perfringens. currently, no vaccine against ne is available and immunity to ne is not well characterized. our previous studies showed that immunity to ne followed oral infection by virulent rather than avirulent c. perfringens strains and identified immunogenic secreted proteins apparently uniquely produced by virulent c. perfringens isolates. these proteins were alpha-toxin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate:fe ... | 2007 | 17634510 |
| quality of silages from italian farms as attested by number and identity of microbial indicators. | this study evaluated the quality and possible hygiene risks related to farm-made silages by analysing the presence and number of micro-organisms that influence the preservation and safety in samples from four italian regions. | 2007 | 17953581 |
| the effects of several oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and cecal microbial populations in young chicks. | two experiments were conducted with new hampshire x columbian chicks fed a corn-soybean meal diet and 1 experiment was conducted with chicks fed a dextrose-isolated soy protein diet to examine the effects of inulin, oligofructose, mannanoligosaccharide (mos), short-chain fructooligosaccharide (scfos), and transgalactooligosaccharide on growth performance, me(n), digestibility of amino acids (aa), and cecal microbial populations. each diet was fed to chicks from 0 to 21 d of age, and excreta were ... | 2007 | 17954582 |
| effect of different dietary methionine sources on intestinal microbial populations in broiler chickens. | two experiments were conducted to study the effect of various levels of dl-met or 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (mha-fa) on clostridium perfringens and other intestinal bacteria in broiler chickens. in each experiment, 2 cages of 6 birds (14 d posthatch) were assigned to 1 of 7 different diets in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement. the main effects were met source (either dl-met or mha-fa) and met level (0, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8% dl-met or 0, 0.227, 0.454, and 0.908% mha-fa, thus providing 4 corresp ... | 2007 | 17954586 |
| clinical mastitis in ewes; bacteriology, epidemiology and clinical features. | clinical mastitis is an important disease in sheep. the objective of this work was to identify causal bacteria and study certain epidemiological and clinical features of clinical mastitis in ewes kept for meat and wool production. | 2007 | 17892567 |
| quantification of gut lesions in a subclinical necrotic enteritis model. | currently clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis is a major problem in broiler flocks. in the present study, broilers were inoculated with a combination of eimeria maxima or overdose coccidial vaccine (one inoculation) with c. perfringens (repeated inoculations). single c. perfringens, e. maxima or an overdose of live coccidial vaccine inoculations did not result in grossly visible necrotic gut lesions, while combined inoculation resulted in typical necrotic lesions at approximately ... | 2007 | 17899461 |
| prevalence of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens isolates in pittsburgh (pennsylvania) area soils and home kitchens. | in the united states and europe, food poisoning due to clostridium perfringens type a is predominantly caused by c. perfringens isolates carrying a chromosomal enterotoxin gene (cpe). neither the reservoir for these isolates nor the point in the food chain where these bacteria contaminate foods is currently understood. therefore, the current study investigated whether type a isolates carrying a chromosomal cpe gene are present in two potential reservoirs, i.e., soil and home kitchen surfaces. no ... | 2007 | 17905877 |
| effect of unsaturated bonds in the sn-2 acyl chain of phosphatidylcholine on the membrane-damaging action of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin toward liposomes. | clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin degrades phosphatidylcholine (pc) in the bilayer of liposomes and destroys the membrane. the effect of the type and position of unsaturation in the fatty acyl chain of pc (18:0/18:1 pc) synthesized on the toxin-induced leakage of carboxyfluorescein (cf) from pc liposomes was examined. differential scanning calorimetry showed that the phase transition temperature (t(m)) was minimal when the triple bond was positioned at c (9) in the sn-2 acyl chain. the toxin-i ... | 2007 | 17919452 |
| clinical significance of potential contaminants in blood cultures among patients in a medical center. | blood culture is important for the diagnosis of sepsis, but it is sometimes difficult to differentiate true bacteremia from pseudobacteremia. this study proposed clinical criteria and evaluated the role of repeat blood cultures in assessing the clinical significance of potential contaminants in blood cultures (pcbcs). | 2007 | 17932605 |
| [clostridium spp. isolated from surgical specimens]. | in the present study, the isolation rate of clostridium spp. from surgical specimens and its antimicrobial susceptibilities were examined. last 24 years, clostridium spp. was isolated from 65 (1.8%) out of 3,644 specimens from the surgical abdominal infections. clostridium spp. was most frequently isolated from secondary peritonitis such as perforated peritonitis, followed by hepato-biliary tract infection. there were 59 cases (90.8%) of mixed infection with clostridium spp. and other bacteria. ... | 2007 | 17867491 |
| ribosome protection prevents azithromycin-mediated quorum-sensing modulation and stationary-phase killing of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | in pseudomonas aeruginosa, azithromycin has been shown to reduce virulence factor production, to retard biofilm formation, and to exhibit bactericidal effects on stationary-phase cells. in this study we analyzed whether these azithromycin-mediated effects require interaction with the ribosome. we blocked the access of azithromycin to the ribosome in p. aeruginosa pao1 by expressing the 23s rrna methylase ermbp from clostridium perfringens. ribosome protection prevented the azithromycin-mediated ... | 2007 | 17876004 |
