Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| association of plasmids with the carbohydrate composition of the o-antigen in shigella dysenteriae type 1. | six different prepared mutant strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 with various combinations of 'core' plasmids of 140, 6, and 2 mdal, were cultivated separately and their lipopolysaccharide (lps) samples were isolated, which on delipidation afforded polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. the lps and prepared o-antigen polysaccharides were subjected to acid hydrolysis, and the constituent sugars were analysed by paper chromatography and gas liquid chromatography (glc), using cp sil 8 cb fused s ... | 1993 | 7691922 |
| function of the rfb gene cluster and the rfe gene in the synthesis of o antigen by shigella dysenteriae 1. | a plasmid that included both an 8.9 kb chromosomal dna insert containing genes from the rfb cluster of shigella dysenteriae 1 and a smaller insert containing the rfp gene from a s. dysenteriae 1 multicopy plasmid resulted in efficient expression of o antigen in an rfb-deleted strain of escherichia coli k-12. eight genes were identified in the rfb fragment: the rfbb-cad cluster which encodes dtdp-rhamnose synthesis, rfbx which encodes a hydrophobic protein involved in assembly of the o antigen, r ... | 1993 | 7692219 |
| binding of the o-antigen of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and 26 related synthetic fragments to a monoclonal igm antibody. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 possesses an o-antigen whose repeating unit is -->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-galp -(1-->3)-alpha-d- glcpnac-(1-->, where rhap is rhamnopyranosyl, galp is galactopyranosyl, and glcp is glucopyranosyl. using ligand-induced protein fluorescence change, we have measured the affinities of a monoclonal murine igm for 26 fragments of, or related to, the structure of the o-polysaccharide and of the igm fab for the intact o-specific bacterial polysacc ... | 1993 | 7503987 |
| [a morphological evaluation of the protective properties of noninvasive recombinant strains of shigella]. | in 2-3 weeks after the oral immunization of rabbits, made in one or two administrations, with attenuated two-marker s. dysenteriae 1 strain vs-12 and recombinant s. dysenteriae vs-12/s. sonnei nr-18 and s. flexneri y433/s. sonnei nr-18 pronounced immunological reaction developed in the mucous membrane of the small intestine: blast transformation follicles of peyer's patches, an increase in the number of lymphoblasts and plasmocytes in the cupolae of follicles and in intestinal villi, and an incr ... | 1993 | 8059565 |
| [a morphological evaluation of the harmlessness of noninvasive recombinant shigella strains]. | the interaction of shigella recombinant strains (with attenuating chromosomal mutations, with transposon-neutralized plasmid gene mutations, the hybrids of both strains), incapable of inducing keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs, with cells hep-2 and enterocytes in the ligated loop of the small intestine of rabbits was studied. these strains retained, to varying extent, pronounced adhesiveness, but practically lost their invasiveness (though in peyer's patches the translocation of bacteria by m- ... | 1993 | 8067094 |
| endotoxin-stimulated production of rat hypothalamic interleukin-1 beta in vivo and in vitro, measured by specific immunoradiometric assay. | regulation of a number of aspects of the acute-phase response, including induction of fever and activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, occurs within the hypothalamus. the acute-phase response appears to be co-ordinated by the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (il-1). a number of studies using hybridization techniques to measure il-1 gene expression and immunocytochemistry to localize immunoactive il-1 have established the concept that the central nervous system, and in particula ... | 1993 | 8240669 |
| prostacyclin in diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome. | the role of prostacyclin (pgi2) in the pathogenesis of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) is controversial. in part, confusion has been caused by failure to distinguish between two main sub-types of the syndrome: extrinsic, diarrhoea-associated hus (d+ hus), usually caused by infection with verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli or shigella dysenteriae, and the heterogeneous group of non-prodromal forms where intrinsic factors predominate (d- hus). this paper critically reviews data confined to ... | 1993 | 8251312 |
| leukaemoid reaction in diarrhoeal diseases. | there was an outbreak of diarrhoea/dysentery in naxalbari, north bengal in august-september of 1992. ninety-seven cases were investigated. bacterial pathogens were isolated from stools of 17 cases and the organisms were salmonella typhimurium (76%), salmonella enteritidis (12%) and shigella dysenteriae type 1(12%). a leukaemoid reaction was observed in 4 cases (24%) amongst all 17 patients and they were all children. | 1993 | 8263332 |
| serum antibody responses against shigella lipopolysaccharides and invasion plasmid-coded antigens in shigella infected swedish patients. | serum antibody responses to shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps) and invasion plasmid-coded antigens (ipa) were studied in 74 swedish patients with culture verified bacillary dysentery using class-specific enzyme immunoassay (eia). anti-lps responses were found in 80% and 79% serum samples, respectively, from s. flexneri and s. sonnei infected patients and anti-ipa responses in 60% and 43%, respectively. the mean anti-ipa igg antibody titres in s. flexneri infected patients remained high for 4-6 mo ... | 1993 | 8284641 |
| recent trends in the epidemiology of shigella species in israel. | trends in the epidemiology of infections due to shigella species over a period of 6 years (1986-1991) in israel were studied by analysis of the results of 51,300 stool cultures, of which 2,987 yielded shigella species. in a university hospital, the relative prevalence of shigella sonnei in patients with shigellosis increased over the years from 60% in 1986 to 91% in 1991 (r = 0.93; p = .007); concomitantly, the prevalence of shigella flexneri decreased from 29% to only 8% (r = -0.80; p < .05). i ... | 1993 | 8286636 |
