Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| evaluation of phenotypic and pcr-based approaches for routine analysis of bacillus cereus group foodborne isolates. | identification of bacillus cereus sensu stricto is a challenge for the food industry since it is being increasingly reported as implicated in many foodborne outbreaks. so far no conclusive microbiological or biochemical traits have been described for their specific differentiation. here a polyphasic approach aiming at identification of new isolates is presented. it was conducted on a total of 75 strains, 59 bacillus cereus group (29 reference strains and 30 food and environmental isolates) and 1 ... | 2010 | 21191654 |
| viability of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus thuringiensis spores as a model for predicting the fate of bacillus anthracis spores during composting of dead livestock. | safe disposal of dead livestock and contaminated manure is essential for the effective control of infectious disease outbreaks. composting has been shown to be an effective method of disposal, but no information exists on its ability to contain diseases caused by spore-forming bacteria, such as bacillus anthracis. duplicate composters (east and west), each containing 16 dead cattle, were constructed (final capacity, 85,000 kg). spores (10(7) cfu/g manure) of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus t ... | 2010 | 21193674 |
| use of an innovative t-tube maze assay and the proboscis extension response assay to assess sublethal effects of gm products and pesticides on learning capacity of the honey bee apis mellifera l. | transgenic cry1ac+cpti cotton (ccri41) is a promising cotton cultivar throughout china but side effects and especially sublethal effects of this transgenic cultivar on beneficial insects remain poorly studied. more specifically potential sublethal effects on behavioural traits of the honey bee apis mellifera l. have not been formally assessed despite the importance of honey bees for pollination. the goal of our study was to assess potential effects of ccri41 cotton pollen on visual and olfactory ... | 2010 | 20872243 |
| occurrence of maize detritus and a transgenic insecticidal protein (cry1ab) within the stream network of an agricultural landscape. | widespread planting of maize throughout the agricultural midwest may result in detritus entering adjacent stream ecosystems, and 63% of the 2009 us maize crop was genetically modified to express insecticidal cry proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis. six months after harvest, we conducted a synoptic survey of 217 stream sites in indiana to determine the extent of maize detritus and presence of cry1ab protein in the stream network. we found that 86% of stream sites contained maize leaves, ... | 2010 | 20876106 |
| the role of β20-β21 loop structure in insecticidal activity of cry1ac toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | the β20-β21 loop is a unique structure in the domain iii of bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins. in this study, the role of β20-β21 loop on insecticidal activity of cry1ac toxin was investigated. 10 residues in β20-β21 loop were substituted with alanine using pcr-based site-directed mutagenesis. all mutants were capable of producing diamond-shaped crystal and expressing a protein sized 130 kda. the mutants s581a and i585a enhanced toxicity against helicoverpa armigera larvae dramatically, while ... | 2010 | 20878161 |
| monitoring the commercial cultivation of bt maize in europe--conclusions and recommendations for future monitoring practice. | genetically modified (gm) maize expressing the insecticidal protein cry1ab from bacillus thuringiensis (bt maize) is the only gm crop planted commercially in the european union (eu). cultivation in accordance with directive 2001/18/ec demands post-market environmental monitoring (pmem) to ensure the detection and prevention of adverse effects on the environment possibly deriving from commercial cultivation. based on a seminar organized in berlin, germany, in april 2008 by the eu-funded biosafene ... | 2010 | 20883660 |
| participation of valine 171 in alpha-helix 5 of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab delta-endotoxin in translocation of toxin into lymantria dispar midgut membranes. | the cry1ab δ-endotoxin v171c mutant protein exhibits a 25-fold increase in toxicity against lymantria dispar, which correlates with a faster rate of partitioning into the midgut membrane and slightly decreased protein stability. this is an insect-specific mechanism; similar results were not observed in manduca sexta, another cry1ab δ-endotoxin-susceptible insect. | 2010 | 20889788 |
| homology modeling of cry10aa toxin from b. thuringiensis israelensis and b. thuringiensis subsp. ldc-9. | a three dimensional model was developed for cry10aa protein sequence of b. thuringiensis ldc-9 and b. thuringiensis israelensis that has not been solved empirically by x-ray crystallography or nmr. homology modeling was employed for the structure prediction using cry2aa as template protein, a high-resolution x-ray crystallography structure. the model predicted for the b. thuringiensis ldc-9 cry10aa protein reveals a partial n-terminal domain only due to its partial sequence of 104 amino acids. b ... | 2010 | 20919752 |
| plant science. communal benefits of transgenic corn. | 2010 | 20929767 | |
| areawide suppression of european corn borer with bt maize reaps savings to non-bt maize growers. | transgenic maize engineered to express insecticidal proteins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has become widely adopted in u.s. agriculture. in 2009, bt maize was planted on more than 22.2 million hectares, constituting 63% of the u.s. crop. using statistical analysis of per capita growth rate estimates, we found that areawide suppression of the primary pest ostrinia nubilalis (european corn borer) is associated with bt maize use. cumulative benefits over 14 years are an estimated ... | 2010 | 20929774 |
| stability of the mon 810 transgene in maize. | we analysed the dna variability of the transgene insert and its flanking regions in maize mon 810 commercial varieties. southern analysis demonstrates that breeding, since the initial transformation event more than 10 years ago, has not resulted in any rearrangements. a detailed analysis on the dna variability at the nucleotide level, using dna mismatch endonuclease assays, showed the lack of polymorphisms in the transgene insert. we conclude that the mutation rate of the transgene is not signif ... | 2010 | 20936423 |
| recommendations for the design of laboratory studies on non-target arthropods for risk assessment of genetically engineered plants. | this paper provides recommendations on experimental design for early-tier laboratory studies used in risk assessments to evaluate potential adverse impacts of arthropod-resistant genetically engineered (ge) plants on non-target arthropods (ntas). while we rely heavily on the currently used proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in this discussion, the concepts apply to other arthropod-active proteins. a risk may exist if the newly acquired trait of the ge plant has adverse effects on ntas whe ... | 2010 | 20938806 |
| inheritance patterns, dominance, stability, and allelism of insecticide resistance and cross-resistance in two colonies of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) selected with cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis. | mendelian crosses were used to analyze the patterns of inheritance of cry-toxin resistance in two colonies of culex quinquefasciatus say larvae resistant to bacterial toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis de barjac. resistance levels exceeded 1000-fold at 95% lethal concentration of the cryllaa-resistant colony (cq11a). f1 offspring of reciprocal crosses to a susceptible colony revealed autosomal inheritance and offspring were intermediate in resistance to the susceptible ... | 2010 | 20939376 |