| images in clinical medicine. emphysematous cholecystitis. | 2007 | 17881755 | |
| cholesterol reporter molecules. | cholesterol is a major constituent of the membranes in most eukaryotic cells where it fulfills multiple functions. cholesterol regulates the physical state of the phospholipid bilayer, affects the activity of several membrane proteins, and is the precursor for steroid hormones and bile acids. cholesterol plays a crucial role in the formation of membrane microdomains such as "lipid rafts" and caveolae. however, our current understanding on the membrane organization, intracellular distribution and ... | 2007 | 17668316 |
| pathogen and indicator variability in a heavily impacted watershed. | water samples were collected from 36 locations within the grand river watershed, in southwestern ontario, canada from july 2002 to december 2003 and were analyzed for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, escherichia coli, escherichia coli o157:h7, and thermophilic campylobacter spp. a subset of samples was also analyzed for cryptosporidium spp., giardia spp., culturable human enteric viruses, and clostridium perfringens. storm and snowmelt events were sampled at two locations including a drinking w ... | 2007 | 17674573 |
| histone modifications induced by a family of bacterial toxins. | upon infection, pathogens reprogram host gene expression. in eukaryotic cells, genetic reprogramming is induced by the concerted activation/repression of transcription factors and various histone modifications that control dna accessibility in chromatin. we report here that the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes induces a dramatic dephosphorylation of histone h3 as well as a deacetylation of histone h4 during early phases of infection. this effect is mediated by the major listerial toxin ... | 2007 | 17675409 |
| a case of endogenous clostridium perfringens endophthalmitis in an intravenous drug abuser. | 2007 | 17676024 | |
| impact of polysialylated cd56 on natural killer cell cytotoxicity. | siglec-7, a sialic acid binding inhibitory receptor expressed by nk cells is masked in vivo by a so far unknown ligand. it shows a strong binding prevalence for alpha-2,8-linked disialic acids in vitro. | 2007 | 17683591 |
| influence of peptone source on sporulation of clostridium perfringens type a. | clostridium perfringens is a foodborne disease agent that produces a sporulation-specific enterotoxin. to produce enterotoxin for experimental purposes or spores for challenge or physiological studies, the use of a convenient sporulation medium is required. the most commonly used is duncan-strong medium. few isolates sporulate at high levels in this medium. we investigated the effectiveness of peptones from a variety of sources on the sporulation of this organism compared with the peptone in the ... | 2007 | 17685351 |
| enteritis necroticans 'pigbel' in a japanese diabetic adult. | enteritis necroticans 'pigbel' is caused by clostridium perfringens type c but has rarely been reported in developed countries. a 50-year-old japanese man with untreated diabetes mellitus (dm) presented with diarrhea and abdominal pain. intraoperative endoscopic and macroscopic examination disclosed segmental annular mucosal lesions characteristic of clostridial enteritis. clostridial infection type c was verified on pathological, and immunohistochemical analysis. although rare, the disease is l ... | 2007 | 17685936 |
| the effect of probiotic fermented milk and inulin on the functions and microecology of the intestine. | we investigated the effects of a probiotic fermented milk and inulin on gastrointestinal function and microecology. the study was double-blinded and comprised 66 healthy adults (22 male, 44 female), mean age 40 years (range, 22-60 years). after a 12-d baseline period the subjects were randomized to consume, for 3 weeks, 3x200 ml daily of either (1) a fermented milk with probiotics (bifidobacterium longum bb536, bifidobacterium spp. 420 and lactobacillus acidophilus 145), (2) a fermented milk wit ... | 2007 | 17692137 |
| an observation of clostridium perfringens in greater sage-grouse. | mortality due to infectious diseases is seldom reported in the greater sage-grouse (centrocercus urophasianus). a case of necrotic enteritis associated with clostridium perfringens type a is described in a free-ranging adult male sage-grouse in eastern oregon. clostridial enteritis is known to cause outbreaks of mortality in various domestic and wild birds, and should be considered as a potential cause of mortality in sage-grouse populations. | 2007 | 17699098 |
| the effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. | 1. the effect of the dietary inclusion of 5 culinary herbs or their essential oils on the growth, digestibility and intestinal microflora status in female broiler chicks was assessed. from 7 to 28 d of age, either a basal control diet without supplement was given or one of 10 others, consisting of the basal diet with either 10 g/kg herb (thyme, oregano, marjoram, rosemary or yarrow) or 1 g/kg of essential oil. 2. body mass (bm) and feed consumption (afc) were measured on a weekly basis and used ... | 2007 | 17701503 |
| neutral detergent-soluble fiber improves gut barrier function in twenty-five-day-old weaned rabbits. | the effect of neutral detergent-soluble fiber level on gut barrier function and intestinal microbiota was examined in weaned rabbits. a control diet (ah) containing 103 g of neutral detergent-soluble fiber/ kg of dm included alfalfa hay as main source of fiber. another diet (b-ap) was formulated by replacing half of the alfalfa hay with a mixture of beet and apple pulp resulting in 131 g of soluble fiber/kg of dm. a third diet (oh) was obtained by substituting half of the alfalfa hay with a mix ... | 2007 | 17709783 |