| use of the vibrio cholerae irga gene as a locus for insertion and expression of heterologous antigens in cholera vaccine strains. | vibrio cholerae may be a particularly effective organism for use in delivering heterologous antigens to stimulate a common mucosal immune response. a live attenuated vaccine strain of v. cholerae was constructed from the ctxa deletion mutant 0395-n1, containing the b subunit of shiga-like toxin i under the transcriptional control of the iron-regulated irga promoter. the b subunit of shiga-like toxin i is identical to the b subunit of shiga toxin (stxb). irga encodes the major iron-regulated oute ... | 1993 | 8296486 |
| evaluation of a technique for identification of shiga-like toxin-producing escherichia coli by using polymerase chain reaction and digoxigenin-labeled probes. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for the identification of shiga-like toxin (slt)-producing escherichia coli was assessed by using 95 strains of slt-producing e. coli and 5 shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains. pcr was used for the amplification of slt gene sequences from whole bacterial colonies. a digoxigenin-labeled dna probe was used for identification of the pcr products in a spot blot hybridization assay. modifications were made to adapt this technique for the proper identificati ... | 1993 | 8308107 |
| sequence of a variant shiga-like toxin type-i operon of escherichia coli o111:h-. | pcr amplification was used to screen faecal isolates of escherichia coli from a 12-month-old boy with haemolytic uraemic syndrome for the presence of shiga-like toxin (slt)-encoding genes. one isolate, belonging to serotype o111:h-, was positive for slt-i by this method. uv induction indicated that the strain was lysogenic for a lambdoid bacteriophage, but this did not encode the toxin. southern hybridization analysis of chromosomal dna revealed that the slt-i gene was located on an 8.5-kb ecori ... | 1993 | 8335264 |
| purification and crystallization of shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae. | the protein toxin produced by shigella dysenteriae consists of one enzymatically active a subunit of 293 amino acid residues and five b subunits of 69 amino acid residues that are involved with cell attachment. the holotoxin has been purified by blue sepharose and chromatofocusing column chromatography. two crystal forms of purified holotoxin have been grown by vapor diffusion. one grows as fine needles, hexagonal in cross-section, which do not diffract well enough to characterize crystallograph ... | 1993 | 8345529 |
| synthesis of a tetrasaccharide donor corresponding to the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | o-(2,4-di-o-benzoyl-3-o-chloroacetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1--> 2)-o-(3,4,6-tri-o-benzoyl-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1--> 3)-o-(2-acetamido-4,6-di-o-acetyl-2-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-(1--> 3)-2,4-di-o-benzoyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (1) was synthesized in a stepwise manner, using the following monosaccharide units: 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2,4-di-o-benzoyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside, 2-azido-4,6-o-benzylidene-3-o-chloroacetyl-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosyl chloride, met ... | 1993 | 8348552 |
| minimum domain of the shiga toxin a subunit required for enzymatic activity. | the minimum sequence of the enzymatic (a) subunit of shiga toxin (stx) required for activity was investigated by introducing n-terminal and c-terminal deletions in the molecule. enzymatic activity was assessed by using an in vitro translation system. a 253-amino-acid stx a polypeptide, which is recognized as the enzymatically active portion of the 293-amino-acid a subunit, expressed less than wild-type levels of activity. in addition, alteration of the proposed nicking site between ala-253 and s ... | 1993 | 8349540 |
| synthesis, characterization, and clinical evaluation of conjugate vaccines composed of the o-specific polysaccharides of shigella dysenteriae type 1, shigella flexneri type 2a, and shigella sonnei (plesiomonas shigelloides) bound to bacterial toxoids. | the theoretic basis for developing conjugate vaccines, to induce immunoglobulin g (igg) lipopolysaccharide (lps) antibodies for the prevention of shigellosis, has been described (j. b. robbins, c.-y. chu, and r. schneerson, clin. infect. dis. 15:346-361, 1992). the o-specific polysaccharides (o-sps) of shigella dysenteriae type 1, s. flexneri type 2a, and s. sonnei were covalently bound to carrier proteins. alone, the o-sps were not immunogenic in mice. conjugates of these o-sps, injected into y ... | 1993 | 8359890 |
| shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: interleukin-1 beta enhancement of shiga toxin cytotoxicity toward human vascular endothelial cells in vitro. | development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) after infection by shigella dysenteriae 1 or enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli has been associated with the production of shiga toxins (verotoxins). the putative target of shiga toxins in hus is the renal microvascular endothelium. this report shows that preincubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) with interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) enhances the cytotoxic potency of shiga toxin toward huvec. a preincubation of huvec with il-1 be ... | 1993 | 8359910 |
| mutator plasmid in a nalidixic acid-resistant strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | a clinical isolate of shigella dysenteriae from kashmir, resistant to seven antibacterial agents including nalidixic acid, carried four plasmids, only one of which was transferable by conjugation. this plasmid, designated pyd1, conferred trimethoprim resistance and increased the frequency of mutation to nalidixic acid resistance in recipient strains. thus, although nalidixic acid resistance was not carried on a transferable plasmid, the presence of pyd1 increased the frequency at which the strai ... | 1993 | 8360123 |
| characterisation of plesiomonas shigelloides strains that share type-specific antigen with shigella flexneri 6 and common group 1 antigen with shigella flexneri spp. and shigella dysenteriae 1. | three strains of plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from patients with diarrhoea were agglutinated with shigella flexneri 6 antiserum in slide and tube tests. all the strains were also agglutinated with a monoclonal antibody to the common group 1 antigen shared between s. flexneri serotypes and s. dysenteriae type 1. further studies with one strain also showed sharing of antigenicity in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the results suggest that the strains share type-specific antigen with s. ... | 1993 | 8366520 |