| impacts of bt transgenic cotton on integrated pest management. | transgenic cotton that produced one or more insecticidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was planted on over 15 million hectares in 11 countries in 2009 and has contributed to a reduction of over 140 million kilograms of insecticide active ingredient between 1996 and 2008. as a highly selective form of host plant resistance, bt cotton effectively controls a number of key lepidopteran pests and has become a cornerstone in overall integrated pest management (ipm). bt cotton has led to larg ... | 2010 | 20942488 |
| acute oral, pulmonary and intravenous toxicity/pathogenicity testing of a new formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis sh-14 in rats. | during the last decades, efforts are being made to develop microbial insecticides as biological control agents. bacillus thuringiensis has been one of the most consistent and significant biopesticides for using on crops as an insecticidal spray. the aim of this study was to assess and to compare the pathogenicity of a new formulation of b.thuringiensis var israelensis sh-14 in rats through oral, intranasal and intravenous single dosing. through 21 days after administration, clinical examinations ... | 2010 | 20946931 |
| enhanced yield performance of bt rice under target-insect attacks: implications for field insect management. | the rapid development of transgenic biotechnology has greatly promoted the breeding of genetically engineered (ge) rice in china, and many ge rice lines are in the pipeline for commercialization. to understand field performances of ge rice, key agronomic traits of two insect-resistant bt rice lines that have been granted biosafety certificates for commercial production in china were evaluated together with their nontransgenic counterparts under environmental conditions with significant differenc ... | 2010 | 20949317 |
| natural refuge crops, buildup of resistance, and zero-refuge strategy for bt cotton in china. | in the context of genetically modified crops expressing the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin, a 'refuge' refers to a crop of the same or a related species that is planted nearby to enable growth and reproduction of the target pest without the selection pressure imposed by the bt toxin. the goal of this study is to discuss the role of natural refuge crops in slowing down the buildup of resistance of cotton bollworm (cbw), and to evaluate china's no-refuge policy for bt cotton. we describe in det ... | 2010 | 20953946 |
| characterization of vegetative insecticidal protein vip genes of bacillus thuringiensis from sichuan basin in china. | vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip), the second generation of insecticides, are produced during the vegetative growth stage of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). to perform a systematic study of vip genes in bt strains from different ecological regions of sichuan basin, 1,789 soil samples were collected from this basin, which is situated in the western region of china. the basin has a complicated geomorphology and contains mountains, forests, highlands, hursts, and plains. a total of 2,134 bt strai ... | 2010 | 20963416 |
| study of the bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa16 histopathological effects and determination of its putative binding proteins in the midgut of spodoptera littoralis. | the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis produces, at the vegetative stage of its growth, vip3a proteins with activity against a broad spectrum of lepidopteran insects. the egyptian cotton leaf worm (spodoptera littoralis) is an important agricultural pest that is susceptible to the vip3aa16 protein of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki strain bupm95. the midgut histopathology of vip3aa fed larvae showed vacuolization of the cytoplasm, brush border membrane destruction, vesicle formation in the apical ... | 2010 | 20965198 |
| mega assemblages of oligomeric aerolysin-like toxins stabilized by toxin-associating membrane proteins. | most β pore-forming toxins need to be oligomerized via receptors in order to form membrane pores. though oligomerizing toxins frequently form sds-resistant oligomers, it was questionable whether sds-resistant oligomers reflected native functional toxin complexes. in order to elucidate the essence of the cytocidal assemblages, oligomers of aerolysin-like toxins, aerolysin, parasporin-2 and epsilon toxin, were examined with or without sds. on blue native page, each toxin, which had been solubilize ... | 2010 | 20971989 |
| rapid topology probing using fluorescence spectroscopy in planar lipid bilayer: the pore-forming mechanism of the toxin cry1aa of bacillus thuringiensis. | pore-forming toxins, many of which are pathogenic to humans, are highly dynamic proteins that adopt a different conformation in aqueous solution than in the lipid environment of the host membrane. consequently, their crystal structures obtained in aqueous environment do not reflect the active conformation in the membrane, making it difficult to deduce the molecular determinants responsible for pore formation. to obtain structural information directly in the membrane, we introduce a fluorescence ... | 2010 | 20974771 |
| filament structure of bacterial tubulin homologue tubz. | low copy number plasmids often depend on accurate partitioning systems for their continued survival. generally, such systems consist of a centromere-like region of dna, a dna-binding adaptor, and a polymerizing cytomotive filament. together these components drive newly replicated plasmids to opposite ends of the dividing cell. the bacillus thuringiensis plasmid pbtoxis relies on a filament of the tubulin/ftsz-like protein tubz for its segregation. by combining crystallography and electron micros ... | 2010 | 20974911 |
| persistence of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) in the environment induces resistance to multiple bti toxins in mosquitoes. | background: the simultaneous production of six different toxins by bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) is thought to delay the evolution of resistance in treated mosquito populations. recent studies have shown that bti can persist and proliferate in the environment, thereby imposing continuous selective pressure on mosquito populations, raising concerns about the long-term effectiveness of this bioinsecticide. in order to evaluate the effect of bti persistence on the evolution of resistance ... | 2010 | 20981724 |
| discovery and characterization of field resistance to bt maize: spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in puerto rico. | transgenic maize, zea mays l., event tc1507 produces the cry1f protein to provide protection from feeding by several important lepidopteran pests, including spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). reports of reduced field performance against this species in puerto rico were investigated, and laboratory bioassays showed that s. frugiperda collected from the affected area exhibited lower sensitivity to the cry1f protein compared with typical colonies from other regions. the re ... | 2010 | 20857709 |
| potential impact of differential production of the cry2ab and cry1ac proteins in transgenic cotton in response to cold stress. | transgenic bollgard ii cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., expresses cry1ac and cry2ab proteins that provide control of lepidopteran larvae, including helicoverpa and heliothis species (lepidoptera: noctuidae) worldwide. experiments conducted at katherine, northern territory, australia evaluated the impact of night minimum temperatures on cry1ac and cry2ab protein levels in bollgard ii cotton. in both 2003 and 2004, potted plants were either grown outside continuously or protected from cold in a glas ... | 2010 | 20857729 |