| pneumobilia caused by a clostridial liver abscess: rapid diagnosis by bedside sonography in the intensive care unit. | 2007 | 17715325 | |
| epsilon-toxin plasmids of clostridium perfringens type d are conjugative. | isolates of clostridium perfringens type d produce the potent epsilon-toxin (a cdc/u.s. department of agriculture overlap class b select agent) and are responsible for several economically significant enterotoxemias of domestic livestock. it is well established that the epsilon-toxin structural gene, etx, occurs on large plasmids. we show here that at least two of these plasmids are conjugative. the etx gene on these plasmids was insertionally inactivated using a chloramphenicol resistance casse ... | 2007 | 17720791 |
| tcpa, an ftsk/spoiiie homolog, is essential for transfer of the conjugative plasmid pcw3 in clostridium perfringens. | the conjugative tetracycline resistance plasmid pcw3 is the paradigm conjugative plasmid in the anaerobic gram-positive pathogen clostridium perfringens. two closely related ftsk/spoiiie homologs, tcpa and tcpb, are encoded on pcw3, which is significant since ftsk domains are found in coupling proteins of gram-negative conjugation systems. to develop an understanding of the mechanism of conjugative transfer in c. perfringens, we determined the role of these proteins in the conjugation process. m ... | 2007 | 17720795 |
| quality assessment and microbiologic screening of donor corneas. | to identify possible predictors of donor corneal contamination. | 2007 | 17721295 |
| prevalence of enterotoxin producing staphylococcus aureus in stools of patients with nosocomial diarrhea. | nosocomial diarrhea causes prolonged hospital stay leading to additional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures resulting in higher costs. a total of 20%-25% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad) cases are attributed to clostridium difficile. other microorganisms like clostridium perfringens and staphylococcus aureus are discussed to be associated with aad. | 2007 | 17721737 |
| [clostridial sepsis and gas gangrene of the abdominal wall after cholecystectomy]. | clostridial sepsis is a rare complication after intraabdominal operations, mostly fatal. according to our knowledge only two papers describing clostridial sepsis as postoperative complication in 4 patients were published in the czech literature, only one of them survived. authors present a case report of patient operated on for cholecystolithiasis and obstructive icterus where within 48 hours after cholecystectomy the clostridial sepsis and gas gangrene of the abdominal wall developed and that w ... | 2007 | 17722850 |
| effect of a small, acid-soluble spore protein from clostridium perfringens on the resistance properties of bacillus subtilis spores. | alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasp) are essential for the resistance of dna in spores of bacillus species to damage. an alpha/beta-type sasp, ssp2, from clostridium perfringens was expressed at significant levels in b. subtilis spores lacking one or both major alpha/beta-type sasp (alpha- and alpha- beta- strains, respectively). ssp2 restored some of the resistance of alpha- beta- spores to uv and nitrous acid and of alpha- spores to dry heat. ssp2 also restored much of the ... | 2007 | 17766414 |
| a systematic review of the clinical, public health and cost-effectiveness of rapid diagnostic tests for the detection and identification of bacterial intestinal pathogens in faeces and food. | to determine the diagnostic accuracy of tests for the rapid diagnosis of bacterial food poisoning in clinical and public health practice and to estimate the cost-effectiveness of these assays in a hypothetical population in order to inform policy on the use of these tests. | 2007 | 17803865 |
| estimating microbial growth parameters from non-isothermal data: a case study with clostridium perfringens. | microbial growth parameters are usually calculated from the fit of a growth model to a set of isothermal growth data gathered at several temperatures. in principle at least, it is also possible to derive them from non-isothermal ('dynamic') growth data. this requires the numerical solution of a rate model whose coefficients are nested terms that include the temperature profile. the methodology is demonstrated with simulated non-isothermal growth data on which random noise had been superimposed t ... | 2007 | 17804106 |
| clostridium perfringens enterotoxin as a novel-targeted therapeutic for brain metastasis. | brain metastasis is the most commonly occurring intracranial tumor whose incidence seems to be increasing. with standard therapy, the average survival time of patients is approximately 8 months, and treatment often leads to neurologic dysfunction in long-term survivors, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutics. clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) has recently been shown to rapidly and specifically destroy cancer cells expressing cpe receptors claudin-3 and claudin-4. unfortunately, the ... | 2007 | 17804705 |
| impact of feed supplementation with antimicrobial agents on growth performance of broiler chickens, clostridium perfringens and enterococcus counts, and antibiotic resistance phenotypes and distribution of antimicrobial resistance determinants in escherichia coli isolates. | the effects of feed supplementation with the approved antimicrobial agents bambermycin, penicillin, salinomycin, and bacitracin or a combination of salinomycin plus bacitracin were evaluated for the incidence and distribution of antibiotic resistance in 197 commensal escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens over 35 days. all isolates showed some degree of multiple antibiotic resistance. resistance to tetracycline (68.5%), amoxicillin (61.4%), ceftiofur (51.3%), spectinomycin (47.2%), and ... | 2007 | 17827305 |