| hemolytic uremic syndrome: clinical picture and bacterial connection. | 1993 | 8397909 | |
| production of mucinase and neuraminidase and binding of shigella to intestinal mucin. | production of mucinase and neuraminidase by shigella spp. and their ability to bind to mucin was investigated. all four species of shigella produced these enzymes. virulent and avirulent pairs of shigella did not differ in their ability to produce the enzymes after 18 h of growth. however, a significant difference in neuraminidase production was noted in shigella dysenteriae type 1 and s. boydii (12-15) at 10 h growth. avirulent strains of s. dysenteriae type 1, s. flexneri 2a, and s. boydii bou ... | 1993 | 8409287 |
| role of shigella dysenteriae type 1 slime polysaccharide in resistance to serum killing and phagocytosis. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 produce a slime polysaccharide when cultivated in vivo in adult rabbit ileal loops or in vitro in casamino acid yeast extract broth medium which promotes hemagglutination of these bacteria. seven strains of s. dysenteriae 1 grown in vitro and in vivo and possessing slime polysaccharides resisted killing by normal human serum as compared to bacteria grown under conditions which do not stimulate the production of capsular polysaccharide and did not resist serum killing ... | 1993 | 8412617 |
| enteric protein loss during shigellosis. | to determine whether protein-losing enteropathy occurs during shigellosis, we measured concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin in sequential stool samples from 110 adults hospitalized with acute dysentery due to shigella infection. mean stool concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin on admission were 10.9 micrograms/mg dry weight of stool. stool alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) lower on the 3rd and 5th study days (4.1 and 2.2 micrograms/mg, respectively) than on admis ... | 1993 | 8420274 |
| concentrations of interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor in serum and stools of children with shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. | serum interleukin 6 (il-6) and tumour necrosis factor (tnf) were measured in children with dysentery during an epidemic caused by shigella dysenteriae 1. il-6 and tnf were also measured in fresh stool filtrates from children with acute gastroenteritis. the median serum il-6 concentration was raised significantly in the children with complications (haemolytic uraemic syndrome, leukemoid reaction, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, and severe colitis lasting more than one week) during the first wee ... | 1993 | 8432472 |
| immune response against lipopolysaccharide and invasion plasmid-coded antigens of shigellae in vietnamese and swedish dysenteric patients. | the peripheral immune responses of adult vietnamese patients infected with shigella dysenteriae 1 and shigella flexneri 1b and 2a and those of s. flexneri-infected swedish patients were studied against various lipopolysaccharide and invasion plasmid-coded antigens (ipa-s) and compared with the titers for the corresponding local healthy populations. both vietnamese and swedish patients reacted with significant (p, < 0.05) titer increases in the immunoglobulin a and g classes against the homologou ... | 1993 | 8432838 |
| rectal histopathology in endemic shigella and salmonella diarrhea. | rectal histopathology was evaluated in 34 cases (2 months-12 yrs old) of endemic "invasive diarrhea" [> 20 wbcs per high-power field on stool microscopy with (rbc positive) or without (rbc negative) associated rbcs] where s. dysenteriae (n = 9), s. flexneri (n = 11), and nontyphoidal salmonella were isolated as the sole identifiable enteropathogens. persistent diarrhea (> 14 days duration) was more common with salmonella infection whereas rbc-positive "invasive diarrhea" was more frequent with s ... | 1993 | 8433237 |
| detection of escherichia coli in sewage and sludge by polymerase chain reaction. | a method in which the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used was developed to amplify either a uida gene fragment or a 16s rrna gene fragment from escherichia coli in sewage and sludge. because of interference caused by humic acidlike substances, crude dna extracts were purified with a sephadex g-200 spun column before the pcr was begun. a southern analysis in which a nonradioactive chemiluminescent method was used was performed to confirm the presence of pcr products. the sensitivity of detec ... | 1993 | 8434906 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent-antibody methods for detecting viable but nonculturable shigella dysenteriae type 1 in laboratory microcosms. | epidemiological studies of shigellosis in bangladesh have demonstrated that surface-water sources can act as foci of infection. studies of laboratory microcosms have shown that shigellae become nonculturable but remain viable when exposed to environmental samples of water. the present study was carried out to detect viable but nonculturable shigella dysenteriae 1 from laboratory microcosms by the polymerase chain reaction and the fluorescent-antibody techniques. s. dysenteriae 1 was inoculated i ... | 1993 | 8434918 |
| superoxide dismutase and the resistance of escherichia coli to phagocytic killing by human neutrophils. | transformation of escherichia coli k-12-derived strains with a plasmid carrying the genetic determinants for synthesis of lipopolysaccharide o antigen by shigella dysenteriae allows the construction of phenotypically smooth derivatives. we show that such e. coli k-12 derivatives are highly resistant to killing by human serum. isogenic wild-type and sodb mutant (fe superoxide dismutase-deficient) strains were constructed. the results of experiments on phagocytic killing of these strains by human ... | 1993 | 8454348 |
| rapid detection of shigella dysenteriae and shigella flexneri in faeces by an immunomagnetic assay with monoclonal antibodies. | a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri serotypes in faeces based on capture of the bacteria with immunomagnetic particles is described. the particles were coated with either of two different monoclonal antibodies specific for the o-antigens of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri serotypes. captured bacteria were detected by an enzyme immunoassay with o-antigen specific rabbit antiserum. the whole assay required 2 to 3 hou ... | 1993 | 8462557 |