| fitness costs of cry1ab resistance in a field-derived strain of ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the study of fitness costs associated with resistance to toxins from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) in ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) is important for understanding resistance evolution and for evaluating resistance management practices that prevent or mitigate resistance to transgenic corn, zea mays l. resistant individuals identified from a field collection in kandiyohi, mn, were used to generate a cry1ab-resistant strain. we used susceptible and resistant strains w ... | 2010 | 20857752 |
| transgenic rice plants expressing a fused protein of cry1ab/vip3h has resistance to rice stem borers under laboratory and field conditions. | six transgenic rice, oryza sativa l., lines (g6h1, g6h2, g6h3, g6h4, g6h5, and g6h6) expressing a fused cry1ab/vip3h protein, were evaluated for resistance against the asiatic rice borer, chilo suppressalis (walker) (lepidoptera: crambidae), and the stem borer sesamia inferens (walker) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in the laboratory and field. the bioassay results indicated that the mortality of asiatic rice borer and s. inferens neonate larvae on six transgenic lines from seedling to filling stage w ... | 2010 | 20857760 |
| toxicity of seven bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins against cylas puncticollis and cylas brunneus (coleoptera: brentidae) using a novel artificial diet. | "sweetpotato weevils" cylas puncticollis (boheman) and cylas brunneus f. (coleoptera: brentidae) are the most important biological threat to sweetpotato, ipomoea batatas l. (lam), productivity in sub-saharan africa. sweetpotato weevil control is difficult due to their cryptic feeding behavior. expression of cylas-active bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry proteins in sweetpotato could provide an effective control strategy. unfortunately, bt cry proteins with relatively high toxicity against cylas sp ... | 2010 | 20857765 |
| constitutive activation of the midgut response to bacillus thuringiensis in bt-resistant spodoptera exigua. | bacillus thuringiensis is the most effective microbial control agent for controlling numerous species from different insect orders. the main threat for the long term use of b. thuringiensis in pest control is the ability of insects to develop resistance. thus, the identification of insect genes involved in conferring resistance is of paramount importance. a colony of spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae) was selected for 15 years in the laboratory for resistance to xentari™, a b. thuringien ... | 2010 | 20862260 |
| short-term evaluation in growing rats of diet containing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ia12 entomotoxin: nutritional responses and some safety aspects. | the cry1ia12 entomotoxin from a brazilian bacillus thuringiensis strain is currently being expressed in cotton cultivars to confer resistance to insect-pests. the present study aimed to assess the effects of a diet containing cry1ia12 protein on growing rats. a test diet containing egg white and cry1ia12 (0.1% of total protein) as a protein source was offered to rats for ten days. in addition, an acute toxicity bioassay was performed in rats with a single oral dose of the entomotoxin (12 mg/anim ... | 2010 | 20862341 |
| genome-wide screening reveals the genetic determinants of an antibiotic insecticide in bacillus thuringiensis. | thuringiensin is a thermostable secondary metabolite in bacillus thuringiensis and has insecticidal activity against a wide range of insects. until now, the regulatory mechanisms and genetic determinants involved in thuringiensin production have remained unclear. here, we successfully used heterologous expression-guided screening in an escherichia coli-bacillus thuringiensis shuttle bacterial artificial chromosome library, to clone the intact thuringiensin synthesis (thu) cluster. then the thu c ... | 2010 | 20864531 |
| interaction of bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein with ribosomal s2 protein triggers larvicidal activity in spodoptera frugiperda. | vegetative insecticidal protein (vip3a) is synthesized as an extracellular insecticidal toxin by certain strains of bacillus thuringiensis. vip3a is active against several lepidopteran pests of crops. polyphagous pest, spodoptera frugiperda, and its cell line sf21 are sensitive for lyses to vip3a. screening of cdna library prepared from sf21 cells through yeast two-hybrid system with vip3a as bait identified ribosomal protein s2 as a toxicity-mediating interacting partner protein. the vip3a-ribo ... | 2010 | 20833785 |
| cry genes profiling and the toxicity of isolates of bacillus thuringiensis from soil samples against american bollworm, helicoverpa armigera. | the aim of this study was to search for bacillus thuringiensis (bt) harbouring cry1a gene which could effectively control cotton pest, american bollworm, helicoverpa armigera. | 2010 | 20738439 |
| development and validation of a real-time quantitative pcr assay for rapid identification of bacillus anthracis in environmental samples. | a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for rapid identification of bacillus anthracis in environmental samples. these samples often harbor bacillus cereus bacteria closely related to b. anthracis, which may hinder its specific identification by resulting in false positive signals. the assay consists of two duplex real-time pcr: the first pcr allows amplification of a sequence specific of the b. cereus group (b. anthracis, b. cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus weihe ... | 2010 | 20827474 |
| a quadruple-enterotoxin-deficient mutant of bacillus thuringiensis remains insecticidal. | bacillus thuringiensis is the leading biopesticide used to control insect pests worldwide. although they have a long record of safe use, under certain conditions commercial strains of b. thuringiensis have the ability to produce numerous putative enterotoxins that have been associated with food poisoning attributed to bacillus cereus. therefore, we designed a strategy to delete the genes encoding these toxins. b. thuringiensis strain vbts 2477 contained genes encoding nhe, cytk-2 and three homol ... | 2010 | 20829288 |
| incipient resistance of helicoverpa punctigera to the cry2ab bt toxin in bollgard ii cotton. | combinations of dissimilar insecticidal proteins ("pyramids") within transgenic plants are predicted to delay the evolution of pest resistance for significantly longer than crops expressing a single transgene. field-evolved resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) transgenic crops has been reported for first generation, single-toxin varieties and the cry1 class of proteins. our five year data set shows a significant exponential increase in the frequency of alleles conferring cry2ab resistance i ... | 2010 | 20830203 |
| safety assessment of cry1c protein from genetically modified rice according to the national standards of pr china for a new food resource. | the cry1c protein produced in escherichia coli was used for in vitro evaluation and animal studies to support the safety assessment of gm food or feed products containing the cry1c protein. the cry1c protein does not have any sequence homology with known allergens or toxins. although the cry1c protein was heat stable it was rapidly degraded in vitro with simulated gastric or intestinal fluids. it did not cause adverse effects in mice as administered by gavage at a high level dosage of 5 g (cry1c ... | 2010 | 20801181 |