| quantification of cell proliferation and alpha-toxin gene expression of clostridium perfringens in the development of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. | cell proliferation and alpha-toxin gene expression of clostridium perfringens in relation to the development of necrotic enteritis (ne) were investigated. unlike bacitracin-treated chickens, non-bacitracin-treated birds exhibited typical ne symptoms and reduced growth performance. they also demonstrated increased c. perfringens proliferation and alpha-toxin gene expression that were positively correlated and progressed according to the regression model y = b(0) + b(1)x - b(2)x(2). the average c. ... | 2007 | 17827329 |
| differences in developing intestinal microbiota between allergic and non-allergic infants: a pilot study in japan. | the bacterial compositions of feces were monitored in the first 2 months for 15 infants born in japan, including eight subjects who developed allergy by the age of 2 years. primer sets targeting six predominant bacterial groups in the infant intestine, bacteroidaceae, enterobacteriaceae, bifidobacteria, enterococci, lactobacilli, and the clostridium perfringens group, were used for real-time pcr to quantitate each population in the feces. the population of bacteroidaceae was significantly higher ... | 2007 | 17827672 |
| carbohydrate recognition by a large sialidase toxin from clostridium perfringens. | myonecrotic isolates of clostridium perfringens secrete multimodular sialidases, often termed "large sialidases", that contribute to the virulence of this bacterium. nanj is the largest of the two secreted sialidases at 1173 amino acids and comprises 6 different modules which are, from the n-terminus, a family 32 carbohydrate binding module (cbm), a family 40 cbm, a family 33 glycoside hydrolase, a module of unknown function, a family 82 "x-module" of unknown function, and a module with amino ac ... | 2007 | 17850114 |
| combined effects of hydrostatic pressure, temperature, and ph on the inactivation of spores of clostridium perfringens type a and clostridium sporogenes in buffer solutions. | to develop a spore inactivation strategy, the effect of 15-min hydrostatic pressure treatments (550 and 650 mpa) at 55 and 75 degrees c in citric acid buffer (4.75 and 6.5 ph) on spores of 5 isolates of clostridium perfringens type a carrying the gene that encodes the c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) on the chromosome (c-cpe), 4 isolates carrying the cpe gene on a plasmid (p-cpe), and 2 strains of c. sporogenes were investigated. treatments at 650 mpa, 75 degrees c and ph 6.5 were moderately eff ... | 2007 | 17995687 |
| toxic shock associated with clostridium sordellii and clostridium perfringens after medical and spontaneous abortion. | to better understand the risk of fatal toxic shock caused by clostridium sordellii in women who had a recent medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol. | 2007 | 17978116 |
| tight junctions containing claudin 4 and 6 are essential for blastocyst formation in preimplantation mouse embryos. | the trophectoderm (te) is the first epithelium to be generated during mammalian early development. the te works as a barrier that isolates the inner cell mass from the uterine environment and provides the turgidity of the blastocyst through elevated hydrostatic pressure. in this study, we investigated the role of tight junctions (tjs) in the barrier function of the te during mouse blastocyst formation. rt-pcr and immunostaining revealed that the mouse te expressed at least claudin 4, 6, and 7 am ... | 2007 | 17980358 |
| [epidemiology and treatment of acute prostatitis after prostatic biopsy]. | acute prostatitis is the main complication of prostatic biopsies (pb) and sometimes requires hospitalisation and appropriate antibiotic therapy. this study evaluated the pathogens responsible and proposes a statistically adapted empirical antibiotic therapy. | 2007 | 17969797 |
| isolation and characterization of clostridium perfringens from apparently healthy animals of the shandong province of china. | in a pilot study the presence and frequency of clostridium (c.) perfringens was investigated among apparently healthy farm animals in the shandong province of china. 748 faecal samples were collected from 9 pig-, 4 sheep-, 7 cattle- and 5 rabbit farms. c. perfringens was isolated from 124 samples (16.6%). the isolates were classified into major toxin types by using pcr analysis detecting the genes encoding these toxins. all isolates were identified as c perfringens toxin type a. there are also s ... | 2007 | 17970339 |
| a dose-response evaluation of spray-dried yeast cell wall supplementation of diets fed to adult dogs: effects on nutrient digestibility, immune indices, and fecal microbial populations. | the yeast cell wall (ycw) preparation, safmannan, was evaluated as a dietary supplement for adult dogs. using a 5 x 5 latin square design with 14-d periods, adult dogs cannulated in the terminal ileum were supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.45, or 0.65% ycw based on daily food allowance. apparent ileal nutrient digestibility responded cubically (p = 0.07 to 0.10) to ycw supplementation. ileal nutrient digestibility tended (p = 0.09) to be greater with ycw supplementation compared with control. a ... | 2007 | 17644789 |
| gangrenous clostridium perfringens infection and subsequent wound management in a rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta). | a 10-y-old female rhesus macaque presented acutely with 3 large (diameter, greater than 4 cm), malodorous, ulcerogangrenous skin wounds on the left caudal thigh and calf. limb radiographs revealed free gas infiltrating deep tissues, and histologic examination confirmed myonecrosis. clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, and prevotella intermedia were isolated from the wounds. antimicrobials, analgesics, and aggressive debridement of necrotic skin and muscle resulted in immediate clinica ... | 2007 | 17645300 |