| a monoclonal antibody to shigella dysenteriae serotype 13 cross-reacting with shiga toxin. | a monoclonal antibody (mab ict6) was produced against the newly described shigella dysenteriae serotype type 13. the mab was of igm isotype and recognized purified shiga toxin in elisa and immunoblot. it also recognized periplasmic extract s. dysenteriae type 13 in immunoblot as did an affinity-purified polyclonal rabbit antiserum and a previously described monoclonal antibody to the b subunit of shiga toxin. the mab ict6 did not neutralize the cytotoxic effects or s. dysenteriae type 13, shiga ... | 1993 | 8472916 |
| role of bacterial cytotoxins in hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. | bacterial cytotoxins, which are produced by shigella dysenteriae 1 and certain e. coli serotypes, kill mammalian cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. they have been related to hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, probably by initial insult to vascular endothelial cells. this insight opened new avenues of research and possible interventions. | 1993 | 8476235 |
| shigellemia in aids patients: case report and review of the literature. | shigella bacteremia in adult patients is rare and is usually associated with immunosuppressive diseases. to date, 12 hiv-positive patients with shigella bacteremia have been reported in the medical literature. we report a case of shigella dysenteriae bacteremia in a 39-year-old hiv-positive patient. although the patient presented with bloody and watery diarrhea, stool cultures failed to grow enteric pathogens. the patient responded well to appropriate antibiotic therapy. | 1993 | 8491521 |
| isolation of shigella dysenteriae serotypes 11, 12, and 13 from patients with diarrhea in bangladesh. | nine isolates of bacteria biochemically resembling shigella dysenteriae but not belonging to the 10 recognized serotypes were isolated from patients with diarrhea in bangladesh. further studies suggested that two, one, and six isolates belonged to the recently recognized s. dysenteriae serotypes 11, 12, and 13, respectively. | 1993 | 8501251 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding a 31-kilodalton antigen of haemophilus somnus. | immunoblots using bovine antibody against haemophilus somnus as the primary antibody consistently identified 31-, 40- and 78-kda proteins in sarkosyl-insoluble extracts of h. somnus. a genomic library of h. somnus 8025 dna was constructed in plasmid puc19, and 45 recombinants expressed proteins which were recognized by bovine antiserum in western blots (immunoblots). ten of the recombinants expressing a 31-kda protein caused the lysis of bovine erythrocytes. restriction endonuclease mapping indi ... | 1993 | 8514383 |
| molecular studies of plasmids of multiply-resistant shigella spp. in hong kong. | one hundred and two shigella spp. isolated in two hospitals in hong kong were analysed for antibiotic resistances, resistance plasmids and plasmid profiles. three quarters of the isolates were s. flexneri. all isolates harboured plasmids, up to a maximum of ten within one strain. plasmids of 220 kb encoding resistances to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and sulphonamide and probably also associated with invasiveness in the sereny test were found in 80 strains and were transferable in 18% of cases. ... | 1993 | 8519309 |
| plasmid profiles of shigella and salmonella spp. isolated from diarrhoeic humans in ibadan, nigeria. | clinical isolates of shigella flexneri, s. dysentariae, s. boydii and salmonella spp. were screened for the presence of plasmids. most of the isolates harboured more than one plasmid ranging in molecular size from 1.3 to 36.1 x 10(6) daltons. very large plasmids were not encountered. | 1993 | 7839920 |
| expression of shiga toxin b subunit at cell surface in e. coli k-12. | the three parts (stx17b, stx27b and stxb) of shiga toxin b subunit have been fused into a cell surface exposed loop of the lamb protein at a bamh i site between residues 153 and 154. western blotting revealed that the three parts of shiga toxin b subunit could be expressed as the lamb fusion proteins in e. coli. indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy analyses showed fusion proteins lamb/stx17b and lamb/stx27b could be expressed at cell surface in e. coli, but fusion protein la ... | 1993 | 8142024 |
| aetiology of haemorrhagic colitis epidemic in africa. | 1993 | 8101270 | |
| [vaccination against the enterobacteriaceae responsible for enteric infections]. | development of vaccines against enterobacterial species responsible for enteric infections sounds like an unrealistic project. on the other hand, based on our growing understanding of the pathogenesis of infections caused by the major species (i.e. salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli) and on our better characterization of the immunological parameters of mucosal protection, it is likely that a limited number of vaccines controlling dise ... | 1993 | 8193944 |
| [secretive export of stxb/hlya (ct) fusion protein and b subunit specific antibody responses in mice]. | in this study, the shiga toxin b subunit has been fused to haemolysin a c-terminus. the fusion protein stxb/hlya(ct) can be exported to the external medium not only from e. coli k-12 but also from s. typhimurium aroa strain sl3261. when the plasmid puc18 was used as vector, stxb/hlya(ct) was toxic to hosts. but the fusion protein was stable and safe to hosts when the puc18 was replaced with pbr322. the fusion protein can be expressed and exported to the external medium under either the aerobacti ... | 1993 | 8161471 |
| high level expression of shiga toxin b subunit of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 in escherichia coli. | in this study the gene encoding the shiga toxin (stx) was cloned from the chromosomal dna of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (w30864). the stx gene was located in a 4.5kb ecori fragment. the biological assay revealed that the hybrid plasmid pmgc001 containing the stx gene could produce shiga toxin. the amount of stx was 16 times more than that produced by its parent. the cloned strain showed cytotoxic, entorotoxic and neurotoxic activities. the gene for stx-b subunit was subcloned into a plasmid ... | 1993 | 8155839 |