| histopathology and ultrastructure of midgut of alabama argillacea (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) fed bt-cotton. | the interaction of cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis in the midgut of some insect larvae determines their efficacies as insecticides, due to the expression and availability of sites of action of the toxin in the midgut. researches point out cases of resistance to cry toxin due to alterations in the binding sites in columnar cell membrane. we analyzed the effects of cry1ac toxin expressed by bt-cotton plants on alabama argillacea midgut morphophysiology clarifying in levels of morphological ... | 2010 | 20804764 |
| synergistic and inhibitory effects of aminopeptidase peptides on bacillus thuringiensis cry11ba toxicity in the mosquito anopheles gambiae. | cry11ba produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan is an active toxin for larvae of the mosquito anopheles gambiae. a 106-kda aminopeptidase n (apn), called agapn2, was previously identified as a cry11ba receptor in a. gambiae. a 70-kda fragment of agapn2 expressed in escherichia coli binds cry11ba with high affinity (k(d) = 6.4 nm) and inhibits cry11ba activity by 98% in bioassays [zhang et al. (2008) biochemistry 47, 11263-11272]. to identify regions involved in toxicity, we truncate ... | 2010 | 20809561 |
| metal displacement and stoichiometry of protein-metal complexes under native conditions using capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry. | increases in the study of protein-metal complexes, as well as in metal displacement in protein-metal complexes under native conditions for optimum catalytic properties in drug research and catalyst design, demands a separation/detection technology that can accurately measure metal displacement and stoichiometry in protein-metal complexes. both nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and x-ray diffraction techniques have been used for this purpose; however, these techniques lack sensitivity. electrospra ... | 2010 | 20814979 |
| sub-chronic lung inflammation after airway exposures to bacillus thuringiensis biopesticides in mice. | the aim of the present study was to assess possible health effects of airway exposures to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) based biopesticides in mice. endpoints were lung inflammation evaluated by presence of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf), clearance of bacteria from the lung lumen and histological alterations of the lungs. hazard identifications of the biopesticides were carried out using intratracheal (i.t.) instillation, followed by an inhalation study. the two commerci ... | 2010 | 20815884 |
| cotton bollworm resistance to bt transgenic cotton: a case analysis. | cotton bollworm (helicoverpa armigera) is one of the most serious insect pests of cotton. transgenic cotton expressing cry toxins derived from a soil bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), has been produced to target this pest. bt cotton has been widely planted around the world, and this has resulted in efficient control of bollworm populations with reduced use of synthetic insecticides. however, evolution of resistance by this pest threatens the continued success of bt cotton. to date, no fiel ... | 2010 | 20821292 |
| a decade of bt cotton in chinese fields: assessing the direct effects and indirect externalities of bt cotton adoption in china. | the objective of this study is to examine whether or not the gains from reduced spraying for bollworms are being sustained more than one decade after the initial adoption in 2007. based on farm-level data collected by the authors in 1999-2007 in 16 villages from 4 provinces, this study shows that insecticides applied for controlling bollworms have declined. this analysis supports chinese policy makers' decision to not require refuges of non-bt cotton fields. it also suggests that past studies ma ... | 2010 | 20821297 |
| cry1ab toxin production of mon 810 transgenic maize. | levels of cry1ab toxin were detected in genetically modified maize of genetic event mon 810 against near isogenic maize as negative control by two commercial immunoassays. the immunoassays were characterized for their cross-reactivity (cr) between cry1ab protoxin and activated toxin, and were compared with each other for toxin detection in a reference plant sample. cry1ab toxin levels, corrected for active toxin content using the cr values obtained, were monitored in maize dk-440 bty through the ... | 2010 | 20821434 |
| influence of selected antibiotics on the response of black fly (simulium vittatum) larvae to insecticidal proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | a controlled current toxicity test (cctt) was developed to evaluate the response of black fly (simulium vittatum) larvae to insecticidal proteins following exposure to various antibiotics. the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti), produces proteins that are toxic to nemotoceran diptera, such as black flies and mosquitoes, when ingested. these insecticidal crystalline proteins (icps) are highly efficacious in controlling black flies; however, speculation has arisen regarding ... | 2010 | 20821641 |
| cyt1aa protein from bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) serovar israelensis is active against the mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata (wiedemann). | ceratitis capitata (wiedemann) is one of the world's most destructive fruit pests. the aim of this study was to ascertain insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) delta-endotoxins to c. capitata. | 2010 | 20730986 |
| elimination of malaria risk through integrated combination strategies in a tropical military training island. | on the military training facility of tekong island, singapore, a comprehensive vector-borne disease control program was started in end-2006 to reduce mosquito populations and negate the need for anti-malaria chemoprophylaxis. the program was based on 1) preventing importation of malaria through screening of visitors, 2) preventing human-to-mosquito transmission through early case detection and mosquito control, 3) preventing mosquito-to-human transmission through personal protection, and 4) cont ... | 2010 | 20519595 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) provides residual control of aedes aegypti in small containers. | we examined the use of megadoses of vectobac wg for residual control of aedes aegypti in 2-l plastic buckets. doses of 10x, 20x, and 50x the recommended rate of 8 mg/l provided >/= 90% control for 8, 8, and 23 weeks, respectively. there was no significant difference in mortality between dry (neat) or aqueous mixture of vectobac wg. pretreatment of dry containers up to 8 weeks before flooding did not significantly decrease efficacy through 11 success weeks. thus, megadoses of dry formulations of ... | 2010 | 20519600 |
| [effects of transgenic bt crops on non-target soil animals]. | transgenic bt crops are widely planted around the world. with the quick development and extension of genetically modified crops, it is needed to make a deep study on the effects of bt crops on soil ecosystem. this paper reviewed the research progress on the effects of transgenic bt crops on the population dynamics and community structure of soil animals, e.g., earthworm, nematode, springtail, mite, and beetle, etc. the development history of bt crops was introduced, the passway the bt protein co ... | 2010 | 20707123 |
| generation of marker-free bt transgenic indica rice and evaluation of its yellow stem borer resistance. | we report on generation of marker-free (‘clean dna’) transgenic rice (oryza sativa), carrying minimal gene-expression-cassettes of the genes of interest, and evaluation of its resistance to yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: pyralidae). the transgenic indica rice harbours a translational fusion of 2 different bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes, namely cry1b-1aa, driven by the green-tissue-specific phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (pepc) promoter. mature seed-derive ... | 2010 | 20720299 |