| impact of salinomycin on the intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. | the ionophoric coccidiostat salinomycin is widely used in chicken feed. in the near future the use of ionophore coccidiostats may be banned as has been the case for other antimicrobial growth promoters. this study was conducted to examine the effect of salinomycin on campylobacter jejuni infection and on the composition of the caecal microflora in broiler chickens. | 2007 | 17963485 |
| antimicrobial effect of propolis and other substances against selected endodontic pathogens. | the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of ethanol extract of propolis (eep) and intracanal medicaments calcium hydroxide, camphorated paramonochlorophenol, and formocresol by means of the macrodilution method using the reinforced clostridial medium (rcm) and brucella and brain heart infusion media. | 2007 | 17964476 |
| [investigation of a foodborne intoxication in a high-density penitentiary center]. | on september 25 2005, more than 100 inmates (almost 5% of the 1,800 prison population) experienced sudden onset gastroenteritis. this outbreak was the largest foodborne outbreak described in a prison population in spain. our objective was to confirm the outbreak, identify risk factors, implement control measures, and provide recommendations. | 2007 | 18001657 |
| neuromuscular and central nervous system manifestations of clostridium perfringens infections. | infections with clostridium perfringens usually manifest locally or spread to sepsis with multiorgan involvement, hemolysis or septic shock. central nervous system (cns) manifestations are rare and most frequently comprise meningitis with or without pneumencephalon, encephalitis, plexitis, cerebral abscess, or subdural empyema. the course of cns affections is usually foudroyant and the outcome fatal. neuromuscular manifestations of c. perfringens infections are much more frequent than cns manife ... | 2007 | 18034207 |
| structural elements of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins that are responsible for their cholesterol-sensitive membrane interactions. | the pore-forming mechanism of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs) exhibits an absolute requirement for membrane cholesterol. the structural elements of the cdcs that mediate this interaction are not well understood. three short hydrophobic loops (l1-l3) and a highly conserved undecapeptide sequence at the tip of domain 4 of the cdc structure are known to anchor the cdc to the membrane. it has been thought that the undecapeptide directly mediates the interaction of the cdcs with a cholest ... | 2007 | 18077338 |
| [emphysematous gastritis]. | 2007 | 18065903 | |
| claudin proteins in ovarian cancer. | members of the claudin family of tight junction proteins have been found altered in several malignancies, including ovarian cancer. because claudin-3 and -4 are elevated in the vast majority of ovarian tumors, they may represent useful biomarkers for detection and prognosis, as well as ideal targets for therapy using the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | 2007 | 18057528 |
| necrotic enteritis potential in a model system using clostridium perfringens isolated from field outbreaks. | necrotic enteritis is an enteric disease of avian species caused by the anaerobic bacterium clostridium perfringens. the disease is regularly controlled in the broiler chicken industry with antimicrobials in feed but is reemerging in areas such as europe where there is a ban on antimicrobials as growth promoters. to study prospective therapies, researchers must be able to reproduce this disease in a controlled environment, but this is not always possible because of differences in the pathogenici ... | 2007 | 18251390 |
| bacterial contamination of sago starch in papua new guinea. | sago starch is an important food in lowland papua new guinea. extraction of the starch from the palm and storage were performed by way of traditional methods that have been used for thousands of years. currently, very little is known about the microbiology of sago starch. sago samples were collected from areas of high starch utilization and analyzed for the presence of bacterial pathogens and indicator organisms. storage methods and duration were recorded at the time of collection, and ph and wa ... | 2007 | 18095446 |
| massive intravascular hemolysis and a rapidly fatal outcome. | 2007 | 18079238 | |
| [cloning of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin gene and extracellular expression in escherichia coli]. | clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen that widely propagets in the soil and the gastrointestinal tract of human and animals. this bacteria causes food poisoning, gas gangrene and other various range of infectious diseases. but there is no standard diagnosis method of c. perfringens. in order to develop a new type of immunoassay for clinical purpose, we studied expression and extracellular secretion of recombinant alpha-toxin having enzyme activity in e. c ... | 2007 | 18154441 |
| outcome of brain abscess by clostridium perfringens. | despite the aggressive infection of soft tissue caused by clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene-necrotizing fasciitis), a brain abscess with this bacteria treated by early surgical excision, debridement of necrotic tissue, and antibiotic coverage may be expected to have a good recovery. long-term follow-up has not been well established in this group of patients. we report this case to show the outcome at 3 years post surgical and antibiotic treatment for c. perfringens brain abscess and stress t ... | 2007 | 18162868 |
| necrotizing enterocolitis and death in a goat kid associated with enterotoxin (cpe)-producing clostridium perfringens type a. | a goat kid died after being depressed for several days. no significant gross abnormalities were observed at postmortem examination, while histopathological analysis revealed diffuse necrotizing enterocolitis. isolation of clostridium perfringens type a secreting enterotoxin (cpe) and presence of cpe in the small intestine suggest that cpe contributed to the death of this kid. | 2007 | 18189049 |