| computed tomography. clinical aspects: cerebrovascular diseases and head injuries. | 1993 | 281090 | |
| [new aspects and prospects of implants of the anterior chamber]. | 1993 | 3250785 | |
| implications of technology assessment and diffusion for dental research. | the possible implications of the assessment and diffusion of technology for dental research are explored in two areas: prevention of dental caries and prevention of periodontal disease. future concepts and their potential alternatives for the profession, the public, and government agencies are examined in terms of the social, economic, and political aspects of dental health care delivery. consideration is given to their impact on industry and education. | 1993 | 281383 |
| [osteology: the skull]. | 1993 | 280925 | |
| [the narrowest speaking distance--a factor in the recording of jaw relation]. | 1993 | 281064 | |
| formalizing grassman's laws in a generalized colorimetry. | 1993 | 262788 | |
| implications of euthanasia--a nursing perspective. | 1992 | 265356 | |
| [a case of infant temporomandibular arthrosis (author's transl)]. | 1992 | 270532 | |
| nurses launch successful political action. | 1992 | 257321 | |
| nursing care study. complications of old age: the uncaring professionals. | 1992 | 257608 | |
| [research on sterilization of pathogens by high electrostatic voltage method]. | an experimental research has been carried out on the sterilization of four kinds of pathogens by high electrostatic method along with an inquiry into the influence of voltage waveform and the treated time on sterilization. it is concluded that pathogens can be killed efficiently by corona discharge field. | 1992 | 1294177 |
| bacterial endotoxins as potential antitumor agents. tumor mass loss in mice treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharides of shigella dysenteriae serovar 1. | natural and modified preparations of lipopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes isolated from the s- and r-form of shigella dysenteriae serovar 1 were found to markedly inhibit the initial growth of mouse solid tumors derived from németh-kellner lymphoma, gardner 6c3hed lymphoma, an ill-defined syngeneic lymphoma of dba mice (skalsky lymphoma) and lp-2 plasmacytoma. the biopreparations were given intraperitoneally, most frequently at a dose range from 50 to 200 micrograms per m ... | 1992 | 1296928 |
| composition of lipid a in the s and r forms of shigella dysenteriae serovar 1. | a chemical analysis was performed of lipid a, isolated by acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide from the s and r forms of shigella dysenteriae serovar 1. differences in the moiety of both lipids and sugars were compared. the lipid portion consisted of a homologous series of fatty acids ranging from c12:0 to c18:0 (predominant homologues, c12:0, c14:0 and c16:0) and the homologous series of 3-hydroxy acids ranging from c12:0 to c16:0 (predominant homologue, 3-oh-c14:0). the major sugar portio ... | 1992 | 1303686 |
| [recombinant human erythropoietin]. | 1992 | 1307066 | |
| a 4-kilobase congo red binding plasmid dna fragment of shigella dysenteriae 1 suppresses the growth and cell differentiation in escherichia coli. | a 4-kilobase congo red binding plasmid dna fragment of pcat 120 of shigella dysenteriae 1 was transferred to an escherichia coli k12 strain by transformation. transformants were unable to grow in any liquid broth medium. electron microscopic studies revealed that the transformants grown on tryptic soy agar were associated in clusters after cell division. normal cell separation among the transformants in comparison with recipient e. coli k12 was only observed when the growth medium was supplement ... | 1992 | 1307443 |
| in situ hybridization of calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase ii and tau mrnas; species differences and relative preservation in alzheimer's disease. | abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule associated protein tau component of neurofibrillary tangles (nfts) in alzheimer's disease (ad) may result from alterations in protein kinase expression. calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase ii (cam kinase ii) has been shown to phosphorylate tau in vitro in such a way to decrease its electrophoretic mobility. a68, apparently a modified form of tau in ad brain, also shows abnormal phosphorylation and slower mobility than tau. to further examine th ... | 1992 | 1312209 |
| which twin has the toni? commentary on j. d. sinclair. | 1992 | 1317159 | |
| [bacteriology of shigella isolated in a tropical zone chu]. | from 1981 to 1991, five hundred eighty one shigella's strains were isolated in the laboratories of the chu fann of dakar. they represent 24.8 per cent of enteropathogen agents and 4.3 per cent of diarrhoeae causative agents. shigella flexneri was predominant (71%), following by shigella dysenteriae (14.5%), shigella sonnei (11.4%) and shigella boydii (2.5%). in pediatric hospital 90 per cent of strains were isolated between 1 and 5 years age; in adults, the pic was found from 20 to 30 years. fiv ... | 1992 | 1345084 |
| sexual transmission of htlv infections in southern india. | 1992 | 1346809 | |
| molecular probe analysis of shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolates from 1940 to 1987. | fourteen strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 (shiga bacillus) isolated from people in diverse locations from 1940 to 1987 were studied. southern hybridization with three cloned escherichia coli genes, shiga-like toxin i (slti), frd, and ompf, was used to determine restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the genomic dna of these strains. digestion with each of four restriction endonucleases generated fragments of identical size to which the frd and ompf hybridized for each of the 14 ... | 1992 | 1353066 |
| molecular epidemiology of shigella infections in israel. | the dnas of shigella sonnei or shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated in outbreaks of shigellosis or in sporadic cases were analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). southern blots of the dnas of 36 s. sonnei isolates digested by 8 restriction enzymes were hybridized with an escherichia coli rrna probe. the s. sonnei strains were unexpectedly diverse in their rflp. antibiotypes of the same isolates showed clusters of strains corresponding to the various outbreaks. on the ... | 1992 | 1356821 |