| histopathology and the lethal effect of cry proteins and strains of bacillus thuringiensis berliner in spodoptera frugiperda j.e. smith caterpillars (lepidoptera, noctuidae). | among the phytophagous insects which attack crops, the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith, 1797) (lepidoptera, noctuidae) is particularly harmful in the initial growth phase of rice plants. as a potential means of controlling this pest, and considering that the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis berliner demonstrates toxicity due to synthesis of the cry protein, the present study was undertaken to evaluate this toxic effect of b. thuringiensis thuringiensis 407 (ph 408) and b. t ... | 2010 | 20730357 |
| effects of infection with nosema pyrausta on survival and development of offspring of laboratory selected bt-resistant and bt-susceptible european corn borers. | infection with nosema pyrausta paillot lengthens developmental period of bt-susceptible ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) to a similar extent as feeding on cry1ab-incorporated diet in cry1ab-resistant o. nubilalis, and these two factors combined lengthen developmental period further than either alone. resistant o. nubilalis mating with infected susceptible, or infected resistant partners would produce partially- and fully-resistant offspring, respectively, infected with n. pyrausta. to investigate the ... | 2010 | 20673768 |
| mosquito fauna and perspectives for integrated control of urban vector-mosquito populations in southern benin (west africa). | this study aims at an integrated vector management (ivm) concept of implementing biological control agents against vector mosquito larvae as a cost-effective and scalable control strategy. in the first step, the mosquito species composition fauna of southern benin was studied using standard entomological procedures in natural and man-made habitats. altogether, 24 species belonging to 6 genera of mosquitoes aedes, anopheles, culex, mansonia, uranotaenia, ficalbia were recorded. five species, cx. ... | 2010 | 20684480 |
| molecular characterization and rna interference of three midgut aminopeptidase n isozymes from bacillus thuringiensis-susceptible and -resistant strains of sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis. | aminopeptidase n (apn) proteins located at the midgut epithelium of some lepidopteran species have been implicated as receptors for insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis. cdnas of three apn isoforms, dsapn1, dsapn2, and dsapn3, from cry1ab-susceptible (cry1ab-ss) and -resistant (cry1ab-rr) strains of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.) (lepidoptera: crambidae), were identified and sequenced using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and 5' rapid amplifi ... | 2010 | 20685334 |
| analytical particle measurements in an optical microflume. | in this work, microscopic particles in a fluid flow are manipulated using forces generated by a high power laser beam. the resulting manipulations on the particles are imaged using a microscope lens connected to a ccd camera. differential forces on particles of varying physical and chemical composition have been measured. the goal is to measure the optical forces on a diverse range of particles and catalog the associated chemical and physical differences to understand which properties and mechan ... | 2010 | 20685420 |
| [heterogeneous expression of chitinase gene from bcillus licheniformis my75 and the characterization of expressed chimy]. | to heterogeneously express the chitinase gene of bacillus licheniformis strain my75 in e. coli, and to characterize the recombinant chitinase chimy. | 2010 | 20687339 |
| [comparison of midgut bacterial community between bt-resistant and sensitive helicoverpa armigera]. | to investigate the midgut bacterial community of sensitive and resistant helicoverpa armigera for the emergence of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis. | 2010 | 20687351 |
| pore formation by cry toxins. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) bacteria produce insecticidal cry and cyt proteins used in the biological control of different insect pests. in this review, we will focus on the 3d-cry toxins that represent the biggest group of cry proteins and also on cyt toxins. the 3d-cry toxins are pore-forming toxins that induce cell death by forming ionic pores into the membrane of the midgut epithelial cells in their target insect. the initial steps in the mode of action include ingestion of the protoxin, act ... | 2010 | 20687486 |
| decaplex and real-time pcr based detection of mon531 and mon15985 bt cotton events. | the genetically modified (gm) bt crops expressing delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis provide protection against a wide range of lepidopteron insect pests throughout the growing season of the plant. bt cotton is the only commercialized crop in india that is planted on an area of 7.6 million hectares. with the increase in development and commercialization of transgenic crops, it is necessary to develop appropriate qualitative and quantitative methods for detection of different transgenic ... | 2010 | 20687600 |
| activation of the latent plcr regulon in bacillus anthracis. | many genes in bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis are under the control of the transcriptional regulator plcr and its regulatory peptide, papr. in bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, plcr is inactivated by truncation, and consequently genes having plcr binding sites are expressed at very low levels when compared with b. cereus. we found that activation of the plcr regulon in b. anthracis by expression of a plcr-papr fusion protein does not alter sporulation in strains cont ... | 2010 | 20688829 |
| protection against naegleria fowleri infection in mice immunized with cry1ac plus amoebic lysates is dependent on the stat6 th2 response. | we previously reported that intranasal administration of cry1ac protoxin alone or in combination with amoebic lysates increases protection against naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis in mice. those results suggested that both antibody responses and innate immune mechanisms may be participating in the protective effects observed. the present study was aimed to investigate whether the stat6-induced th2 immune response is essential for the resistance to n. fowleri infection, conferred by immuniza ... | 2010 | 20691018 |
| residue 544 in domain iii of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin is involved in protein structure stability. | a unique residue w544 in the beta18-beta19 loop of the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin has been implicated in its toxicity. in this study, the effects of mutations at this residue on protein stability during protease treatment, uv irradiation, and preservation were examined. residue 544 of cry1ac was involved in maintaining structural stability, and substitution of a polar group at this position was unfavorable to protein stability. one mutant, w544f, produced larger crystals and was more st ... | 2010 | 20694575 |
| genetic stability in two commercialized transgenic lines (mon810). | 2010 | 20697396 | |