| effect on digestion and performance of dietary protein content and of increased substitution of lucerne hay with soya-bean protein concentrate in starter diets for young rabbits. | the aim of this work was to study the effect of protein source / availability on the intestinal microbiota, digestive traits and nutritional performance of early-weaned rabbits. the effects of supplemental antibiotics in the drinking water were also evaluated. four isoenergetic and isofibrous diets were formulated: a control diet with a high protein (207 g/kg dry matter (dm)) and lucerne hay content (hphl), a diet with low crude protein (cp) (179 g/kg dm) and high lucerne hay content (lphl) and ... | 2007 | 22444465 |
| microbiological assessments of compost toilets: in situ measurements and laboratory studies on the survival of fecal microbial indicators using sentinel chambers. | compost toilet systems were assessed for their ability to reduce microbial indicators and pathogens. bacterial pathogens were not detected in any samples indicating a low survival rate in composting feces and/or an initial low occurrence. indicator bacteria showed large variations with no clear trend of lower bacterial numbers after longer storage. in controlled composting experiments, thermophilic conditions were only reached when amendments were made (grass and a sugar solution). even then it ... | 2007 | 16908129 |
| heterologous production and secretion of clostridium perfringens beta-toxoid in closely related gram-positive hosts. | the spore forming bacterium clostridium perfringens is a widely occurring pathogen. vaccines against c. perfringens type b and c are currently manufactured using beta-toxin secreted by virulent c. perfringens strains. large-scale production of vaccines from virulent strains requires stringent safety conditions and costly detoxification and control steps. therefore, it would be beneficial to produce this toxin in a safe production host and in an immunogenic, but non-toxic form (toxoid). for high- ... | 2007 | 16959352 |
| effects of lactitol on intestinal microflora and plasma endotoxin in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. | to investigate the effects of lactitol on intestinal flora and the levels of plasma endotoxin in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. | 2007 | 17049992 |
| substitutions of amino acids in alpha-helix-4 of gyrase a confer fluoroquinolone resistance on clostridium perfringens. | dna gyrase, an essential enzyme that regulates dna topology in bacteria, is the target of fluoroquinolones. three fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants derived from one strain of clostridium perfringens had amino acid substitutions of glycine 81 to cysteine, aspartic acid 87 to tyrosine, or both, in alpha-helix-4 of gyrase a. the gyrase mutations affected the growth kinetics of mutants differently when the mutants were exposed to increasing concentrations of gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin. fluoroqui ... | 2007 | 17051403 |
| rapid separation and concentration of food-borne pathogens in food samples prior to quantification by viable-cell counting and real-time pcr. | buoyant density gradient centrifugation has been used to separate bacteria from complex food matrices, as well as to remove compounds that inhibit rapid detection methods, such as pcr, and to prevent false-positive results due to dna originating from dead cells. applying a principle of buoyant density gradient centrifugation, we developed a method for rapid separation and concentration following filtration and low- and high-speed centrifugation, as well as flotation and sedimentation buoyant den ... | 2007 | 17056684 |
| sensitive quantitative detection of commensal bacteria by rrna-targeted reverse transcription-pcr. | a sensitive rrna-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) method was developed for exact and sensitive enumeration of subdominant bacterial populations. using group- or species-specific primers for 16s or 23s rrna, analytical curves were constructed for escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the threshold cycle value was found to be linear up to an rna amount of 10(-3) cell per rt-pcr. the number o ... | 2007 | 17071791 |
| role of tyrosine residues in modulation of claudin-4 by the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe) modulates the barrier function of claudin-4 via its c-terminal 16 amino acids. in the current study, we investigated the roles of tyrosine residues (y306, y310 and y312) in this region in the modulation of tjs by c-cpe. single mutations of y306, y310 and y312 to alanine resulted in partial reduction of claudin-4 binding. we also prepared double mutants of c-cpe to further evaluate the roles of these tyrosine residues. replace ... | 2007 | 17097620 |
| simple multichannel system for the measurement of the net water flux across biological tissues. | this paper describes the development of a simple system for measurement of net water movement through biological membrane barriers. the system is based on the detection of a water meniscus inside a polyethylene tube, which reflects the water movement inside one hemichamber of a modified ussing chamber containing a membrane barrier. the detection device consists of a commercial computer-controlled flat bed scanner and specifically developed software. this system allows one to perform a relatively ... | 2007 | 17113182 |
| the expression of clostridium perfringens consensus beta2 toxin is associated with bovine enterotoxaemia syndrome. | clostridium perfringens has been implicated in a broad array of enteric infections including the fatal haemorrhagic enteritis/enterotoxaemia syndrome in cattle. the beta2 toxin (cpb2), encoded by cpb2, is suspected to be implicated in this syndrome. however, among c. perfringens isolates from cattle suspected of clostridial disease, an atypical allele was recently found to predominate at the cpb2 locus and atypical corresponding cpb2 proteins were shown to be poorly expressed, thus arguing again ... | 2007 | 17126502 |