| pregnancy after transfer of frozen-thawed human embryos. | cryopreservation of human embryos has been successfully applied in in vitro fertilization (ivf) and embryo transfer (et) programs at the national taiwan university hospital since 1988. our preliminary results with 120 frozen-thawed embryos in 31 transfer cycles showed that the survival rate of frozen embryos was 66%. following transfer, the implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were 6.5% and 13%, respectively. four clinical pregnancies and one preclinical pregnancy following a frozen-tha ... | 1992 | 1360300 |
| a comparison of therapeutic schedules for administering granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to nonhuman primates after high-dose chemotherapy. | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) has been shown to be effective in clinical trials for reducing the period of neutropenia after chemotherapy. in this study, we compared the timing for initiating g-csf administration after chemotherapy with the duration of neutropenia and hematopoietic regeneration. nonhuman primates treated with high-dose chemotherapy (mechloroethamine, 1.5 mg/kg, intravenously) and not administered g-csf therapy experienced 8 days of neutropenia (absolute neutrophi ... | 1992 | 1373969 |
| outward currents in longitudinal colonic muscle cells contribute to spiking electrical behavior. | electrical events in longitudinal and circular muscles of the colon are different. longitudinal muscles generate action potentials superimposed upon small depolarizations termed myenteric potential oscillations and circular muscles generate slow wave events that persist for several seconds. differences between circular and longitudinal muscles may be related to the potassium channels these cells express. we have studied ca(2+)-dependent and voltage-dependent k currents of isolated longitudinal c ... | 1992 | 1378997 |
| immunoblot analysis of antibody responses to shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection. | immunoblot analysis was used to identify the antigenic components of the outer membrane protein (omp) extract from sh. dysenteriae type 1 that may be relevant in protection against infection. the omps were extracted by ultrasonic disruption followed by sarkosyl extraction. the macromolecular bands were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), electroeluted to a nitrocellulose matrix and complexed with peroxidase conjugated antibodies in human convalesce ... | 1992 | 1380491 |
| stereoselective syntheses of a di-, tri-, and tetra-saccharide fragment of shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-antigen using 3,4,6-tri-o-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl chloride as a glycosyl donor. | methyl 2,4-di-o-benzoyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside (1) furnished a crystalline 3-o-bromoacetyl derivative that was treated with the dichloromethyl methyl ether-zncl2 reagent to give 2,4-di-o-benzoyl-3-o-bromoacetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl chloride (3). compounds 1 and 3 were condensed under the conditions of base-deficient, silver trifluoromethanesulfonate-mediated glycosylation to give a fully protected rhamnobioside, which on o-debromoacetylation afforded the disaccharide nucleophile 10. similar ... | 1992 | 1381283 |
| role of escherichia coli k-12 rfa genes and the rfp gene of shigella dysenteriae 1 in generation of lipopolysaccharide core heterogeneity and attachment of o antigen. | the rfp gene of shigella dysenteriae 1 and the rfa genes of escherichia coli k-12 and salmonella typhimurium lt2 have been studied to determine their relationship to lipopolysaccharide (lps) core heterogeneity and their role in the attachment of o antigen to lps. it has been inferred from the nucleotide sequence that the rfp gene encodes a protein of 41,864 da which has a structure similar to that of rfag protein. expression of this gene in e. coli k-12 results in the loss of one of the three ba ... | 1992 | 1385388 |
| a novel temporal expression pattern of three c/ebp family members in differentiating myelomonocytic cells. | members of the ccaat/enhancer binding protein (c/ebp) family have been shown to regulate the terminal differentiation of adipocytes and hepatocytes. in these cell lineages, high levels of c/ebp alpha are found only in mature, nondividing cells. using western blotting and immunohistochemical staining, we have determined the temporal order of expression for c/ebp alpha, c/ebp beta, and c/ebp delta in differentiating myelomonocytic marrow cells. these studies show a unique temporal pattern of c/ebp ... | 1992 | 1391942 |
| identification of a b subunit gene promoter in the shiga toxin operon of shigella dysenteriae 1. | the shiga toxin operon (stx) is composed of a and b subunit genes which are transcribed as a bicistronic mrna from a promoter which lies 5' to the stxa gene. northern (rna) blot and primer extension analyses revealed the existence of a second stxb gene transcript. recombinant plasmids which carried the stxb gene without the stx operon promoter and with the influence of a vector promoter abrogated produced stx b polypeptides, suggesting that the stxb gene mrna was transcribed from an independent ... | 1992 | 1400202 |
| treatment of shigellosis: iii. comparison of one- or two-dose ciprofloxacin with standard 5-day therapy. a randomized, blinded trial. | to determine whether a single dose, or 2 doses, of ciprofloxacin are as effective as 5-day, 10-dose therapy for the treatment of shigellosis in adult men who are moderately to severely ill. | 1992 | 1416574 |
| decreased food intake in children with severe dysentery due to shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. | factors that affect food intake in acute shigellosis were studied in 82 children aged 24-59 months. children were offered an energy-dense milk-cereal-oil-based diet every 2 h. food intake was compared between children with shigella dysenteriae 1 infection and those infected with other shigella spp (predominantly s. flexneri). mean energy intake in the first 48 h was 435 kj/kg.d in children infected with s. dysenteriae 1 and 536 kj/kg.d in children infected with other shigella spp (p < 0.001). fe ... | 1992 | 1425537 |