| possible role of plant allelochemical in clearance of bacteria from the gut of spruce budworm, choristoneura fumiferana. | field results, using bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin in controlling spruce budworms, choristoneura fumiferana, are far less satisfactory than those from the laboratoriesthe role of septicemia has also been shown to be important in mortality. however its relationship with insect diet has not been studied. insect gut juice from spruce budworm fed on balsam foliage inhibited bacterial growth. such activity has not been observed in the gut juice from insects fed on artificial diet. moreover, ... | 2010 | 20700395 |
| quantification of toxins in a cry1ac + cpti cotton cultivar and its potential effects on the honey bee apis mellifera l. | transgenic cry1ac + cpti cotton (ccri41) is increasingly planted throughout china. however, negative effects of this cultivar on the honey bee apis mellifera l., the most important pollinator for cultivated ecosystem, remained poorly investigated. the objective of our study was to evaluate the potential side effects of transgenic cry1ac + cpti pollen from cotton on young adult honey bees a. mellifera l. two points emphasized the significance of our study: (1) a higher expression level of insecti ... | 2010 | 20700762 |
| cyt toxin expression reveals an inverse regulation of insect and plant virulence factors of dickeya dadantii. | the plant pathogenic bacteria dickeya dadantii is also a pathogen of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. the genome of the bacteria contains four cyt genes, encoding homologues of bacillus thuringiensis cyt toxins, which are involved in its pathogenicity to insects. we show here that these genes are transcribed as an operon, and we determined the conditions necessary for their expression. their expression is induced at high temperature and at an osmolarity equivalent to that found in the plant ph ... | 2010 | 20649641 |
| the t box regulatory element controlling expression of the class i lysyl-trna synthetase of bacillus cereus strain 14579 is functional and can be partially induced by reduced charging of asparaginyl-trnaasn. | lysyl-trna synthetase (lysrs) is unique within the aminoacyl-trna synthetase family in that both class i (lysrs1) and class ii (lysrs2) enzymes exist. lysrs1 enzymes are found in archaebacteria and some eubacteria while all other organisms have lysrs2 enzymes. all sequenced strains of bacillus cereus (except ah820) and bacillus thuringiensis however encode both a class i and a class ii lysrs. the lysk gene (encoding lysrs1) of b. cereus strain 14579 has an associated t box element, the first rep ... | 2010 | 20649968 |
| 3'-5' trnahis guanylyltransferase in bacteria. | the identity of the histidine specific transfer rna (trna(his)) is largely determined by a unique guanosine residue at position -1. in eukaryotes and archaea, the trna(his) guanylyltransferase (thg1) catalyzes 3'-5' addition of g to the 5'-terminus of trna(his). here, we show that thg1 also occurs in bacteria. we demonstrate in vitro thg1 activity for recombinant enzymes from the two bacteria bacillus thuringiensis and myxococcus xanthus and provide a closer investigation of several archaeal thg ... | 2010 | 20650272 |
| genetic manipulation in bacillus thuringiensis for strain improvement. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been used as a biopesticide in agriculture, forestry and mosquito control because of its advantages of specific toxicity against target insects, lack of polluting residues and safety to non-target organisms. the insecticidal properties of this bacterium are due to insecticidal proteins produced during sporulation. despite these ecological benefits, the use of bt biopesticides has lagged behind the synthetic chemicals. genetic improvement of bt natural strains, in ... | 2010 | 20652622 |
| intramolecular proteolytic nicking and binding of bacillus thuringiensis cry8da toxin in bbmvs of japanese beetle. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry8d insecticidal proteins are unique among cry8 family proteins in terms of its insecticidal activity against adult scarab beetles, such as japanese beetle (popillia japonica newman). from the sequence homology with other bt cry proteins especially those active against beetles, such as cry3aa whose 3d structure is available, the structure of the cry8d protein has been predicted to be a typical three-domain cry protein type. in addition, the activation process of cry ... | 2010 | 20655921 |
| detection of new cry genes of bacillus thuringiensis by use of a novel pcr primer system. | on the basis of the known cry gene sequences of bacillus thuringiensis, three sets of primers were designed from four conserved blocks found in the delta-endotoxin-coding region. the primer pairs designed amplify the regions between blocks 1 and 5, 2 and 5, and 1 and 4. in silico analyses indicated that 100% of the known three-domain cry gene sequences can be amplified by these sets of primers. to test their ability to amplify known and unknown cry gene sequences, 27 strains from the cinvestav ( ... | 2010 | 20656876 |
| managing resistance to bt crops in a genetically variable insect herbivore, ostrinia nubilalis. | to slow the resistance evolution of the european corn borer (ecb) to cry proteins expressed in transgenic bacillus thuringensis (bt) corn, the united states environmental protection agency (epa) has adopted an insect resistance management (irm) plan that relies on a "high dose/refuge" strategy. however, this irm plan does not consider possible ecological differences between the two ecb pheromone races (e and z). using carbon isotope analysis, we found that unstructured (non-corn) refuges contrib ... | 2010 | 20666246 |
| the role of the electrostatic force in spore adhesion. | electrostatic force is investigated as one of the components of the adhesion force between bacillus thuringiensis (bt) spores and planar surfaces. the surface potentials of a bt spore and a mica surface are experimentally obtained using a combined atomic force microscopy (afm)-scanning surface potential microscopy technique. on the basis of experimental information, the surface charge density of the spores is estimated at 0.03 microc/cm(2) at 20% relative humidity and decreases with increasing h ... | 2010 | 20666490 |
| one-way ticket to the cell pole: plasmid transport by the prokaryotic tubulin homolog tubz. | 2010 | 20616084 | |
| prevalence and diversity of insertion sequences in the genome of bacillus thuringiensis ybt-1520 and comparison with other bacillus cereus group members. | members of the bacillus cereus group are closely related bacteria that exhibit highly divergent pathogenic properties. sequencing of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki strain ybt-1520 revealed an increased number of insertion sequences (iss) compared with those of the published b. cereus group genomes. although some of these iss have been observed and summarized in b. thuringiensis previously, a genomic characterization of their content is required to reveal their distribution and evolution. t ... | 2010 | 20618853 |
| characterizing indirect prey-quality mediated effects of a bt crop on predatory larvae of the green lacewing, chrysoperla carnea. | there is increasing evidence that insecticidal transgenic crops can indirectly cause detrimental effects on arthropod predators or parasitoids when they prey on or parasitize sublethally affected herbivores. our studies revealed that chrysoperla carnea is negatively affected when fed bt-susceptible but not cry1ac-resistant helicoverpa armigera larvae that had fed bt-transgenic cotton expressing cry1ac. this despite the fact that the predators ingested 3.5 times more cry1ac when consuming the res ... | 2010 | 20619267 |