| probiotic properties of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract. | one strain of lactobacillus salivarius, two strains of lactobacillus reuteri and lactobacillus amylovorus, and two strains of bifidobacterium thermacidophilum with antagonistic effect against clostridium perfringens were isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract. isolates were assayed for their ability to survive in synthetic gastric juice at ph 2.5 and were examined for their ability to grow on agar plate containing porcine bile extract. there was a large variation in the survival of the iso ... | 2007 | 17136367 |
| intra-storm variability in microbial partitioning and microbial loading rates. | association with particles in the water column can have a significant impact on microbial fate and transport. this study analyzed multiple stormwater samples taken throughout the duration of three separate storms (at two different sites) to evaluate the fraction of microbes partitioning to denser "settleable" particles and to examine how partitioning behavior varied over the course of a storm. intra-storm sampling also allowed for estimates of microbial loading rates (both total and particle-ass ... | 2007 | 17141293 |
| detection of a group ii intron without an open reading frame in the alpha-toxin gene of clostridium perfringens isolated from a broiler chicken. | a dna insertion of 834 bp, designated cpf-g2im, was identified within the alpha toxin gene (cpa) of clostridium perfringens strain cpbc16ml, isolated from a broiler chicken. sequence analysis of cpf-g2im indicated that it was integrated 340 nucleotides downstream of the start codon of cpa. however, the insertion did not abolish the phospholipase c and hemolytic activities of cpbc16ml. to investigate the expression of its alpha toxin, the intact copy of cpa was cloned into an expression vector an ... | 2007 | 17158682 |
| antiparasitic drug nitazoxanide inhibits the pyruvate oxidoreductases of helicobacter pylori, selected anaerobic bacteria and parasites, and campylobacter jejuni. | nitazoxanide (ntz) exhibits broad-spectrum activity against anaerobic bacteria and parasites and the ulcer-causing pathogen helicobacter pylori. here we show that ntz is a noncompetitive inhibitor (k(i), 2 to 10 microm) of the pyruvate:ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductases (pfors) of trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, giardia intestinalis, clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens, h. pylori, and campylobacter jejuni and is weakly active against the pyruvate dehydrogenase of esch ... | 2007 | 17158936 |
| role of tyr306 in the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin for modulation of tight junction. | we previously reported that the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe) is a novel type of absorption enhancer that interacts with claudin-4 and that tyr306 of c-cpe plays a role in ability of c-cpe to modulate barrier of tight junctions. in the current study, to investigate effects of tyr306 on the c-cpe activity, we prepared some c-cpe mutants substituted tyr306 with trp (y306w), phe (y306f) and lys (y306k). we found that y306w and y306f mutants of c-cpe had claudin- ... | 2007 | 17169334 |
| the beta-defensin gallinacin-6 is expressed in the chicken digestive tract and has antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens. | food-borne pathogens are responsible for most cases of food poisoning in developed countries and are often associated with poultry products, including chicken. little is known about the role of beta-defensins in the chicken digestive tract and their efficacy. in this study, the expression of chicken beta-defensin gallinacin-6 (gal-6) and its antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens were investigated. reverse transcription-pcr analysis showed high expression of gal-6 mrna in the esopha ... | 2007 | 17194828 |
| activities of four frog skin-derived antimicrobial peptides (temporin-1dra, temporin-1va and the melittin-related peptides ar-23 and rv-23) against anaerobic bacteria. | the activities of two antimicrobial peptides belonging to the temporin family (temporin-1dra from rana draytonii and temporin-1va from rana virgatipes) and two peptides with structural similarity to the bee venom peptide melittin (ar-23 from rana tagoi and rv-23 from r. draytonii) were evaluated against a range of reference strains and clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria. these peptides were selected because they show broad-spectrum growth inhibitory activity against reference strains of sev ... | 2007 | 17196372 |
| changing a single amino acid in clostridium perfringens beta-toxin affects the efficiency of heterologous secretion by bacillus subtilis. | achieving efficient heterologous protein production and secretion by bacillus subtilis is an attractive prospect, although often disappointingly low yields are reached. the expression of detoxified clostridium perfringens beta-toxin (beta-toxoid) is exemplary for this. although beta-toxin can be efficiently expressed and secreted by bacillus subtilis, the genetically detoxified, and industrially interesting, beta-toxoid variant is difficult to obtain in high amounts. to optimize the expression o ... | 2007 | 17209068 |
| both epsilon-toxin and beta-toxin are important for the lethal properties of clostridium perfringens type b isolates in the mouse intravenous injection model. | clostridium perfringens is capable of producing up to 15 toxins, including alpha-toxin (cpa), beta-toxin (cpb), epsilon-toxin (etx), enterotoxin, beta2-toxin (cpb2), and perfringolysin o. type b isolates, which must produce cpa, cpb, and etx, are associated with animal illnesses characterized by sudden death or acute neurological signs, with or without intestinal damage. type b pathogenesis in ruminants is poorly understood, with some animals showing lesions and clinical signs similar to those c ... | 2007 | 17210666 |