| regulation of the slt-1a toxin operon by a ferric uptake regulatory protein in toxinogenic strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | the regulation of shiga toxin expression in a clinical isolate of s. dysenteriae 1 by the fe-fur (iron-ferric uptake regulatory protein) repressor complex was investigated. the presence of an endogenous fur repressor protein capable of binding to either a fur binding consensus sequence or the regulatory region of slt-1a was determined in toxinogenic strains of s. dysenteriae. plasmid constructs bearing fur binding sites fused to readily assayable reporter genes were used. plasmid psc27.1 contain ... | 1992 | 1430967 |
| [shigella dysenteriae strains having a provisional serovar isolated from imported diarrheal cases in tokyo]. | two bacterial strains (me448 and me474) isolated from stool cultures of imported cases in tokyo in 1987 had typical biochemical characteristics of shigella dysenteriae. the results of antigenic analyses showed that they were serologically identical to each other, but did not belong to any of the established shigella serovars. these strains were positive for serény test in guinea pig eye and cell-invasion test in hela cells. the strains also had virulence-plasmid encoding outer membrane proteins, ... | 1992 | 1431369 |
| mitogenic effects of human recombinant insulin on b-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. | insulin and the insulin-like growth factors (igf-i, igf-ii) constitute a family of peptides capable of stimulating diverse cellular responses, including cell proliferation. in order to determine the effects of these peptides on malignant cells, we analyzed the expression and function of insulin, igf-i, and igf-ii receptors on b-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (bcp all) cell lines, utilizing competitive binding, affinity crosslinking, and cell proliferation assays. the bcp all cells b ... | 1992 | 1434795 |
| incidence and level of exotoxin a in proteolytic cell-free cultures of clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from hospitals in riyadh, saudi arabia. | mice lethality bioassay revealed that out of 102 proteolytic cell-free cultures of pseudomonas aeruginosa only 17 (15%) were lethal with values of 19-48 ld50/ml. antitoxin a antiserum neutralized the lethality providing evidence that the main lethal compound in the cell free cultures was exotoxin a. the neutralization also ruled out the lethal contribution of protease, elastase and phospholipase c. the presence of exotoxin a in a proteolytic environment may indicate less efficient proteolytic ac ... | 1992 | 1435349 |
| effect of ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and transferrin on the growth of some bacterial strains in vitro. | the ability of some bacterial strains to obtain iron from ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (edda) or iron-free transferrin, and accordingly grow in their presence, was studied. growth of staphylococcus aureus and yersinia pseudotuberculosis was inhibited by edda or by iron-free transferrin. growth of streptococcus faecalis, however, was inhibited by iron-free transferrin, but not by edda. the other bacterial strains, i.e.; escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and shigella dysent ... | 1992 | 1435350 |
| cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding a 21-kilodalton outer membrane protein from bordetella avium and expression of the gene in salmonella typhimurium. | three gene libraries of bordetella avium 197 dna were prepared in escherichia coli le392 by using the cosmid vectors pcp13 and pya2329, a derivative of pcp13 specifying spectinomycin resistance. the cosmid libraries were screened with convalescent-phase anti-b. avium turkey sera and polyclonal rabbit antisera against b. avium 197 outer membrane proteins. one e. coli recombinant clone produced a 56-kda protein which reacted with convalescent-phase serum from a turkey infected with b. avium 197. i ... | 1992 | 1447140 |
| shigellosis in children: a prospective hospital based study. | from 1985 to 1988, fecal samples of 950 hospitalized children suffering from diarrhea or dysentery were screened for shigella species using standard methods. shigella species were isolated as sole pathogen from 192 (20.2%) cases and s. flexneri type 2 was the predominant serotype. shigella infection was prevalent throughout the year with high isolation rate during the summer and early monsoon months. shigella strains isolated during the period were resistant to most of the commonly used drugs fo ... | 1992 | 1452309 |
| detection of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri in feces by immunomagnetic isolation and polymerase chain reaction. | a combination of immunomagnetic separation (ims) and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure was used for direct isolation and identification of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri from feces. immunomagnetic particles were coated with monoclonal antibody masfb, which is specific for a common epitope of the o polysaccharides of s. dysenteriae type 1 and s. flexneri. bacteria bound to the beads were boiled in water, and target dna was amplified with a primer pair specific for a g ... | 1992 | 1452650 |
| [incidence, frequency and resistance characteristics of methicillin-oxacillin resistant staphylococcus aureus strains in germany]. | in a multicentre study, the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) isolates in 19 large clinics in germany were recorded, and the resistance characteristics of these strains were studied. oxacillin-mannitol-salt agar plates were distributed to all participants to ensure uniformity of screening, and each laboratory used these plates to investigate 200 consecutive staphylococcus aureus isolates for oxacillin-methicillin resistance. of the 3,794 evaluable staphylococcus aureus isolates, ... | 1992 | 1459021 |
| purification and partial characterization of two azoreductases from shigella dysenteriae type 1. | two azoreductases (i and ii) were purified to homogeneity from extracts of shigella dysenteriae (type 1). azoreductase i was a dimer of identical subunits of m(r) 28,000, whereas azoreductase ii was a monomer of 11,000 m(r). both were flavoproteins, each containing 1 mol of fmn per mol enzyme. both nadh and nadph functioned as electron donors for the azoreductases. azoreductase i used ponceau sx, tartrazine, amaranth and orange ii as substrates. azoreductase ii utilized all the dyes except amara ... | 1992 | 1459414 |