| fumonisin b(1) and implications in nursery swine productivity: a quantitative exposure assessment. | this study estimated the long-term exposure of fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) in nursery swine diets and associated toxicological adverse effects on negative productivity potential using quantitative exposure assessment. fumonisin b(1) is a mycotoxin produced by fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum and is a common biological contaminant of corn (zea mays l.) and other grains. acute effects from fb(1) exposures are well recognized and managed in the swine industry, but practices to limit pr ... | 2010 | 20622179 |
| spatially resolved characterization of water and ion incorporation in bacillus spores. | we present the first direct visualization and quantification of water and ion uptake into the core of individual dormant bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) endospores. isotopic and elemental gradients in the b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis spores show the permeation and incorporation of deuterium in deuterated water (d(2)o) and solvated ions throughout individual spores, including the spore core. under hydrated conditions, incorporation into a spo ... | 2010 | 20348293 |
| expression in escherichia coli of the native cyt1aa from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the gene cyt1aa is one of the genes in the complex determining the mosquito larvicidity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. previous cloning in escherichia coli resulted in a 48-bp addition upstream, encoding a chimera. here, cyt1aa was recloned without the artifact, and its toxicity against aedes aegypti larvae and host e. coli cells was retested. | 2010 | 20348307 |
| natural variation explains most transcriptomic changes among maize plants of mon810 and comparable non-gm varieties subjected to two n-fertilization farming practices. | the introduction of genetically modified organisms (gmo) in many countries follows strict regulations to ensure that only safety-tested products are marketed. over the last few years, targeted approaches have been complemented by profiling methods to assess possible unintended effects of transformation. here we used a commercial (affymertix) microarray platform (i.e. allowing assessing the expression of approximately 1/3 of the genes of maize) to evaluate transcriptional differences between comm ... | 2010 | 20349115 |
| single concentration tests show synergism among bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxins against the malaria vector mosquito anopheles albimanus. | bioassays of insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis with larvae of the malaria vector mosquito anopheles albimanus showed that the cytolytic protein cyt1aa was not toxic alone, but it increased the toxicity of the crystalline proteins cry4ba and cry11aa. synergism also occurred between cry4ba and cry11aa toxins. whereas many previous analyses of synergism have been based on a series of toxin concentrations leading to comparisons between expected and observed values ... | 2010 | 20361977 |
| multiple reciprocal adaptations and rapid genetic change upon experimental coevolution of an animal host and its microbial parasite. | the coevolution between hosts and parasites is predicted to have complex evolutionary consequences for both antagonists, often within short time periods. to date, conclusive experimental support for the predictions is available mainly for microbial host systems, but for only a few multicellular host taxa. we here introduce a model system of experimental coevolution that consists of the multicellular nematode host caenorhabditis elegans and the microbial parasite bacillus thuringiensis. we demons ... | 2010 | 20368449 |
| binding site alteration is responsible for field-isolated resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry2a insecticidal proteins in two helicoverpa species. | evolution of resistance by target pests is the main threat to the long-term efficacy of crops expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal proteins. cry2 proteins play a pivotal role in current bt spray formulations and transgenic crops and they complement cry1a proteins because of their different mode of action. their presence is critical in the control of those lepidopteran species, such as helicoverpa spp., which are not highly susceptible to cry1a proteins. in australia, a transgenic ... | 2010 | 20376312 |
| a viral histone h4 suppresses expression of a transferrin that plays a role in the immune response of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. | a transferrin (tf) gene has been predicted from an expressed sequence tag of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella. it encodes 681 amino acid residues that share 80-90% sequence homologies with other lepidopteran tfs. the gene was constitutively expressed in all developmental stages of p. xylostella. double-stranded rna (dsrna) specific to the tf gene was prepared and microinjected into the larvae. we hypothesize that the dsrna treatment suppressed the tf gene expression level and it signifi ... | 2010 | 20491980 |
| integration of insecticidal protein vip3aa1 into beauveria bassiana enhances fungal virulence to spodoptera litura larvae by cuticle and per os infection. | the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana acts slowly on insect pests through cuticle infection. vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip3a) of bacillus thuringiensis kill lepidopteran pests rapidly, via per os infection, but their use for pest control is restricted to integration into transgenic plants. a transgenic b. bassiana strain (bbv28) expressing vip3aa1 (a vip3a toxin) was thus created to infect the larvae of the oriental leafworm moth spodoptera litura through conidial ingestion and ... | 2010 | 20495052 |
| culex mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) egg laying in traps loaded with bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis and baited with skatole. | the southern house mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus, is an important human health pest as a vector of several pathogens, including agents of lymphatic filariasis and arboviruses like west nile virus. we conducted preliminary experiments in recife, brazil, to explore applications of culex oviposition attractants in combination with bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis (bti) in an attract-and-kill approach. simple, cost-effective oviposition traps, br-ovt, loaded with bti and baited with or ... | 2010 | 20496581 |
| environmental factors determining the epidemiology and population genetic structure of the bacillus cereus group in the field. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and its insecticidal toxins are widely exploited in microbial biopesticides and genetically modified crops. its population biology is, however, poorly understood. important issues for the safe, sustainable exploitation of bt include understanding how selection maintains expression of insecticidal toxins in nature, whether entomopathogenic bt is ecologically distinct from related human pathogens in the bacillus cereus group, and how the use of microbial pesticides alte ... | 2010 | 20502683 |
| swapping the chitin-binding domain in bacillus chitinases improves the substrate binding affinity and conformational stability. | chitinase from bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus licheniformis consisting of an n-terminal catalytic domain (gh18) and a c-terminal chitin-binding domain (chbd), were cloned and characterised. in order to study the importance of individual domains, chimeric chitinases (btgh-blichbd and bligh-btchbd) were constructed using domain swapping as a strategy to exchange the cbd of btgh-chbd with that of bligh-chbd and vice versa. both chimeric chitinases showed increased affinity to colloidal chitin. ... | 2010 | 20502809 |