| fatal massive hemolysis as the first manifestation of clostridium perfringens septicemia in a patient with non-systematic or local predisposing disorder. | we report a case of fulminant massive hemolysis due to clostridium perfringens septicemia in an elderly patient with non-systematic or local predisposing disorder. the patient presented with atypical symptoms but the progress of the disease was extremely rapid and he died almost 3h after his hospital admission. a focal infection or a possible portal of bacterial access was not found. | 2007 | 17222573 |
| antisense-rna-mediated decreased synthesis of small, acid-soluble spore proteins leads to decreased resistance of clostridium perfringens spores to moist heat and uv radiation. | previous work has suggested that a group of alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasp) is involved in the resistance of clostridium perfringens spores to moist heat. however, this suggestion is based on the analysis of c. perfringens spores lacking only one of the three genes encoding alpha/beta-type sasp in this organism. we have now used antisense rna to decrease levels of alpha/beta-type sasp in c. perfringens spores by approximately 90%. these spores had significantly reduced ... | 2007 | 17259355 |
| comparison of virulence plasmids among clostridium perfringens type e isolates. | clostridium perfringens type e isolates produce iota-toxin, which is encoded by iap and ibp genes. using southern blot analyses, the current study identified iap/ibp plasmids of approximately 97 or approximately 135 kb among eight type e isolates. for most of these isolates, their iap/ibp plasmid also encoded urease and lambda-toxin. however, the beta2-toxin gene, if present, was on a different plasmid from the iap/ibp plasmid. for all isolates, the iap/ibp plasmid carried a tcp locus, strongly ... | 2007 | 17261608 |
| functional analysis of neutralizing antibodies against clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin. | the clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin causes a severe, often fatal illness (enterotoxemia) characterized by cardiac, pulmonary, kidney, and brain edema. in this study, we examined the activities of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against the c. perfringens epsilon-toxin. both antibodies inhibited epsilon-toxin cytotoxicity towards cultured mdck cells and inhibited the ability of the toxin to form pores in the plasma membranes of cells, as shown by staining cells with the membrane-impe ... | 2007 | 17261609 |
| carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, oregano oil, and thymol inhibit clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth in ground turkey during chilling. | inhibition of clostridium perfringens by plant-derived carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and oregano oil was evaluated during abusive chilling of cooked ground turkey. test substances were mixed into thawed turkey product at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% (wt/wt) along with a heat-activated three-strain c. perfringens spore cocktail to obtain final spore concentrations of ca. 2.2 to 2.8 log cfu spores per g of turkey meat. aliquots (5 g) of the ground turkey mixtures were vacuum packa ... | 2007 | 17265885 |
| a double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans. | to evaluate the bifidogenic efficacy of two inulin doses in healthy human adults. | 2007 | 17268410 |
| towards measuring particle-associated fecal indicator bacteria in tropical streams. | a protocol to enumerate particle-associated microbial indicator bacteria (heterotrophic plate count [hpc], enterococci [ent] and clostridium perfringens [cp]) by membrane filtration in a tropical stream is proposed that relies on high-speed homogenization and chemical treatment. application of this protocol to stream samples suggest that ent measurements are more biased by the presence of aggregates than hpc or cp. whole sample treatment typically increased the colony forming units (cfu) count b ... | 2007 | 17270233 |
| emphysematous cholecystitis. | 2007 | 17275419 | |
| role of sialidase in mycoplasma alligatoris-induced pulmonary fibroblast apoptosis. | mycoplasma alligatoris causes acute lethal cardiopulmonary disease of susceptible hosts. a survey of its genome implicated sialidase and hyaluronidase, synergistic regulators of hyaluronan receptor cd44-mediated signal transduction leading to apoptotic cell death, as virulence factors of m. alligatoris. in this study, after the existence of a cd44 homolog in alligators was established by immunolabeling primary pulmonary fibroblasts with monoclonal antibody im7 against murine cd44, the sialidase ... | 2007 | 17276629 |
| use of high-affinity cell wall-binding domains of bacteriophage endolysins for immobilization and separation of bacterial cells. | immobilization and magnetic separation for specific enrichment of microbial cells, such as the pathogen listeria monocytogenes, depends on the availability of suitable affinity molecules. we report here a novel concept for the immobilization and separation of bacterial cells by replacing antibodies with cell wall-binding domains (cbds) of bacteriophage-encoded peptidoglycan hydrolases (endolysins). these polypeptide modules very specifically recognize and bind to ligands on the gram-positive cel ... | 2007 | 17277212 |
| microbiological baseline study of broiler chickens at swedish slaughterhouses. | this 1-year study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and concentrations of pathogenic and indicator bacteria on swedish broiler chickens. a total of 636 chilled carcasses were collected from 10 slaughterhouses and sent to the national food administration for analyses of carcass rinses. no carcasses were positive for salmonella. campylobacter, predominantly campylobacter jejuni, were detected on 15% (by enrichment) or 14% (by direct plating) of the carcasses. with one exception, all samples ... | 2006 | 17186653 |