| serum antibodies to verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) strains in patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome. | serological evidence of infection with verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) was sought in 28 patients suffering from haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) and 25 age- and sex-matched controls. elisa was used to detect anti-lipopolysaccharide (lps) antibodies to e. coli strains o157, o111, o26 and nctc 10418, a non-vtec strain, and shigella dysenteriae o1. sera from 19 of the hus patients but from none of the 25 controls had significant antibody levels to the verotoxin-producing bacteria. sera ... | 1992 | 1460654 |
| [the theoretical and practical interpretations of the basic manifestations of the epidemic process in shigellosis]. | 1992 | 1466177 | |
| [new hybrid proteins--potential immunosuppressive agents]. | 1992 | 1468359 | |
| serological diagnosis of infection by shigella dysenteriae-1 in patients with bacillary dysentery. | a total of 192 samples of serum from 113 sri lankan patients with clinical dysentery was examined for antibodies of the igm class to the lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of shigella dysenteriae-1 and escherichia coli o157:h7. by means of elisa and immunoblotting, 59 patients were found to have serum antibodies to the lps of s. dysenteriae-1 only. four samples from one patient were found to contain serum antibodies to the lpss of both s. dysenteriae-1 and e. coli o157:h7. antibodies to the lps of s. dy ... | 1992 | 1474263 |
| [bacillary dysentery--1990]. | 1992 | 1475396 | |
| factors affecting the strength of flexor tendon repair. | the effects of different thicknesses and configurations of core sutures were studied in human cadaveric flexor tendon repairs. both straight and cyclic load tests were employed. to exploit the full strength of 4/0 suture material, the kessler repair using four locked single knots would seem to be appropriate. | 1992 | 1479249 |
| experimental and clinical gnotobiotics: influence of the microflora on graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | one of the major complications of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (bmt) is graft-versus-host disease (gvhd), which is caused by donor type lymphocytes which react against the recipient's tissues. an important factor which influences gvhd is the recipient's gastrointestinal microflora. this was originally observed in gnotobiotic mice. infusion of 10(7) h-2 incompatible bone marrow cells into lethally irradiated (9.0 gy x-rays) conventional mice results in a late onset type gvhd which cause ... | 1992 | 1479298 |
| incomplete vascular casting for a scanning electron microscope study of the microcirculatory patterns in the rat pancreas. | scanning electron microscopy of resin casts prepared by incomplete arterial injections showed that in the rat pancreas, the casting medium fills blood capillaries in the endocrine islets more promptly than those in the exocrine lobules and secretory ducts. furthermore, the exocrine lobules containing endocrine islets allowed a more rapid resin flow through the insulo-acinar portal route than those lobules lacking an islet. the secretory ducts were the last portions to be filled with resin. since ... | 1992 | 1482604 |
| [territorial differences in the nature of the etiological structure of shigellosis--a pattern or chance?]. | 1992 | 1496882 | |
| gut mucosal lymphocyte subpopulations in the host-defence of shigella infected guinea-pigs. | lymphocyte subpopulations from the gut mucosa were studied in shigella-susceptible guinea-pigs to evaluate their role in mucosal immune responses to such organisms. four weeks after infection, isolated lymphocytes were characterised by an immunofluorescent technique. the increase in the t cell intra-epithelial population was less (48%) in comparison to that in normal uninfected animals (74%). on the other hand, ig bearing b cells in the lamina propria showed an increased incidence and more than ... | 1992 | 1500085 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from animal and food sources. | animals and their by-products have been implicated as important sources of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) associated with disease in humans. vtec comprise a wide range of serotypes and produce a variety of closely related verocytotoxins (vt). a pair of oligonucleotide primers, targeting conserved sequences found in vt1, vt2 and vte genes, was used to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure to detect all types of vtec. supernatants of boiled broth cultures of vtec (223 stra ... | 1992 | 1513344 |
| single-dose ciprofloxacin for shigellosis in adults. | 1992 | 1522320 | |
| titres of class-specific antibodies against shigella and salmonella lipopolysaccharide antigens in colostrum and breast milk of costa rican, swedish and vietnamese mothers. | enzyme immunoassays (eia) were used to estimate titres of class-specific antibodies against purified and chemically defined phenol-water-extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigens of salmonella serogroup b (bo), shigella dysenteriae type i, plesiomonas shigelloides (the same o-antigen as shigella sonnei) and shigella flexneri y. titres in colostrum and breast milk of swedish, vietnamese and costa rican mothers from various socioeconomic conditions were compared. the antibodies were mainly of th ... | 1992 | 1522329 |
| solid phase enzyme immunoassays for the quantification of serum amyloid p (sap) and complement component 3 (c3) proteins in acute-phase mouse sera. | simple, reliable and sensitive enzyme immunoassays have been developed for the quantification of the mouse acute-phase sap and c3 proteins. the elisa systems were validated using sera from mice injected with s. dysenteriae endotoxin, and detected 500 pg protein/ml. the assays use 96-well microtitre plates permitting rapid processing of a large number of samples. | 1992 | 1526624 |
| low levels of coagulation inhibitors in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | to investigate levels of coagulation inhibitors in sera from patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis, commercially available antigen assays were used for immunochemical determination of antithrombin iii, protein c and free protein s. sera from patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis showed significantly lowered levels of all measured inhibitors as compared to controls (student's t test). protein c (mean +/- sd): 0.70 +/- 0.30 vs. 1.28 +/- ... | 1992 | 1533851 |
| risk factors for suicide attempts in a human immunodeficiency virus screening program. | 1992 | 1539099 |