| a six-year study of insect emergence from temporary flooded wetlands in central sweden, with and without bti-based mosquito control. | in temporary wetlands in the river dalälven floodplains, recurrent but irregular floods induce massive hatching of the flood-water mosquito aedes sticticus, which causes enormous nuisance. flood-water mosquito control using the biological larvicide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) was commenced in parts of the floodplains during 2002, and here we report the first six years of full-season monitoring of general insect emergence from temporary wetlands with and without treatment. emerg ... | 2010 | 20504386 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of a full-length active form of the cry4ba toxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | to obtain a complete structure of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba mosquito-larvicidal protein, a 65 kda functional form of the cry4ba-r203q mutant toxin was generated for crystallization by eliminating the tryptic cleavage site at arg203. the 65 kda trypsin-resistant fragment was purified and crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. the crystals belonged to the rhombohedral space group r32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 184.62, c = 187.36 a. diffraction data were collec ... | 2010 | 20516610 |
| prospective formulation of environmental risk assessments: probabilistic screening for cry1a(b) maize risk to aquatic insects. | a critical first step for environmental risk assessment is problem formulation to identify environmental entities of concern and determinants of exposure that place these entities at risk. a conservative screening level approach was used to evaluate the potential risk to sensitive aquatic species from maize-expressed cry1a(b) protein occurring in a representative agroecosystem. estimated environmental concentrations for cry1a(b) were compared to threshold concentrations of concern for putative s ... | 2010 | 20561683 |
| field evaluation against aedes aegypti larvae of aluminum-carboxymethylcellulose-encapsulated spore-toxin complex formulation of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis. | the insecticidal activity after field exposure of an aluminum-carboxymethylcellulose microencapsulated formulation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) spore-toxin complex, with malachite green as photoprotective agent, was evaluated using third-instar aedes aegypti (l.) larvae in laboratory bioassays in veracruz, méxico. four insecticide treatments and an untreated control were compared at low and high doses over 96 d of field exposure under full sun or full shade conditions: 1) microenc ... | 2010 | 20568600 |
| effect of clonal variation among hybrid poplars on susceptibility of gypsy moth (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | trees in the genus populus can provide substantial commercial and ecological benefits, including sustainable alternatives to traditional forestry. realization of this potential requires intensive management, but damage by defoliating insects can severely limit productivity in such systems. two approaches to limiting these losses include cultivation of poplar varieties with inherent resistance to pests and application of microbial pesticides. little is known about the interaction between host res ... | 2010 | 20568617 |
| selection experiments to assess fitness costs associated with cry2ab resistance in helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | population cage experiments were employed to detect variability in fitness among cry2ab resistant and cry2ab susceptible genotypes of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). in two experiments, reciprocal crosses between a cry2ab resistant colony (sp15) and a susceptible colony (gr) established populations where the frequency of the allele that conferred resistance was 0.5. experimental populations were then maintained without exposure to cry toxins. at the f2 generation and on l ... | 2010 | 20568630 |
| modeling evolution of diabrotica virgifera virgifera (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) to transgenic corn with two insecticidal traits. | a simulation model of the population dynamics and genetics of western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), was created to evaluate the use of refuges in the management of resistance to transgenic insecticidal corn, zea mays l., expressing one or two toxin traits. hypothetical scenarios and a case study of a corn hybrid pyramided with existing toxins are simulated. in the hypothetical situations, results demonstrated that evolution is generally delaye ... | 2010 | 20568632 |
| offspring from sequential matings between bacillus thuringiensis-resistant and bacillus thuringiensis-susceptible heliothis virescens moths (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the tobacco budworm, heliothis virescens (f.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is an economically important pest of the americas. females of this species copulate multiple times during their lifetimes, and the presence of sperm from multiple males inside them could allow for a diversity of paternal genotypes in the offspring, unless there was complete precedence of sperm from the first mating. if a female copulates with a male that is insecticide-susceptible and another male that is insecticide-resista ... | 2010 | 20568633 |
| activity of bacillus thuringiensis isolates against immature horn fly and stable fly (diptera: muscidae). | we screened 85 isolates of bacillus thuringiensis (berliner), making up 57 different subspecies, and two isolates of bacillus sphaericus (meyer and neide) for activity against immature horn flies, haematobia irritans (l.), and stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). the majority of b. thuringiensis and the b. sphaericus isolates had little or no activity against horn fly and stable fly. approximately 87% of the isolates caused < 50% mortality of horn fly larvae and 64% caused < 25% mortality. fo ... | 2010 | 20568651 |
| microcalorimetric and potentiometric titration studies on the adsorption of copper by p. putida and b. thuringiensis and their composites with minerals. | in order to have a better understanding of the interactions of heavy metals with bacteria and minerals in soil and associated environments, isothermal titration calorimetry (itc), potentiometric titration and equilibrium sorption experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption behavior of cu(ii) by bacillus thuringiensis, pseudomonas putida and their composites with minerals. the interaction of montmorillonite with bacteria increased the reactive sites and resulted in greater adsorption ... | 2010 | 20576350 |
| defining specific lipid binding sites for a peripheral membrane protein in situ using subtesla field-cycling nmr. | despite the profound physiological consequences associated with peripheral membrane protein localization, only a rudimentary understanding of the interactions of proteins with membrane surfaces exists because these questions are inaccessible by commonly used structural techniques. here, we combine high resolution field-cycling (31)p nmr relaxation methods with spin-labeled proteins to delineate specific interactions of a bacterial phospholipase c with phospholipid vesicles. unexpectedly, discret ... | 2010 | 20576615 |
| effects of long-term feeding of genetically modified corn (event mon810) on the performance of lactating dairy cows. | a long-term study over 25 months was conducted to evaluate the effects of genetically modified corn on performance of lactating dairy cows. thirty-six dairy cows were assigned to two feeding groups and fed with diets based on whole-crop silage, kernels and whole-crop cobs from bt-corn (bt-mon810) or its isogenic not genetically modified counterpart (con) as main components. the study included two consecutive lactations. there were no differences in the chemical composition and estimated net ener ... | 2010 | 20579187 |